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Ma N, Han L, Hou S, Gui L, Yuan Z, Sun S, Wang Z, Yang B, Yang C. Insights into the effects of saline forage on the meat quality of Tibetan sheep by metabolome and multivariate analysis. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101411. [PMID: 38756473 PMCID: PMC11096943 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate how two different types of forage (saline and alkaline) impact the meat quality and muscle metabolism of Tibetan sheep. An integrative multi-omics analysis of meat quality and different metabolites was performed using untargeted and targeted metabolomics approaches. The research results indicated that GG grass (saline and alkaline forage) possessed superior characteristics in terms of apparent quality and secondary metabolite content compared with HG grass (Non saline alkali forage), regardless of the targeted metabolites or non-targeted ones. Simultaneously, under stress conditions, the carbohydrates-rich salt-alkali grass play a significant role in slowing down the decline in pH, increasing the unsaturated fatty acid content and reducing the thawing loss in Tibetan sheep. This study provides an understanding of the impact of different salt-alkali grass on the quality of Tibetan sheep meat, while providing a scientific basis for the future development of salt-alkali livestock industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Ma
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Lijuan Han
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shengzhen Hou
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Linsheng Gui
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yuan
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shengnan Sun
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhiyou Wang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Baochun Yang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Chao Yang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Singh P, Kumar A, Singh T, Anto S, Indoliya Y, Tiwari P, Behera SK, Chakrabarty D. Targeting OsNIP3;1 via CRISPR/Cas9: A strategy for minimizing arsenic accumulation and boosting rice resilience. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134325. [PMID: 38643573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination in rice poses a significant threat to human health due to its toxicity and widespread consumption. Identifying and manipulating key genes governing As accumulation in rice is crucial for reducing this threat. The large NIP gene family of aquaporins in rice presents a promising target due to functional redundancy, potentially allowing for gene manipulation without compromising plant growth. This study aimed to utilize genome editing to generate knock-out (KO) lines of genes of NIP family (OsLsi1, OsNIP3;1) and an anion transporter family (OsLsi2), in order to assess their impact on As accumulation and stress tolerance in rice. KO lines were created using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and the As accumulation patterns, physiological performance, and grain yield were compared against wild-type (WT) under As-treated conditions. KO lines exhibited significantly reduced As accumulation in grain compared to WT. Notably, Osnip3;1 KO line displayed reduced As in xylem sap (71-74%) and grain (32-46%) upon treatment. Additionally, these lines demonstrated improved silicon (23%) uptake, photosynthetic pigment concentrations (Chl a: 77%; Chl b: 79%, Total Chl: 79% & Carotenoid: 49%) overall physiological and agronomical performance under As stress compared to WT. This study successfully utilized genome editing for the first time to identify OsNIP3;1 as a potential target for manipulating As accumulation in rice without compromising grain yield or plant vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Singh
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Twinkle Singh
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sonik Anto
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Yuvraj Indoliya
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Poonam Tiwari
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Soumit Kumar Behera
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Debasis Chakrabarty
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Karle SB, Negi Y, Srivastava S, Suprasanna P, Kumar K. Overexpression of OsTIP1;2 confers arsenite tolerance in rice and reduces root-to-shoot translocation of arsenic. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108608. [PMID: 38615445 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Tonoplast Intrinsic Proteins (TIPs) are vital in transporting water and solutes across vacuolar membrane. The role of TIPs in the arsenic stress response is largely undefined. Rice shows sensitivity to the arsenite [As[III]] stress and its accumulation at high concentrations in grains poses severe health hazards. In this study, functional characterization of OsTIP1;2 from Oryza sativa indica cultivar Pusa Basmati-1 (PB-1) was done under the As[III] stress. Overexpression of OsTIP1;2 in PB-1 rice conferred tolerance to As[III] treatment measured in terms of enhanced shoot growth, biomass, and shoot/root ratio of overexpression (OE) lines compared to the wild-type (WT) plants. Moreover, seed priming with the IRW100 yeast cells (deficient in vacuolar membrane As[III] transporter YCF1) expressing OsTIP1;2 further increased As[III] stress tolerance of both WT and OE plants. The dithizone assay showed that WT plants accumulated high arsenic in shoots, while OE lines accumulated more arsenic in roots than shoots thereby limiting the translocation of arsenic to shoot. The activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants also increased in the OE lines on exposure to As[III]. The tissue-specific localization showed OsTIP1;2 promoter activity in root and root hairs, indicating its possible root-specific function. After As[III] treatment in hydroponic medium, the arsenic translocation factor (TF) for WT was around 0.8, while that of OE lines was around 0.2. Moreover, the arsenic content in the grains of OE lines reduced significantly compared to WT plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Balasaheb Karle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Yogesh Negi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai, 410206, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India.
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Kong W, Huang H, Du W, Jiang Z, Luo Y, Yi D, Yang G, Pang Y. Overexpression of MsNIP2 improves salinity tolerance in Medicago sativa. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 295:154207. [PMID: 38430574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is one of the most widely cultivated forage crops in the world. However, alfalfa yield and quality are adversely affected by salinity stress. Nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs) play essential roles in water and small molecules transport and response to salt stress. Here, we isolated a salt stress responsive MsNIP2 gene and demonstrated its functions by overexpression in alfalfa. The open reading frame of MsNIP2 is 816 bp in length, and it encodes 272 amino acids. It has six transmembrane domains and two NPA motifs. MsNIP2 showed high identity to other known NIP proteins, and its tertiary model was similar to the crystal structure of OsNIP2-1 (7cjs) tetramer. Subcellular localization analysis showed that MsNIP2 protein fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) was localized to the plasma membrane. Transgenic alfalfa lines overexpressing MsNIP2 showed significantly higher height and branch number compared with the non-transgenic control. The POD and CAT activity of the transgenic alfalfa lines was significantly increased and their MDA content was notably reduced compared with the control group under the treatment of NaCl. The transgenic lines showed higher capability in scavenging oxygen radicals with lighter NBT staining than the control under salt stress. The transgenic lines showed relative lower water loss rate and electrolyte leakage, but relatively higher Na+ content than the control line under salt stress. The relative expression levels of abiotic-stress-related genes (MsHSP23, MsCOR47, MsATPase, and MsRD2) in three transgenic lines were compared with the control, among them, only the expression of MsCOR47 was up-regulated. Consequently, this study offers a novel perspective for exploring the function of MsNIP2 in improving salt tolerance of alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Kong
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China; Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haijun Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenxuan Du
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhihu Jiang
- West Arid Region Grassland Resource and Ecology Key Laboratory, College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Yijing Luo
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dengxia Yi
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Guofeng Yang
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yongzhen Pang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Meselhy AG, Mosa K, Chhikara S, Kumar K, Musante C, White JC, Dhankher OP. Plasma membrane intrinsic protein OsPIP2;6 is involved in root-to-shoot arsenic translocation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:64. [PMID: 38340214 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This study demonstrates the crucial role of OsPIP2;6 for translocation of arsenic from roots to shoots, which can decrease arsenic accumulation in rice for improved food safety. Arsenic (As) contamination in food and water, primarily through rice consumption, poses a significant health risk due to its natural tendency to accumulate inorganic arsenic (iAs). Understanding As transport mechanisms is vital for producing As-free rice. This study investigates the role of rice plasma membrane intrinsic protein, OsPIP2;6, for AsIII tolerance and accumulation. RNAi-mediated suppression of OsPIP2;6 expression resulted in a substantial (35-65%) reduction in As accumulation in rice shoots, while root arsenic levels remained largely unaffected. Conversely, OsPIP2;6 overexpression led to 15-76% higher arsenic accumulation in shoots, with no significant change in root As content. In mature plants, RNAi suppression caused (19-26%) decrease in shoot As, with flag leaves and grains showing a 16% reduction. OsPIP2;6 expression was detected in both roots and shoots, with higher transcript levels in shoots. Localization studies revealed its presence in vascular tissues of both roots and shoots. Overall, our findings highlight OsPIP2;6's role in root-to-shoot As translocation, attributed to its specific localization in the vascular tissue of roots and leaves. This knowledge can facilitate the development of breeding programs to mitigate As accumulation in rice and other food crops for improved food safety and increasing productivity on As-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G Meselhy
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kareem Mosa
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sudesh Chhikara
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa, India
| | - Craig Musante
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason C White
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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Jacob F, Hamid R, Ghorbanzadeh Z, Valsalan R, Ajinath LS, Mathew D. Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of MIPS family genes in legume species. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:95. [PMID: 38262915 PMCID: PMC10804463 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evolutionarily conserved in plants, the enzyme D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase (MIPS; EC 5.5.1.4) regulates the initial, rate-limiting reaction in the phytic acid biosynthetic pathway. They are reported to be transcriptional regulators involved in various physiological functions in the plants, growth, and biotic/abiotic stress responses. Even though the genomes of most legumes are fully sequenced and available, an all-inclusive study of the MIPS family members in legumes is still ongoing. RESULTS We found 24 MIPS genes in ten legumes: Arachis hypogea, Cicer arietinum, Cajanus cajan, Glycine max, Lablab purpureus, Medicago truncatula, Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Trifolium pratense and Vigna unguiculata. The total number of MIPS genes found in each species ranged from two to three. The MIPS genes were classified into five clades based on their evolutionary relationships with Arabidopsis genes. The structural patterns of intron/exon and the protein motifs that were conserved in each gene were highly group-specific. In legumes, MIPS genes were inconsistently distributed across their genomes. A comparison of genomes and gene sequences showed that this family was subjected to purifying selection and the gene expansion in MIPS family in legumes was mainly caused by segmental duplication. Through quantitative PCR, expression patterns of MIPS in response to various abiotic stresses, in the vegetative tissues of various legumes were studied. Expression pattern shows that MIPS genes control the development and differentiation of various organs, and have significant responses to salinity and drought stress. CONCLUSION The MIPS genes in the genomes of legumes have been identified, characterized and their expression was analysed. The findings pave way for understanding their molecular functions and evolution, and lead to identify the putative MIPS genes associated with different cell and tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feba Jacob
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, India
| | - Rasmieh Hamid
- Department of Plant Breeding, Cotton Research Institute of Iran (CRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghorbanzadeh
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Ravisankar Valsalan
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, India
| | - Lavale Shivaji Ajinath
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, India
| | - Deepu Mathew
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, India.
