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Du J, Izquierdo D, Xu HF, Beisner B, Lavaud J, Ohlund L, Sleno L, Juneau P. Responses to herbicides of Arctic and temperate microalgae grown under different light intensities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:121985. [PMID: 37301455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic ecosystems, microalgae are exposed to light fluctuations at different frequencies due to daily and seasonal changes. Although concentrations of herbicides are lower in Arctic than in temperate regions, atrazine and simazine, are increasingly found in northern aquatic systems because of long-distance aerial dispersal of widespread applications in the south and antifouling biocides used on ships. The toxic effects of atrazine on temperate microalgae are well documented, but very little is known about their effects on Arctic marine microalgae in relation to their temperate counterparts after light adaptation to variable light intensities. We therefore investigated the impacts of atrazine and simazine on photosynthetic activity, PSII energy fluxes, pigment content, photoprotective ability (NPQ), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content under three light intensities. The goal was to better understand differences in physiological responses to light fluctuations between Arctic and temperate microalgae and to determine how these different characteristics affect their responses to herbicides. The Arctic diatom Chaetoceros showed stronger light adaptation capacity than the Arctic green algae Micromonas. Atrazine and simazine inhibited the growth and photosynthetic electron transport, affected the pigment content, and disturbed the energy balance between light absorption and utilization. As a result, during high light adaptation and in the presence of herbicides, photoprotective pigments were synthesized and NPQ was highly activated. Nevertheless, these protective responses were insufficient to prevent oxidative damage caused by herbicides in both species from both regions, but at different extent depending on the species. Our study demonstrates that light is important in regulating herbicide toxicity in both Arctic and temperate microalgal strains. Moreover, eco-physiological differences in light responses are likely to support changes in the algal community, especially as the Arctic ocean becomes more polluted and bright with continued human impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal-GRIL-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montréal, Canada
| | - Disney Izquierdo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal-GRIL-EcotoQ-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montréal, Canada
| | - Hai-Feng Xu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Beatrix Beisner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL), Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
| | - Johann Lavaud
- TAKUVIK International Research Laboratory IRL3376, Université Laval (Canada) - CNRS (France), Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045 Av. de la Médecine, Local 2064, G1V 0A6, Québec, Canada; LEMAR-Laboratory of Environmental Marine Sciences, UMR6539, CNRS/Univ Brest/Ifremer/IRD, Institut Universitaire Européen de La Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Leanne Ohlund
- Chemistry Department, Université du Québec à Montréal-EcotoQ-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Lekha Sleno
- Chemistry Department, Université du Québec à Montréal-EcotoQ-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal-GRIL-EcotoQ-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montréal, Canada.
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Du J, Izquierdo D, Naoum J, Ohlund L, Sleno L, Beisner BE, Lavaud J, Juneau P. Pesticide responses of Arctic and temperate microalgae differ in relation to ecophysiological characteristics. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 254:106323. [PMID: 36435012 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polar ecosystems play an important role in global primary production. Microalgae have adaptations that enable them to live under low temperature environments where irradiance and day length change drastically. Their adaptations, leading to different ecophysiological characteristics relative to temperate species, could also alter their sensitivity to pollutants such as pesticides. This study's objective was to understand how different ecophysiological characteristics influence the response of Arctic phytoplankton to pesticides in relation to the responses of their temperate counterparts. Ecophysiological endpoints were related to growth, cell biovolume, pigment content, photosynthetic activity, photoprotective mechanisms (NPQ, antioxidant enzyme activities), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. The Arctic species Micromonas polaris was more resistant to atrazine and simazine than its temperate counterpart Micromonas bravo. However, the other Arctic species Chaetoceros neogracilis was more sensitive to these herbicides than its temperate counterpart Chaetoceros neogracile. With respect to two other pesticide toxicity, both temperate microalgae were more sensitive to trifluralin, while Arctic microalgae were more sensitive to chlorpyrifos (insecticide). All differences could be ascribed to differences in the eco-physiological features of the two microalgal groups, which can be explained by cell size, pigment content, ROS content and protective mechanisms (NPQ and antioxidant enzymes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, GRIL-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Disney Izquierdo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, GRIL-EcotoQ-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Jonathan Naoum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, GRIL-EcotoQ-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Leanne Ohlund
- Chemistry Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, EcotoQ-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Lekha Sleno
- Chemistry Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, EcotoQ-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Beatrix E Beisner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie (GRIL), Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Johann Lavaud
