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Huang YC, Sung MY, Lin TK, Kuo CY, Hsu YC. Chinese herbal medicine compound of flavonoids adjunctive treatment for oral cancer. J Formos Med Assoc 2024; 123:830-836. [PMID: 37919197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a prevalent global issue, with oral squamous cell carcinoma constituting the majority of cases. Standard treatments like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are available but may have adverse effects. Molecular gene therapy, focusing on genetic mutations linked to oral cancer, presents a promising alternative.In this study, we evaluated 27 chemotherapeutic drugs and 63 Chinese herbal medicines for their effectiveness, categorized them by their cellular mechanisms, and identified potential adjuvant therapy candidates for oral cancer. Our findings highlight the impact of natural flavonoids on oral cancer cells, inducing apoptosis, and confirming their potential in molecular genetic analysis. In conclusion, the natural compounds present in Chinese herbal medicine, particularly flavonoids, offer a promising avenue to target specific genetic mutations in oral cancer cells. This approach may reduce the risks associated with oral cancer treatment and pave the way for innovative adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Huang
- Health Services Training Center HSTC, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yi Sung
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Kun Lin
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Pharmaceutical Management Division, Medical Affairs Bureau, Ministry of National Defense, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Yen Kuo
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiung Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Center for Astronautical Physics and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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2
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Mia MAR, Dey D, Sakib MR, Biswas MY, Prottay AAS, Paul N, Rimti FH, Abdullah Y, Biswas P, Iftehimul M, Paul P, Sarkar C, El-Nashar HAS, El-Shazly M, Islam MT. The efficacy of natural bioactive compounds against prostate cancer: Molecular targets and synergistic activities. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5724-5754. [PMID: 37786304 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Globally, prostate cancer (PCa) is regarded as a challenging health issue, and the number of PCa patients continues to rise despite the availability of effective treatments in recent decades. The current therapy with chemotherapeutic drugs has been largely ineffective due to multidrug resistance and the conventional treatment has restricted drug accessibility to malignant tissues, necessitating a higher dosage resulting in increased cytotoxicity. Plant-derived bioactive compounds have recently attracted a great deal of attention in the field of PCa treatment due to their potent effects on several molecular targets and synergistic effects with anti-PCa drugs. This review emphasizes the molecular mechanism of phytochemicals on PCa cells, the synergistic effects of compound-drug interactions, and stem cell targeting for PCa treatment. Some potential compounds, such as curcumin, phenethyl-isothiocyanate, fisetin, baicalein, berberine, lutein, and many others, exert an anti-PCa effect via inhibiting proliferation, metastasis, cell cycle progression, and normal apoptosis pathways. In addition, multiple studies have demonstrated that the isolated natural compounds: d-limonene, paeonol, lanreotide, artesunate, and bicalutamide have potential synergistic effects. Further, a significant number of natural compounds effectively target PCa stem cells. However, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of these phytochemicals against PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdur Rashid Mia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Dipta Dey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Musfiqur Rahman Sakib
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yeaman Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Shamsh Prottay
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Niloy Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Hoque Rimti
- Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery, Chittagong Medical College, Chawkbazar, Bangladesh
| | - Yusuf Abdullah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Partha Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md Iftehimul
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
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3
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Subramani T, Ganapathyswamy H, Sampathrajan V, David Raj C. Effect of cottonseed milk on growth performance, hematological and semen characteristics in male Wistar albino rats. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-022-00125-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractVarious plant based milk extract is appropriate for human nutrition among which cottonseed is one of the potential crops with the advantages of stable milk emulsion, improved nutrient profile with affordable waste utilization. Although cottonseed milk is a popular indigenous beverage, it has not been exploited worldwide for regular consumption owing to the presence of gossypol. The gossypol toxicity and associated gossypol-iron complex formation in the intestine lead to changes in hematological characteristics and alternation of sperm motility in monogastric animals. Male Wistar albino rats weighing 60 to 70 g were divided into four groups of five animals each. The group fed the standard diet (STD) served as control, and the experimental groups included the group (i) rats fed cottonseed diet (CSD) supplemented at 10% of cottonseed level (ii) rats fed conventional aqueous extracted cottonseed milk (CCM) diet (CAD) and (iii) rats fed enzymatic assisted aqueous extracted cottonseed milk (ECM) diet (EAD). The CAD and EAD feed was administrated @ 1 ml/100 g of animal body weight /day for the study period of 45 days among the experimental groups and control group. A significant difference in weight gain of the experimental rats was noticed between the CCM and ECM cottonseed milk extracts fed experimental groups compared with the standard and cottonseed fed groups. The rats fed with CSD, CCM and ECM diet exhibited higher white blood cell counts, also reducing the red blood cells count, hemoglobin hematocrit and platelet in the group compared with STD. No significant difference in semen motility characteristics was noticed among the CSD, CCM and ECM fed groups. In conclusion, the intake of less than the permissible level of gossypol from selected cottonseed and its aqueous extracted milk samples has influenced the hematological parameters and whereas an improved effect was shown in semen characteristics.