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Zaghdoud C, Ollio I, Solano CJ, Ochoa J, Suardiaz J, Fernández JA, Martínez Ballesta MDC. Red LED Light Improves Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Seed Radicle Emergence and Growth through the Modulation of Aquaporins, Hormone Homeostasis, and Metabolite Remobilization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054779. [PMID: 36902208 PMCID: PMC10002511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Red LED light (R LED) is an efficient tool to improve seed germination and plant growth under controlled environments since it is more readily absorbed by photoreceptors' phytochromes compared to other wavelengths of the spectrum. In this work, the effect of R LED on the radicle emergence and growth (Phase III of germination) of pepper seeds was evaluated. Thus, the impact of R LED on water transport through different intrinsic membrane proteins, via aquaporin (AQP) isoforms, was determined. In addition, the remobilization of distinct metabolites such as amino acids, sugars, organic acids, and hormones was analysed. R LED induced a higher germination speed index, regulated by an increased water uptake. PIP2;3 and PIP2;5 aquaporin isoforms were highly expressed and could contribute to a faster and more effective hydration of embryo tissues, leading to a reduction of the germination time. By contrast, TIP1;7, TIP1;8, TIP3;1 and TIP3;2 gene expressions were reduced in R LED-treated seeds, pointing to a lower need for protein remobilization. NIP4;5 and XIP1;1 were also involved in radicle growth but their role needs to be elucidated. In addition, R LED induced changes in amino acids and organic acids as well as sugars. Therefore, an advanced metabolome oriented to a higher energetic metabolism was observed, conditioning better seed germination performance together with a rapid water flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chokri Zaghdoud
- Bureau de Transfert de Technologie (BuTT), Université de Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia
| | - Irene Ollio
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Cristóbal J. Solano
- División of Innovation in Telematic Systems and Electronic Technology (DINTEL), Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, s/n, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Jesús Ochoa
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Juan Suardiaz
- División of Innovation in Telematic Systems and Electronic Technology (DINTEL), Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, s/n, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Juan A. Fernández
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Martínez Ballesta
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968-325457
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Unique and Shared Proteome Responses of Rice Plants ( Oryza sativa) to Individual Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415552. [PMID: 36555193 PMCID: PMC9778788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food safety of staple crops such as rice is of global concern and is at the top of the policy agenda worldwide. Abiotic stresses are one of the main limitations to optimizing yields for sustainability, food security and food safety. We analyzed proteome changes in Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare in response to five adverse abiotic treatments, including three levels of drought (mild, moderate, and severe), soil salinization, and non-optimal temperatures. All treatments had modest, negative effects on plant growth, enabling us to identify proteins that were common to all stresses, or unique to one. More than 75% of the total of differentially abundant proteins in response to abiotic stresses were specific to individual stresses, while fewer than 5% of stress-induced proteins were shared across all abiotic constraints. Stress-specific and non-specific stress-responsive proteins identified were categorized in terms of core biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular localization.
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Wang Y, Yang S, Li C, Hu T, Hou S, Bai Q, Ji X, Xu F, Guo C, Huang M, Cai Y, Liu J. The plasma membrane-localized OsNIP1;2 mediates internal aluminum detoxification in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:970270. [PMID: 36172551 PMCID: PMC9512054 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.970270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity significantly restricts crop production on acidic soils. Although rice is highly resistant to Al stress, the underlying resistant mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we characterized the function of OsNIP1;2, a plasma membrane-localized nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein (NIP) in rice. Aluminum stress specifically and quickly induced OsNIP1;2 expression in the root. Functional mutations of OsNIP1;2 in two independent rice lines led to significantly enhanced sensitivity to Al but not other metals. Moreover, the Osnip1;2 mutants had considerably more Al accumulated in the root cell wall but less in the cytosol than the wild-type rice. In addition, compared with the wild-type rice plants, the Osnip1;2 mutants contained more Al in the root but less in the shoot. When expressed in yeast, OsNIP1;2 led to enhanced Al accumulation in the cells and enhanced sensitivity to Al stress, suggesting that OsNIP1;2 facilitated Al uptake in yeast. These results suggest that OsNIP1;2 confers internal Al detoxification via taking out the root cell wall's Al, sequestering it to the root cell's vacuole, and re-distributing it to the above-ground tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Robert W. Holley Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Shaohua Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chune Li
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taijiao Hu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siyu Hou
- School of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qing Bai
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiyue Ji
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongdai Guo
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Cai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiping Liu
- Robert W. Holley Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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10
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Zhang Y, Fei S, Xu Y, He Y, Zhu Z, Liu Y. The structure, function and expression analysis of the nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein subfamily of plant aquaporins in tomato. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9180. [PMID: 35655083 PMCID: PMC9163140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein (NIP) family belonging to a group of aquaporin proteins is unique to plants. NIPs have a wide of transport activities and are involved in developmental processes and stress tolerance. The well reported Lsi1 and Lsi6 belonging to NIP III were characterized as Si transporters. However, except Lsi1 and Lsi6, most NIPs remain unknown. Here, we identified 43 putative aquaporins in tomato. We found there are 12 NIPs, including 8 NIP I proteins, 3 NIP II proteins, and 1 NIP III protein among the 43 aquaporins. Also, there are two Si efflux transporters SlLsi2-1 and SlLsi2-2 identified by using Lsi2 proteins from other species. By analysing the phylogenetic relationships, conserved residues and expression patterns, we propose that three NIP I members (SlNIP-2, SlNIP-3 and SlNIP-11) may transport water, ammonia, urea, and boric acid, and contribute to pollen development. Three NIP II proteins (SlNIP-7, SlNIP-9 and SlNIP-12) may be boric acid facilitators, and affect plant growth and anther development. Overall, the study provides valuable candidates of Si transporters and other NIP proteins to further explore their roles in uptake and transport for silicon, boron, and other substrates in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shihong Fei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunmin Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Luo Y, Ma L, Du W, Yan S, Wang Z, Pang Y. Identification and Characterization of Salt- and Drought-Responsive AQP Family Genes in Medicagosativa L. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063342. [PMID: 35328763 PMCID: PMC8950044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQP) are distributed ubiquitously in plants, and they play important roles in multiple aspects of plant growth and development, as well as in plant resistance to various environmental stresses. In this study, 43 MsAQP genes were identified in the forage crop Medicago sativa. All the MsAQP proteins were clustered into four subfamilies based on sequence similarity and phylogenetic relationship, including 17 TIPs, 14 NIPs, 9 PIPs and 3 SIPs. Analyses of gene structure and conserved domains indicated that the majority of the deduced MsAQP proteins contained the signature transmembrane domains and the NPA motifs. Analyses on cis-acting elements in the promoter region of MsAQP genes revealed the presence of multiple and diverse stress-responsive and hormone-responsive cis-acting elements. In addition, by analyzing the available and comprehensive gene expression data of M. truncatula, we screened ten representative MtAQP genes that were responsive to NaCl or drought stress. By analyzing the sequence similarity and phylogenetic relationship, we finally identified the corresponding ten salt- or drought-responsive AQP genes in M. sativa, including three MsTIPs, three MsPIPs and four MsNIPs. The qPCRs showed that the relative expression levels of these ten selected MsAQP genes responded differently to NaCl or drought treatment in M. sativa. Gene expression patterns showed that most MsAQP genes were preferentially expressed in roots or in leaves, which may reflect their tissue-specific functions associated with development. Our results lay an important foundation for the future characterization of the functions of MsAQP genes, and provide candidate genes for stress resistance improvement through genetic breeding in M. sativa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Luo
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.L.); (S.Y.)
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (L.M.); (W.D.)
| | - Lin Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (L.M.); (W.D.)
| | - Wenxuan Du
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (L.M.); (W.D.)
| | - Su Yan
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.L.); (S.Y.)
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (L.M.); (W.D.)
| | - Zengyu Wang
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.L.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yongzhen Pang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (L.M.); (W.D.)
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (Y.P.)
