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Feng YX, Tian P, Li CZ, Hu XD, Lin YJ. Elucidating the intricacies of the H 2S signaling pathway in gasotransmitters: Highlighting the regulation of plant thiocyanate detoxification pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116307. [PMID: 38593497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been increasing interest in elucidating the role of sulfur-containing compounds in plant metabolism, particularly emphasizing their function as signaling molecules. Among these, thiocyanate (SCN-), a compound imbued with sulfur and nitrogen, has emerged as a significant environmental contaminant frequently detected in irrigation water. This compound is known for its potential to adversely impact plant growth and agricultural yield. Although adopting exogenous SCN- as a nitrogen source in plant cells has been the subject of thorough investigation, the fate of sulfur resulting from the assimilation of exogenous SCN- has not been fully explored. There is burgeoning curiosity in probing the fate of SCN- within plant systems, especially considering the possible generation of the gaseous signaling molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) during the metabolism of SCN-. Notably, the endogenous synthesis of H2S occurs predominantly within chloroplasts, the cytosol, and mitochondria. In contrast, the production of H2S following the assimilation of exogenous SCN- is explicitly confined to chloroplasts and mitochondria. This phenomenon indicates complex interplay and communication among various subcellular organelles, influencing signal transduction and other vital physiological processes. This review, augmented by a small-scale experimental study, endeavors to provide insights into the functional characteristics of H2S signaling in plants subjected to SCN--stress. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the occurrence and trajectory of endogenous H2S and H2S derived from SCN--assimilation within plant organisms was performed, providing a focused lens for a comprehensive examination of the multifaceted roles of H2S in rice plants. By delving into these dimensions, our objective is to enhance the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms employed by the gasotransmitter H2S in plant adaptations and responses to SCN--stress, yielding invaluable insights into strategies for plant resilience and adaptive capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Feng
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China; Jiangmen Laboratory of Carbon Science and Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Jiangmen, Guangdong 529199, People's Republic of China; The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Tian
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Hu
- Jiangmen Laboratory of Carbon Science and Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Jiangmen, Guangdong 529199, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Juan Lin
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China; The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, People's Republic of China.
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Feng YX, Tian P, Lin YJ, Cao DY, Li CZ, Ullah A. Gaseous signaling molecule H 2S as a multitasking signal molecule in ROS metabolism of Oryza sativa under thiocyanate (SCN -) pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122816. [PMID: 37898431 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The induction of disruption in the electronic transport chain by thiocyanate (SCN-) leads to an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within rice (Oryza sativa). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) assumes a crucial role as a gaseous signaling molecule, holding significant potential in alleviating SCN--related stress. Nevertheless, there remains a dearth of understanding regarding the intricate interplay between H2S and ROS in Oryza sativa amidst SCN- pollution. In this investigation, a hydroponics-based experiment was meticulously devised to explore how H2S-mediated modifications influence the genetic feedback network governing ROS metabolism within the subcellular organelles of Oryza sativa when exposed to varying effective concentrations (EC20: 24 mg SCN/L; EC50: 96 mg SCN/L; EC75: 300 mg SCN/L) of SCN-. The findings unveiled the enhanced capacity of Oryza sativa to uptake SCN- under H2S + SCN- treatments in comparison to SCN- treatments alone. Notably, the relative growth rate (RGR) of seedlings subjected to H2S + SCN- exhibited a superior performance when contrasted with seedlings exposed solely to SCN-. Furthermore, the application of exogenous H2S yielded a significant reduction in ROS levels within Oryza sativa tissues during SCN- exposure. To elucidate the intricacies of gene regulation governing ROS metabolism at the mRNA level, the 52 targeted genes were categorized into four distinct types, namely: initial regulatory ROS generation genes (ROS-I), direct ROS scavenging genes (ROS-II), indirect ROS scavenging genes (ROS-III), and lipid oxidation genes (ROS-IV). On the whole, exogenous H2S exhibited the capacity to activate the majority of ROS-I ∼ ROS-IV genes within both Oryza sativa tissues at the EC20 concentration of SCN-. However, genetic positive/negative feedback networks emphasized the pivotal role of ROS-II genes in governing ROS metabolism within Oryza sativa. Notably, these genes were predominantly activated within the cytoplasm, chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Feng
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China; Jiangmen Laboratory of Carbon Science and Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Jiangmen, Guangdong, 529199, China.