- TAKUVIK International Research Laboratory IRL3376, Université Laval (Canada) - CNRS (France), Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045 av. de la Médecine, local 2064, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada; LEMAR-Laboratory of Environmental Marine Sciences, UMR6539, CNRS/Univ Brest/Ifremer/IRD, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, GRIL-EcotoQ-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Kong W, Huang S, Shen B, Ekaterina P, Khatoon Z, Yun H. Experimental study on effects of prometryn exposure scenarios on Microcystis aeruginosa growth and N and P concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:12138-12151. [PMID: 36109479 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single exposure toxicity tests of herbicides like prometryn are commonly applied in studying ecological and environmental issues, but they are more likely exposed to microalgae through multiple applications of irrigation and water flow. The toxicity of prometryn towards Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) at different growth stages (different exposure period) was determined by single and multiple exposures (different exposure mode) through 39-day batch-experiment comparison study. Inhibition rates showed that M. aeruginosa growth was greatly inhibited by exposure to prometryn in a final concentration of 80 and 160 μg·L-1 (p < 0.05). Specifically, with the same prometryn exposure periods (lag or exponential phase) and concentrations, a single exposure displayed larger toxicity on M. aeruginosa than repetitive additions of prometryn in general according to inhibition rates. Moreover, with the same prometryn exposure modes and concentrations, inhibitory effect was higher with prometryn exposure in lag phase than that in exponential phase according to M. aeruginosa densities and inhibition rates. In general, variations of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) with time responded negatively to M. aeruginosa growth, and added prometryn inhibits the utilization rate of both P and N. Logistic function was well used to describe algae densities (R2 = 0.979 ~ 0.995), growth rates (R2 = 0.515 ~ 0.731), specific growth rates (R2 = 0.301 ~ 0.648) and inhibition rates (R2 = 0.357 ~ 0.946) along with its combination with Monod function. In addition, results showed that shifts of limiting nutrients could be prompted by not only M. aeruginosa growth but also prometryn exposure scenarios. This study provides a basis for studying the potential harm of prometryn to the ecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Suiliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Boxiong Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Priakhina Ekaterina
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Zobia Khatoon
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Huigwang Yun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
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Zhao L, Yang M, Yu X, Liu L, Gao C, Li H, Fu S, Wang W, Wang J. Presence and distribution of triazine herbicides and their effects on microbial communities in the Laizhou Bay, Northern China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114460. [PMID: 36521363 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the distribution of triazine herbicides in the Laizhou Bay, China and found that the total concentrations of triazine herbicides in the seawater and sediments were 111.15-234.85 ng/L and 0.902-4.661 μg/kg, respectively. Triazine herbicides especially ametryn, atrazine, and simazine were negatively correlated with prokaryote diversity in the seawater. While ametryn, desethylatrazine and desisopropylatrazine had positively significant effects on eukaryotes Dinophyceae, Bacillariophyta, and Cercozoa in the sediments. Moreover, the degree of fragmentation of eukaryotic networks increased dramatically with the increasing numbers of removed nodes, but prokaryotic networks did not change with the decrease of nodes. In addition, the stability analysis and neutral community models revealed that eukaryotes were more sensitive to triazine herbicides than prokaryotes. These results suggest that triazine herbicides might affect the structure and interactions of microbial communities. Therefore, more attentions should be paid to the ecological risk of triazine herbicides in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchao Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mengyao Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Huaxin Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Sui Fu
- Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Effects of Prometryn Exposure Scenarios on Microcystis aeruginosa Growth and Water Qualities in Incubator Experiments. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although multiple herbicide exposures are more prospective to occur in water, many previous studies were carried out as single herbicide exposure. To investigate the toxic effect of prometryn on cyanobacteria and water qualities, single and double prometryn exposures (at different growth phases) on Microcystis aeruginosa growth and concentrations of nutrients were compared after a 44-day experiment. Results indicated that under single exposure, maximum inhibition rates were 4.7–12.0% higher than those under double exposures. Correspondingly, the maximum Microcystis aeruginosa densities and growth rates under single exposure were 10.3–21.1% and 19.5–37.7% lower than those under double exposures (p < 0.05), respectively. These findings revealed that repeated prometryn exposures resulted in a reduction in biological effects, because the time of application and the concentration injected during the first application were both significant factors in the biological effects of prometryn. Prometryn exposure scenarios did not have a significant effect on nutrient or nutrient consumption concentrations (p > 0.05). In general, the pattern of nutrient limitation showed a shift from phosphorus to nitrogen limitation. The quantified relationships between Microcystis aeruginosa growth rates and consumed nutrients were studied. Based on the above findings, we believe that a high-dose and single prometryn exposure is a more effective exposure pattern for limiting cyanobacteria growth.