Graphical Abstract
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4
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Cao H, Sethumadhavan K. Identification of Bcl2 as a Stably Expressed qPCR Reference Gene for Human Colon Cancer Cells Treated with Cottonseed-Derived Gossypol and Bioactive Extracts and Bacteria-Derived Lipopolysaccharides. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217560. [PMID: 36364387 PMCID: PMC9655230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cottonseed contains many bioactive molecules including plant polyphenols. Cottonseed value might be increased by providing high-value bioactive polyphenols for improving nutrition and health. However, there was a lack of molecular evidence for cottonseed bioactivity in mammalian cells. One widely used method for evaluating the bioactivity of natural products is quantitative real-time-PCR (qPCR). The selection of stably expressed internal reference genes is a crucial task of qPCR assay for data analysis. The rationale for reference gene selection is that a lower standard deviation of the cycle of threshold (Cq) among the treatments indicates a more stable expression of the gene. The objective of this study was to select reference genes in human colon cancer cells (COLO 205) treated with cottonseed-derived gossypol and bioactive extracts along with bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharides (LPS). SYBR Green qPCR was used to analyze the mRNA levels of a wide range of biomarkers involved in glucose transport, lipid biosynthesis, inflammatory response, and cancer development. qPCR data (10,560 Cq values) were generated from 55 genes analyzed from 64 treatments with triplicate per treatment for each gene. The data showed that B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) mRNA was the most stable among the 55 mRNAs analyzed in the human colon cancer cells. Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh) and ribosome protein L32 (Rpl32) mRNAs were not good qPCR references for the colon cancer cells. These observations were consistent regardless of the treatment comparison between gossypol and LPS, glanded and glandless seed extracts, seed coat and kernel extracts, or treatment for 8 and 24 h. These results suggest that Bcl2 is a preferable reference gene for qPCR assays in human colon cancer cells treated with cottonseed-derived gossypol and bioactive extracts as well as LPS. The extensive qPCR results firmly support the conclusion that the Bcl2 gene is stably expressed at the mRNA level in the human colon cancer cells regardless of the treatment, suggesting that Bcl2 gene expression is not regulated at the mRNA level but at the post-transcriptional level. These results should facilitate studies designated to evaluate bioactivity on gene expression regulation by cottonseed molecules and other natural and synthetic molecules for nutrition and health uses.
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5
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Hao Q, Wu Y, Vadgama JV, Wang P. Phytochemicals in Inhibition of Prostate Cancer: Evidence from Molecular Mechanisms Studies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1306. [PMID: 36139145 PMCID: PMC9496067 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of death for men worldwide. The development of resistance, toxicity, and side effects of conventional therapies have made prostate cancer treatment become more intensive and aggressive. Many phytochemicals isolated from plants have shown to be tumor cytotoxic. In vitro laboratory studies have revealed that natural compounds can affect cancer cell proliferation by modulating many crucial cellular signaling pathways frequently dysregulated in prostate cancer. A multitude of natural compounds have been found to induce cell cycle arrest, promote apoptosis, inhibit cancer cell growth, and suppress angiogenesis. In addition, combinatorial use of natural compounds with hormone and/or chemotherapeutic drugs seems to be a promising strategy to enhance the therapeutic effect in a less toxic manner, as suggested by pre-clinical studies. In this context, we systematically reviewed the currently available literature of naturally occurring compounds isolated from vegetables, fruits, teas, and herbs, with their relevant mechanisms of action in prostate cancer. As there is increasing data on how phytochemicals interfere with diverse molecular pathways in prostate cancer, this review discusses and emphasizes the implicated molecular pathways of cell proliferation, cell cycle control, apoptosis, and autophagy as important processes that control tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. In conclusion, the elucidation of the natural compounds' chemical structure-based anti-cancer mechanisms will facilitate drug development and the optimization of drug combinations. Phytochemicals, as anti-cancer agents in the treatment of prostate cancer, can have significant health benefits for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Hao
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Yanyuan Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jaydutt V. Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Piwen Wang
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
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Cottonseed extracts regulate gene expression in human colon cancer cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1039. [PMID: 35058516 PMCID: PMC8776848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton plant provides economically important fiber and cottonseed, but cottonseed contributes 20% of the crop value. Cottonseed value could be increased by providing high value bioactive compounds and polyphenolic extracts aimed at improving nutrition and preventing diseases because plant polyphenol extracts have been used as medicinal remedy for various diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cottonseed extracts on cell viability and gene expression in human colon cancer cells. COLO 225 cells were treated with ethanol extracts from glanded and glandless cottonseed followed by MTT and qPCR assays. Cottonseed extracts showed minor effects on cell viability. qPCR assay analyzed 55 mRNAs involved in several pathways including DGAT, GLUT, TTP, IL, gossypol-regulated and TTP-mediated pathways. Using BCL2 mRNA as the internal reference, qPCR analysis showed minor effects of ethanol extracts from glanded seed coat and kernel and glandless seed coat on mRNA levels in the cells. However, glandless seed kernel extract significantly reduced mRNA levels of many genes involved in glucose transport, lipid biosynthesis and inflammation. The inhibitory effects of glandless kernel extract on gene expression may provide a useful opportunity for improving nutrition and healthcare associated with colon cancer. This in turn may provide the potential of increasing cottonseed value by using ethanol extract as a nutrition/health intervention agent.
