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van Wel L, Huss A, Kromhout H, Momoli F, Krewski D, Langer CE, Castaño-Vinyals G, Kundi M, Maule M, Miligi L, Sadetzki S, Albert A, Alguacil J, Aragones N, Badia F, Bruchim R, Goedhart G, de Llobet P, Kiyohara K, Kojimahara N, Lacour B, Morales-Suarez-Varela M, Radon K, Remen T, Weinmann T, Vrijheid M, Cardis E, Vermeulen R. Validation of mobile phone use recall in the multinational MOBI-kids study. Bioelectromagnetics 2024. [PMID: 38778512 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Potential differential and non-differential recall error in mobile phone use (MPU) in the multinational MOBI-Kids case-control study were evaluated. We compared self-reported MPU with network operator billing record data up to 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years before the interview date from 702 subjects aged between 10 and 24 years in eight countries. Spearman rank correlations, Kappa coefficients and geometric mean ratios (GMRs) were used. No material differences in MPU recall estimates between cases and controls were observed. The Spearman rank correlation coefficients between self-reported and recorded MPU in the most recent 3 months were 0.57 and 0.59 for call number and for call duration, respectively. The number of calls was on average underestimated by the participants (GMR = 0.69), while the duration of calls was overestimated (GMR = 1.59). Country, years since start of using a mobile phone, age at time of interview, and sex did not appear to influence recall accuracy for either call number or call duration. A trend in recall error was seen with level of self-reported MPU, with underestimation of use at lower levels and overestimation of use at higher levels for both number and duration of calls. Although both systematic and random errors in self-reported MPU among participants were observed, there was no evidence of differential recall error between cases and controls. Nonetheless, these sources of exposure measurement error warrant consideration in interpretation of the MOBI-Kids case-control study results on the association between children's use of mobile phones and potential brain cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk van Wel
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Franco Momoli
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewski
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chelsea E Langer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Institute of Environmental Health, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Milena Maule
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lucia Miligi
- Unit of Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Prevention and Research Institute (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Siegal Sadetzki
- Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Alex Albert
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Alguacil
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Salud y Medio Ambiente (CYSMA), Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Nuria Aragones
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology Section, Public Health Division, Department of Health of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Badia
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Revital Bruchim
- Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Geertje Goedhart
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia de Llobet
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Brigitte Lacour
- French National Registry of Childhood Solid Tumors, CHU, Nancy, France
- Inserm UMR1153, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Team (EPICEA), Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Maria Morales-Suarez-Varela
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Unit of Public Health and Environmental Care, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Katja Radon
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Remen
- Inserm UMR1153, Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Team (EPICEA), Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Tobias Weinmann
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Sharifian MJ, Igland J, Klungsøyr K, Engeland A, Zhou A, Bjørge T. Incidence trends of adult glioma in Norway and its association with occupation and education: A registry-based cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol 2024; 89:102524. [PMID: 38367313 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2024.102524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas constitute 75 % of all malignant primary adult brain tumors. Being the most frequent histologic subtype, glioblastomas (GBMs) cause substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide and the Nordic countries have some of the highest incidence rates in the world. Therefore, we investigated the incidence of gliomas in Norway including time trends and associations with education and occupation. METHODS We retrieved individual-level data from databases at Statistics Norway containing information on education and occupation and linked them to data on adult glioma patients diagnosed during 2004-21 from the Cancer Registry of Norway. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) (World Standard Population) were calculated and analyzed with regards to sex and morphology. Poisson regression was used to test for time-trends, and to analyze the associations between education, occupation and glioma incidence, adjusted for age, sex, and calendar year. Estimates were reported as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The overall ASIR of gliomas (per 100,000 person-years) was 7.1 (95 % CI 6.9-7.3), with no specific time trend during the study period. The incidence increased with age. Compared to the other subtypes, GBMs were diagnosed at older ages. The risks of developing glioma overall and GBM were associated with occupation but not with educational level. The relative risk of glioma and GBM were respectively 1.17 (95 % CI 1.05-1.31) and 1.17 (95 % CI 1.02-1.35) among high-skilled white-collar workers compared to blue-collar workers. CONCLUSIONS The overall and sex-specific ASIRs of gliomas and GBMs did not show any noticeable time trends. The higher risk of developing glioma overall and GBM in high-skilled white-collar workers compared to blue-collar workers calls for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jannicke Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Health and Social Science, Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kari Klungsøyr