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12
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Wang Y, Xiao E, Wu G, Bai Q, Xu F, Ji X, Li C, Li L, Liu J. The roles of selectivity filters in determining aluminum transport by AtNIP1;2. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1991686. [PMID: 34709126 PMCID: PMC9208765 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1991686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are channel proteins involved in transporting a variety of substrates. It has been proposed that the constriction regions in the central pores of the AQP channels play a crucial role in determining transport substrates and activities of AQPs. Our previous results suggest that AtNIP1;2, a member of the AQP superfamily in Arabidopsis, facilitates aluminum transport across the plasma membrane. However, the functions of the constriction regions in AtNIP1;2-mediated transport activities are unclear. This study reports that residue substitutions of the constriction regions affect AtNIP1;2-mediated aluminum uptake, demonstrating the critical roles of the constriction regions for transport activities. Furthermore, a constriction region that partially or wholly mimics AtNIP5;1, a demonstrated boric-acid transporter, could not render the boric-acid transport activity to AtNIP1;2. Therefore, besides the constriction regions, other structural features are also involved in determining the nature of AtNIP1;2's transport activities.Abbreviations: AIAR: alanine-isoleucine-alanine-arginine; AIGR: alanine-isoleucine-glycine- arginine; AQP: aquaporin; Al-Mal: aluminum-malate; ar/R: aromatic/arginine; AVAR: alanine-valine-alanine-arginine; CK: control; H: helical domain; ICP-MS: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; LA - LE: inter-helical loops A to E; NIP: nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein; NPA: asparagine-proline-alanine; NPG: asparagine-proline- glycine; NPS: asparagine-proline-Serine; NPV: asparagine-proline-valine; ORF: open reading frame; PIP: plasma membrane intrinsic proteins; SIP: small basic intrinsic proteins; TM: transmembrane helices; WIAR: tryptophan-isoleucine-alanine-arginine; WVAR: tryptophan-valine-alanine-arginine; WVGR: tryptophan-valine-glycine- arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Enzong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guorong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Bai
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiyue Ji
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chune Li
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, Ny, USA
| | - Jiping Liu
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, Ny, USA
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13
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Onuh AF, Miwa K. Regulation, Diversity and Evolution of Boron Transporters in Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:590-599. [PMID: 33570563 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential trace element in plants, and borate cross-linking of pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) in cell walls is required for normal cell growth. High concentrations of B are toxic to cells. Therefore, plants need to control B transport to respond to B conditions in the environment. Over the past two decades, genetic analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana have revealed that B transport is governed by two types of membrane transport molecules: NIPs (nodulin-26-like intrinsic proteins), which facilitate boric acid permeation, and BORs, which export borate from cells. In this article, we review recent findings on the (i) regulation at the cell level, (ii) diversity among plant species and (iii) evolution of these B transporters in plants. We first describe the systems regulating these B transporters at the cell level, focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying the polar localization of proteins and B-dependent expression, as well as their physiological significance in A. thaliana. Then, we examine the presence of homologous genes and characterize the functions of NIPs and BORs in B homeostasis, in a wide range of plant species, including Brassica napus, Oryza sativa and Zea mays. Finally, we discuss the evolutionary aspects of NIPs and BORs as B transporters, and the possible relationship between the diversification of B transport and the occurrence of RG-II in plants. This review considers the sophisticated systems of B transport that are conserved among various plant species, which were established to meet mineral nutrient requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarachukwu Faith Onuh
- Division of Biosphere Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, North-10, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
| | - Kyoko Miwa
- Division of Biosphere Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, North-10, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810 Japan
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14
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Singh S, Kumar V, Parihar P, Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Ramamurthy PC, Prasad R, Singh J. Differential regulation of drought stress by biological membrane transporters and channels. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1565-1583. [PMID: 34132878 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stress arising due to abiotic factors affects the plant's growth and productivity. Among several existing abiotic stressors like cold, drought, heat, salinity, heavy metal, etc., drought condition tends to affect the plant's growth by inducing two-point effect, i.e., it disturbs the water balance as well as induces toxicity by disturbing the ion homeostasis, thus hindering the growth and productivity of plants, and to survive under this condition, plants have evolved several transportation systems that are involved in regulating the drought stress. The role of membrane transporters has gained interest since genetic engineering came into existence, and they were found to be the important modulators for tolerance, avoidance, ion movements, stomatal movements, etc. Here in this comprehensive review, we have discussed the role of transporters (ABA, protein, carbohydrates, etc.) and channels that aids in withstanding the drought stress as well as the regulatory role of transporters involved in osmotic adjustments arising due to drought stress. This review also provides a gist of hydraulic conductivity by roots that are involved in regulating the drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474009, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144111, India
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211008, India
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144111, India
| | - Rachana Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211008, India
| | - Praveen C Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India.
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, 845401, India.
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144111, India
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15
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Sun H, Wang S, Lou Y, Zhu C, Zhao H, Li Y, Li X, Gao Z. A bamboo leaf-specific aquaporin gene PePIP2;7 is involved in abiotic stress response. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1101-1114. [PMID: 34100122 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02673-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PePIP2;7, a leaf-specific aquaporin gene in bamboo, is upregulated under abiotic stresses. Overexpressing PePIP2;7 confers abiotic stresses tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plant and yeast. Aquaporins (AQPs) participate in the regulation of water balance in plants. However, the function of AQPs in bamboo remains unclear. Here, PePIP2;7 was identified as a leaf-specific aquaporin gene in moso bamboo based on the expression analysis of transcriptome data and PCR. In situ hybridization further indicated that PePIP2;7 was mainly expressed in mesophyll cells of mature leaves, while in immature leaves it was dominant in blade edge cells followed by mesophyll cells. Interestingly, PePIP2;7 was strongly expressed in the mesophyll cells near bulliform cells of immature leaves, suggesting that PePIP2;7 might function in water transport and contribute to leaf unfolding. The transient expression assay showed that PePIP2;7 was a plasma membrane intrinsic protein. Furthermore, PePIP2;7 was upregulated under abiotic stresses such as high light, drought, and NaCl. Compared with Col-0, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing PePIP2;7 had better seed germination rate, longer taproot length, higher SOD activity, and lower MDA content under abiotic stresses. Besides, yeasts expressing PePIP2;7 also had higher tolerance to stress compared to the control. Taken together, our results show that PePIP2;7 is leaf-specific and involved in stress response, which provides new insights into aquaporin function in bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Sining Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Yongfeng Lou
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Chenglei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Hansheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Xueping Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China.
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16
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Pontigo S, Larama G, Parra-Almuna L, Nunes-Nesi A, Mora MDLL, Cartes P. Physiological and molecular insights involved in silicon uptake and transport in ryegrass. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 163:308-316. [PMID: 33895436 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The silicon (Si) uptake system of two ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars was characterised by assessing the concentration- and time-dependent kinetics. Additionally, a Si transporter gene was isolated from ryegrass and their expression pattern was analysed. The concentration-dependent kinetics was examined in Jumbo and Nui cultivars supplied with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mM Si and harvested at 24 h and 21 d. The time-dependent kinetics was evaluated at 0, 0.5, or 2 mM Si doses after 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h. RACE-PCR was performed to isolate a full-length sequence codifying for a Si transporter, and semi-quantitative and quantitative RT-PCR was used to analyse its expression pattern. Differential Si uptake between ryegrass cultivars was found. Moreover, Lineweaver-Burk linearization showed similar Vmax values between cultivars; however, different Km suggested that Jumbo and Nui may have different affinities for silicic acid. The dissimilarities in Km between cultivars might involve either the differential contribution of known proteins responsible for Si uptake and transport or the involvement of undiscovered Si transporters. We identified a putative Si transporter from ryegrass Nui (LpLsi1), which was only expressed in roots and down-regulated by Si supply. The predicted amino acid sequence of LpLsi1 did not only show a high similarity and close phylogenetic relationship with monocot Si influx transporters but also indicated that it is a membrane protein possessing a high conservation of domains essential for silicic acid selectivity. Our findings provide evidence of LpLsi1 in ryegrass, which supports its high Si accumulation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Pontigo
- Center of Plant-Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Giovanni Larama
- Centro de Excelencia de Modelación y Computación Científica, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Leyla Parra-Almuna
- Center of Plant-Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - María de la Luz Mora
- Center of Plant-Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Paula Cartes
- Center of Plant-Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile.
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17
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Yepes-Molina L, Bárzana G, Carvajal M. Controversial Regulation of Gene Expression and Protein Transduction of Aquaporins under Drought and Salinity Stress. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121662. [PMID: 33261103 PMCID: PMC7761296 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enhancement of the passage of water through membranes is one of the main mechanisms via which cells can maintain their homeostasis under stress conditions, and aquaporins are the main participants in this process. However, in the last few years, a number of studies have reported discrepancies between aquaporin messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and the number of aquaporin proteins synthesised in response to abiotic stress. These observations suggest the existence of post-transcriptional mechanisms which regulate plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) trafficking to the plasma membrane. This indicates that the mRNA synthesis of some aquaporins could be modulated by the accumulation of the corresponding encoded protein, in relation to the turnover of the membranes. This aspect is discussed in terms of the results obtained: on the one hand, with isolated vesicles, in which the level of proteins present provides the membranes with important characteristics such as resistance and stability and, on the other, with isolated proteins reconstituted in artificial liposomes as an in vitro method to address the in vivo physiology of the entire plant.
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18
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Balasaheb Karle S, Kumar K, Srivastava S, Suprasanna P. Cloning, in silico characterization and expression analysis of TIP subfamily from rice (Oryza sativa L.). Gene 2020; 761:145043. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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19
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Gaur S, Kumar J, Kumar D, Chauhan DK, Prasad SM, Srivastava PK. Fascinating impact of silicon and silicon transporters in plants: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110885. [PMID: 32650140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is a metalloid which is gaining worldwide attention of plant scientists due to its ameliorating impact on plants' growth and development. The beneficial response of Si is observed predominantly under numerous abiotic and biotic stress conditions. However, under favorable conditions, most of the plant can grow without it. Therefore, Si has yet not been fully accepted as essential element rather it is being considered as quasi-essential for plants' growth. Si is also known to enhance resilience in plants by reducing the plant's stress. Besides its second most abundance on the earth crust, most of the soils lack plant available form of Si i.e. silicic acid. In this regard, understanding the role of Si in plant metabolism, its uptake from roots and transport to aerial tissues along with its ionomics and proteomics under different circumstances is of great concern. Plants have evolved a well-optimized Si-transport system including various transporter proteins like Low silicon1 (Lsi1), Low silicon2 (Lsi2), Low silicon3 (Lsi3) and Low silicon6 (Lsi6) at specific sub-cellular locations along with the expression profiling that creates precisely coordinated network among these transporters, which also facilitate uptake and accumulation of Si. Though, an ample amount of information is available pertinent to the solute specificity, active sites, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of these transporter genes. Similarly, the information regarding transporters involved in Si accumulation in different organelles is also available particularly in silica cells occurred in poales. But in this review, we have attempted to compile studies related to plants vis à vis Si, its role in abiotic and biotic stress, its uptake in various parts of plants via different types of Si-transporters, expression pattern, localization and the solute specificity. Besides these, this review will also provide the compiled knowledge about the genetic variation among crop plants vis à vis enhanced Si uptake and related benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Gaur
- DD Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India.
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India; Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. Shakuntla Misra National Rehabilitation University, Mohaan Road, Lucknow, U.P, 226017, India.
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- DD Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- DD Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India.
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India.
| | - Prabhat Kumar Srivastava
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India; Department of Botany, KS Saket PG College, Ayodhya U.P, 224123., India.