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7
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Zhu K, Ge J, He Y, Li P, Jiang X, Wang J, Mo Y, Huang W, Gong Z, Zeng Z, Xiong W, Yu J. Bioinformatics Analysis of the Signaling Pathways and Genes of Gossypol Induce Death of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1052-1063. [PMID: 34191589 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gossypol has been reported to exhibit antitumor effects against several human cancers. However, the anticancer effects of gossypol on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have not been investigated. Against this backdrop, the present study was designed to evaluate the anticancer effects of gossypol against NPC cells and to identify the signaling pathways involved through bioinformatic analysis. Gossypol-inhibited death of NPC cells is concentration-dependent. To explore the underlying mechanism for gossypol's antitumor effect, microarray of gossypol-treated and -untreated NPC cells was performed. A total of 836 differentially expressing genes (DEGs) were identified in gossypol-treated NPC cells, of which 461 genes were upregulated and 375 genes were downregulated. The cellular components, molecular functions, biological processes, and signal pathways, in which the DEGs were involved, were identified by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) predicted upstream transcription factors (TF) ETS2 and E2F1 that regulate DEGs. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify a class of modules and genes related to DNA repair and cell cycle. TNFRSF10B, a receptor for death in NPC cells, was knocked down. The results suggested that the ability of NPC cells to resist gossypol killing was enhanced. In addition, to further investigate the possible molecular mechanisms, we constructed a transcriptional regulatory network of TNFRSF10B containing 109 miRNAs and 47 TFs. Taken together, our results demonstrated that gossypol triggered antitumor effects against NPC cells, indicating its applicability for the management of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunjie Zhu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junshang Ge
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Panchun Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianjie Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongzhen Mo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weilun Huang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaojian Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianjun Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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8
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Cao H, Sethumadhavan K, Cao F, Wang TTY. Gossypol decreased cell viability and down-regulated the expression of a number of genes in human colon cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5922. [PMID: 33723275 PMCID: PMC7961146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant polyphenol gossypol has anticancer activities. This may increase cottonseed value by using gossypol as a health intervention agent. It is necessary to understand its molecular mechanisms before human consumption. The aim was to uncover the effects of gossypol on cell viability and gene expression in cancer cells. In this study, human colon cancer cells (COLO 225) were treated with gossypol. MTT assay showed significant inhibitory effect under high concentration and longtime treatment. We analyzed the expression of 55 genes at the mRNA level in the cells; many of them are regulated by gossypol or ZFP36/TTP in cancer cells. BCL2 mRNA was the most stable among the 55 mRNAs analyzed in human colon cancer cells. GAPDH and RPL32 mRNAs were not good qPCR references for the colon cancer cells. Gossypol decreased the mRNA levels of DGAT, GLUT, TTP, IL families and a number of previously reported genes. In particular, gossypol suppressed the expression of genes coding for CLAUDIN1, ELK1, FAS, GAPDH, IL2, IL8 and ZFAND5 mRNAs, but enhanced the expression of the gene coding for GLUT3 mRNA. The results showed that gossypol inhibited cell survival with decreased expression of a number of genes in the colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Cao
- grid.507314.40000 0001 0668 8000United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA
| | - Kandan Sethumadhavan
- grid.507314.40000 0001 0668 8000United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA
| | - Fangping Cao
- grid.66741.320000 0001 1456 856XBeijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Thomas T. Y. Wang
- grid.508988.4United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
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Ocaña MC, Martínez-Poveda B, Marí-Beffa M, Quesada AR, Medina MÁ. Fasentin diminishes endothelial cell proliferation, differentiation and invasion in a glucose metabolism-independent manner. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6132. [PMID: 32273578 PMCID: PMC7145862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic compound fasentin has been described as a modulator of GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 transporters, thus inhibiting glucose uptake in some cancer cells. Endothelial glucose metabolism has been recently connected to angiogenesis and it is now an emerging topic in scientific research. Indeed, certain compounds with a known effect on glucose metabolism have also been shown to inhibit angiogenesis. In this work we tested the capability of fasentin to modulate angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We show that fasentin inhibited tube formation in endothelial cells by a mechanism that involves a negative effect on endothelial cell proliferation and invasion, without affecting other steps related to the angiogenic process. However, fasentin barely decreased glucose uptake in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells and the GLUT-1 inhibitor STF-31 failed to inhibit tube formation in these cells. Therefore, this modulatory capacity on endothelial cells function exerted by fasentin is most likely independent of a modulation of glucose metabolism. Taken together, our results show a novel biological activity of fasentin, which could be evaluated for its utility in cancer and other angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mª Carmen Ocaña
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Marí-Beffa
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana R Quesada
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071, Málaga, Spain.
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071, Málaga, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071, Málaga, Spain.
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10
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Huang SF, Chu SC, Hsu LS, Tu YC, Chen PN, Hsieh YS. Antimetastatic effects of gossypol on colon cancer cells by targeting the u-PA and FAK pathways. Food Funct 2020; 10:8172-8181. [PMID: 31730141 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01306g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the most prevalent cause of treatment failure in patients with colon cancer. Gossypol is reported to exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, antivirus and antimicrobial properties. However, the effects of gossypol on cancer invasion and tumour growth of human colon cancer remain unclear. This study aimed to provide molecular evidence associated with the antimetastatic and anti-tumour effects of gossypol on human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells. Gossypol inhibited the viability of human colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Gossypol was sufficient to reduce the invasion, migration and adhesion in DLD-1 and COLO 205 cells. Zymography and western blot assay showed that gossypol reduced the activities and protein expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), respectively. Gossypol suppressed the level of p-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers, including N-cadherin, fibronectin and vimentin. Gossypol also inhibited the lung metastasis of DLD-1 cells, as indicated by the nude mouse model. These results suggested that gossypol inhibited the metastatic properties of human colon cancer cells by targeting u-PA through the FAK pathway, suggesting that gossypol could be used as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for the treatment of human colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- She-Fang Huang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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11
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Kang H, Kim H, Lee S, Youn H, Youn B. Role of Metabolic Reprogramming in Epithelial⁻Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082042. [PMID: 31027222 PMCID: PMC6514888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is thought to be an essential step for cancer metastasis. Tumor cells undergo EMT in response to a diverse range of extra- and intracellular stimulants. Recently, it was reported that metabolic shifts control EMT progression and induce tumor aggressiveness. In this review, we summarize the involvement of altered glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolic enzyme expression and the underlying molecular mechanisms in EMT induction in tumor cells. Moreover, we propose that metabolic regulation through gene-specific or pharmacological inhibition may suppress EMT and this treatment strategy may be applied to prevent tumor progression and improve anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy. This review presents evidence for the importance of metabolic changes in tumor progression and emphasizes the need for further studies to better understand tumor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkoo Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea.