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Engeland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ange Zhou
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Cal State East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA
| | - Tone Bjørge
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
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Oraby T, Chakraborty S, Sivaganesan S, Kincl L, Richardson L, McBride M, Siemiatycki J, Cardis E, Krewski D. Adjusting for Berkson error in exposure in ordinary and conditional logistic regression and in Poisson regression. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:225. [PMID: 37817074 PMCID: PMC10566152 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-02044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND INTEROCC is a seven-country cohort study of occupational exposures and brain cancer risk, including occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF). In the absence of data on individual exposures, a Job Exposure Matrix (JEM) may be used to construct likely exposure scenarios in occupational settings. This tool was constructed using statistical summaries of exposure to EMF for various occupational categories for a comparable group of workers. METHODS In this study, we use the Canadian data from INTEROCC to determine the best EMF exposure surrogate/estimate from three appropriately chosen surrogates from the JEM, along with a fourth surrogate based on Berkson error adjustments obtained via numerical approximation of the likelihood function. In this article, we examine the case in which exposures are gamma-distributed for each occupation in the JEM, as an alternative to the log-normal exposure distribution considered in a previous study conducted by our research team. We also study using those surrogates and the Berkson error adjustment in Poisson regression and conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Simulations show that the introduced methods of Berkson error adjustment for non-stratified analyses provide accurate estimates of the risk of developing tumors in case of gamma exposure model. Alternatively, and under some technical assumptions, the arithmetic mean is the best surrogate when a gamma-distribution is used as an exposure model. Simulations also show that none of the present methods could provide an accurate estimate of the risk in case of stratified analyses. CONCLUSION While our previous study found the geometric mean to be the best exposure surrogate, the present study suggests that the best surrogate is dependent on the exposure model; the arithmetic means in case of gamma-exposure model and the geometric means in case of log-normal exposure model. However, we could present a better method of Berkson error adjustment for each of the two exposure models. Our results provide useful guidance on the application of JEMs for occupational exposure assessments, with adjustment for Berkson error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Oraby
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.
| | - Santanu Chakraborty
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Siva Sivaganesan
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Laurel Kincl
- College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lesley Richardson
- CRCHUM, Centre de Recherche Hospitalier de L'université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jack Siemiatycki
- CRCHUM, Centre de Recherche Hospitalier de L'université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada
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Lee AK, Choi HD. Dosimetric assessment in the brain for downlink EMF exposure in Korean mobile communication networks. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116542. [PMID: 37414391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Because the position and direction of the human body is not fixed in an actual environment, the incidence direction of the electromagnetic field (EMF) from mobile communication base stations, WiFi access points, broadcasting towers, and other far-field sources is arbitrary. To analyze the overall health effects of radio frequency EMF exposure, the dosimetric assessment for such environmental exposures created from an unspecified number of sources in daily life, along with exposures from specific EMF sources, must be quantified. This study is aimed at numerically evaluating the time-averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) of the human brain for environmental EMF exposure in the frequency range of 50-5800 MHz. Whole-body exposure to EMFs that are evenly incident spatially is considered. By comparing the results of several incidence directions and the number of polarizations, an optimal calculation condition has been derived. Finally, based on the results measured in Seoul at the end of 2021, the SAR and daily specific energy absorption (SA) in the brains of both a child and an adult for downlink exposures from 3G to 5G base stations are reported. Comparison results of the daily brain SA for exposure to DL EMF in all 3G to 5G mobile networks and exposure to a 10-min voice call (uplink EMF) using a mobile phone connected to a 4G network show that the SA from the downlinks is much higher than that from the uplinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae-Kyoung Lee
- Radio Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, South Korea.
