1
|
Zaghdoud C, Ollio I, Solano CJ, Ochoa J, Suardiaz J, Fernández JA, Martínez Ballesta MDC. Red LED Light Improves Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Seed Radicle Emergence and Growth through the Modulation of Aquaporins, Hormone Homeostasis, and Metabolite Remobilization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054779. [PMID: 36902208 PMCID: PMC10002511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Red LED light (R LED) is an efficient tool to improve seed germination and plant growth under controlled environments since it is more readily absorbed by photoreceptors' phytochromes compared to other wavelengths of the spectrum. In this work, the effect of R LED on the radicle emergence and growth (Phase III of germination) of pepper seeds was evaluated. Thus, the impact of R LED on water transport through different intrinsic membrane proteins, via aquaporin (AQP) isoforms, was determined. In addition, the remobilization of distinct metabolites such as amino acids, sugars, organic acids, and hormones was analysed. R LED induced a higher germination speed index, regulated by an increased water uptake. PIP2;3 and PIP2;5 aquaporin isoforms were highly expressed and could contribute to a faster and more effective hydration of embryo tissues, leading to a reduction of the germination time. By contrast, TIP1;7, TIP1;8, TIP3;1 and TIP3;2 gene expressions were reduced in R LED-treated seeds, pointing to a lower need for protein remobilization. NIP4;5 and XIP1;1 were also involved in radicle growth but their role needs to be elucidated. In addition, R LED induced changes in amino acids and organic acids as well as sugars. Therefore, an advanced metabolome oriented to a higher energetic metabolism was observed, conditioning better seed germination performance together with a rapid water flux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chokri Zaghdoud
- Bureau de Transfert de Technologie (BuTT), Université de Gafsa, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia
| | - Irene Ollio
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Cristóbal J. Solano
- División of Innovation in Telematic Systems and Electronic Technology (DINTEL), Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, s/n, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Jesús Ochoa
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Juan Suardiaz
- División of Innovation in Telematic Systems and Electronic Technology (DINTEL), Technical University of Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, s/n, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Juan A. Fernández
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Martínez Ballesta
- Ingeniería Agronómica, Technical University of Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, E-30203 Cartagena, Spain
- Recursos Fitogenéticos, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Edificio I+D+i, E-30202 Cartagena, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968-325457
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Copete E, Copete MA, Ferrandis P, Herranz JM. Seed germination in Narcissus yepesii (Amaryllidaceae): clinal variation in the morphophysiological dormancy levels. AoB Plants 2020; 12:plaa060. [PMID: 33408846 PMCID: PMC7774471 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy classes determine both population and species-level processes which can be crucial in the life cycle of many plants. However, there are no studies of a dormancy cline between levels of morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). We aimed to determine the class of seed dormancy of Narcissus yepesii exhibits in order to explore links between different dormancy levels, previously characterized in two closely related phylogenetic congeners, N. alcaracensis and N. longispathus. Experiments were carried out under both near-natural temperature and controlled laboratory conditions. The parameters calculated were mean embryo length, radicle and shoot emergence percentages. The effects of different periods of storage; and different periods with or without GA3 of warm, cold or warm plus cold were analysed. The Narcissus populations from the Baetic System of mountain ranges in south-eastern Spain show clinal variation in a northeast-southwest gradient from intermediate to non-deep complex MPD, through the coexistence of intermediate and non-deep complex MPD in N. yepesii (21 % and 74 %, respectively). In addition, 54 % of stored seeds were able to show both levels of MPD. Narcissus yepesii occupies an intermediate position between N. alcaracensis and N. longispathus in the geographical distribution and in the clinal germination ranges. It strongly suggests an evolutionary gradient, which connects the intermediate complex MPD with the non-deep complex MPD in southern Iberian daffodils. This is the first study showing a gradient in the evolution between levels of MPD. Our results demonstrate a cline in these levels in response to both an environmental gradient and genetic differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Copete
- E.T.S.I.A.M. Department of Plant Production and Agricultural Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Institute of Botany, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Miguel A Copete
- E.T.S.I.A.M. Department of Plant Production and Agricultural Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Institute of Botany, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Pablo Ferrandis
- E.T.S.I.A.M. Department of Plant Production and Agricultural Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Institute of Botany, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - José M Herranz