| | - Peng Tian
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Yu-Juan Lin
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Dan-Yang Cao
- Jiangmen Laboratory of Carbon Science and Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Jiangmen, Guangdong, 529199, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Abid Ullah
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
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Wang L, Zhang L, An X, Xiao X, Zhang S, Xu Z, Cai H, Zhang Q. Thiocyanate-degrading microflora alleviates thiocyanate stress on tomato seedlings by improving plant and rhizosphere microenvironment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 232:116423. [PMID: 37327842 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thiocyanate in irrigation water can adversely affect plant growth and development. A previously constructed microflora with effective thiocyanate-degrading ability was used to investigate the potential of bacterial degradation for thiocyanate bioremediation. The root and aboveground part dry weight of plants inoculated with the degrading microflora increased by 66.67% and 88.45%, respectively, compared to those plants without the microflora. The supplementation of thiocyanate-degrading microflora (TDM) significantly alleviated the interference of thiocyanate in mineral nutrition metabolism. Moreover, the supplementation of TDM significantly reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage and it protected plants from excessive thiocyanate, while the crucial antioxidant enzyme (peroxidase) decreased by 22.59%. Compared with the control without TDM supplementation, the soil sucrase content increased by 29.58%. The abundances of Methylophilus, Acinetobacter, unclassified Saccharimonadales, and Rhodanobacter changed from 19.92%, 6.63%, 0.79%, and 3.90%-13.19%, 0.27%, 3.06%, and 5.14%, respectively, with TDM supplementation. Caprolactam, 5,6-dimethyldecane, and pentadecanoic acid seem to have an effect on the structure of the microbial community in the rhizosphere soil. The above results indicated TDM supplementation can significantly reduce the toxic effects of thiocyanate on the tomato-soil microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuwei Wang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China.
| | - Xuejiao An
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Xiaoshuang Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Shulin Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Zihang Xu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Huaixiang Cai
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China.
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Feng YX, Yang L, Lin YJ, Song Y, Yu XZ. Merging the occurrence possibility into gene co-expression network deciphers the importance of exogenous 2-oxoglutarate in improving the growth of rice seedlings under thiocyanate stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1086098. [PMID: 36909427 PMCID: PMC9995760 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1086098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Thiocyanate (SCN-) can find its way into cultivated fields, which might hamper the harmony in carbon and nitrogen metabolism (CNM) of plants, ebbing their quality and productivity. In the current study, we investigated the role of the exogenous application of 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) in maintaining homeostasis of CNM in rice seedlings under SCN- stress. Results showed that SCN- exposure significantly repressed the gene expression and activities of CNM-related enzymes (e.g., phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, and isocitrate dehydrogenases) in rice seedlings, thereby reducing their relative growth rate (RGR). Exogenous application of 2-OG effectively mitigated the toxic effects of SCN- on rice seedlings, judged by the aforementioned parameters. The co-expression network analysis showed that genes activated in CNM pathways were categorized into four modules (Modules 1-4). In order to identify the key module activated in CNM in rice seedlings exposed to SCN-, the results from real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) tests were used to calculate the possibility of the occurrence of genes grouped in four different modules. Notably, Module 3 showed the highest occurrence probability, which is mainly related to N metabolism and 2-OG synthesis. We can conclude that exogenous application of 2-OG can modify the imbalance of CNM caused by SCN- exposure through regulating N metabolism and 2-OG synthesis in rice seedlings.