| | - Hyung-Do Choi
- Radio Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, South Korea
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Turuban M, Kromhout H, Vila J, Vallbona-Vistós M, Baldi I, Turner MC. Personal exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in various occupations in Spain and France. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 180:108156. [PMID: 37722304 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A preliminary job-exposure matrix (JEM) for radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) was created based on self-reported occupational information from a multi-country population-based study of approximately 10,000 participants combined with available measurement data compiled in a source-exposure matrix (spot measurements). In order to address the limited personal occupational RF-EMF measurement data available in the literature, we performed a measurement campaign among workers in various occupations in Spain and France. METHODS Personal full-shift measurements were conducted using RadMan 2XT™ (Narda) devices. A worker diary was used to capture information on occupational and background sources of RF exposure during the shift. Inclusion of occupations to be measured was initially based on exposure prevalence and level information in the preliminary JEM and expert judgment. RESULTS Personal full-shift measurements were conducted among 333 workers representing 46 ISCO88 occupations. Exposure to electric (E) and magnetic (H) fields was infrequent with >99% of measurements below the detection limit of the device (≥1% of the 1998 ICNIRP standards). A total of 50.2% and 77.2% of workers were ever exposed to E and H fields respectively (having at least one recorded 1-second measurement above the detection limit). Workers in elementary occupations, technicians and associate professionals, plant and machine operators and assemblers had somewhat greater numbers of measurements above the detection limit, higher maximum values and longer exposure durations. A small proportion of measurements were ≥100% of the standards, though these exceedances were brief (generally a few seconds in duration). Female workers and workers reporting use of any RF-EMF emitting source were more likely to have a measured exposure to E and H fields. CONCLUSION We conducted personal RF-EMF measurements among workers in various occupations in Spain and France. Overall, RF-EMF exposure ≥1 % ICNIRP was infrequent, despite some intermittent exposures ≥100% observed among workers in some occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Turuban
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Vila
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Radiation Protection and Environmental Monitoring, Wexford, Ireland
| | | | - Isabelle Baldi
- INSERM UMR 1219 Epicene Team, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France; Service Santé Travail Environnement, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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Uddin M, Dhanta R, Pitti T, Barsasella D, Scholl J, Jian WS, Li YCJ, Hsu MH, Syed-Abdul S. Incidence and Mortality of Malignant Brain Tumors after 20 Years of Mobile Use. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3492. [PMID: 37444602 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: This population-based study was performed to examine the trends of incidence and deaths due to malignant neoplasm of the brain (MNB) in association with mobile phone usage for a period of 20 years (January 2000-December 2019) in Taiwan. (2) Methods: Pearson correlation, regression analysis, and joinpoint regression analysis were used to examine the trends of incidence of MNB and deaths due to MNB in association with mobile phone usage. (3) Results: The findings indicate a trend of increase in the number of mobile phone users over the study period, accompanied by a slight rise in the incidence and death rates of MNB. The compound annual growth rates further support these observations, highlighting consistent growth in mobile phone users and a corresponding increase in MNB incidences and deaths. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest a weaker association between the growing number of mobile phone users and the rising rates of MNB, and no significant correlation was observed between MNB incidences and deaths and mobile phone usage. Ultimately, it is important to acknowledge that conclusive results cannot be drawn at this stage and further investigation is required by considering various other confounding factors and potential risks to obtain more definitive findings and a clearer picture.