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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12
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Chen CW, Hu S, Tsui KH, Hwang GS, Chen ST, Tang TK, Cheng HT, Yu JW, Wang HC, Juang HH, Wang PS, Wang SW. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Gossypol on Human Lymphocytic Jurkat Cells via Regulation of MAPK Signaling and Cell Cycle. Inflammation 2019; 41:2265-2274. [PMID: 30136021 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0868-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gossypol, a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from cottonseed oil, has been reported to possess pharmacological properties via modulation cell cycle and immune signaling pathway. However, whether gossypol has anti-inflammatory effects against phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced cytokine secretion in T lymphocytes through similar mechanism remains unclear. Using the T lymphocytes Jurkat cell line, we found that PHA exposure caused dramatic increase in interleukin-2 (IL-2) mRNA expression as well as IL-2 secretion. All of these PHA-stimulated reactions were attenuated in a dose-dependent manner by being pretreated with gossypol. However, gossypol did not show any in vitro cytotoxic effect at doses of 5-20 μM. As a possible mechanism underlying gossypol action, such as pronounced suppression IL-2 release, robust decreased PHA-induced phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase expressions was found with gossypol pretreatment, but not significant phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression. Furthermore, gossypol could suppress the Jurkat cells' growth, which was associated with increased percentage of G1/S phase and decreased fraction of G2 phase in flow cytometry test. We conclude that gossypol exerts anti-inflammatory effects probably through partial attenuation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (phosphorylated JNK and p38) signaling and cell cycle arrest in Jurkat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sindy Hu
- Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Hung Tsui
- Department of Urology, Division of Geriatric Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Bioinformation Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Shyang Hwang
- Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Tah Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tswen-Kei Tang
- Department of Nursing, National Quemoy University, Kinmen County, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Tsai Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Wen Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsiao-Chiu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Horng-Heng Juang
- Bioinformation Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Paulus S Wang
- Medical Center of Aging Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Shyi-Wu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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13
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Lim W, Ham J, Park S, Bae H, You S, Song G. Gossypol Induces Disruption of Spermatogenesis and Steroidogenesis in Male Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2075-2085. [PMID: 30678458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gossypol, commonly found in cotton seeds, is hazardous to male reproductive physiology. Although several studies have indicated the toxicity of gossypol in human and animal reproduction, the mechanism of gossypol action in testes has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of gossypol in normal mouse testis cells, TM3 and TM4 cells, and in gossypol-treated C57BL/6 mice. We confirmed the antiproliferative effects of gossypol using cell viability assays, with PCNA as a proliferation marker, and cell cycle analysis. We also verified mitochondrial dysfunction and Ca2+ dysregulation in the cytosol of TM3 and TM4 cells, using JC-1 and Fluo-4 dyes. To confirm the cellular signaling mechanisms in testis cell lines, we performed Western blot analysis to assess the changes in MAPK and PI3K/Akt signal transduction, using their pharmacological inhibitors. Moreover, we screened the mRNA expression of genes involved in spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in TM3 and TM4 cells. We also confirmed the mRNA expression and localization of genes regulating testis function in gossypol-treated and untreated mice testes. Collectively, we suggest that gossypol induces negative effects on testis function by reducing cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and testis development-related genes in vitro and in vivo as well as by modulating the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition , Kookmin University , Seoul , 02707 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ham
- Department of Biotechnology , Korea University , Seoul , 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Department of Biotechnology , Korea University , Seoul , 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyocheol Bae
- Department of Biotechnology , Korea University , Seoul , 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungkwon You
- Department of Biotechnology , Korea University , Seoul , 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology , Korea University , Seoul , 02841 , Republic of Korea
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14
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Singla N, Ghandour RA, Raj GV. Investigational luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists and other hormonal agents in early stage clinical trials for prostate cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:249-259. [PMID: 30649971 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1570130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment and management of prostate cancer continues to evolve; newer classes of agents and combination therapies are being developed and some are being investigated in early phase clinical trials. AREAS COVERED We discuss investigational hormonal agents for the treatment of prostate cancer and focus primarily on luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists in early stage trials. We look at agents that target the hormonal axis, including anti-androgens, gonadotropins, estrogenic agents and progestogenic agents and other non-hormonal agents often used in combination with LHRH agonists. We review these candidates in the specific clinical niche in which they might find utility. EXPERT OPINION Of all candidate compounds being evaluated in clinical trials, very few will receive FDA approval. Few, if any of the investigational agents discussed here will be used routinely in clinical practice for treating prostate cancer. Recognizing the reasons for the failure of agents to advance to later stage trials is important. Furthermore, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying prostate cancer pathogenesis, including various points in the HGPA and parallel pathways, will help identify potentially actionable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmish Singla
- a Department of Urology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Rashed A Ghandour
- a Department of Urology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- a Department of Urology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
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15