- E.T.S.I.A.M. Department of Plant Production and Agricultural Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Institute of Botany, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marin M, Laverack G, Matthews S, Powell AA. Germination characteristics of Rhinanthus minor influence field emergence, competitiveness and potential use in restoration projects. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2019; 21:470-479. [PMID: 29427342 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The facultative root hemi-parasite Rhinanthus minor is often used in grassland habitat restoration projects to regulate ecosystem structure and function. Its impact on community productivity and diversity as a function of resource supply, sward composition and management has been widely investigated. However, there is a lack of information about the possible influence of seed quality on the efficacy of the hemi-parasite. Ten seed lots from commercial sources were sown in the field and their germination characteristics investigated in the laboratory. Seeds from four lots were also germinated and sown in pots alongside plants of two host species, Lotus corniculatus and Holcus lanatus. Plant establishment, height and flowering density were evaluated for the hemi-parasite, while plant biomass was measured for both R. minor and its host. Two aspects of seed quality influenced the field emergence of seed lots of R. minor, the radicle emergence (%) and the length of the lag period from the beginning of imbibition to germination (mean germination time), which indicates seed vigour. A longer lag period (lower vigour) was associated with higher levels of seedling mortality and lower plant vigour, in terms of plant height and biomass accumulation and was also reflected in the parasitic impact of the seed lots. Seed quality, specifically germination and vigour, can influence the establishment, survival, subsequent plant productivity and parasitic impact of R. minor in vegetation restoration projects. Seed quality is discussed as a key factor to consider when predicting the impact of the hemi-parasite on community productivity and diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Marin
- Scotia Seeds, Brechin, UK
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - S Matthews
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - A A Powell
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sánchez-Linares L, Gavilanes-Ruíz M, Díaz-Pontones D, Guzmán-Chávez F, Calzada-Alejo V, Zurita-Villegas V, Luna-Loaiza V, Moreno-Sánchez R, Bernal-Lugo I, Sánchez-Nieto S. Early carbon mobilization and radicle protrusion in maize germination. J Exp Bot 2012; 63:4513-26. [PMID: 22611232 PMCID: PMC3421986 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Considerable amounts of information is available on the complex carbohydrates that are mobilized and utilized by the seed to support early seedling development. These events occur after radicle has protruded from the seed. However, scarce information is available on the role of the endogenous soluble carbohydrates from the embryo in the first hours of germination. The present work analysed how the soluble carbohydrate reserves in isolated maize embryos are mobilized during 6-24 h of water imbibition, an interval that exclusively embraces the first two phases of the germination process. It was found that sucrose constitutes a very significant reserve in the scutellum and that it is efficiently consumed during the time in which the adjacent embryo axis is engaged in an active metabolism. Sucrose transporter was immunolocalized in the scutellum and in vascular elements. In parallel, a cell-wall invertase activity, which hydrolyses sucrose, developed in the embryo axis, which favoured higher glucose uptake. Sucrose and hexose transporters were active in the embryo tissues, together with the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase, which was localized in all embryo regions involved in both nutrient transport and active cell elongation to support radicle extension. It is proposed that, during the initial maize germination phases, a net flow of sucrose takes place from the scutellum towards the embryo axis and regions that undergo elongation. During radicle extension, sucrose and hexose transporters, as well as H(+)-ATPase, become the fundamental proteins that orchestrate the transport of nutrients required for successful germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Sánchez-Linares
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conjunto E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, DF, México
| | - Marina Gavilanes-Ruíz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conjunto E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, DF, México
| | - David Díaz-Pontones
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa. Apartado Postal 55535, 09340, DF, México
| | - Fernando Guzmán-Chávez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conjunto E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, DF, México
| | - Viridiana Calzada-Alejo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conjunto E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, DF, México
| | - Viridiana Zurita-Villegas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conjunto E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, DF, México
| | - Viridiana Luna-Loaiza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conjunto E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, DF, México
| | - Rafael Moreno-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Tlalpan, 14080, DF, México
| | - Irma Bernal-Lugo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conjunto E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, DF, México
| | - Sobeida Sánchez-Nieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conjunto E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, DF, México