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Grants
- 106-2923-E-038-001-MY2, 107-2923-E-038-001 -MY2, 106-2221-E-038-005, 108-2221-E-038-013, 110-2923-E-038-001-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- 106-3805-004-111, 106-3805-018-110, 108-3805-009-110 Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
- 108-6604-002-400 Ministry of Education, Taiwan
- 106TMU-WFH-01-4 Wanfang hospital, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohy Uddin
- Research Quality Management Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rozy Dhanta
- Faculty of Management Sciences and Liberal Arts, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 508976, India
| | - Thejkiran Pitti
- International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT), College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Diana Barsasella
- International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT), College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 15F., No. 172-1, Sec. 2, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Records and Health Information, Health Polytechnic of Health Ministry Tasikmalaya, Tasikmalaya 6574, Indonesia
| | | | - Wen-Shan Jian
- International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT), College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Jack Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 15F., No. 172-1, Sec. 2, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, 15F., No. 172-1, Sec. 2, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shabbir Syed-Abdul
- International Center for Health Information Technology (ICHIT), College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 15F., No. 172-1, Sec. 2, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei 110, Taiwan
- School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Howell AE, Relton C, Martin RM, Zheng J, Kurian KM. Role of DNA methylation in the relationship between glioma risk factors and glioma incidence: a two-step Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6590. [PMID: 37085538 PMCID: PMC10121678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic evidence suggests glioma risk is altered by leukocyte telomere length, allergic disease (asthma, hay fever or eczema), alcohol consumption, childhood obesity, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and triglyceride levels. DNA methylation (DNAm) variation influences many of these glioma-related traits and is an established feature of glioma. Yet the causal relationship between DNAm variation with both glioma incidence and glioma risk factors is unknown. We applied a two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) approach and several sensitivity analyses (including colocalization and Steiger filtering) to assess the association of DNAm with glioma risk factors and glioma incidence. We used data from a recently published catalogue of germline genetic variants robustly associated with DNAm variation in blood (32,851 participants) and data from a genome-wide association study of glioma risk (12,488 cases and 18,169 controls, sub-divided into 6191 glioblastoma cases and 6305 non-glioblastoma cases). MR evidence indicated that DNAm at 3 CpG sites (cg01561092, cg05926943, cg01584448) in one genomic region (HEATR3) had a putative association with glioma and glioblastoma risk (False discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05). Steiger filtering provided evidence against reverse causation. Colocalization presented evidence against genetic confounding and suggested that differential DNAm at the 3 CpG sites and glioma were driven by the same genetic variant. MR provided little evidence to suggest that DNAm acts as a mediator on the causal pathway between risk factors previously examined and glioma onset. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use MR to appraise the causal link of DNAm with glioma risk factors and glioma onset. Subsequent analyses are required to improve the robustness of our results and rule out horizontal pleiotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Howell
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kathreena M Kurian
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Deltour I, Poulsen AH, Johansen C, Feychting M, Johannesen TB, Auvinen A, Schüz J. Time trends in mobile phone use and glioma incidence among males in the Nordic Countries, 1979-2016. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 168:107487. [PMID: 36041243 PMCID: PMC9463632 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the Nordic countries, the use of mobile phones increased sharply in the mid-1990s especially among middle-aged men. We investigated time trends in glioma incidence rates (IR) with the perspective to inform about the plausibility of brain tumour risks from mobile phone use reported in some case-control studies. METHODS We analysed IR of glioma in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden among men aged 40-69 years, using data from national cancer registries and population statistics during 1979-2016, using log-linear joinpoint analysis. Information on regular mobile phone use and amount of call-time was obtained from major studies of mobile phones in these countries. We compared annual observed incidence with that expected under various risk scenarios to assess which of the reported effect sizes are compatible with the observed IR. The expected numbers of cases were computed accounting for an impact of other factors besides mobile