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20
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de María N, Guevara MÁ, Perdiguero P, Vélez MD, Cabezas JA, López‐Hinojosa M, Li Z, Díaz LM, Pizarro A, Mancha JA, Sterck L, Sánchez‐Gómez D, Miguel C, Collada C, Díaz‐Sala MC, Cervera MT. Molecular study of drought response in the Mediterranean conifer Pinus pinaster Ait.: Differential transcriptomic profiling reveals constitutive water deficit-independent drought tolerance mechanisms. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9788-9807. [PMID: 33005345 PMCID: PMC7520194 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of long-living forest trees to respond to environmental changes is essential to secure their performance under adverse conditions. Water deficit is one of the most significant stress factors determining tree growth and survival. Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.), the main source of softwood in southwestern Europe, is subjected to recurrent drought periods which, according to climate change predictions for the years to come, will progressively increase in the Mediterranean region. The mechanisms regulating pine adaptive responses to environment are still largely unknown. The aim of this work was to go a step further in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying maritime pine response to water stress and drought tolerance at the whole plant level. A global transcriptomic profiling of roots, stems, and needles was conducted to analyze the performance of siblings showing contrasted responses to water deficit from an ad hoc designed full-sib family. Although P. pinaster is considered a recalcitrant species for vegetative propagation in adult phase, the analysis was conducted using vegetatively propagated trees exposed to two treatments: well-watered and moderate water stress. The comparative analyses led us to identify organ-specific genes, constitutively expressed as well as differentially expressed when comparing control versus water stress conditions, in drought-sensitive and drought-tolerant genotypes. Different response strategies can point out, with tolerant individuals being pre-adapted for coping with drought by constitutively expressing stress-related genes that are detected only in latter stages on sensitive individuals subjected to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria de María
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética ForestalCentro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
- Unidad Mixta de Genómica y Ecofisiología ForestalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - María Ángeles Guevara
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética ForestalCentro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
- Unidad Mixta de Genómica y Ecofisiología ForestalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Pedro Perdiguero
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética ForestalCentro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA‐INIA)MadridSpain
- Departamento de Cultivos HerbáceosCentro de Investigación Agroforestal de AlbaladejitoCuencaSpain
| | - María Dolores Vélez
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética ForestalCentro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
- Unidad Mixta de Genómica y Ecofisiología ForestalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - José Antonio Cabezas
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética ForestalCentro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
- Unidad Mixta de Genómica y Ecofisiología ForestalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Miriam López‐Hinojosa
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética ForestalCentro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
- Unidad Mixta de Genómica y Ecofisiología ForestalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Zhen Li
- Ghent University Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhentBelgium
- VIB‐UGent Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
- Bioinformatics Institute GhentGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Luís Manuel Díaz
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética ForestalCentro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
- Unidad Mixta de Genómica y Ecofisiología ForestalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Alberto Pizarro
- Departamento de Ciencias de la VidaUniversidad de AlcaláAlcalá de HenaresSpain
| | - José Antonio Mancha
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética ForestalCentro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
| | - Lieven Sterck
- Ghent University Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhentBelgium
- VIB‐UGent Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
- Bioinformatics Institute GhentGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - David Sánchez‐Gómez
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética ForestalCentro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
- Unidad Mixta de Genómica y Ecofisiología ForestalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
- Departamento de Cultivos HerbáceosCentro de Investigación Agroforestal de AlbaladejitoCuencaSpain
| | - Célia Miguel
- BioISI‐Biosystems & Integrative Sciences InstituteFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET)OeirasPortugal
| | - Carmen Collada
- Unidad Mixta de Genómica y Ecofisiología ForestalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
- Grupo de investigación Sistemas Naturales e Historia ForestalUPMMadridSpain
| | | | - María Teresa Cervera
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética ForestalCentro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)MadridSpain
- Unidad Mixta de Genómica y Ecofisiología ForestalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
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21
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Faize M, Fumanal B, Luque F, Ramírez-Tejero JA, Zou Z, Qiao X, Faize L, Gousset-Dupont A, Roeckel-Drevet P, Label P, Venisse JS. Genome Wild Analysis and Molecular Understanding of the Aquaporin Diversity in Olive Trees ( Olea Europaea L.). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4183. [PMID: 32545387 PMCID: PMC7312470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular aquaporin water channels (AQPs) constitute a large family of transmembrane proteins present throughout all kingdoms of life, playing important roles in the uptake of water and many solutes across the membranes. In olive trees, AQP diversity, protein features and their biological functions are still largely unknown. This study focuses on the structure and functional and evolution diversity of AQP subfamilies in two olive trees, the wild species Olea europaea var. sylvestris (OeuAQPs) and the domesticated species Olea europaea cv. Picual (OleurAQPs), and describes their involvement in different physiological processes of early plantlet development and in biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in the domesticated species. A scan of genomes from the wild and domesticated olive species revealed the presence of 52 and 79 genes encoding full-length AQP sequences, respectively. Cross-genera phylogenetic analysis with orthologous clustered OleaAQPs into five established subfamilies: PIP, TIP, NIP, SIP, and XIP. Subsequently, gene structures, protein motifs, substrate specificities and cellular localizations of the full length OleaAQPs were predicted. Functional prediction based on the NPA motif, ar/R selectivity filter, Froger's and specificity-determining positions suggested differences in substrate specificities of Olea AQPs. Expression analysis of the OleurAQP genes indicates that some genes are tissue-specific, whereas few others show differential expressions at different developmental stages and in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The current study presents the first detailed genome-wide analysis of the AQP gene family in olive trees and it provides valuable information for further functional analysis to infer the role of AQP in the adaptation of olive trees in diverse environmental conditions in order to help the genetic improvement of domesticated olive trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Faize
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - Boris Fumanal
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (B.F.); (A.G.-D.); (P.R.-D.); (P.L.)
| | - Francisco Luque
- Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (F.L.); (J.A.R.-T.)
| | - Jorge A. Ramírez-Tejero
- Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (F.L.); (J.A.R.-T.)
| | - Zhi Zou
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xueying Qiao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; (Z.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Lydia Faize
- Group of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, Department of Plant Breeding, Murcia University, CEBAS CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Aurélie Gousset-Dupont
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (B.F.); (A.G.-D.); (P.R.-D.); (P.L.)
| | - Patricia Roeckel-Drevet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (B.F.); (A.G.-D.); (P.R.-D.); (P.L.)
| | - Philippe Label
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (B.F.); (A.G.-D.); (P.R.-D.); (P.L.)
| | - Jean-Stéphane Venisse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (B.F.); (A.G.-D.); (P.R.-D.); (P.L.)
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22
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Jones SI, Hunt MR, Vodkin LO. An embryo lethal transgenic line manifests global expression changes and elevated protein/oil ratios in heterozygous soybean plants. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233721. [PMID: 32516314 PMCID: PMC7282645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular processes of seed development is important especially in agronomic crops that produce large amounts of nutrient reserves. Because soybean is a vital source of vegetable protein worldwide, producers are concerned about increasing the total amount of protein in the seed without substantially lowering the amount of oil, another economically important product. Here we describe a transgenic soybean line with increased protein and protein/oil ratio, containing an average of 42.2% protein vs. 38.5% in controls and with a protein/oil ratio of 2.02 vs. 1.76 in controls over several generations of greenhouse growth. Other phenotypic data show that the seeds are heavier, although there are overall lower yields per plant. We postulate these effects result from insertion site mutagenesis by the transgenic construct. As this line never achieves homozygosity and appears to be embryo lethal when homozygous, one functional copy of the gene is most likely essential for normal seed development. Global transcript analyses using RNA-Seq for 88,000 gene models over two stages of cotyledon development revealed that more genes are over-expressed in the transgenic line including ribosomal protein related genes and those in the membrane protein and transporters families. Localization of the insertion site should reveal the genes and developmental program that has been perturbed by the transgenic construct, resulting in this economically interesting increase in protein and the protein/oil ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I. Jones
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matt R. Hunt
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lila O. Vodkin
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
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23
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Lux A, Lukačová Z, Vaculík M, Švubová R, Kohanová J, Soukup M, Martinka M, Bokor B. Silicification of Root Tissues. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E111. [PMID: 31952260 PMCID: PMC7020167 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is not considered an essential element, however, its tissue concentration can exceed that of many essential elements in several evolutionary distant plant species. Roots take up Si using Si transporters and then translocate it to aboveground organs. In some plant species, root tissues are also places where a high accumulation of Si can be found. Three basic modes of Si deposition in roots have been identified so far: (1) impregnation of endodermal cell walls (e.g., in cereals, such as Triticum (wheat)); (2) formation of Si-aggregates associated with endodermal cell walls (in the Andropogoneae family, which includes Sorghum and Saccharum (sugarcane)); (3) formation of Si aggregates in "stegmata" cells, which form a sheath around sclerenchyma fibers e.g., in some palm species (Phoenix (date palm)). In addition to these three major and most studied modes of Si deposition in roots, there are also less-known locations, such as deposits in xylem cells and intercellular deposits. In our research, the ontogenesis of individual root cells that accumulate Si is discussed. The documented and expected roles of Si deposition in the root is outlined mostly as a reaction of plants to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lux
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.L.); (Z.L.); (M.V.); (R.Š.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Lukačová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.L.); (Z.L.); (M.V.); (R.Š.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Marek Vaculík
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.L.); (Z.L.); (M.V.); (R.Š.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Renáta Švubová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.L.); (Z.L.); (M.V.); (R.Š.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Jana Kohanová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.L.); (Z.L.); (M.V.); (R.Š.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Milan Soukup
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.L.); (Z.L.); (M.V.); (R.Š.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Martinka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.L.); (Z.L.); (M.V.); (R.Š.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Boris Bokor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.L.); (Z.L.); (M.V.); (R.Š.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.M.)