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Gao JJ, Wang B, Li ZJ, Xu J, Fu XY, Han HJ, Wang LJ, Zhang WH, Deng YD, Wang Y, Gong ZH, Tian YS, Peng RH, Yao QH. Metabolic engineering of Oryza sativa for complete biodegradation of thiocyanate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153283. [PMID: 35066037 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Industrial thiocyanate (SCN-) waste streams from gold mining and coal coking have caused serious environmental pollution worldwide. Phytoremediation is an efficient technology in treating hazardous wastes from the environment. However, the phytoremediation efficiency of thiocyanate is very low due to the fact that plants lack thiocyanate degradation enzymes. In this study, the thiocyanate hydrolase module was assembled correctly in rice seedlings and showed thiocyanate hydrolase activity. Rice seedlings engineered to express thiocyanate degrading activity were able to completely remove thiocyanate from coking wastewater. Our findings suggest that transforming the thiocyanate hydrolase module into plants is an efficient strategy for rapid phytoremediation of thiocyanate in the environment. Moreover, the rice seedlings expressing apoplastic or cytoplasmic targeted thiocyanate hydrolase module were constructed to compare the phytoremediation efficiency of secretory/intracellular recombinant thiocyanate hydrolase. The most obvious finding from this study is that the apoplastic expression system is more efficient than the cytoplasm expression system in the phytoremediation of thiocyanate. At last, this research also shows that the secreted thiocyanate hydrolase from engineered rice plants does not influence rhizosphere bacterial community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jie Gao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Zhen-Jun Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Fu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Hong-Juan Han
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Wen-Hui Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yong-Dong Deng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Ze-Hao Gong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Tian
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China.
| | - Ri-He Peng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China.
| | - Quan-Hong Yao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China.
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Lin YJ, Feng YX, Yu XZ. The importance of utilizing nitrate (NO 3-) over ammonium (NH 4+) as nitrogen source during detoxification of exogenous thiocyanate (SCN -) in Oryza sativa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:5622-5633. [PMID: 34424467 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15959-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Thiocyanate (SCN-) is a nitrogen-containing pollutant, which can be involved in the nitrogen (N) cycle and interferes with plant growth. The current study highlights a new insight into the N (nitrate [NO3-] and ammonium [NH4+]) utilization ways in rice seedlings under SCN- exposure to clarify the interactive effect on uptake and assimilation between these N-containing chemicals. Phenotypically, relative growth rates (RGR) of NO3--fed seedlings were significantly higher than NH4+-fed rice seedlings at the same SCN- concentration. Both N fertilizations have no significant influence on SCN- content and its assimilation in rice seedlings. However, significant accumulation of NO3- and NH4+ were detected in shoots prior to roots under SCN- stress. Enzymatic assay and mRNA analysis showed that the carbonyl sulfide (COS) pathway of SCN- degradation occurred in both roots and shoots of NO3--fed seedlings but only evident in roots of NH4+-fed seedlings. Moreover, the effect of SCN- on the activity of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) was negligible in NO3--fed seedlings, while GOGAT activity was significantly inhibited in shoots of NH4+-fed seedlings. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) estimation provided positive evidence in utilizing NO3- over NH4+ as the main N source to support rice seedling growth during detoxification of exogenous SCN-. Overall, SCN- pollution has unexpectedly changed the rice preference for N source which shifted from NH4+ to NO3-, suggesting that the interactions of SCN- with different N sources in terms of uptake and assimilation in rice plants should not be overlooked, especially at the plant N nutritional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Juan Lin
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xi Feng
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
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Yu XZ, Chu YP, Zhang H, Lin YJ, Tian P. Jasmonic acid and hydrogen sulfide modulate transcriptional and enzymatic changes of plasma membrane NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and decrease oxidative damage in Oryza sativa L. during thiocyanate exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1511-1520. [PMID: 32821975 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is evident that the plasma membrane NADPH oxidases (NOXs) play an important role in the generation of superoxide radicals (O2-•) in plants during defense responses. This study was to clarify activation of NOXs in oxidative damage in Oryza sativa during SCN- exposure, particularly in the roles of jasmonic acid (JA) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on transcriptional and enzymatic changes of NOXs. Results indicated that enzymatic activity of NOXs in both roots and shoots was significantly enhanced during SCN- exposure, whereas the application of JA and H2S donor (NaHS) significantly repressed NOXs activity in SCN-treated rice seedlings. Similarly, ROS analysis showed that SCN- exposure elevated the content of O2-•, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in rice tissues significantly, whereas decreases in O2-• and H2O2 were detected in roots and shoots of SCN-treated rice seedlings due to application of JA and NaHS. PCR analysis revealed different expression patterns of 7 plasma membrane-localized NOX genes in rice roots and shoots against SCN- exposure, suggesting that various isogenes of NOXs might regulate and determine activity of NOXs in rice organs. In conclusion, SCN- exposure was able to trigger activation of NOXs effectively, and led to oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation; the effects of JA and NaHS on inactivation of NOXs was evident and tissue specific, which in turn modulated ROS accumulation in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhang Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, 541004, Guilin, PR China.