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Castro MS, Barbosa FG, Guimarães PS, Martins CDMG, Zanette J. A scientometric analysis of ecotoxicological studies with the herbicide atrazine and microalgae and cyanobacteria as test organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:25196-25206. [PMID: 33453026 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. A scientometric study was conducted to analyze the evolution of research on ATZ. The study also looked at the use of microalgae and cyanobacteria as biological models for toxicity tests during the period from 1959 to 2019, in the category of toxicology of Web of Science. The results show an increase in the number of scientific publications mainly in the USA, Canada, and China. The majority of papers was published in journals with high impact factors, demonstrating the relevance of such studies. About 83% of the studies aimed to evaluate the effect of ATZ on non-target organisms. From those, 7.5% included microalgae and cyanobacteria. The majority of them worked with chlorophyceae to perform toxicity bioassays of ATZ and analyze its sublethal effects. The gaps identified by this analysis included a small number of collaborations between research groups from different countries; the number of studies with terrestrial organisms, which are larger in comparison to aquatic organisms; and the fact that none of the studies with ATZ and microalgae was performed in the field. These findings can point out to researchers and funding agencies the gaps in knowledge on the toxic effects of ATZ and guide the development of new research projects as well as environmental policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muryllo Santos Castro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Gonçalves Barbosa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Pablo Santos Guimarães
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Camila De Martinez Gaspar Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano Zanette
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
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Yang Z, Huang S, Kong W, Chen L, Ekaterina P, Khatoon Z, Ashraf MN, Akram W. Effects of fish feed addition scenarios with prometryn on Microcystis aeruginosa growth and water qualities. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111810. [PMID: 33360217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The number of undesirable environmental impacts of fish feed has been reported widely. Although repeated fish feed exposures are more prospective to occur in water, previous studies were mostly conducted as a single exposure of fish feed. In order to fill these gaps, a 40 days incubator experiment was conducted to explore the effects of fish feed addition scenarios during the lag phase with prometryn on both Microcystis aeruginosa growth and concentrations of nutrients. The maximum algae densities in groups of single exposure were 6.0-26.2% and 8.8-74.4% higher than those in groups of double and triple exposures, respectively (P < 0.05). At the beginning of the experiment, concentrations of nutrients in groups with different feed exposure scenarios were significantly different. The pattern of nutrient limitation showed a transformation from phosphorus limitation to nitrogen limitation generally. Furthermore, the average inhibition rates of algae by prometryn in the case of a single fish feed exposure were 4.6-9.4% lower than those under double exposures, and 22.0-26.8% lower than those under triple exposures (P < 0.05). In addition, algae growth rates have been developed as a function of concentrations of consumed nutrients (R2 = 0.410-0.932). Based on the above results, we concluded that in terms of limiting algae growth multiple low-dosage additions of fish feed were considered as a better addition pattern. By optimizing feed addition scenarios, there is considerable potential to increase the environmental sustainability of aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Suiliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Wenwen Kong
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Priakhina Ekaterina
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zobia Khatoon
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Muhammad Nabil Ashraf
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Waseem Akram
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Cruces E, Barrios AC, Cahue YP, Januszewski B, Gilbertson LM, Perreault F. Similar toxicity mechanisms between graphene oxide and oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in Microcystis aeruginosa. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129137. [PMID: 33288276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthetic microorganisms, the toxicity of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) is typically characterized by a decrease in growth, viability, photosynthesis, as well as the induction of oxidative stress. However, it is currently unclear how the shape of the carbon structure in CNMs, such as in the 1-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) compared to the two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO), affects the way they interact with cells. In this study, the effects of GO and oxidized multi-walled CNTs were compared in the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa to determine the similarities or differences in how the two CNMs interact with and induce toxicity to cyanobacteria. Using change in Chlorophyll a concentrations, the effective concentrations inducing 50% inhibition (EC50) at 96 h are found to be 11.1 μg/mL and 7.38 μg/mL for GO and CNTs, respectively. The EC50 of the two CNMs were not found to be statistically different. Changes in fluorescein diacetate and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescence, measured at the EC50 concentrations, suggest a decrease in esterase enzyme activity but no oxidative stress. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy imaging did not show extensive membrane damage in cells exposed to GO or CNTs. Altogether, the decrease in metabolic activity and photosynthetic activity without oxidative stress or membrane damage support the hypothesis that both GO and CNTs induced indirect toxicity through physical mechanisms associated with light shading and cell aggregation. This indirect toxicity explains why the intrinsic differences in shape, size, and surface properties between CNTs and GO did not result in differences in how they induce toxicity to cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Cruces