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Ulus G, Koparal AT, Baysal K, Yetik Anacak G, Karabay Yavaşoğlu NÜ. The anti-angiogenic potential of (±) gossypol in comparison to suramin. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1537-1550. [PMID: 30123923 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton, a staple fiber that grows around the seeds of the cotton plants (Gossypium), is produced throughout the world, and its by products, such as cotton fibers, cotton-seed oil, and cottonseed proteins, have a variety of applications. Cotton-seed contains gossypol, a natural phenol compound. (±)-Gossypol is a yellowish polyphenol that is derived from different parts of the cotton plant and contains potent anticancer properties. Tumor growth and metastasis are mainly related to angiogenesis; therefore, anti-angiogenic therapy targets the new blood vessels that provide oxygen and nutrients to actively proliferating tumor cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-angiogenic potential of (±)-gossypol in vitro. (±)-Gossypol has anti-proliferative effects on cancer cell lines; however, its anti-angiogenic effects on normal cells have not been studied. Anti-proliferative activities of gossypol assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, anti-angiogenic activities using tube formation assay, and cell migration inhibition capability using a wound-healing assay on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were revealed. (±)-Gossypol displayed the following potent anti-angiogenic activities in vitro: it inhibited the cell viability of HUVECs, it inhibited the migration of HUVECs, and disrupted endothelial tube formation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the anti-angiogenic effects of (±)-gossypol were investigated in ovo in a model using a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Decreases in capillary density were assessed and scored. (±)-Gossypol showed dose-dependent anti-angiogenic effects on CAM. These findings suggest that (±)-gossypol can be used as a new anti-angiogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gönül Ulus
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - A Tansu Koparal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Baysal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Günay Yetik Anacak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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16
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Wang C, Ke Y, Liu S, Pan S, Liu Z, Zhang H, Fan Z, Zhou C, Liu J, Wang F. Ectopic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 promotes inflammation by promoting nuclear factor-κB signaling in prostate cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14839-14849. [PMID: 30093411 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Initiation of expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) concurrent with loss of FGFR2 expression is a well-documented event in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Although it is known that some FGFR isoforms confer advantages in cell proliferation and survival, the mechanism by which the subversion of different FGFR isoforms contributes to PCa progression is incompletely understood. Here, we report that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) promotes NF-κB signaling in PCa cells and that this increase is associated with FGFR1 expression. Disruption of FGFR1 kinase activity abrogated both FGF activity and NF-κB signaling in PCa cells. Of note, the three common signaling pathways downstream of FGFR1 kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K/AKT), and phosphoinositide phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ), were not required for FGF-mediated NF-κB signaling. Instead, transforming growth factor β-activating kinase 1 (TAK1), a central regulator of the NF-κB pathway, was required for FGFR1 to stimulate NF-κB signaling. Moreover, we found that FGFR1 promotes NF-κB signaling in PCa cells by reducing TAK1 degradation and thereby supporting sustained NF-κB activation. Consistently, Fgfr1 ablation in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model reduced inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. In contrast, activation of the FGFR1 kinase in the juxtaposition of chemical-induced dimerization (CID) and kinase 1 (JOCK1) mouse model increased inflammation. As inflammation plays an important role in PCa initiation and progression, these findings suggest that ectopically expressed FGFR1 promotes PCa progression, at least in part, by increasing inflammation in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- From School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China, .,the Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77843
| | - Yuepeng Ke
- the Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77843
| | - Shaoyou Liu
- the Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77843.,the Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Sharon Pan
- the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Ziying Liu
- From School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.,the Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77843
| | - Hui Zhang
- the Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77843.,the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China, and
| | - Zhichao Fan
- From School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Changyi Zhou
- the Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77843.,College of Food and Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Junchen Liu
- the Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77843
| | - Fen Wang
- the Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77843,
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17
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Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and bioavailability of gossypol-loaded Pluronic ® F127 nanoparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Ramalingam S, Ramamurthy VP, Njar VCO. Dissecting major signaling pathways in prostate cancer development and progression: Mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 166:16-27. [PMID: 27481707 PMCID: PMC7371258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed non-cutaneous malignancy and leading cause of cancer mortality in men. At the initial stages, prostate cancer is dependent upon androgens for their growth and hence effectively combated by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, most patients eventually recur with an androgen deprivation-resistant phenotype, referred to as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), a more aggressive form for which there is no effective therapy presently available. The current review is an attempt to cover and establish an understanding of some major signaling pathways implicated in prostate cancer development and castration-resistance, besides addressing therapeutic strategies that targets the key signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilmurugan Ramalingam
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA; Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA
| | - Vidya P Ramamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA; Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA
| | - Vincent C O Njar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA; Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA.