| | - Yun-Peng Chu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, 541004, Guilin, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, 541004, Guilin, PR China
| | - Yu-Juan Lin
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, 541004, Guilin, PR China
| | - Peng Tian
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, 541004, Guilin, PR China
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Alternative bioherbicide based on Trichoderma koningiopsis: Enzymatic characterization and its effect on cucumber plants and soil organism. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Feng YX, Lin YJ, Li CZ, Tian P, Trapp S, Yu XZ. Integration of RT-qPCR analysis and grey situation decision-making model for evaluating the effects of plant growth regulators on the gene expression in rice seedlings under thiocyanate exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:146805. [PMID: 33866160 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thiocyanate (SCN-) present in irrigation water can have negative effects on plant growth and crop yields. Addition of plant growth regulators (PGRs) can alleviate toxic stress to plants. In the current study, we established a grey situation decision-making model (GSDM) to integrate the data of RT-qPCR analysis for screening the optimal addition of PGRs to minimise pollution stress. The effects of PGRs (i.e., jasmonic acid [JA], indole-3-acetic acid [IAA] and sodium hydrosulfide [NaHS]) on the abundance of IAA oxidation and conjugation-related genes in rice seedlings under potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) exposure was examined. The results obtained from RT-qPCR analysis can roughly present the mitigating effects of IAA, JA, and NaHS on rice seedlings under KSCN stress. Integration of RT-qPCR analysis and GSDM further quantified the regulatory effects of PGRs. Simulation results showed that the effect of NaHS on the gene expression at KSCN exposure is apparently better than that of JA and IAA. Our study provides a new simple, efficient, and cheap approach to identify the optimal plant growth regulators under the stress of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Feng
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Juan Lin
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Tian
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Stefan Trapp
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
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Gao JJ, Wang B, Peng RH, Li ZJ, Xu J, Tian YS, Yao QH. Phytoremediation of multiple persistent pollutants co-contaminated soil by HhSSB transformed plant. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:110959. [PMID: 33722526 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The high toxicity of persistent pollutants limits the phytoremediation of pollutants-contaminated soil. In this study, heterologous expressing Halorhodospira halophila single-stranded DNA binding protein gene (HhSSB) improves tolerance to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), and thiocyanate (SCN-) in A. thaliana and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). The HhSSB transformed Arabidopsis, and tall fescue also exhibited enhanced phytoremediation of TNT, 2,4,6-TCP, and SCN- separately contaminated soil and co-contaminated soil compared to control plants. TNT assay was selected to explore the mechanism of how HhSSB enhances the phytoremediation of persistent pollutants. Our result indicates that HhSSB enhances the phytoremediation of TNT by enhancing the transformation of TNT in Arabidopsis. Moreover, transcriptomics and comet analysis revealed that HhSSB improves TNT tolerance through three pathways: strengthening the defense system, enhancing the ROS scavenging system, and reducing DNA damage. These results presented here would be particularly useful for further studies in the remediation of soil contaminated by organic and inorganic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jie Gao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Ri-He Peng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Zhen-Jun Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Tian
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Quan-Hong Yao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, China.