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chien CT, Chen SY, Tsai CC, Baskin JM, Baskin CC, Kuo-Huang LL. Deep simple epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of two Viburnum species, with special reference to shoot growth and development inside the seed. Ann Bot 2011; 108:13-22. [PMID: 21562028 PMCID: PMC3119608 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In seeds with deep simple epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy, warm and cold stratification are required to break dormancy of the radicle and shoot, respectively. Although the shoot remains inside the seed all winter, little is known about its growth and morphological development prior to emergence in spring. The aims of the present study were to determine the temperature requirements for radicle and shoot emergence in seeds of Viburnum betulifolium and V. parvifolium and to monitor growth of the epicotyl, plumule and cotyledons in root-emerged seeds. METHODS Fresh and pre-treated seeds of V. betulifolium and V. parvifolium were incubated under various temperature regimes and monitored for radicle and shoot emergence. Growth of the epicotyl and cotyledons at different stages was observed with dissecting and scanning electron microscopes. KEY RESULTS The optimum temperature for radicle emergence of seeds of both species, either kept continuously at a single regime or exposed to a sequence of regimes, was 20/10 °C. GA(3) had no effect on radicle emergence. Cold stratification (5 °C) was required for shoot emergence. The shoot apical meristem in fresh seeds did not form a bulge until the embryo had grown to the critical length for radicle emergence. After radicle emergence, the epicotyl--plumule and cotyledons grew slowly at 5 and 20/10 °C, and the first pair of true leaves was initiated. However, the shoot emerged only from seeds that received cold stratification. CONCLUSIONS Seeds of V. betulifolium and V. parvifolium have deep simple epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy, C(1b)B (root)-C(3) (epicotyl). Warm stratification was required to break the first part of physiological dormancy (PD), thereby allowing embryo growth and subsequently radicle emergence. Although cold stratification was not required for differentiation of the epicotyl--plumule, it was required to break the second part of PD, thereby allowing the shoot to emerge in spring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Te Chien
- Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53 Nan-Hai Road, Taipei 10066, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Ying Chen
- Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53 Nan-Hai Road, Taipei 10066, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chu Tsai
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec. 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jerry M. Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA and
| | - Carol C. Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA and
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA
| | - Ling-Long Kuo-Huang
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec. 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gimeno-Gilles C, Lelièvre E, Viau L, Malik-Ghulam M, Ricoult C, Niebel A, Leduc N, Limami AM. ABA-mediated inhibition of germination is related to the inhibition of genes encoding cell-wall biosynthetic and architecture: modifying enzymes and structural proteins in Medicago truncatula embryo axis. Mol Plant 2009; 2:108-19. [PMID: 19529818 PMCID: PMC2639729 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssn092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Radicle emergence and reserves mobilization are two distinct programmes that are thought to control germination. Both programs are influenced by abscissic acid (ABA) but how this hormone controls seed germination is still poorly known. Phenotypic and microscopic observations of the embryo axis of Medicago truncatula during germination in mitotic inhibition condition triggered by 10 microM oryzalin showed that cell division was not required to allow radicle emergence. A suppressive subtractive hybridization showed that more than 10% of up-regulated genes in the embryo axis encoded proteins related to cell-wall biosynthesis. The expression of alpha-expansins, pectin-esterase, xylogucan-endotransglycosidase, cellulose synthase, and extensins was monitored in the embryo axis of seeds germinated on water, constant and transitory ABA. These genes were overexpressed before completion of germination in the control and strongly inhibited by ABA. The expression was re-established in the ABA transitory-treatment after the seeds were transferred back on water and proceeded to germination. This proves these genes as contributors to the completion of germination and strengthen the idea that cell-wall loosening and remodeling in relation to cell expansion in the embryo axis is a determinant feature in germination. Our results also showed that ABA controls germination through the control of radicle emergence, namely by inhibiting cell-wall loosening and expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Gimeno-Gilles
- University of Angers, UMR_A 1191, Physiologie Moléculaire des Semences (PMS), 2 Bd Lavoisier, F-49045, Angers, France
| | - Eric Lelièvre
- University of Angers, UMR_A 1191, Physiologie Moléculaire des Semences (PMS), 2 Bd Lavoisier, F-49045, Angers, France
| | - Laure Viau
- University of Angers, UMR_A 1191, Physiologie Moléculaire des Semences (PMS), 2 Bd Lavoisier, F-49045, Angers, France
| | - Mustafa Malik-Ghulam
- University of Angers, UMR_A 1191, Physiologie Moléculaire des Semences (PMS), 2 Bd Lavoisier, F-49045, Angers, France
| | - Claudie Ricoult
- University of Angers, UMR_A 1191, Physiologie Moléculaire des Semences (PMS), 2 Bd Lavoisier, F-49045, Angers, France
| | - Andreas Niebel
- UMR 441 CNRS-INRA, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire des Relations Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM), Castanet-Tolosan 31326 cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Leduc
- University of Angers, UMR Sciences Agronomiques Appliqués à l'Horticulture (SAGAH), 2 Bd Lavoisier, F-49045, Angers, France
| | - Anis M. Limami
- University of Angers, UMR_A 1191, Physiologie Moléculaire des Semences (PMS), 2 Bd Lavoisier, F-49045, Angers, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail , fax +33 2 41 73 53 52, phone +33 241 73 54 46
| |
Collapse
|