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Wei X, Huang Y, Sun C. A review of effects of electromagnetic fields on ageing and ageing dependent bioeffects of electromagnetic fields. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2025; 963:178491. [PMID: 39818160 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2024] [Revised: 12/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2025] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
Thanks to the progress of science and technology, human life expectancy has dramatically increased in the past few decades, but accompanied by rapid ageing of population, resulting in increased burden on society. At the same time, the living environment, especially the electromagnetic environment, has also greatly changed due to science and technology advances. The effect of artificial electromagnetic fields (EMFs) emitted from power lines, mobile phones, wireless equipment, and other devices on ageing and ageing-related diseases are receiving increasing attention. However, the information on the relationship between EMFs and ageing and ageing related susceptibility to EMFs is fragmentary, a review is needed. Only few studies directly investigate the effect of EMFs on ageing, and we reviewed the impact of EMFs on lifespan and cellular senescence to pry whether EMFs have an effect on ageing, and reviewed the age-dependent bioeffects and health impacts of EMFs to see whether ageing would affect biological susceptibility to EMFs. The results indicated that EMFs may have an effect on longevity and cellular senescence, but the results were inconsistent which may depend on EMF types (frequency, intensity, wave shape, etc.), species, and cell lines. Ageing has an impact on the biological or health effects of EMFs; however, the results differ depending on the EMF type and the endpoint or health outcome. Age-dependent changes in free radical metabolism, ion homeostasis, gene expression, enzyme activity, and tissue biophysical properties may be the reason; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wei
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Chuan Sun
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Hospital, 310030, Hangzhou, China.
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Popovičová A, Račeková E, Martončíková M, Fabianová K, Raček A, Žideková M. Effect of microwave radiation on adult neurogenesis and behavior of prenatally exposed rats. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 17:235-244. [PMID: 39286040 PMCID: PMC11404077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Postnatal neurogenesis appears to be highly sensitive to environmental factors, including microwave electromagnetic radiation (MWR). Here, we investigated the impact of MWR during intrauterine development on juvenile and adult neurogenesis in the rostral migratory stream (RMS) and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the rat brain, as well as its effect on animal behavior. Female rats were exposed to MWR at a frequency of 2.45 GHz for 2 hours daily throughout pregnancy. The offspring of irradiated mothers survived to either juvenile age or adulthood. The brains of the rats were subjected to morphological analysis, assessing cell proliferation and death in both neurogenic regions. In the RMS, the differentiation of nitrergic neurons was also investigated. The effect of MWR on behavior was evaluated in rats surviving to adulthood. Prenatal MWR exposure caused significant changes in the number of proliferating and dying cells, depending on the age of the animals and the observed neurogenic region. In addition, MWR attenuated the maturation of nitrergic neurons in the RMS in both juvenile and adult rats. Morphological alterations in neurogenesis were accompanied by changes in animals' behavior. Affected neurogenesis and changes in animal behavior suggest a high sensitivity of the developing brain to MWR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Popovičová
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, Košice 040 01, Slovakia
| | - Enikő Račeková
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, Košice 040 01, Slovakia
| | - Marcela Martončíková
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, Košice 040 01, Slovakia
| | - Kamila Fabianová
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, Košice 040 01, Slovakia
| | - Adam Raček
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, Košice 040 01, Slovakia
| | - Monika Žideková
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, Košice 040 01, Slovakia
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He GL, Wang ZZ, Yu XT, Shen TT, Luo Z, Li P, Luo X, Tan YL, Gao P, Yang XS. The involvement of microglial CX3CR1 in heat acclimation-induced amelioration of adult hippocampal neurogenesis impairment in EMF-exposed mice. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:181-193. [PMID: 34555433 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microglial CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) has been implicated in numerous cellular mechanisms, including signalling pathways that regulate brain homoeostasis and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Specific environmental conditions can impair hippocampal neurogenesis-related cognition, learning and memory. However, the role of CX3CR1 in the neurogenic alterations resulting from the cross-tolerance protection conferred by heat acclimation (HA) against the effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure is less well understood. Here, we investigated the role of microglial CX3CR1 signalling in adult hippocampal neurogenesis induced by HA in EMF-exposed mice. We found that EMF exposure significantly decreased the number of proliferating and differentiating cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, resulting in a reduced neurogenesis rate. Moreover, alterations in the phenotypes of activated microglia and decreased expression levels of CX3CR1, but not sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), were observed in the brains of EMF-exposed mice. Remarkably, HA treatment improved microglial phenotypes, restored the expression of CX3CR1, and ameliorated the decrease in the adult hippocampal neurogenesis rate following EMF exposure. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of CX3CR1 and SIRT1 failed to restore CX3CR1 expression and ameliorate hippocampal neurogenesis impairment following HA plus EMF stimulation. These results indicate that microglial CX3CR1 is involved in the cross-tolerance protective effect of HA on adult hippocampal neurogenesis upon EMF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Lin He
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ze-Ze Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Ting Yu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Long Tan
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation Ministry of Education, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Sen Yang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Raček A, Beňová K, Arnoul P, Závodská M, Angelidis A, Cigánková V, Šimaiová V, Račeková E. Age-dependent effect of long-term microwave radiation on postnatal neurogenesis in rats: morphological and behavioral study. Physiol Res 2018. [PMID: 29527915 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Processes of adult neurogenesis can be influenced by environmental factors. Here, we investigated the effect of microwave radiation (MWR) on proliferation and cell dying in the rat rostral migratory stream (RMS) - a migration route for the neuroblasts of the subventricular zone. Adult and juvenile (two weeks old) rats were exposed to a pulsed-wave MWR at the frequency of 2.45 GHz for 1 or 3 h daily during 3 weeks. Adult rats were divided into two groups: without survival and with two weeks survival after irradiation. Juvenile rats survived till adulthood, when were tested in the light/dark test. Proliferating cells in the RMS were labeled by Ki-67; dying cells were visualized by Fluoro-Jade C histochemistry. In both groups of rats irradiated as adults we have observed significant decrease of the number of dividing cells within the RMS. Exposure of juvenile rats to MWR induced only slight decrease in proliferation, however, it strikingly affected cell death even two months following irradiation. In addition, these rats displayed locomotor hyperactivity and decreased risk assessment in adulthood. Our results suggest that the long-lasting influence of radiation is manifested by affected cell survival and changes in animals´ behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raček
- Department of Genetics and Biology University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic.
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Othman H, Ammari M, Rtibi K, Bensaid N, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Postnatal development and behavior effects of in-utero exposure of rats to radiofrequency waves emitted from conventional WiFi devices. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 52:239-247. [PMID: 28458069 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigated the effects of prenatal exposure to radiofrequency waves of conventional WiFi devices on postnatal development and behavior of rat offspring. Ten Wistar albino pregnant rats were randomly assigned to two groups (n=5). The experimental group was exposed to a 2.45GHz WiFi signal for 2h a day throughout gestation period. Control females were subjected to the same conditions as treated group without applying WiFi radiations. After delivery, the offspring was tested for physical and neurodevelopment during its 17 postnatal days (PND), then for anxiety (PND 28) and motricity (PND 40-43), as well as for cerebral oxidative stress response and cholinesterase activity in brain and serum (PND 28 and 43). Our main results showed that the in-utero WiFi exposure impaired offspring neurodevelopment during the first seventeen postnatal days without altering emotional and motor behavior at adult age. Besides, prenatal WiFi exposure induced cerebral oxidative stress imbalance (increase in malondialdehyde level (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and decrease in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities) at 28 but not 43days old, also the exposure affected acethylcolinesterase activity at both cerebral and seric levels. Thus, the current study revealed that maternal exposure to WiFi radiofrequencies led to various adverse neurological effects in the offspring by affecting neurodevelopment, cerebral stress equilibrium and cholinesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Othman
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Jarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ammari
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Jarzouna 7021, Tunisia; University of Tunis El Manar, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, 9, Rue Zouhair Essafi, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Kaïs Rtibi
- University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, Laboratory of Nutrition and Animal Physiology, B.P. 382 - 9000 Béja, Tunisia