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11
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Ling QL, Feng YX, Lu CJ, Lin YJ, Yu XZ. Genetic variation and gene expression of anthocyanin synthesis and transport related enzymes in Oryza sativa against thiocyanate. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 160:18-26. [PMID: 33453461 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants exposed to environmental contaminants often synthesize anthocyanins (ATHs) as an approach to safeguard themselves from adverse impact. However, the overload of ATHs in plant cells can threaten their growth and development through proteins oxidization and intercalating with DNAs inside cells. In the present study, a microcosm hydroponic experiment was conducted using rice seedlings to investigate the molecular signaling pathways involved in regulating and controlling ATHs synthesis and transport exposed to thiocyanate (SCN-). Our results indicated that SCN- exposure significantly (p < 0.05) increased the expression of ATHs synthesis related genes (i.e., PAL, CHS, ANS, UFGT genes) in rice tissues, altered the activities of these ATHs synthesis related enzymes, and consequently elevated the ATHs content. However, SCN- exposure significantly decreased the expression of ATHs transport related genes (i.e., GST, ABC, MATE genes) in rice seedlings, suggesting that SCN- exposure have restrained ATHs transport from cytosol to vacuole in cells, eventually posing a significant adverse effect on cells survival. Our findings highlight on one of the plant aspects in managing the toxicity triggered by secondary metabolites under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Long Ling
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yu-Xi Feng
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Chun-Jiao Lu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yu-Juan Lin
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
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Lin YJ, Feng YX, Li YH, Yu G, Yu XZ. Fuzzy synthetic evaluation of the impact of plant growth regulators on the root phenotype traits of rice seedlings under thiocyanate stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:182-189. [PMID: 33160825 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is a novel strategy for allay of the adverse effects caused by biotic/abiotic stresses. However, no studies have vividly executed mathematic evaluation for the assessment of various PGRs on root phenotype traits (RPTs) against pollutants. In the present study, a microcosm hydroponic experiment was conducted to examine responses of RPTs under SCN- (0, 24, 96, and 300 mg SCN/L) stress in the presence of PGRs such as jasmonic acid (JA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) in rice plants. Fuzzy synthetic evaluation was applied to determine the outcome of the effects of various PGRs on the RPTs under SCN- exposure. Root scanning results indicated that exogenous IAA and NaHS has the greater potential for improving the RPTs of rice seedlings under SCN- stress, while JA failed to uplift the RPTs in response to SCN- stress. Fuzzy synthetic evaluation indicated that in control plants (without SCN-), the effect of three PGRs applied on the RPTs is as follows: NaHS > IAA > JA. At 24 mg SCN/L, NaHS and IAA had consistent actuate in regulating RPTs of rice seedlings, while all PGRs amended have an affirmative impact on RPTs at 96 and 300 mg SCN/L. The present research highlights the utilization of contemporary mathematic method to screen the superior species of PGRs through the RPTs test of plants under pollutant belt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Juan Lin
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xi Feng
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
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Gao JJ, Zhang L, Peng RH, Wang B, Feng HJ, Li ZJ, Yao QH. Recombinant expression of Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 glutathione S-transferase in Arabidopsis thaliana: an efficient tool for phytoremediation of thiocyanate. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1779127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jie Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ri-He Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hui-Juan Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhen-Jun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Quan-Hong Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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Lin YJ, Yu XZ, Li YH, Yang L. Inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory components (Complex I and Complex III) as stimuli to induce oxidative damage in Oryza sativa L. under thiocyanate exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125472. [PMID: 31995896 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Repression of the electron transport in mitochondria can result in an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells. This study was to clarify inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory components (Complex I and Complex III) as stimuli to induce oxidative damage in Oryza sativa L. under exogenous SCN- exposure with special emphasis on lipid peroxidation, protein modification, and DNA damage at the biochemical and molecular levels. Our results showed that enzymatic activity and gene expression of cytochrome c reductase (Complex III) in roots and shoots of rice seedlings were significantly repressed by SCN- exposure, where significant inhibition of NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) was only detected in shoots, suggesting that Complex III was the main target attacked by SCN- ligand in rice roots, and both components were arrested in shoots. ROS analysis in tissues indicated that SCN- exposure caused significant accumulation of H2O2 and O2-•, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl content in rice materials in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, a remarkable elevation of electrolyte leakage was observed in rice tissue samples. The comet assay indicated a positive correlation between DNA damage and external SCN- exposure. In conclusion, oxidative burst generated from the inhibitions of the electron transport in mitochondria in rice seedlings under SCN- exposure can cause lipid peroxidation, protein modification and DNA damage, eventually decreasing fresh weight of rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Juan Lin