- Centro de Investigaciones Costeras Universidad de Atacama, Avenida Copayapu 485, Copiapo, Chile
| | - Ana C Barrios
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, United States
| | - Yaritza P Cahue
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, United States
| | - Brielle Januszewski
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, United States
| | - Leanne M Gilbertson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - François Perreault
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, United States.
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Yan P, Guo JS, Zhang P, Xiao Y, Li Z, Zhang SQ, Zhang YX, He SX. The role of morphological changes in algae adaptation to nutrient stress at the single-cell level. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142076. [PMID: 32920391 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Individual cell heterogeneity within a population can be critical to its peculiar function and fate. Conventional algal cell-based assays mainly analyze the average responses from a population of algal cells. Therefore, the mechanisms through which changes in population characteristics are driven by the behavior of single algal cells are still not well understood. Algal cells may modulate their physiology and metabolism by changing their morphology in response to environmental stress. In this study, an algal single-cell culture and analysis system was developed to investigate the potential role of morphological changes by algal cells during adaptation to nutrient stress based on a microwell array chip. The surface-to-volume ratio of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) and the volume of Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus) significantly increased with increasing culture time under nutrient stress. The eccentricity of M. aeruginosa and S. obliquus gradually increased and decreased, respectively, with increasing culture time, indicating that the morphology of M. aeruginosa and S. obliquus became increasingly irregular and regular, respectively, under nutrient stress. There were significant correlations between the morphological characteristics and physiological characteristics of M. aeruginosa and S. obliquus under nutrient stress. In M. aeruginosa, an increased surface-to-volume ratio facilitated a high specific fluorescence intensity, specific Raman intensity, and maximum electron transport rate. In S. obliquus, increased cell volume enhanced nutrient absorption, which facilitated a higher specific growth rate. M. aeruginosa and S. obliquus adopted different adaptation strategies in response to nutrient stress based on morphological changes. These findings facilitate the development of management strategies for controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yan
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jin-Song Guo
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Shu-Qing Zhang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shi-Xuan He
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
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10
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Hu N, Xu Y, Sun C, Zhu L, Sun S, Zhao Y, Hu C. Removal of atrazine in catalytic degradation solutions by microalgae Chlorella sp. and evaluation of toxicity of degradation products via algal growth and photosynthetic activity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111546. [PMID: 33254405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Degradation solutions containing atrazine need to be further purified before they are discharged into the aquatic environment. With the objectives of evaluating removal capacity of the microalga Chlorella sp. toward atrazine in degradation solutions and toxicity of the degradation products, we investigated the removal efficiency (RE) and bioaccumulation of atrazine in the microalgae after an 8 d exposure to diluted degraded solutions containing 40 μg/L and 80 μg/L of atrazine as well as degradation products in the present study. Moreover, pure atrazine solutions with similar concentrations were simultaneously inoculated with the microalgae in order to distinguish the influence of the products. The photocatalytic degradation results showed that 31.4% of atrazine was degraded after 60 min, and three degradation products, desisopropyl-atrazine (DIA), desethyl-atrazine (DEA), and desethyl-desisopropyl-atrazine (DEIA) were detected. After an 8-d exposure, 83.0% and 64.3% of atrazine were removed from the degraded solutions containing 40 μg/L and 80 μg/L of atrazine, respectively. In comparison with the control, i.e., pure atrazine solution with equal concentration, Chlorella sp. in the degraded atrazine solution showed lower RE and growth rate. The photosynthetic parameters, especially performance index (PIABS), clearly displayed the differences between treatments. The values of PIABS of Chlorella sp. cultured in degradation atrazine for 8 days were significantly lower (P < 0.01) than that in the corresponding pure atrazine, suggesting potential inhibitory effect of degradation products on the microalgae. Atrazine and the degradation products inhibited algal photosynthesis via depressed light absorption and electron transport, and reduced utilization of light energy via energy dissipation. Our results demonstrated that microalgae Chlorella sp. had an encouraging atrazine removal potential and the degradation products of atrazine may inhibit algal growth and removal capability. This study may be useful for the application of microalgae in herbicide wastewater treatment and understanding algal removal of atrazine in natural aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naitao Hu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yinfeng Xu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Chen Sun
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Lianwen Zhu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Shiqing Sun
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China
| | - Changwei Hu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China.