phone use, such as improved cancer registration. RESULTS Based on 18,232 glioma cases, IR increased slightly but steadily with a change of 0.1% (95 %CI 0.0%; 0.3%) per year during 1979-2016 among 40-59-year-old men and for ages 60-69, by 0.6 % (95 %CI 0.4; 0.9) annually. The observed IR trends among men aged 40-59 years were incompatible with risk ratios (RR) 1.08 or higher with a 10-year lag, RR ≥ 1.2 with 15-year lag and RR ≥ 1.5 with 20-year lag. For the age group 60-69 years, corresponding effect sizes RR ≥ 1.4, ≥2 and ≥ 2.5 could be rejected for lag times 10, 15 and 20 years. DISCUSSION This study confirms and reinforces the conclusions that no changes in glioma incidence in the Nordic countries have occurred that are consistent with a substantial risk attributable to mobile phone use. This particularly applies to virtually all reported risk increases reported by previous case-control studies with positive findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Deltour
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | | | | | - Maria Feychting
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anssi Auvinen
- Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere, Finland; STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Leszczynski D. Review of the scientific evidence on the individual sensitivity to electromagnetic fields (EHS). REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:423-450. [PMID: 34229366 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Part of the population considers themselves as sensitive to the man-made electromagnetic radiation (EMF) emitted by powerlines, electric wiring, electric home appliance and the wireless communication devices and networks. Sensitivity is characterized by a broad variety of non-specific symptoms that the sensitive people claim to experience when exposed to EMF. While the experienced symptoms are currently considered as a real life impairment, the factor causing these symptoms remains unclear. So far, scientists were unable to find causality link between symptoms experienced by sensitive persons and the exposures to EMF. However, as presented in this review, the executed to-date scientific studies, examining sensitivity to EMF, are of poor quality to find the link between EMF exposures and sensitivity symptoms of some people. It is logical to consider that the sensitivity to EMF exists but the scientific methodology used to find it is of insufficient quality. It is time to drop out psychology driven provocation studies that ask about feelings-based non-specific symptoms experienced by volunteers under EMF exposure. Such research approach produces only subjective and therefore highly unreliable data that is insufficient to prove, or to disprove, causality link between EHS and EMF. There is a need for a new direction in studying sensitivity to EMF. The basis for it is the notion of a commonly known phenomenon of individual sensitivity, where individuals' responses to EMF depend on the genetic and epigenetic properties of the individual. It is proposed here that new studies, combining provocation approach, where volunteers are exposed to EMF, and high-throughput technologies of transcriptomics and proteomics are used to generate objective data, detecting molecular level biochemical responses of human body to EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Leszczynski
- Adjunct Professor of Biochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Barnes F, Freeman JER. Some thoughts on the possible health effects of electric and magnetic fields and exposure guidelines. Front Public Health 2022; 10:994758. [PMID: 36187692 PMCID: PMC9521330 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.994758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Concerns about the possible health effects from exposure to weak electric and magnetic (EM) fields have been debated since the early 1960s. It is now well established that biological systems respond to exposure to weak EM fields at energy levels well below the current safety guidelines which result in modification of their functionality without significant changes in temperature. These observations are adding to the debate over what should be done to protect the users of cellular telecommunications systems. Experimental results showing both increases and decreases in cancer cell growth rates and concentration of reactive oxygen species for exposure to nano-Tesla magnetic fields at both radio frequencies (RF) and extra low frequencies (ELF) are cited in this paper. Some theoretical models on how variations in EM exposure can lead to different biological outcomes and how feedback and repair processes often mitigate potential health effects due to long-term exposure to low-level EM energy sources are presented. Of particular interest are the application of the radical pair mechanisms that affect polarization of electrons, and nuclear spins and the importance of time-delayed feedback loops and the timing of perturbations to oscillations in biological systems. These models help account for some of the apparently conflicting experimental results reported and suggest further investigation. These observations are discussed with particular emphasis on setting future safety guidelines for exposure to electromagnetic fields in cellular telecommunications systems. The papers cited are a very small fraction of those in the literature showing both biological effects and no effects from weak electric and magnetic fields.