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
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Han X, Zhang C, Wang C, Huang Y, Liu Z. Gadolinium inhibits cadmium transport by blocking non-selective cation channels in rice seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 179:160-166. [PMID: 31039458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-selective cation channels (NSCCs) play important roles in uptake of heavy metals in plants. However, little information is available concerning the contribution of NSCCs to cadmium (Cd) transport in rice seedlings. Results from the hydroponic experiment showed that the inhibition of 2.7 μM Cd on the development of rice roots was alleviated by adding 0.1 mM gadolinium (Gd) in nutrient solution, companied by reduction of Cd content by 55.3% in roots and by 45.0% in shoots. Inhibition of Gd on Cd accumulation in cytoplasm fraction (F3) was much greater than that in cell walls (F1) and organelles (F2) in roots. After increasing concentrations of Mn and Zn in nutrient solution, adding 0.1 mM Gd resulted in reductions in Cd content by 89.1%, in micronutrients by 54.9% and in macronutrients by 5.4% in roots, respectively. Cd stress resulted in significant increase of PC2∼4 and free amino acids, but decrease of V-ATPase activity by 32.3% in roots. These results indicate that NSCCs make a great contribution to uptake of Cd in rice seedlings and opportunities for Cd to be transported by NSCCs can be efficiently reduced by blocking NSCCs and/or increasing essential microelements like Mn and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Changbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Changrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yongchun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Zhongqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China, Tianjin, 300191, China.
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Lin YJ, Yu XZ, Zhang Q. Transcriptome analysis of Oryza sativa in responses to different concentrations of thiocyanate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:11696-11709. [PMID: 30806930 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Effective concentrations of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) to rice seedlings were experimentally determined using relative growth rate as a sensitive endpoint. Agilent 44-K rice microarray was used to profile the molecular responses of rice seedlings exposed to thiocyanate ion (SCN-) at three different effective concentrations (EC10, EC20, and EC50). A total of 18,498 known genes were collected from SCN-treated rice microarray analysis. Out of all, 1603, 1882, and 5085 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed at EC10, EC20, and EC50 concentrations, respectively. More upregulated/downregulated DEGs were detected in shoots than in roots after SCN- exposure. Gene functions and pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs indicated that different effective concentrations of SCN- resulted in multiple enriched GO categories and KEGG pathways and outcomes were quite tissue-specific. Different regulations and adaptations of gene expression in molecular function (MF), biological process (BP), and cellular components (CC) were observed in rice tissues at different effective concentrations of SCN-, suggesting their different responsive and adaptive strategies. Information collected here presents a detailed description of SCN-induced alternations of gene expression in rice seedlings and provide valuable information for further searching specific genes participating in transportation, phytotoxic responses, and detoxification of SCN- in rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Juan Lin
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
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Dimitrova T, Repmann F, Freese D. Detoxification of ferrocyanide in asoil-plant system. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 77:54-64. [PMID: 30573106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The detoxification of iron cyanide in a soil-plant system was investigated to assess the total cyanide extracted from contaminated soil and allocated in the leaf tissue of willow trees (Salix caprea). They were grown in soil containing up to 1000 mg/kg dry weight (dw) of cyanide (CN), added as 15N-labeled potassium ferrocyanide and prepared with a new method for synthesis of labeled iron cyanides. CN content and 15N enrichment were monitored weekly over the exposure in leaf tissue of different age. The 15N enrichment in the young and old leaf tissue reached up to 15.197‰ and 9063‰, respectively; it increased significantly over the exposure and with increasing exposure concentrations (p < 0.05). Although the CN accumulation in the old leaf tissue was higher, compared to the young leaf tissue (p < 0.05), the 15N enrichment in the two tissue types did not differ statistically. This indicates a non-uniform CN accumulation but a uniform 15N allocation throughout the leaf mass. Significant differences were detected between the measured CN content and the C15N content, calculated from the 15N enrichment (p < 0.05), revealing a significant CN fraction within the leaf tissue, which could not be detected as ionic CN. The application of labeled iron CN clearly shows that CN is detoxified during uptake by the willows. However, these results do not exclude other detoxification pathways, not related to the trees. Still, they are strongly indicative of the central role the trees played in CN removal and detoxification under the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Dimitrova
- Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 6, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany.