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
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24
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Bezerra-Neto JP, de Araújo FC, Ferreira-Neto JRC, da Silva MD, Pandolfi V, Aburjaile FF, Sakamoto T, de Oliveira Silva RL, Kido EA, Barbosa Amorim LL, Ortega JM, Benko-Iseppon AM. Plant Aquaporins: Diversity, Evolution and Biotechnological Applications. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:368-395. [PMID: 30387391 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666181102095910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane forms a permeable barrier that separates the cytoplasm from the external environment, defining the physical and chemical limits in each cell in all organisms. The movement of molecules and ions into and out of cells is controlled by the plasma membrane as a critical process for cell stability and survival, maintaining essential differences between the composition of the extracellular fluid and the cytosol. In this process aquaporins (AQPs) figure as important actors, comprising highly conserved membrane proteins that carry water, glycerol and other hydrophilic molecules through biomembranes, including the cell wall and membranes of cytoplasmic organelles. While mammals have 15 types of AQPs described so far (displaying 18 paralogs), a single plant species can present more than 120 isoforms, providing transport of different types of solutes. Such aquaporins may be present in the whole plant or can be associated with different tissues or situations, including biotic and especially abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity or tolerance to soils rich in heavy metals, for instance. The present review addresses several aspects of plant aquaporins, from their structure, classification, and function, to in silico methodologies for their analysis and identification in transcriptomes and genomes. Aspects of evolution and diversification of AQPs (with a focus on plants) are approached for the first time with the aid of the LCA (Last Common Ancestor) analysis. Finally, the main practical applications involving the use of AQPs are discussed, including patents and future perspectives involving this important protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Bezerra-Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Flávia Czekalski de Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - José R C Ferreira-Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Manassés D da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Valesca Pandolfi
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Flavia F Aburjaile
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Tetsu Sakamoto
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Roberta L de Oliveira Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ederson A Kido
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Lidiane L Barbosa Amorim
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí, Campus Oeiras, Avenida Projetada, s/n, 64.500-000, Oeiras, Piauí, Brazil
| | - José M Ortega
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana M Benko-Iseppon
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Genetics Department, Center of Biosciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50.670-423, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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25
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Zhou Y, Tao J, Ahammed GJ, Li J, Yang Y. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of aquaporin gene family related to abiotic stress in watermelon. Genome 2019; 62:643-656. [PMID: 31418287 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2019-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The plant aquaporins (AQPs) are highly conserved integral membrane proteins that participate in multiple developmental processes and responses to various stresses. In this study, a total of 35 AQP genes were identified in the watermelon genome. The phylogenetic analysis showed that these AQPs can be divided into five types, including 16 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), eight tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), eight nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), two small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs), and one uncategorized X intrinsic protein (XIP). A number of cis-elements related to plant responses to hormones and stresses were detected in the promoter sequences of ClAQP genes. Chromosome distribution analysis revealed that the genes are unevenly distributed on eight chromosomes, with chromosomes 1 and 4 possessing the most genes. Expression analysis at different developmental stages in flesh and rind indicated that most of ClAQPs have tissue-specific expression. Meanwhile, some other AQP genes showed differential expression in response to cold, salt, and ABA treatments, which is consistent with the organization of the stress-responsive cis-elements detected in the promoter regions. Our results lay a foundation for understanding the specific functions of ClAQP genes to help the genetic improvement of watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Junjie Tao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.,Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.,Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Youxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.,Department of Horticulture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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26
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He Z, Li Z, Lu H, Huo L, Wang Z, Wang Y, Ji X. The NAC Protein from Tamarix hispida, ThNAC7, Confers Salt and Osmotic Stress Tolerance by Increasing Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Capability. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8070221. [PMID: 31336966 PMCID: PMC6681344 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant specific NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in response to abiotic stress. In this study, we identified and characterized a NAC protein, ThNAC7, from Tamarix hispida. ThNAC7 is a nuclear localized protein and has transcriptional activation activity. ThNAC7 expression was markedly induced by salt and osmotic stresses. Transiently transformed T. hispida seedlings overexpressing ThNAC7 (OE) or with RNA interference (RNAi) silenced ThNAC7 were generated to investigate abiotic stress tolerance via the gain- and loss- of function. Overexpressing ThNAC7 showed an increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capabilities and proline content, which was accomplished by enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in transiently transformed T. hispida and stably transformed Arabidopsis plants. Additionally, ThNAC7 activated these physiological changes by regulating the transcription level of P5CS, SOD and PODgenes. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) comparison between wild-type and ThNAC7-transformed Arabidopsis showed that more than 40 known salt tolerance genes might regulated by ThNAC7, including stress tolerance-related genes and TF genes. The results indicated that ThNAC7 induces the transcription level of genes associated with stress tolerance to enhance salt and osmotic stress tolerance via an increase in osmotic potential and enhanced ROS scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang He
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin 150040, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Zhibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin 150040, China.
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27
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Quiroga G, Erice G, Ding L, Chaumont F, Aroca R, Ruiz-Lozano JM. The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis regulates aquaporins activity and improves root cell water permeability in maize plants subjected to water stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2274-2290. [PMID: 30916398 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Studies have suggested that increased root hydraulic conductivity in mycorrhizal roots could be the result of increased cell-to-cell water flux via aquaporins. This study aimed to elucidate if the key effect of the regulation of maize aquaporins by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is the enhancement of root cell water transport capacity. Thus, water permeability coefficient (Pf ) and cell hydraulic conductivity (Lpc ) were measured in root protoplast and intact cortex cells of AM and non-AM plants subjected or not to water stress. Results showed that cells from droughted-AM roots maintained Pf and Lpc values of nonstressed plants, whereas in non-AM roots, these values declined drastically as a consequence of water deficit. Interestingly, the phosphorylation status of PIP2 aquaporins increased in AM plants subjected to water deficit, and Pf values higher than 12 μm s-1 were found only in protoplasts from AM roots, revealing the higher water permeability of AM root cells. In parallel, the AM symbiosis increased stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, and related parameters, showing a higher photosynthetic capacity in these plants. This study demonstrates a better performance of AM root cells in water transport under water deficit, which is connected to the shoot physiological performance in terms of photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Quiroga
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Gorka Erice
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Lei Ding
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - François Chaumont
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), 18008, Granada, Spain
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Singh RK, Shweta S, Muthamilarasan M, Rani R, Prasad M. Study on aquaporins of Setaria italica suggests the involvement of SiPIP3;1 and SiSIP1;1 in abiotic stress response. Funct Integr Genomics 2019; 19:587-596. [PMID: 30759293 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-018-00653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins are versatile proteins involved in several biological as well as molecular functions, and they have been extensively studied in various plant systems. Increasing evidences indicate their role in biotic and abiotic stresses, and therefore, studying these proteins in a naturally stress-tolerant crop would provide further insights into the roles of this important protein family. Given this, the present study was performed in foxtail millet (Setaria italica), a model plant for studying biofuel, stress tolerance, and C4 photosynthetic traits. The study identified 12 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), 11 tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), 13 NOD26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), and 3 small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs) in foxtail millet. The identified proteins and their corresponding genes were characterized using in silico approaches such as chromosomal localization, analysis of gene and protein properties, phylogenetic analysis, promoter analysis, and RNA-seq-derived expression profiling. The candidate genes identified through these analyses were studied for their expression in response to abiotic stresses (dehydration, salinity, and heat) as well as hormone treatments (abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid) in two contrasting cultivars of foxtail millet. The study showed that SiPIP3;1 and SiSIP1;1 were differentially expressed in both the cultivars in response to stress and hormone treatments. Overexpression of these genes in a heterologous yeast system also demonstrated that the transgenic cells were able to tolerate dehydration as well as salt stress which suggests the involvement of these proteins in the tolerance mechanism. Overall, the present study provides insights into structure and organization of the aquaporin gene family in foxtail millet and highlights the potential candidate genes for further functional characterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumar Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shweta Shweta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | | | - Rekha Rani
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Medina S, Vicente R, Nieto-Taladriz MT, Aparicio N, Chairi F, Vergara-Diaz O, Araus JL. The Plant-Transpiration Response to Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) in Durum Wheat Is Associated With Differential Yield Performance and Specific Expression of Genes Involved in Primary Metabolism and Water Transport. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1994. [PMID: 30697225 PMCID: PMC6341309 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of plant transpiration was proposed as a key factor affecting transpiration efficiency and agronomical adaptation of wheat to water-limited Mediterranean environments. However, to date no studies have related this trait to crop performance in the field. In this study, the transpiration response to increasing vapor pressure deficit (VPD) of modern Spanish semi-dwarf durum wheat lines was evaluated under controlled conditions at vegetative stage, and the agronomical performance of the same set of lines was assessed at grain filling as well as grain yield at maturity, in Mediterranean environments ranging from water stressed to good agronomical conditions. A group of linear-transpiration response (LTR) lines exhibited better performance in grain yield and biomass compared to segmented-transpiration response (STR) lines, particularly in the wetter environments, whereas the reverse occurred only in the most stressed trial. LTR lines generally exhibited better water status (stomatal conductance) and larger green biomass (vegetation indices) during the reproductive stage than STR lines. In both groups, the responses to growing conditions were associated with the expression levels of dehydration-responsive transcription factors (DREB) leading to different performances of primary metabolism-related enzymes. Thus, the response of LTR lines under fair to good conditions was associated with higher transcription levels of genes involved in nitrogen (GS1 and GOGAT) and carbon (RCBL) metabolism, as well as water transport (TIP1.1). In conclusion, modern durum wheat lines differed in their response to water loss, the linear transpiration seemed to favor uptake and transport of water and nutrients, and photosynthetic metabolism led to higher grain yield except for very harsh drought conditions. The transpiration response to VPD may be a trait to further explore when selecting adaptation to specific water conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Medina