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Auvinen A, Cardis E, Blettner M, Moissonnier M, Sadetzki S, Giles G, Johansen C, Swerdlow A, Cook A, Fleming S, Berg-Beckhoff G, Iavarone I, Parent ME, Woodward A, Tynes T, McBride M, Krewski D, Feychting M, Takebayashi T, Armstrong B, Hours M, Siemiatycki J, Lagorio S, Larsen SB, Schoemaker M, Klaeboe L, Lönn S, Schüz J. Diagnostic radiological examinations and risk of intracranial tumours in adults-findings from the Interphone Study. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:537-546. [PMID: 34648614 PMCID: PMC9082802 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation is among the few well-established brain tumour risk factors. We used data from the Interphone study to evaluate the effects of exposure to low-dose radiation from diagnostic radiological examinations on glioma, meningioma and acoustic neuroma risk. METHODS Brain tumour cases (2644 gliomas, 2236 meningiomas, 1083 neuromas) diagnosed in 2000-02 were identified through hospitals in 13 countries, and 6068 controls (population-based controls in most centres) were included in the analysis. Participation across all centres was 64% for glioma cases, 78% for meningioma cases, 82% for acoustic neuroma cases and 53% for controls. Information on previous diagnostic radiological examinations was obtained by interviews, including the frequency, timing and indication for the examinations. Typical brain doses per type of examination were estimated based on the literature. Examinations within the 5 years before the index date were excluded from the dose estimation. Adjusted odds ratios were estimated using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS No materially or consistently increased odds ratios for glioma, meningioma or acoustic neuroma were found for any specific type of examination, including computed tomography of the head and cerebral angiography. The only indication of an elevated risk was an increasing trend in risk of meningioma with the number of isotope scans, but no such trends for other examinations were observed. No gradient was found in risk with estimated brain dose. Age at exposure did not substantially modify the findings. Sensitivity analyses gave results consistent with the main analysis. CONCLUSIONS There was no consistent evidence for increased risks of brain tumours with X-ray examinations, although error from selection and recall bias cannot be completely excluded. A cautious interpretation is warranted for the observed association between isotope scans and meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anssi Auvinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere
University, Tampere, Finland
- STUK—Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki,
Finland
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Centre for Research in
Environmental Epidemiology, Universitat Pompeu Funebra, Barcelona,
Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Graham Giles
- Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer
Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer
Research, London, UK
| | - Angus Cook
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western
Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Marie-Elise Parent
- INRS Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la
Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Alistair Woodward
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland,
Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tore Tynes
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mary McBride
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dan Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of
Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Bruce Armstrong
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW,
Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Minouk Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer
Research, London, UK
| | - Lars Klaeboe
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Østerås, Norway
| | - Stefan Lönn
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Region Halland, Research and Development, Sweden
| | - Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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12
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van Wel L, Liorni I, Huss A, Thielens A, Wiart J, Joseph W, Röösli M, Foerster M, Massardier-Pilonchery A, Capstick M, Cardis E, Vermeulen R. Radio-frequency electromagnetic field exposure and contribution of sources in the general population: an organ-specific integrative exposure assessment. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:999-1007. [PMID: 33654268 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve an integrated radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) dose assessment, detailed information about source-specific exposure duration and output power is needed. We developed an Integrated Exposure Model (IEM) to combine energy absorbed due to use of and exposure to RF-EMF sources and applied it to a sample of the general population to derive population RF-EMF estimates. The IEM used specific absorption rate transfer algorithms to provide RF-EMF daily dose estimates (mJ/kg/day) using source-specific attributes (e.g. output power, distance), personal characteristics and usage patterns. Information was obtained from an international survey performed in four European countries with 1755 participants. We obtained median whole-body and whole-brain doses of 183.7 and 204.4 mJ/kg/day. Main contributors to whole-brain dose were mobile phone near the head for calling (2G networks) and far-field sources, whereas the latter together with multiple other RF-EMF sources were main contributors for whole-body dose. For other anatomical sites, 2G phone calls, mobile data and far-field exposure were important contributors. The IEM provides insight into main contributors to total RF-EMF dose and, applied to an international survey, provides an estimate of population RF-dose. The IEM can be used in future epidemiological studies, risk assessments and exposure reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk van Wel
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ilaria Liorni
- Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT'IS Foundation), Zeughausstrasse, 43, 8004, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arno Thielens
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, IMEC, Waves Research Group, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley Wireless Research Center, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Joe Wiart
- Chair C2M, LTCI Télecom Paris, Institut polytechnique de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Wout Joseph