| | - Frank Repmann
- Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 6, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Dirk Freese
- Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 6, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany
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Nahar K, Hasanuzzaman M, Suzuki T, Fujita M. Polyamines-induced aluminum tolerance in mung bean: A study on antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal detoxification systems. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:58-73. [PMID: 27819117 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the roles of exogenously applied Spd (0.3 mM spermidine) in alleviating Al (AlCl3, 0.5 mM, 48 and 72 h)- induced injury in mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata L. cv. BARI Mung-2). Aluminum toxicity induced oxidative damage overproducing reactive oxygen species (ROS; H2O2 and O2•-), increasing lipoxygenase activity and membrane lipid peroxidation. The toxic compound methylglyoxal (MG) also overproduced under Al stress. In order to circumvent Al-induced oxidative stress, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense were activated by the application of exogenous Spd. Exogenous Spd increased ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) content, AsA/dehydroascorbate (DHA) ratio, GSH/ glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio, activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) which reduced ROS production and oxidative stress under Al stress. Spd-induced improvement of GSH pool and Gly II activity alleviated injurious effects of MG. Exogenous Spd positively modulated the endogenous PAs level. Regulating the osmoprotectant molecule (proline), Spd improved plant water status under Al stress. Exogenous Spd was potent to prevent breakdown of Al-induced photosynthetic pigment and to improve growth performances under Al stress. The mechanism by which Spd enhances antioxidant and glyoxalase components might be studied extensively. Spermidine-induced protection of photosynthetic pigment from damages and growth enhancement were remarkable and recommended for further detailed study to understand the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamrun Nahar
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Toshisada Suzuki
- Biomass Chemistry Laboratory, Bioresource Science for Manufacturing, Department of Applied Bioresource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan.
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Yu XZ, Zhang XH. Determination of the Michaelis-Menten kinetics and the genes expression involved in phyto-degradation of cyanide and ferri-cyanide. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:888-99. [PMID: 26992391 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydroponic experiments were conducted with different species of plants (rice, maize, soybean and willow) exposed to ferri-cyanide to investigate the half-saturation constant (K M ) and the maximal metabolic capacity (v max ) involved in phyto-assimilation. Three varieties for each testing species were collected from different origins. Measured concentrations show that the uptake rates responded biphasically to ferri-cyanide treatments by showing increases linearly at low and almost constant at high concentrations from all treatments, indicating that phyto-assimilation of ferri-cyanide followed the Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Using non-linear regression, the highest v max was by rice, followed by willows. The lowest v max was found for soybean. All plants, except maize (DY26) and rice (XJ12), had a similar K M value, suggesting the same enzyme was active in phyto-assimilation of ferri-cyanide. Transcript level, by real-time quantitative PCR, of enzymes involved in degradation of cyanides showed that the analyzed genes were differently expressed during different cyanides exposure. The expression of CAS and ST genes responded positively to KCN exposure, suggesting that β-CAS and ST pathways were two possible pathways for cyanide detoxification in rice. The transcript level of NIT and ASPNASE genes also showed a remarkable up-regulation to KCN, implying the contribution to the pool of amino acid aspartate, which is an end product of CN metabolism. Up-regulation of GS genes suggests that acquisition of ammonium released from cyanide degradation may be an additional nitrogen source for plant nutrition. Results also revealed that the expressions of these genes, except for GS, were relatively constant during iron cyanide exposure, suggesting that they are likely metabolized by plants through a non-defined pathway rather than the β-CAS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhang Yu
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory & Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue-Hong Zhang
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory & Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