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nieves Aparicio
- Agricultural Technology Institute of Castilla and León (ITACYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Fadia Chairi
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Omar Vergara-Diaz
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Araus
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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Torralbo F, González-Moro MB, Baroja-Fernández E, Aranjuelo I, González-Murua C. Differential Regulation of Stomatal Conductance as a Strategy to Cope With Ammonium Fertilizer Under Ambient Versus Elevated CO 2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:597. [PMID: 31178873 PMCID: PMC6542952 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
While nitrogen (N) derived from ammonium would be energetically less expensive than nitrate-derived N, the use of ammonium-based fertilizer is limited by the potential for toxicity symptoms. Nevertheless, previous studies have shown that exposure to elevated CO2 favors ammonium assimilation in plants. However, little is known about the impact of different forms of N fertilizer on stomatal opening and their consequent effects on CO2 and H2O diffusion in wheat plants exposed to ambient and elevated CO2. In this article, we have examined the response of the photosynthetic machinery of durum wheat (Triticum durum, var. Amilcar) grown with different types of N fertilizer (NO3 -, NH4 +, and NH4NO3) at 400 versus 700 ppm of CO2. Alongside gas exchange and photochemical parameters, the expression of genes involved in CO2 (PIP1.1 and PIP2.3) and H2O (TIP1) diffusion as well as key C and N primary metabolism enzymes and metabolites were studied. Our results show that at 400 ppm CO2, wheat plants fertilized with ammonium as the N source had stress symptoms and a strong reduction in stomatal conductance, which negatively affected photosynthetic rates. The higher levels of PIP1.1 and PIP2.3 expression in ammonium-fertilized plants at 400 ppm CO2 might reflect the need to overcome limitations to the CO2 supply to chloroplasts due to restrictions in stomatal conductance. This stomatal limitation might be associated with a strategy to reduce ammonium transport toward leaves. On the other hand, ammonium-fertilized plants at elevated CO2 did not show stress symptoms, and no differences were detected in stomatal opening or water use efficiency (WUE). Moreover, similar gene expression of the aquaporins TIP1, PIP1.1, and PIP2.3 in ammonium-fertilized plants grown at 700 ppm compared to nitrate and ammonium nitrate plants would suggest that an adjustment in CO2 and H2O diffusion is not required. Therefore, in the absence of a stress context triggered by elevated CO2, ammonium- and ammonium nitrate-fertilized plants were able to increase their photosynthetic rates, which were translated eventually into higher leaf protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Torralbo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
- *Correspondence: Fernando Torralbo,
| | | | | | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB)-CSIC, Mutilva, Spain
- Iker Aranjuelo,
| | - Carmen González-Murua
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
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31
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Molecular insights into the plasma membrane intrinsic proteins roles for abiotic stress and metalloids tolerance and transport in plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40502-018-0425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Madrid-Espinoza J, Brunel-Saldias N, Guerra FP, Gutiérrez A, Del Pozo A. Genome-Wide Identification and Transcriptional Regulation of Aquaporin Genes in Bread Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) under Water Stress. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9100497. [PMID: 30326657 PMCID: PMC6210132 DOI: 10.3390/genes9100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane proteins essential for controlling the flow of water and other molecules required for development and stress tolerance in plants, including important crop species such as wheat (Triticum aestivum). In this study, we utilized a genomic approach for analyzing the information about AQPs available in public databases to characterize their structure and function. Furthermore, we validated the expression of a suite of AQP genes, at the transcriptional level, including accessions with contrasting responses to drought, different organs and water stress levels. We found 65 new AQP genes, from which 60% are copies expanded by polyploidization. Sequence analysis of the AQP genes showed that the purifying selection pressure acted on duplicate genes, which was related to a high conservation of the functions. This situation contrasted with the expression patterns observed for different organs, developmental stages or genotypes under water deficit conditions, which indicated functional divergence at transcription. Expression analyses on contrasting genotypes showed high gene transcription from Tonoplast Intrinsic Protein 1 (TIP1) and 2 (TIP2), and Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Protein 1 (PIP1) and 2 (PIP2) subfamilies in roots and from TIP1 and PIP1 subfamilies in leaves. Interestingly, during severe drought stress, 4 TIP genes analyzed in leaves of the tolerant accession reached up to 15-fold the level observed at the susceptible genotype, suggesting a positive relationship with drought tolerance. The obtained results extend our understanding of the structure and function of AQPs, particularly under water stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Madrid-Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Nidia Brunel-Saldias
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- PIEI Adaptación de la Agricultura al Cambio Climático (A2C2), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Fernando P Guerra
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biotecnología Forestal, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Adelina Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biotecnología Forestal, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
| | - Alejandro Del Pozo
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
- PIEI Adaptación de la Agricultura al Cambio Climático (A2C2), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
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Guerrero J, Andrello M, Burgarella C, Manel S. Soil environment is a key driver of adaptation in Medicago truncatula: new insights from landscape genomics. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:378-390. [PMID: 29696659 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Spatial differences in environmental selective pressures interact with the genomes of organisms, ultimately leading to local adaptation. Landscape genomics is an emergent research area that uncovers genome-environment associations, thus allowing researchers to identify candidate loci for adaptation to specific environmental variables. In the present study, we used latent factor mixed models (LFMMs) and Moran spectral outlier detection/randomization (MSOD-MSR) to identify candidate loci for adaptation to 10 environmental variables (climatic, soil and atmospheric) among 43 515 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 202 accessions of the model legume Medicago truncatula. Soil variables were associated with a large number of candidate loci identified through both LFMMs and MSOD-MSR. Genes tagged by candidate loci associated with drought and salinity are involved in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses, while those tagged by candidates associated with soil nitrogen and atmospheric nitrogen, participate in the legume-rhizobia symbiosis. Candidate SNPs identified through both LFMMs and MSOD-MSR explained up to 56% of variance in flowering traits. Our findings highlight the importance of soil in driving adaptation in the system and elucidate the basis of evolutionary potential of M. truncatula to respond to global climate change and anthropogenic disruption of the nitrogen cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Guerrero
- CEFE-CNRS, Centre D'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive, Route de Mende, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Marco Andrello
- CEFE-CNRS, Centre D'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive, Route de Mende, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Concetta Burgarella
- UMR DIADE Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), Centre de Montpellier, BP 64501, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- UMR AGAP Centre de Coopération International en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Avenue Agropolis, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Stephanie Manel
- CEFE-CNRS, Centre D'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive, Route de Mende, 34090, Montpellier, France
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Merlaen B, De Keyser E, Van Labeke MC. Identification and substrate prediction of new Fragaria x ananassa aquaporins and expression in different tissues and during strawberry fruit development. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:20. [PMID: 29619231 PMCID: PMC5880810 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The newly identified aquaporin coding sequences presented here pave the way for further insights into the plant-water relations in the commercial strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). Aquaporins are water channel proteins that allow water to cross (intra)cellular membranes. In Fragaria x ananassa, few of them have been identified hitherto, hampering the exploration of the water transport regulation at cellular level. Here, we present new aquaporin coding sequences belonging to different subclasses: plasma membrane intrinsic proteins subtype 1 and subtype 2 (PIP1 and PIP2) and tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIP). The classification is based on phylogenetic analysis and is confirmed by the presence of conserved residues. Substrate-specific signature sequences (SSSSs) and specificity-determining positions (SDPs) predict the substrate specificity of each new aquaporin. Expression profiling in leaves, petioles and developing fruits reveals distinct patterns, even within the same (sub)class. Expression profiles range from leaf-specific expression over constitutive expression to fruit-specific expression. Both upregulation and downregulation during fruit ripening occur. Substrate specificity and expression profiles suggest that functional specialization exists among aquaporins belonging to a different but also to the same (sub)class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Merlaen
- Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Keyser
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Marie-Christine Van Labeke
- Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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35
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Banavath JN, Chakradhar T, Pandit V, Konduru S, Guduru KK, Akila CS, Podha S, Puli COR. Stress Inducible Overexpression of AtHDG11 Leads to Improved Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance in Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). Front Chem 2018; 6:34. [PMID: 29552555 PMCID: PMC5840212 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut is an important oilseed and food legume cultivated as a rain-fed crop in semi-arid tropics. Drought and high salinity are the major abiotic stresses limiting the peanut productivity in this region. Development of drought and salt tolerant peanut varieties with improved yield potential using biotechnological approach is highly desirable to improve the peanut productivity in marginal geographies. As abiotic stress tolerance and yield represent complex traits, engineering of regulatory genes to produce abiotic stress-resilient transgenic crops appears to be a viable approach. In the present study, we developed transgenic peanut plants expressing an Arabidopsis homeodomain-leucine zipper transcription factor (AtHDG11) under stress inducible rd29A promoter. A stress-inducible expression of AtHDG11 in three independent homozygous transgenic peanut lines resulted in improved drought and salt tolerance through up-regulation of known stress responsive genes (LEA, HSP70, Cu/Zn SOD, APX, P5CS, NCED1, RRS5, ERF1, NAC4, MIPS, Aquaporin, TIP, ELIP) in the stress gene network, antioxidative enzymes, free proline along with improved water use efficiency traits such as longer root system, reduced stomatal density, higher chlorophyll content, increased specific leaf area, improved photosynthetic rates, and increased intrinsic instantaneous WUE. Transgenic peanut plants displayed high yield compared to non-transgenic plants under both drought and salt stress conditions. Holistically, our study demonstrates the potentiality of stress-induced expression of AtHDG11 to improve the drought, salt tolerance in peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanna N. Banavath
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, India
| | | | - Varakumar Pandit
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, India
| | - Sravani Konduru
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, India
| | - Krishna K. Guduru
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, India
| | - Chandra S. Akila
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, India
| | - Sudhakar Podha
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India
| | - Chandra O. R. Puli
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, India
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36
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Martínez-Ballesta MDC, García-Gomez P, Yepes-Molina L, Guarnizo AL, Teruel JA, Carvajal M. Plasma membrane aquaporins mediates vesicle stability in broccoli. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192422. [PMID: 29420651 PMCID: PMC5805300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of in vitro membrane vesicles is attractive because of possible applications in therapies. Here we aimed to compare the stability and functionality of plasma membrane vesicles extracted from control and salt-treated broccoli. The impact of the amount of aquaporins was related to plasma membrane osmotic water permeability and the stability of protein secondary structure. Here, we describe for first time an increase in plant aquaporins acetylation under high salinity. Higher osmotic water permeability in NaCl vesicles has been related to higher acetylation, upregulation of aquaporins, and a more stable environment to thermal denaturation. Based on our findings, we propose that aquaporins play an important role in vesicle stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria del Carmen Martínez-Ballesta