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19
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Duan J, Yu Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Sun Z. Inflammatory response and blood hypercoagulable state induced by low level co-exposure with silica nanoparticles and benzo[a]pyrene in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 151:152-62. [PMID: 26943738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Given the severe situation of world-wide particulate matter air pollution, it is urgent to explore the combined effects of particulate matter components on cardiovascular system. Using zebrafish model, this study was aimed to determine whether the low level co-exposure to silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) had a pronounced cardiovascular toxicity than the single exposure to either SiNPs or B[a]P alone. The FTIR and TGA analysis showed that the co-exposure system possessed of high absorption and thermal stability. Embryos exposed to SiNPs or B[a]P alone did not show cardiac toxicity phenotype at the NOAEL level. However, embryos co-exposed to SiNPs and B[a]P exhibited pericardial edema and bradycardia. While ROS generation remained unaffected, the co-exposure induced significant neutrophil-mediated inflammation and caused erythrocyte aggregation in caudal vein of embryos. Microarray analysis and STC analysis were performed to screen the cardiovascular-related differential expression genes and the expression trend of genes in each group. The co-exposure of SiNPs and B[a]P significantly enhanced the expression of proinflammatory and procoagulant genes. Moreover, the co-exposure markedly increased the phosphorylated AP-1/c-Jun and induced TF expression, but not NF-κB p65. This study for the first time demonstrated the inflammatory response and blood hypercoagulable state were triggered by the combination of SiNPs and B[a]P at low level exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yapei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
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20
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Hu H, Wu J, Li Q, Asweto C, Feng L, Yang X, Duan F, Duan J, Sun Z. Fine particulate matter induces vascular endothelial activation via IL-6 dependent JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:946-953. [PMID: 30090403 PMCID: PMC6062355 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00351b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to PM2.5 has been strongly linked to endothelial dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism of PM2.5 on the vascular endothelial function is poorly understood. This study examined the toxic effect and underlying mechanism of PM2.5 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Decreased cell viability and increased LDH activity were observed in the PM2.5-treated HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. The production of ROS, MDA, and the inhibition of SOD activity were also triggered by PM2.5 in HUVECs. In addition, PM2.5 increased the intracellular levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1β, IL-8 and CRP), cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) and tissue factor (TF), resulted in endothelial activation. For an in-depth study, the protein levels of IL-6, JAK1 and STAT3 were up-regulated significantly, while the expression of JAK2 and SOCS1 were down-regulated gradually in PM2.5-treated HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. These results show that PM2.5 triggered endothelial activation via upregulation of the IL-6 dependent JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. This will provide new insights into the toxic effects and mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases triggered by ambient air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejing Hu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Qiuling Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Collins Asweto
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Fengkui Duan
- School of Environment , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry , School of Public Health , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 010 83911868, +86 010 83911507
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069 , P.R. China
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21
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Ren T, Shan J, Li M, Qing Y, Qian C, Wang G, Li Q, Lu G, Li C, Peng Y, Luo H, Zhang S, Yang Y, Cheng Y, Wang D, Zhou SF. Small-molecule BH3 mimetic and pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor AT-101 enhances the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin through inhibition of APE1 repair and redox activity in non-small-cell lung cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:2887-910. [PMID: 26089640 PMCID: PMC4467754 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s82724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AT-101 is a BH3 mimetic and pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor that has shown potent anticancer activity in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in murine models, but failed to show clinical efficacy when used in combination with docetaxel in NSCLC patients. Our recent study has demonstrated that AT-101 enhanced the antitumor effect of cisplatin (CDDP) in a murine model of NSCLC via inhibition of the interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. This study explored the underlying mechanisms for the enhanced anticancer activity of CDDP by AT-101. Our results show that, when compared with monotherapy, AT-101 significantly enhanced the inhibitory effects of CDDP on proliferation and migration of A549 cells and on tube formation and migration in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. AT-101 promoted the proapoptotic activity of CDDP in A549 cells. AT-101 also enhanced the inhibitory effect of CDDP on DNA repair and redox activities of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in A549 cells. In tumor tissues from nude mice treated with AT-101 plus CDDP or monotherapy, the combination therapy resulted in greater inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation than the monotherapy. These results suggest that AT-101 can enhance the antitumor activity of CDDP in NSCLC via inhibition of APE1 DNA repair and redox activities and by angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis, but other mechanisms cannot be excluded. We are now conducting a Phase II trial to examine the clinical efficacy and safety profile of combined use of AT-101 plus CDDP in advanced NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ren
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jinlu Shan
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Qing
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengyuan Qian
- Department of Oncology, The 97 Hospital of PLA, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangjie Wang
- Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Military District General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Guoshou Lu
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongyi Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Peng
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Luo
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiheng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxing Yang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Zhan W, Hu X, Yi J, An Q, Huang X. Inhibitory activity of apogossypol in human prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4142-8. [PMID: 25672487 PMCID: PMC4394964 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Apogossypol, a gossypol derivative, is a novel small-molecule inhibitor of the Bcl-2 family proteins and has been demonstrated to have anti-tumor activities. Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in males, for which chemotherapy is the usual treatment option in clinical practice. The aim of the present study was to investigate the growth inhibitory effects of apogossypol on prostate cancers in vitro and in vivo. An MTT assay and a colony formation assay were used to assess the anti-survival and anti-proliferation effects of apogossypol in LNCaP cells. Immunofluorescence was performed in order to detect the expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins in xenograft tumors following apogossypol treatment. Apogossypol exerted strong anti-tumor effects on LNCaP cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, immunofluorescence revealed that apogossypol inhibited the growth and proliferation of prostate cancer cells by downregulating Bcl-2 protein expression and activating caspase-3 and -8. In addition, the in vivo study indicated that apogossypol significantly inhibited tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner with reduced toxicity compared with gossypol. In conclusion, the present study indicated that apogossypol effectively inhibited the growth and proliferation of prostate cancer cells and may be a potential agent for prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xingbin Hu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qunxing An
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Central Laboratory, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Jiang L, Li Y, Li Y, Guo C, Yu Y, Zou Y, Yang Y, Yu Y, Duan J, Geng W, Li Q, Sun Z. Silica nanoparticles induced the pre-thrombotic state in rats via activation of coagulation factor XII and the JNK-NF-κB/AP-1 pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00118h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pre-thrombotic state induced by SiNPsviathe interaction between platelet activation, coagulation hyperfunction, anti-coagulation and fibrinolytic resistance.