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Yu XZ, Feng XH, Feng YX. Phytotoxicity and Transport of Gallium (Ga) in Rice Seedlings for 2-Day of Exposure. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 95:122-125. [PMID: 25634322 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydroponic experiments were conducted with rice seedlings to investigate the accumulation and phytotoxicity of gallium nitrate. A linear decrease in relative growth rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency was observed in rice seedlings with increasing Ga concentrations. However, inhibition of these selected parameters was noted different at different Ga treatments. Relative growth rate was more sensitive towards Ga treatments. Phyto-transport of Ga was apparent, but recovery of Ga in different parts of rice seedlings varied significantly: roots were dominant site for Ga accumulation. The total accumulation rates of Ga were positively correlated to Ga concentrations. Results indicated that the addition of Ga did not cause deleterious effects on plant physiological functions over a 2-day exposure period. Large amounts of Ga were removed from the hydroponic solution through rice seedlings. Accumulation of Ga in plant tissues resulted in growth inhibition of rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhang Yu
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China,
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Yu XZ, Zhang XH. DNA-protein cross-links involved in growth inhibition of rice seedlings exposed to Ga. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:10830-10838. [PMID: 25772880 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydroponic experiments were conducted with rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. XZX45) exposed to gallium nitrate (Ga(3+)) to investigate the accumulation of Ga in plant tissues and phytotoxic responses. Results showed that phyto-transport of Ga was apparent, and roots were the dominant site for Ga accumulation. The total accumulation rates of Ga responded biphasically to Ga treatments by showing increases at low (1.06-8.52 mg Ga/L) and constants at high (8.52-15.63 mg Ga/L) concentrations, suggesting that accumulation kinetics of Ga followed a typical saturation curve. Higher amount of Ga accumulation in plant tissues led to significant inhibition in relative growth rate and water use efficiency in a dose-dependent manner. DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) analysis revealed that overaccumulation of Ga in plant tissues positively stimulated formation of DPCs in roots. Likewise, the measure of root cell viability evaluated by Evan blue uptake showed a similar trend. These results suggested that Ga can be absorbed, transported, and accumulated in plant materials of rice seedlings. Overaccumulation of Ga in plant tissues provoked the formation of DPCs in roots, which resulted in cell death and growth inhibition of rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhang Yu
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China,
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Yu XZ, Zhang XH, Yue DM. Alternation of antioxidative enzyme gene expression in rice seedlings exposed to methylene blue. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:14014-14022. [PMID: 25037098 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydroponic experiments were conducted with rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. ND1) exposed to methylene blue (MB) to investigate the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and activities and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes. Results showed that a linear decrease in relative growth rate and water use efficiency was observed with rice seedlings with increasing MB concentrations. MB-induced accumulation of H2O2 was evident in both roots and shoots. The activities of antioxidative enzymes were analyzed and found to be different at different MB treatment concentrations. The activities of enzymes related to the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were more sensitive to MB treatments than other antioxidative enzymes. Transcript level, by real-time quantitative PCR, of antioxidative enzymes showed that the analyzed genes were differently expressed during different MB concentrations in both roots and shoots. The isoform analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene showed that the expressions of Cu/ZnSOD and MnSOD were relatively constant, where significant upregulation of FeSOD was observed with rice seedlings exposed to high MB concentrations. Furthermore, the expression of CAT, POD, and MDHAR genes responded biphasically to MB treatments by showing negligible changes at 1.56-15.63 μM MB and significant induction at 31.36-62.52 μM MB. The expression of GR, APX, and DHAR genes showed a remarkable induction to MB. Our results suggest that on transcription level, and in accordance with enzymatic responses, enzymes of GR, APX, and DHAR play central role in the H2O2 detoxification in rice seedlings under MB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhang Yu
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China,
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