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11
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Vonk JA, Kraak MHS. Herbicide Exposure and Toxicity to Aquatic Primary Producers. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 250:119-171. [PMID: 32945954 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present review was to give an overview of the current state of science concerning herbicide exposure and toxicity to aquatic primary producers. To this end we assessed the open literature, revealing the widespread presence of (mixtures of) herbicides, inevitably leading to the exposure of non-target primary producers. Yet, herbicide concentrations show strong temporal and spatial variations. Concerning herbicide toxicity, it was concluded that the most sensitive as well as the least sensitive species differed per herbicide and that the observed effect concentrations for some herbicides were rather independent from the exposure time. More extensive ecotoxicity testing is required, especially considering macrophytes and marine herbicide toxicity. Hence, it was concluded that the largest knowledge gap concerns the effects of sediment-associated herbicides on primary producers in the marine/estuarine environment. Generally, there is no actual risk of waterborne herbicides to aquatic primary producers. Still, median concentrations of atrazine and especially of diuron measured in China, the USA and Europe represented moderate risks for primary producers. Maximum concentrations due to misuse and accidents may even cause the exceedance of almost 60% of the effect concentrations plotted in SSDs. Using bioassays to determine the effect of contaminated water and sediment and to identify the herbicides of concern is a promising addition to chemical analysis, especially for the photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides using photosynthesis as endpoint in the bioassays. This review concluded that to come to a reliable herbicide hazard and risk assessment, an extensive catch-up must be made concerning macrophytes, the marine environment and especially sediment as overlooked and understudied environmental compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Arie Vonk
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Michiel H S Kraak
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Yang L, Li H, Zhang Y, Jiao N. Environmental risk assessment of triazine herbicides in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea and their toxicity to phytoplankton at environmental concentrations. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105175. [PMID: 31629173 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides have been increasingly used worldwide and a large amount of herbicide residue eventually enters the ocean via groundwater or surface run-off every year. However, the global coastal pollution status of herbicides and their negative impact on marine life (especially phytoplankton) in natural environmental concentrations are poorly understood except for few special environments (e.g. the Great Barrier Reef, Australia). Our field investigation of the distribution of ten triazine herbicides in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea of China revealed that the concentrations of triazine herbicides exceeded the "No Observed Effect Concentrations" for phytoplankton. Their total concentrations could be as high as 6.61 nmol L-1. Based on the concentration addition model, the toxicity of herbicide homologues is usually cumulative, and the combined toxicity of these ten triazine herbicides could cause 13.2% inhibition on the chlorophyll a fluorescence intensity of a representative diatom species Phaeodactylum tricornutum Pt-1, which corresponds roughly to the toxicity of atrazine in an equivalent concentration of 14.08 nmol L-1. Atrazine in this equivalent-effect concentration could greatly inhibit the growth of cells, the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and nutrient absorption of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Pt-1. Transcriptome analysis revealed that multiple metabolic pathways (Calvin cycle, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, etc.) related with photosynthesis and carbon metabolism were greatly disturbed, which might ultimately influence the primary productivity of coastal waters. Moreover, with the values of its bioaccumulation factor ranging from 69.6 to 118.9, atrazine was found to be accumulated in algal cells, which indicates that herbicide pollution might eventually affect the marine food web and even threaten the seafood safety of human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
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13