| | - Noura Bensaid
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Jarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Mohsen Sakly
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Jarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Hafedh Abdelmelek
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Jarzouna 7021, Tunisia
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Starkey SJ. Inaccurate official assessment of radiofrequency safety by the Advisory Group on Non-ionising Radiation. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2016; 31:493-503. [PMID: 27902455 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2016-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Advisory Group on Non-ionising Radiation (AGNIR) 2012 report forms the basis of official advice on the safety of radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields in the United Kingdom and has been relied upon by health protection agencies around the world. This review describes incorrect and misleading statements from within the report, omissions and conflict of interest, which make it unsuitable for health risk assessment. The executive summary and overall conclusions did not accurately reflect the scientific evidence available. Independence is needed from the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), the group that set the exposure guidelines being assessed. This conflict of interest critically needs to be addressed for the forthcoming World Health Organisation (WHO) Environmental Health Criteria Monograph on Radiofrequency Fields. Decision makers, organisations and individuals require accurate information about the safety of RF electromagnetic signals if they are to be able to fulfil their safeguarding responsibilities and protect those for whom they have legal responsibility.
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Xu F, Bai Q, Zhou K, Ma L, Duan J, Zhuang F, Xie C, Li W, Zou P, Zhu C. Age-dependent acute interference with stem and progenitor cell proliferation in the hippocampus after exposure to 1800 MHz electromagnetic radiation. Electromagn Biol Med 2016; 36:158-166. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2016.1233886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Altunkaynak BZ, Altun G, Yahyazadeh A, Kaplan AA, Deniz OG, Türkmen AP, Önger ME, Kaplan S. Different methods for evaluating the effects of microwave radiation exposure on the nervous system. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 75:62-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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9
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Hirako A, Sun J, Furukawa S, Takeuchi T, Sugiyama A. Effect of methotrexate on rostral migratory stream in newborn rats. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1565-71. [PMID: 26136044 PMCID: PMC4710711 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-day-old rats were treated with subcutaneous injections of methotrexate (MTX) 5 mg/kg
and 150 mg/kg, and their rostral migratory streams (RMS) were examined time-dependently.
MTX treatment increased pyknotic and TUNEL-positive cells and decreased mitotic and
phospho-Histone H3-positive cells at almost all time points in the vertical arm, elbow and
horizontal arm regions of the RMS. There were more TUNEL-positive cells ratio in the MTX
150 mg/kg group than in the MTX 5 mg/kg group. Treatment with MTX 150 mg/kg decreased the
cellularity in the vertical arm region on Postnatal day (PD) 4, but that with the MTX 5
mg/kg did not. TUNEL-positive cells ratio was the highest in the vertical arm region,
followed by elbow and horizontal regions in both MTX-treated groups. TUNEL-positive cells
ratio in the vertical arm and elbow regions reached their peaks on PD 4 in both
MTX-treated groups, and both MTX-treatments significantly decreased Phospho-Histone
H3-positive cells ratio on PDs 2.5 and 3 in the vertical arm, elbow and horizontal arm
regions. The phospho-Histone H3-positive cells ratio in the vertical arm region recovered
on PD4 in the MTX 150 mg/kg group. These findings suggested that RMS required a great
amount of folic acid on PD 2 and that the folic acid-requirement differed depending on the
anatomical region of the RMS. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the
effect of MTX on the RMS and the necessity of the folic acid metabolism on RMS development
in newborn rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Hirako
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Minami 4-101 Koyama-cho, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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Kim HS, Kim YJ, Lee YH, Lee YS, Choi HD, Pack JK, Kim N, Ahn YH. Effect of whole-body exposure to the 848.5 MHz code division multiple access (CDMA) electromagnetic field on adult neurogenesis in the young, healthy rat brain. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:354-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.995382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Fabianová K, Martončíková M, Fabian D, Blaško J, Račeková E. Diverse effect of different odor stimuli on behavior and Fos protein production in the olfactory system neurogenic region of adult rats. Behav Brain Res 2014; 265:38-48. [PMID: 24485916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Previously it has been demonstrated that processes of postnatal neurogenesis in the olfactory system neurogenic region-the subventricular zone (SVZ), rostral migratory stream (RMS), and olfactory bulb (OB) can be significantly altered by different factors of an environment. However, the mechanisms involved in regulation of neurogenesis by exogenous factors in the olfactory system remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to contribute to the understanding of these mechanisms by immunohistochemical assessment of Fos protein induction in areas of adult neurogenesis. To evaluate the coordinate activation of Fos production in neurons of the olfactory system neurogenic region, a brief exposure to artificial odor (eau de Cologne) or naturalistic odor (cat odor) has been used in alert rats. Our results revealed that the effects of these odors are easily distinguishable at both the behavioral and the morphological level. Cat odor induced greater changes in anxiety level, and produced typical pattern of Fos activation in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), a brain region associated with defensive behavior. An important finding is, that next to distinct Fos expression in the OB and the AOB, Fos positive cells have been found also within the SVZ/RMS of the odor stimulated rats. Interestingly, Fos expression in the RMS was detected only after exposure to artificial odor stimulus. These results provide new evidence that some SVZ/RMS cells have complete prerequisites necessary for the Fos signal transduction cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Fabianová
- Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 04001, Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Marcela Martončíková
- Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 04001, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Dušan Fabian
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Science, Šoltésovej 4, 04001, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Juraj Blaško
- Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 04001, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Enikő Račeková
- Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 04001, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Cammaerts MC, Johansson O. Ants can be used as bio-indicators to reveal biological effects of electromagnetic waves from some wireless apparatus. Electromagn Biol Med 2013; 33:282-8. [PMID: 23977878 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2013.817336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Society is confronted with an increasing number of applications making use of wireless communication. We also notice an increasing awareness about potentially harmful effects of the related electromagnetic fields on living organisms. At present, it is not realistic to expect that wireless communication will decrease or disappear within the near future. That is why we currently are investigating the mechanisms behind these effects and the effectiveness of possible solutions. In order to be efficient and effective, we designed and validated a fast and easy test on ants - these insects being used as a biological model - for revealing the effect of wireless equipments like mobile phones, smartphones, digital enhanced cordless telephone (DECT) phones, WiFi routers and so on. This test includes quantification of ants' locomotion under natural conditions, then in the vicinity of such wireless equipments. Observations, numerical results and statistical results allow detecting any effect of a radiating source on these living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Cammaerts
- Faculté des sciences, le département de Biologie des Organismes (DBO), Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels , Belgium and
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Cammaerts MC, Rachidi Z, Bellens F, De Doncker P. Food collection and response to pheromones in an ant species exposed to electromagnetic radiation. Electromagn Biol Med 2013; 32:315-32. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2012.712877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Cammaerts MC, De Doncker P, Patris X, Bellens F, Rachidi Z, Cammaerts D. GSM 900 MHz radiation inhibits ants' association between food sites and encountered cues. Electromagn Biol Med 2012; 31:151-65. [PMID: 22268919 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2011.624661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of the acquisition and loss of the use of olfactory and visual cues were previously obtained in six experimental colonies of the ant Myrmica sabuleti meinert 1861, under normal conditions. In the present work, the same experiments were conducted on six other naive identical colonies of M. sabuleti, under electromagnetic radiation similar to those surrounding GSM and communication masts. In this situation, no association between food and either olfactory or visual cues occurred. After a recovery period, the ants were able to make such an association but never reached the expected score. Such ants having acquired a weaker olfactory or visual score and still undergoing olfactory or visual training were again submitted to electromagnetic waves. Not only did they lose all that they had memorized, but also they lost it in a few hours instead of in a few days (as under normal conditions when no longer trained). They kept no visual memory at all (instead of keeping 10% of it as they normally do). The impact of GSM 900 MHz radiation was greater on the visual memory than on the olfactory one. These communication waves may have such a disastrous impact on a wide range of insects using olfactory and/or visual memory, i.e., on bees.