- Aquaporin Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Gomez
- Aquaporin Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lucía Yepes-Molina
- Aquaporin Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Angel L. Guarnizo
- Aquaporin Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - José A. Teruel
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporin Group, Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Sonah H, Deshmukh RK, Labbé C, Bélanger RR. Analysis of aquaporins in Brassicaceae species reveals high-level of conservation and dynamic role against biotic and abiotic stress in canola. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2771. [PMID: 28584277 PMCID: PMC5459863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are of vital importance in the cellular transport system of all living organisms. In this study, genome-wide identification, distribution, and characterization of AQPs were determined in Arabidopsis lyrata, Capsella grandiflora, C. rubella, Eutrema salsugineum, Brassica rapa, B. oleracea, and B. napus (canola). Classification and phylogeny of AQPs revealed the loss of XIPs and NIP-IIIs in all species. Characterization of distinctive AQP features showed a high level of conservation in spacing between NPA-domains, and selectivity filters. Interestingly, TIP3s were found to be highly expressed in developing seeds, suggesting their role in seed desiccation. Analysis of available RNA-seq data obtained under biotic and abiotic stresses led to the identification of AQPs involved in stress tolerance mechanisms in canola. In addition, analysis of the effect of ploidy level, and resulting gene dose effect performed with the different combinations of Brassica A and C genomes revealed that more than 70% of AQPs expression were dose-independent, thereby supporting their role in stress alleviation. This first in-depth characterization of Brassicaceae AQPs highlights transport mechanisms and related physiological processes that could be exploited in breeding programs of stress-tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humira Sonah
- Département de phytologie-Faculté des Sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Rupesh K Deshmukh
- Département de phytologie-Faculté des Sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Labbé
- Département de phytologie-Faculté des Sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Richard R Bélanger
- Département de phytologie-Faculté des Sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
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38
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Chen Y, Sun SK, Tang Z, Liu G, Moore KL, Maathuis FJM, Miller AJ, McGrath SP, Zhao FJ. The Nodulin 26-like intrinsic membrane protein OsNIP3;2 is involved in arsenite uptake by lateral roots in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3007-3016. [PMID: 28505352 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the Nodulin 26-like intrinsic membrane protein (NIP) Lsi1 (OsNIP2;1) is involved in arsenite [As(III)] uptake in rice (Oryza sativa). However, the role of other rice NIPs in As(III) accumulation in planta remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role OsNIP3;2 in As(III) uptake in rice. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, OsNIP3;2 showed a high transport activity for As(III). Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that the expression of OsNIP3;2 was suppressed by 5 µM As(III), but enhanced by 20 and 100 µM As(III). Transgenic rice plants expressing OsNIP3;2pro-GUS showed that the gene was predominantly expressed in the lateral roots and the stele region of the primary roots. Transient expression of OsNIP3;2:GFP fusion protein in rice protoplasts showed that the protein was localized in the plasma membrane. Knockout of OsNIP3;2 significantly decreased As concentration in the roots, but had little effect on shoot As concentration. Synchrotron microfocus X-ray fluorescence showed decreased As accumulation in the stele of the lateral roots in the mutants compared with wild-type. Our results indicate that OsNIP3;2 is involved in As(III) uptake by lateral roots, but its contribution to As accumulation in the shoots is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Sheng-Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guidong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Katie L Moore
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Antony J Miller
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Steve P McGrath
- Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Wang L, Liu Y, Feng S, Yang J, Li D, Zhang J. Roles of Plasmalemma Aquaporin Gene StPIP1 in Enhancing Drought Tolerance in Potato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:616. [PMID: 28487712 PMCID: PMC5403905 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Survival and mortality of plants in response to severe drought may be related to carbon starvation, but little is known about how plasma membrane intrinsic proteins may help alleviate the drought-induced damage. Here, we determined the roles of plasmalemma aquaporin gene in improving plant water status, maintaining carbon accumulation, and thereby enhancing drought tolerance. Seven StPIP1 transformed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) lines (namely T1, T2…T7) were compared with non-transgenic control plant at molecule and whole-plant levels. The relative expression of StPIP1 gene was found in leaves, stems and roots, with the most abundant expression being in the roots. The transgenic lines T6 and T7 had the highest StPIP1 expression, averaging 7.2 times that of the control and the greatest differences occurred 48 h after mannitol osmotic stress treatment. Using an evaluation index to quantifying the degree of drought tolerance, we found that the StPIP1 transgenic lines T6 and T7 had the highest drought tolerance, averaging 8.5 times that of the control. Measured at 30 days in drought stress treatment, the control plant decreased net photosynthetic rate by 33 and 56%, respectively, under moderate and severe stresses; also decreased stomatal conductance by 39 and 65%; and lowered transpiration rate by 49 and 69%, compared to the no-stress treatment, whereas the transgenic lines T6 and T7 maintained a relatively stable level with slight decreases in these properties. The constitutive overexpression of StPIP1 in potato improved plant water use efficiency and increased nonstructural carbohydrate concentration, which helped alleviate carbon starvation and minimized the loss of biomass and tuber yield due to drought stress. We conclude that the expression of StPIPs improves overall water relations in the plant and helps maintain photosynthesis and stomatal conductance; these help minimize carbon starvation and enhance the whole plant tolerance to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Shoujiang Feng
- Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou, China
| | - Jiangwei Yang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Agronomy, Longdong UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Junlian Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
- Department of Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
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NIP1;2 is a plasma membrane-localized transporter mediating aluminum uptake, translocation, and tolerance in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:5047-5052. [PMID: 28439024 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618557114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the aquaporin (AQP) family have been suggested to transport aluminum (Al) in plants; however, the Al form transported by AQPs and the roles of AQPs in Al tolerance remain elusive. Here we report that NIP1;2, a plasma membrane-localized member of the Arabidopsis nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein (NIP) subfamily of the AQP family, facilitates Al-malate transport from the root cell wall into the root symplasm, with subsequent Al xylem loading and root-to-shoot translocation, which are critical steps in an internal Al tolerance mechanism in Arabidopsis We found that NIP1;2 transcripts are expressed mainly in the root tips, and that this expression is enhanced by Al but not by other metal stresses. Mutations in NIP1;2 lead to hyperaccumulation of toxic Al3+ in the root cell wall, inhibition of root-to-shoot Al translocation, and a significant reduction in Al tolerance. NIP1;2 facilitates the transport of Al-malate, but not Al3+ ions, in both yeast and Arabidopsis We demonstrate that the formation of the Al-malate complex in the root tip apoplast is a prerequisite for NIP1;2-mediated Al removal from the root cell wall, and that this requires a functional root malate exudation system mediated by the Al-activated malate transporter, ALMT1. Taken together, these findings reveal a critical linkage between the previously identified Al exclusion mechanism based on root malate release and an internal Al tolerance mechanism identified here through the coordinated function of NIP1;2 and ALMT1, which is required for Al removal from the root cell wall, root-to-shoot Al translocation, and overall Al tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Zargar SM, Nagar P, Deshmukh R, Nazir M, Wani AA, Masoodi KZ, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R. Aquaporins as potential drought tolerance inducing proteins: Towards instigating stress tolerance. J Proteomics 2017; 169:233-238. [PMID: 28412527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are primarily involved in maintaining cellular water homeostasis. Their role in diverse physiological processes has fascinated plant scientists for more than a decade, particularly concerning abiotic stresses. Increasing examples of evidence in various crop plants indicate that the AQPs are responsible for precise regulation of water movement and consequently play a crucial role in the drought stress tolerance. Since drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting agricultural production worldwide, it has become a critical agenda to focus research on the development of drought tolerant crop plants. AQPs can act as key candidate molecules to confront this issue. Hence, there is an important need to explore the potential of AQPs by understanding the molecular mechanisms and pathways through which they induce drought tolerance. Moreover, the signalling network/s involved in such pathways needs to be mined and understood correctly, and that may lead to the development of drought tolerance in crop plants. In the present review, opportunity and challenges regarding the efficient utilization of AQP-related information is presented and discussed. The complied information and the discussion will be helpful for designing future experiments and to set the specific goals for the enhancement of drought tolerance in crop plants. Biological Significance Knowledge on the role of AQPs in maintaining cellular water homeostasis has given new hope for developing drought tolerance in crop plants. Since drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting agricultural production worldwide, it has become a critical agenda to focus research on the development of drought-tolerant crop plants. AQPs can act as key candidate molecules to solve this problem through genetic engineering. For this, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms and inter-related pathways through which AQPs induce drought tolerance and to explore the signaling network/s involved in such pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Division of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025, India.
| | - Preeti Nagar
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Departement de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Muslima Nazir
- Division of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025, India
| | - Aijaz Ahmad Wani
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Khalid Zaffar Masoodi
- Division of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025, India
| | - Ganesh Kumar Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO 13265, Kathmandu, Nepal; GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Pvt. Ltd., Adarsh Nagar-13, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO 13265, Kathmandu, Nepal; GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Pvt. Ltd., Adarsh Nagar-13, Birgunj, Nepal; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
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Vatansever R, Ozyigit II, Filiz E, Gozukara N. Genome-wide exploration of silicon (Si) transporter genes, Lsi1 and Lsi2 in plants; insights into Si-accumulation status/capacity of plants. Biometals 2017; 30:185-200. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-9992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Plant Aquaporins and Mycorrhizae: Their Regulation and Involvement in Plant Physiology and Performance. PLANT AQUAPORINS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-49395-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Essential and Beneficial Trace Elements in Plants, and Their Transport in Roots: a Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:464-482. [PMID: 27687587 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The essentiality of 14 mineral elements so far have been reported in plant nutrition. Eight of these elements were known as micronutrients due to their lower concentrations in plants (usually ≤100 mg/kg/dw). However, it is still challenging to mention an exact number of plant micronutrients since some elements have not been strictly proposed yet either as essential or beneficial. Micronutrients participate in very diverse metabolic processes, including from the primary and secondary metabolism to the cell defense, and from the signal transduction to the gene regulation, energy metabolism, and hormone perception. Thus, the attempt to understand the molecular mechanism(s) behind their transport has great importance in terms of basic and applied plant sciences. Moreover, their deficiency or toxicity also caused serious disease symptoms in plants, even plant destruction if not treated, and many people around the world suffer from the plant-based dietary deficiencies or metal toxicities. In this sense, shedding some light on this issue, the 13 mineral elements (Fe, B, Cu, Mn, Mo, Si, Zn, Ni, Cl, Se, Na, Al, and Co), required by plants at trace amounts, has been reviewed with the primary focus on the transport proteins (transporters/channels) in plant roots. So, providing the compiled but extensive information about the structural and functional roles of micronutrient transport genes/proteins in plant roots.