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Ren T, Shan J, Qing Y, Qian C, Li Q, Lu G, Li M, Li C, Peng Y, Luo H, Zhang S, Zhang W, Wang D, Zhou SF. Sequential treatment with AT-101 enhances cisplatin chemosensitivity in human non-small cell lung cancer cells through inhibition of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1-activated IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:2517-29. [PMID: 25548514 PMCID: PMC4271790 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s71432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AT-101, known as R-(–)-gossypol, is a potent anticancer agent, but its chemosensitizing effects remain elusive. The present study aimed to examine whether AT-101 could increase the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells to cisplatin (CDDP) and the underlying mechanisms. We evaluated the efficacy of the sequential treatment with AT-101 and CDDP using both in vitro and in vivo models. Our results showed that as compared to AT-101 or CDDP monotherapy, or AT-101 plus CDDP concurrent treatment, the sequential treatment significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration and induced tumor cell death. Moreover, the efficacy of the sequential treatment was also confirmed in a mouse A549 xenograft model. Our study revealed that AT-101 inhibited the reduced status of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) and attenuated APE1-mediated IL-6/STAT3 signaling activation by decreasing IL-6 protein expression; suppressing the STAT3–DNA binding; and reducing the expression of the downstream antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. In conclusion, AT-101 enhances the sensitivity of A549 cells to CDDP in vitro and in vivo through the inhibition of APE1-mediated IL-6/STAT3 signaling activation, providing a rationale for the combined use of AT-101 and CDDP in non-small cell lung cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ren
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China ; Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlu Shan
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Qing
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyuan Qian
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoshou Lu
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongyi Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Peng
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Luo
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiheng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Interrogation of gossypol therapy in glioblastoma implementing cell line and patient-derived tumour models. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:2275-86. [PMID: 25375271 PMCID: PMC4264441 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM), being a highly vascularised and locally invasive tumour, is an attractive target for anti-angiogenic and anti-invasive therapies. The GBM/endothelial cell response to gossypol/temozolomide (TMZ) treatment was investigated with a particular aim to assess treatment effects on cancer hallmarks. METHODS Cell viability, endothelial tube formation and GBM tumour cell invasion were variously assessed following combined treatment in vitro. The U87MG-luc2 subcutaneous xenograft model was used to investigate therapeutic response in vivo. Viable tumour response to treatment was interrogated using immunohistochemistry. Combined treatment protocols were also tested in primary GBM patient-derived cultures. RESULTS An endothelial/GBM cell viability inhibitory effect, as well as an anti-angiogenic and anti-invasive response, to combined treatment have been demonstrated in vitro. A significantly greater anti-proliferative (P=0.020, P=0.030), anti-angiogenic (P=0.040, P<0.0001) and pro-apoptotic (P=0.0083, P=0.0149) response was observed when combined treatment was compared with single gossypol/TMZ treatment response, respectively. GBM cell line and patient-specific response to gossypol/TMZ treatment was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that response to a combined gossypol/TMZ treatment is related to inhibition of tumour-associated angiogenesis, invasion and proliferation and warrants further investigation as a novel targeted GBM treatment strategy.
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Kaza N, Kohli L, Graham CD, Klocke BJ, Carroll SL, Roth KA. BNIP3 regulates AT101 [(-)-gossypol] induced death in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96733. [PMID: 24824755 PMCID: PMC4019476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive Schwann cell-derived sarcomas and are the leading cause of mortality in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Current treatment modalities have been largely ineffective, resulting in a high rate of MPNST recurrence and poor five-year patient survival. This necessitates the exploration of alternative chemotherapeutic options for MPNST patients. This study sought to assess the cytotoxic effect of the BH3-mimetic AT101 [(-)-gossypol] on MPNST cells in vitro and to identify key regulators of AT101-induced MPNST cell death. We found that AT101 caused caspase-independent, non-apoptotic MPNST cell death, which was accompanied by autophagy and was mediated through HIF-1α induced expression of the atypical BH3-only protein BNIP3. These effects were mediated by intracellular iron chelation, a previously unreported mechanism of AT101 cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niroop Kaza
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Latika Kohli
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Graham
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Barbara J. Klocke
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Steven L. Carroll
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kevin A. Roth
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gadelha ICN, Fonseca NBS, Oloris SCS, Melo MM, Soto-Blanco B. Gossypol toxicity from cottonseed products. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:231635. [PMID: 24895646 PMCID: PMC4033412 DOI: 10.1155/2014/231635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gossypol is a phenolic compound produced by pigment glands in cotton stems, leaves, seeds, and flower buds (Gossypium spp.). Cottonseed meal is a by-product of cotton that is used for animal feeding because it is rich in oil and proteins. However, gossypol toxicity limits cottonseed use in animal feed. High concentrations of free gossypol may be responsible for acute clinical signs of gossypol poisoning which include respiratory distress, impaired body weight gain, anorexia, weakness, apathy, and death after several days. However, the most common toxic effects is the impairment of male and female reproduction. Another important toxic effect of gossypol is its interference with immune function, reducing an animal's resistance to infections and impairing the efficiency of vaccines. Preventive procedures to limit gossypol toxicity involve treatment of the cottonseed product to reduce the concentration of free gossypol with the most common treatment being exposure to heat. However, free gossypol can be released from the bound form during digestion. Agronomic selection has produced cotton varieties devoid of glands producing gossypol, but these varieties are not normally grown because they are less productive and are more vulnerable to attacks by insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Cristina N. Gadelha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, BR 110 Km 47, 59628-360 Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Nayanna Brunna S. Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, BR 110 Km 47, 59628-360 Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Marília M. Melo