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Marino C, Lagroye I, Scarfì MR, Sienkiewicz Z. Are the young more sensitive than adults to the effects of radiofrequency fields? An examination of relevant data from cellular and animal studies. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 107:374-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Effects of short-duration electromagnetic radiation on early postnatal neurogenesis in rats: Fos and NADPH-d histochemical studies. Acta Histochem 2011; 113:723-8. [PMID: 20950843 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The immediate effects of whole body electromagnetic radiation (EMR) were used to study postnatal neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and rostral migratory stream (RMS) of Wistar rats of both sexes. Newborn postnatal day 7 (P7) and young adult rats (P28) were exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields (EMF) at a frequency of 2.45 GHz and mean power density of 2.8 mW/cm(2) for 2 h. Post-irradiation changes were studied using immunohistochemical localization of Fos and NADPH-d. We found that short-duration exposure induces increased Fos immunoreactivity selectively in cells of the SVZ of P7 and P28 rats. There were no Fos positive cells visible within the RMS of irradiated rats. These findings indicate that some differences exist in prerequisites of proliferating cells between the SVZ and RMS regardless of the age of the rats. Short-duration exposure also caused praecox maturation of NADPH-d positive cells within the RMS of P7 rats. The NADPH-d positive cells appeared several days earlier than in age-matched controls, and their number and morphology showed characteristics of adult rats. On the other hand, in the young adult P28 rats, EMR induced morphological signs typical of early postnatal age. These findings indicate that EMR causes age-related changes in the production of nitric oxide (NO), which may lead to different courses of the proliferation cascade in newborn and young adult neurogenesis.
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Balbani APS, Krawczyk AL. Impacto do uso do telefone celular na saúde de crianças e adolescentes. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-05822011000300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Apresentar o conhecimento sobre efeitos biológicos dos campos eletromagnéticos, detalhes da absorção da energia dos campos de micro-ondas na criança, efeitos da exposição a esses campos no período pré e pós-natal e impacto do uso dos telefones celulares no sistema nervoso central e no comportamento de crianças. FONTES DE DADOS: Trabalhos em língua inglesa publicados entre 2004 e 2009 e indexados na base de dados PubMed com os unitermos: "crianças", "telefones celulares" e "micro-ondas". SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Telefones celulares emitem radiofrequência na faixa de micro-ondas, cujos efeitos biológicos podem ser térmicos (aquecimento dos tecidos) ou não térmicos (estresse oxidativo e mudanças na conformação da cromatina). Pesquisas experimentais sugerem que a dissipação da energia de radiofrequência nos tecidos seria maior na criança do que no adulto. Em ratos, a exposição pré-natal à radiofrequência em níveis não térmicos não produz efeito teratogênico ou mutagênico, nem aumento da permeabilidade da barreira hematoencefálica ou da expressão de heat shock proteins no encéfalo. Não há evidência de efeito nocivo da radiação dos celulares na cognição de crianças. Fazer ligações ou enviar mensagens de texto no horário noturno aumenta a probabilidade de sonolência diurna em adolescentes. Crianças que usam mais o celular podem ter déficit de memória e comportamento impulsivo. CONCLUSÕES: Não está comprovado que a exposição à radiação dos celulares, pré ou pós-natal, dentro dos limites de segurança para humanos, induz dano ao desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso central. Entretanto, padrões culturais relacionados à posse e uso dos aparelhos influenciam o comportamento de crianças e adolescentes e podem provocar distúrbios do sono.
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Cammaerts MC, Debeir O, Cammaerts R. Changes in Paramecium caudatum (protozoa) near a switched-on GSM telephone. Electromagn Biol Med 2011; 30:57-66. [PMID: 21554102 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2011.566778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan Paramecium caudatum was examined under normal conditions versus aside a switched-on GSM telephone (900 MHz; 2 Watts). Exposed individuals moved more slowly and more sinuously than usual. Their physiology was affected: they became broader, their cytopharynx appeared broader, their pulse vesicles had difficult in expelling their content outside the cell, their cilia less efficiently moved, and trichocysts became more visible. All these effects might result from some bad functioning or damage of the cellular membrane. The first target of communication electromagnetic waves might thus be the cellular membrane.