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Study on Microcystis aeruginosa growth in incubator experiments by combination of Logistic and Monod functions. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Khadra M, Planas D, Girard C, Amyot M. Age matters: Submersion period shapes community composition of lake biofilms under glyphosate stress. Facets (Ott) 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2018-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphonate herbicide glyphosate, which is the active ingredient in the commercial formulation Roundup®, is currently the most globally used herbicide. In aquatic ecosystems, periphytic biofilms, or periphyton, are at the base of food webs and are often the first communities to be in direct contact with runoff. Microcosm experiments were conducted to assess the effects of a pulse exposure of glyphosate on community composition and chlorophyll a concentrations of lake biofilms at different colonization stages (2 months, 1 year, and 20 years). This is the first study that uses such contrasting submersion periods. Biofilms were exposed to either environmental levels of pure analytical grade glyphosate (6 μg/L, 65 μg/L, and 600 μg/L) or to corresponding phosphorus concentrations. Community composition was determined by deep sequencing of the 18S and 16S rRNA genes to target eukaryotes and cyanobacteria, respectively. The results showed that submersion period was the only significant contributor to community structure. However, at the taxon level, the potentially toxic genus Anabaena was found to increase in relative abundance. We also observed that glyphosate releases phosphorus into the surrounding water, but not in a bioavailable form. The results of this study indicate that environmental concentrations of glyphosate do not seem to impact the community composition or metabolism of lake biofilms under pulse event conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Khadra
- Groupe interuniversitaire en limnologie et en environnement aquatique (GRIL), Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90 Vincent d’Indy, Montréal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada
| | - Dolors Planas
- Groupe interuniversitaire en limnologie et en environnement aquatique (GRIL), Département de sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Catherine Girard
- Sentinelle Nord, Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Université Laval, 1030 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marc Amyot
- Groupe interuniversitaire en limnologie et en environnement aquatique (GRIL), Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90 Vincent d’Indy, Montréal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada
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15
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Smedbol É, Gomes MP, Paquet S, Labrecque M, Lepage L, Lucotte M, Juneau P. Effects of low concentrations of glyphosate-based herbicide factor 540 ® on an agricultural stream freshwater phytoplankton community. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 192:133-141. [PMID: 29100121 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Residual glyphosate from glyphosate based herbicides (GBH) are ubiquitously detected in streams draining agricultural fields, and may affect phytoplankton communities present in these ecosystems. Here, the effects of the exposure (96 h) of a phytoplankton community collected in an agricultural stream to various glyphosate concentrations (1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 μg l-1) of Factor 540® GBH were investigated. The lowest GBH concentration of 1 μg l-1 reduced chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents. Low glyphosate concentrations, such as 5 and 10 μg l-1, promoted changes in the community's structure and reduced the diversity of the main algal species. At glyphosate concentrations ranging from 50 to 1000 μg l-1, the phytoplankton community's composition was modified and new main species appeared. The highest glyphosate concentrations (500 and 1000 μg l-1) affected the shikimate content, the lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase). These results indicate that GBH can modify structural and functional properties of freshwater phytoplankton communities living in streams located in agricultural areas at glyphosate concentrations much inferior to the 800 μg l-1 threshold set by the Canadian guidelines for the protection of aquatic life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élise Smedbol
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences Biologiques - GRIL - TOXEN, Laboratory of Aquatic Microorganism Ecotoxicology, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement & GEOTOP, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences Biologiques - GRIL - TOXEN, Laboratory of Aquatic Microorganism Ecotoxicology, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Serge Paquet
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement & GEOTOP, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Université de Montréal, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, 4101, Rue Sherbrooke Est, H1X 2B2, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Lepage
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement & GEOTOP, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Lucotte
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement & GEOTOP, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences Biologiques - GRIL - TOXEN, Laboratory of Aquatic Microorganism Ecotoxicology, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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