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Benito Soto-Blanco
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Pickel B, Schaller A. Dirigent proteins: molecular characteristics and potential biotechnological applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:8427-38. [PMID: 23989917 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dirigent proteins (DIRs) are thought to play important roles in plant secondary metabolism. They lack catalytic activity but direct the outcome of bimolecular coupling reactions toward regio- and stereospecific product formation. Functionally described DIRs confer specificity to the oxidative coupling of coniferyl alcohol resulting in the preferred production of either (+)- or (-)-pinoresinol, which are the first intermediates in the enantiocomplementary pathways for lignan biosynthesis. DIRs are extracellular glycoproteins with high β-strand content and have been found in all land plants investigated so far. Their ability to capture and orientate radicals represents a unique naturally evolved concept for the control of radical dimerization reactions. Although oxidative coupling is commonly used in biological systems, its wider application in chemical synthesis is often limited by insufficient selectivity. This minireview gives an overview of functionally described DIRs and their molecular characteristics and wants to inspire further research for their use in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pickel
- Department of Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, Büsgen-Institute, Georg-August University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany,
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Jin R, Sterling JA, Edwards JR, DeGraff DJ, Lee C, Park SI, Matusik RJ. Activation of NF-kappa B signaling promotes growth of prostate cancer cells in bone. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60983. [PMID: 23577181 PMCID: PMC3618119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced prostate cancer almost invariably develop osseous metastasis. Although many studies indicate that the activation of NF-κB signaling appears to be correlated with advanced cancer and promotes tumor metastasis by influencing tumor cell migration and angiogenesis, the influence of altered NF-κB signaling in prostate cancer cells within boney metastatic lesions is not clearly understood. While C4-2B and PC3 prostate cancer cells grow well in the bone, LNCaP cells are difficult to grow in murine bone following intraskeletal injection. Our studies show that when compared to LNCaP, NF-κB activity is significantly higher in C4-2B and PC3, and that the activation of NF-κB signaling in prostate cancer cells resulted in the increased expression of the osteoclast inducing genes PTHrP and RANKL. Further, conditioned medium derived from NF-κB activated LNCaP cells induce osteoclast differentiation. In addition, inactivation of NF-κB signaling in prostate cancer cells inhibited tumor formation in the bone, both in the osteolytic PC3 and osteoblastic/osteoclastic mixed C4-2B cells; while the activation of NF-κB signaling in LNCaP cells promoted tumor establishment and proliferation in the bone. The activation of NF-κB in LNCaP cells resulted in the formation of an osteoblastic/osteoclastic mixed tumor with increased osteoclasts surrounding the new formed bone, similar to metastases commonly seen in patients with prostate cancer. These results indicate that osteoclastic reaction is required even in the osteoblastic cancer cells and the activation of NF-κB signaling in prostate cancer cells increases osteoclastogenesis by up-regulating osteoclastogenic genes, thereby contributing to bone metastatic formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Jin
- Vanderbilt Prostate Cancer Center and Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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Xia L, Zhou H, Hu L, Xie H, Wang T, Xu Y, Liu J, Zhang X, Yan J. Both NF-κB and c-Jun/AP-1 involved in anti-β2GPI/β2GPI-induced tissue factor expression in monocytes. Thromb Haemost 2013; 109:643-51. [PMID: 23467542 DOI: 10.1160/th12-09-0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our previous data has demonstrated that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its signalling pathway can contribute to anti-β2-glycoprotein I/β2-glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI/β2GPI) -induced tissue factor (TF) expression in human blood monocytes and acute monocytic leukaemia cell line THP-1. However, its downstream nuclear transcription factors have not been well explored. In the current study, we further investigated whether nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein (AP-1) were activated and their roles in anti-β2GPI/β2GPI complex stimulating TF expression. The results showed that treatment of the cells with anti-β2GPI (10μg/ml)/β2GPI (100 mg/ml) complex could markedly increase the levels of phosphorylated NF-κB (p-NF-κB p65) and c-Jun/AP-1 (p-c-Jun), as well as TF expression. Both NF-κB inhibitor PDTC (20 μM) and AP-1 inhibitor curcumin (25 mM) could attenuate TF expression induced by anti-β2GPI/β2GPI or APS-IgG/β2GPI complex. Combination of any two inhibitors of MAPKs (SB203580/U0126 or SB203580/SP600125 or U0126/SP600125) could decrease activation of NF-κB. SB203580/SP600125 or U0126/SP600125, but not SB203580/U0126, could reduce the phosphorylation of c-Jun/AP-1. Neither NF-κB nor c-Jun/AP-1 activation caused by anti-β2GPI/β2GPI complex could be affected by TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242. In conclusion, our results indicate that both NF-κB and c-Jun/AP-1 can be activated and play important roles in the process of anti-β2GPI/β2GPI-induced TF expression in monocytes, thereby contributing to the pathological processes of antiphospholipid syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Hematology, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
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Xin J, Zhan Y, Xia L, Zhu H, Nie Y, Liang J, Tian J. ApoG2 as the most potent gossypol derivatives inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis on gastric cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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