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Martončíková M, Lievajová K, Orendáčová J, Blaško J, Račeková E. Odor enrichment influences neurogenesis in the rostral migratory stream of young rats. Acta Histochem 2011; 113:326-32. [PMID: 20097411 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory bulb is one of a few brain structures characterized by high plasticity due to the fact that new neurons are continually integrated into the olfactory bulb circuit throughout life. The new cells originate from the subventricular zone of the forebrain and migrate through the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb that also represents the first synaptic relay of the olfactory system. Data accumulating in recent years have confirmed that sensory inputs can influence the level of postnatal neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb. In this study, we studied neurogenesis in the rostral migratory stream of Wistar albino rat pups after exposure to an odor-enriched environment. The rats were olfactory stimulated twice daily with different odorants from the day of their birth up to 1, 2 or 3 weeks, respectively. Using bromodeoxyuridine, a marker of cell proliferation, we found an increased number of proliferating cells in the rostral migratory stream of rat pups submitted to olfactory stimulation. Conversely, the number of dying cells, labeled with the fluorescent dye Fluoro Jade-C, was down-regulated in groups of rats exposed to an odor-enriched environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Martončíková
- Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, Košice, Slovak Republic.
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Choi JH, Yoo KY, Lee CH, Yi SS, Yoo DY, Seong JK, Yoon YS, Hwang IK, Won MH. Effects of treadmill exercise combined with MK 801 treatment on neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus in rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 31:285-92. [PMID: 21052826 PMCID: PMC11498510 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-010-9619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NR) is involved in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, such as associative long-term potentiation, and in related central functions, such as learning and memory. In this study, we observed effects of treadmill exercise on NR1 and doublecortin (DCX, a marker for neuroblast differentiation) in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG). At 6 weeks of age, rats were put on a treadmill with or without running for 1 h/day for 5 consecutive days at 22 m/min for 5 weeks. Exercise increased NR1 immunoreactivity and protein level in the hippocampus. To identify the correlations between NR and neuroblasts, we intraperitoneally administered a NR antagonist, MK-801, to the exercised rats. MK-801 treatment reduced NR1 protein level in the hippocampus of the exercised rats. In addition, in the MK-801-treated group, the number of DCX cells was significantly decreased in the subgranular zone of the DG. These results suggest that NR may be one of the important factors that modulate neuroblast differentiation during exercise in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701 South Korea
| | - Ki-Yeon Yoo
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 200-702 South Korea
| | - Choong Hyun Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 South Korea
| | - Sun Shin Yi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 South Korea
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 South Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 South Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 South Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701 South Korea
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Abstract
AbstractStressful experience during the early postnatal period may influence processes associated with neurogenesis (i.e. proliferation, cell death, appearance of astrocytes or cell differentiation) in the neonatal rat rostral migratory stream (RMS). To induce stress, pups were subjected to maternal deprivation daily for three hours, starting from the first postnatal day till the seventh postnatal day. Immunohistochemical methods were used to visualize proliferating cells and astrocytes; dying cells and nitrergic cells were visualized using histochemical staining. Quantitative analysis showed that maternal deprivation decreased the number of proliferating cells and significantly increased the number of dying cells in the RMS. Maternal deprivation did not influence the appearance of astrocytes in the RMS, but caused premature differentiation of nitrergic cells. In control rats, nitrergic cells can be observed in the RMS as early as the tenth postnatal day. In maternally deprived pups, these cells were detected as early as the seventh postnatal day. The observed earlier appearance of nitrergic cells in the RMS was associated with altered proliferation and increased cell dying and this observation supports the hypothesis that nitric oxide has an anti-proliferative role in the RMS. Our study demonstrates that maternal deprivation represents a stressful condition with a profound impact on early postnatal neurogenesis.
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