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He F, Zhang H, Tang M. Aquaporin gene expression and physiological responses of Robinia pseudoacacia L. to the mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and drought stress. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:311-23. [PMID: 26590998 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-015-0670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and drought stress on aquaporin (AQP) gene expression, water status, and photosynthesis was investigated in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). Seedlings were grown in potted soil inoculated without or with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis, under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Six full-length AQP complementary DNAs (cDNAs) were isolated from Robinia pseudoacacia, named RpTIP1;1, RpTIP1;3, RpTIP2;1, RpPIP1;1, RpPIP1;3, and RpPIP2;1. A phylogenetic analysis of deduced amino acid sequences demonstrated that putative proteins coded by these RpAQP genes belong to the water channel protein family. Expression analysis revealed higher RpPIP expression in roots while RpTIP expression was higher in leaves, except for RpTIP1;3. AM symbiosis regulated host plant AQPs, and the expression of RpAQP genes in mycorrhizal plants depended on soil water condition and plant tissue. Positive effects were observed for plant physiological parameters in AM plants, which had higher dry mass and lower water saturation deficit and electrolyte leakage than non-AM plants. Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation also slightly increased leaf net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance under well-watered and drought stress conditions. These findings suggest that AM symbiosis can enhance the drought tolerance in Robinia pseudoacacia plants by regulating the expression of RpAQP genes, and by improving plant biomass, tissue water status, and leaf photosynthesis in host seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei He
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoqiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Tang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Kong X, Luo Z, Dong H, Eneji AE, Li W. H2O2 and ABA signaling are responsible for the increased Na+ efflux and water uptake in Gossypium hirsutum L. roots in the non-saline side under non-uniform root zone salinity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2247-2261. [PMID: 26862153 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-uniform root salinity increases the Na(+)efflux, water use, and growth of the root in non-saline side, which may be regulated by some form of signaling induced by the high-salinity side. However, the signaling and its specific function have remained unknown. Using a split-root system to simulate a non-uniform root zone salinity in Gossypium hirsutum L., we showed that the up-regulated expression of sodium efflux-related genes (SOS1, SOS2, PMA1, and PMA2) and water uptake-related genes (PIP1 and PIP2) was possibly involved in the elevated Na(+) efflux and water use in the the roots in the non-saline side. The increased level of indole acetic acid (IAA) in the non-saline side was the likely cause of the increased root growth. Also, the abscisic acid (ABA) and H2O2 contents in roots in the non-saline side increased, possibly due to the increased expression of their key biosynthesis genes, NCED and RBOHC, and the decreased expression of ABA catabolic CYP707A genes. Exogenous ABA added to the non-saline side induced H2O2 generation by up-regulating the RBOHC gene, but this was decreased by exogenous fluridone. Exogenous H2O2 added to the non-saline side reduced the ABA content by down-regulating NCED genes, which can be induced by diphenylene iodonium (DPI) treatment in the non-saline side, suggesting a feedback mechanism between ABA and H2O2.Both exogenous ABA and H2O2 enhanced the expression of SOS1, PIP1;7 ,PIP2;2, and PIP2;10 genes, but these were down-regulated by fluridone and DPI, suggesting that H2O2 and ABA are important signals for increasing root Na(+) efflux and water uptake in the roots in the non-saline side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqiang Kong
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Hezhong Dong
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - A Egrinya Eneji
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Weijiang Li
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China
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The Roles of Aquaporins in Plant Stress Responses. J Dev Biol 2016; 4:jdb4010009. [PMID: 29615577 PMCID: PMC5831814 DOI: 10.3390/jdb4010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are membrane channel proteins ubiquitously present in all kingdoms of life. Although aquaporins were originally discovered as water channels, their roles in the transport of small neutral solutes, gasses, and metal ions are now well established. Plants contain the largest number and greatest diversity of aquaporin homologs with diverse subcellular localization patterns, gating properties, and solute specificity. The roles of aquaporins in physiological functions throughout plant growth and development are well known. As an integral regulator of plant–water relations, they are presumed to play an important role in plant defense responses against biotic and abiotic stressors. This review highlights involvement of various aquaporin homologs in plant stress responses against a variety of environmental stresses that disturb plant cell osmotic balance and nutrient homeostasis.
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Min H, Chen C, Wei S, Shang X, Sun M, Xia R, Liu X, Hao D, Chen H, Xie Q. Identification of Drought Tolerant Mechanisms in Maize Seedlings Based on Transcriptome Analysis of Recombination Inbred Lines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1080. [PMID: 27507977 PMCID: PMC4961006 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Zea mays is an important crop that is sensitive to drought stress, but survival rates and growth status remain strong in some drought-tolerant lines under stress conditions. Under drought conditions, many biological processes, such as photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and energy metabolism, are suppressed, while little is known about how the transcripts of genes respond to drought stress in the genome-wide rang in the seedling stage. In our study, the transcriptome profiles of two maize recombination inbred lines (drought-tolerant RIL70 and drought-sensitive RIL93) were analyzed at different drought stages to elucidate the dynamic mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in maize seedlings during drought conditions. Different numbers of differentially expressed genes presented in the different stages of drought stress in the two RILs, for the numbers of RIL93 vs. RIL70 were: 9 vs. 358, 477 vs. 103, and 5207 vs. 152 respectively in DT1, DT2, and DT5. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that in the initial drought-stressed stage, the primary differentially expressed genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and transmembrane transport biological processes were overrepresented in RIL70 compared to RIL93. On the contrary, differentially expressed genes profiles presented at 2 and 5 day-treatments, the primary differentially expressed genes involved in response to stress, protein folding, oxidation-reduction, photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, were overrepresented in RIL93 compared to RIL70. In addition, the transcription of genes encoding key members of the cell cycle and cell division processes were blocked, but ABA- and programmed cell death-related processes responded positively in RIL93. In contrast, the expression of cell cycle genes, ABA- and programmed cell death-related genes was relatively stable in RIL70. The results we obtained supported the working hypothesis that signaling events associated with turgor homeostasis, as established by cell wall biosynthesis regulation- and aquaporin-related genes, responded early in RIL70, which led to more efficient detoxification signaling (response to stress, protein folding, oxidation-reduction) during drought stress. This energy saving response at the early stages of drought should facilitate more cell activity under stress conditions and result in drought tolerance in RIL70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Min
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Chengxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Shaowei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Meiyun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Ran Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- Argo-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun, China
| | - Dongyun Hao
- Argo-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun, China
| | - Huabang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Xie
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Vulavala VKR, Elbaum R, Yermiyahu U, Fogelman E, Kumar A, Ginzberg I. Silicon fertilization of potato: expression of putative transporters and tuber skin quality. PLANTA 2016; 243:217-29. [PMID: 26384982 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A silicon transporter homolog was upregulated by Si fertilization and drought in potato roots and leaves. High Si in tuber skin resulted in anatomical and compositional changes suggesting delayed skin maturation. Silicon (Si) fertilization has beneficial effects on plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Potatoes, low Si accumulators, are susceptible to yield loss due to suboptimal growth conditions; thus Si fertilization may contribute to crop improvement. The effect of Si fertilization on transcript levels of putative transporters, Si uptake and tuber quality was studied in potatoes grown in a glasshouse and fertilized with sodium silicate, under normal and drought-stress conditions. Anatomical studies and Raman spectroscopic analyses of tuber skin were conducted. A putative transporter, StLsi1, with conserved amino acid domains for Si transport, was isolated. The StLsi1 transcript was detected in roots and leaves and its level increased twofold following Si fertilization, and about fivefold in leaves upon Si × drought interaction. Nevertheless, increased Si accumulation was detected only in tuber peel of Si-fertilized plants--probably due to passive movement of Si from the soil solution--where it modified skin cell morphology and cell-wall composition. Compared to controls, skin cell area was greater, suberin biosynthetic genes were upregulated and skin cell walls were enriched with oxidized aromatic moieties suggesting enhanced lignification and suberization. The accumulating data suggest delayed tuber skin maturation following Si fertilization. Despite StLsi1 upregulation, low accumulation of Si in roots and leaves may result from low transport activity. Study of Si metabolism in potato, a major staple food, would contribute to the improvement of other low Si crops to ensure food security under changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya K R Vulavala
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, 5025001, Bet Dagan, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rivka Elbaum
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Uri Yermiyahu
- Institute of Soil and Water, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Center, Negev, 85280, Israel
| | - Edna Fogelman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, 5025001, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, 5025001, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Idit Ginzberg
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, 5025001, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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Dixit G, Singh AP, Kumar A, Singh PK, Kumar S, Dwivedi S, Trivedi PK, Pandey V, Norton GJ, Dhankher OP, Tripathi RD. Sulfur mediated reduction of arsenic toxicity involves efficient thiol metabolism and the antioxidant defense system in rice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 298:241-51. [PMID: 26073379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination is a global issue, with South Asia and South East Asia being worst affected. Rice is major crop in these regions and can potentially pose serious health risks due to its known As accumulation potential. Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient and a vital element to combat As toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of S with regards to As toxicity in rice under different S regimes. To achieve this aim, plants were stressed with AsIII and AsV under three different S conditions (low sulfur (0.5mM), normal sulfur (3.5mM) and high sulfur (5.0mM)). High S treatment resulted in increased root As accumulation, likely due to As complexation through enhanced synthesis of thiolic ligands, such as non-protein thiols and phytochelatins, which restricted As translocation to the shoots. Enzymes of S assimilatory pathways and downstream thiolic metabolites were up-regulated with increased S supplementation; however, to maintain optimum concentrations of S, transcript levels of sulfate transporters were down-regulated at high S concentration. Oxidative stress generated due to As was counterbalanced in the high S treatment by reducing hydrogen peroxide concentration and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. The high S concentration resulted in reduced transcript levels of Lsi2 (a known transporter of As). This reduction in Lsi2 expression level is a probable reason for low shoot As accumulation, which has potential implications in reducing the risk of As in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Dixit
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Pal Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Smita Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Dwivedi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Pandey
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gareth John Norton
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, Paige Laboratory Room 318 (Office) and Room 320 (Lab), 161Holdsworth Way, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Rudra Deo Tripathi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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