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, IMEC, Waves Research Group, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, 4051, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Milena Foerster
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, 4051, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amelie Massardier-Pilonchery
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Ifsttar, UMRESTTE, UMR T_9405, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373, Lyon, France
- Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Myles Capstick
- Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT'IS Foundation), Zeughausstrasse, 43, 8004, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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13
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Kim S, Han D, Ryu J, Kim K, Kim YH. Effects of mobile phone usage on sperm quality - No time-dependent relationship on usage: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111784. [PMID: 34333014 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile phones emit radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic waves (EMWs), a low-level RF that can be absorbed by the human body and exert potential adverse effects on the brain, heart, endocrine system, and reproductive function. Owing to the novel findings of numerous studies published since 2012 regarding the effect of mobile phone use on sperm quality, we conducted a systematic review and updated meta-analysis to determine whether the exposure to RF-EMWs affects human sperm quality. METHODS This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The outcome measures depicting sperm quality were motility, viability, and concentration, which are the most frequently used parameters in clinical settings to assess fertility. RESULTS We evaluated 18 studies that included 4280 samples. Exposure to mobile phones is associated with reduced sperm motility, viability, and concentration. The decrease in sperm quality after RF-EMW exposure was not significant, even when the mobile phone usage increased. This finding was consistent across experimental in vitro and observational in vivo studies. DISCUSSION Accumulated data from in vivo studies show that mobile phone usage is harmful to sperm quality. Additional studies are needed to determine the effect of the exposure to EMWs from new mobile phone models used in the present digital environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjoon Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 50612, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Han
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 50612, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Ryu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 50612, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihun Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, 49267, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 50612, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 50612, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Choi KH, Ha J, Bae S, Lee AK, Choi HD, Ahn YH, Ha M, Joo H, Kwon HJ, Jung KW. Mobile Phone Use and Time Trend of Brain Cancer Incidence Rate in Korea. Bioelectromagnetics 2021; 42:629-648. [PMID: 34541704 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the time trends in mobile phone subscriber number by mobile network generation (G) and brain cancer incidence by type in Korea. We obtained data from the Information Technology Statistics of Korea (1984-2017) and Korea Central Cancer Registry (1999-2017). The average annual percent change was estimated using Joinpoint regression analysis. We evaluated 29,721 brain cancer cases with an age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of 2.89/100,000 persons. The glioma and glioblastoma annual ASR significantly increased in 2.6% and 3.9% of males and 3.0% and 3.8% of females, respectively. The ASR for frontal lobe involvement was the highest. The ASR of gliomas of unspecified grade annually increased by 7.8%; those for unspecified topology and histology decreased. The incidence of glioma, glioblastoma, frontal, temporal, and high-grade glioma increased among those aged ≥60 years. No association was observed between the mobile phone subscriber number and brain cancer incidence in Korea. Furthermore, long-term research is warranted because of the latency period of brain cancer. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwa Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Johyun Ha
- Division of Cancer Registration and Surveillance, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Kyoung Lee
- Radio Technology Research Department, ETRI, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Do Choi
- Radio Technology Research Department, ETRI, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Joo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Jung
- Division of Cancer Registration and Surveillance, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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15
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Saunders CN, Kinnersley B, Culliford R, Cornish AJ, Law PJ, Houlston RS. Relationship between genetically determined telomere length and glioma risk. Neuro Oncol 2021; 24:171-181. [PMID: 34477880 PMCID: PMC8804896 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Telomere maintenance is increasingly recognized as being fundamental to glioma oncogenesis with longer leukocyte telomere length (LTL) reported to increase risk of glioma. To gain further insight into the relationship between telomere genetics and risk of glioma, we conducted several complementary analyses, using genome-wide association studies data on LTL (78 592 individuals) and glioma (12 488 cases and 18 169 controls). Methods We performed both classical and summary Mendelian randomization (SMR), coupled with heterogeneity in dependent instruments tests, at genome-wide significant LTL loci to examine if an association was mediated by the same causal variant in glioma. To prioritize genes underscoring glioma-LTL associations, we analyzed gene expression and DNA methylation data. Results Genetically increased LTL was significantly associated with increased glioma risk, random-effects inverse variance weighted ORs per 1 SD unit increase in the putative risk factor (odds ratio [OR]SD) 4.79 (95% confidence interval: 2.11-10.85; P = 1.76 × 10−4). SMR confirmed the previously reported LTL associations at 3q26.2 (TERC; PSMR = 1.33 × 10−5), 5p15.33 (TERT; PSMR = 9.80 × 10−27), 10q24.33 (STN1 alias OBFC1; PSMR = 4.31 × 10−5), and 20q13.3 (STMN3/RTEL1; PSMR = 2.47 × 10−4) glioma risk loci. Our analysis implicates variation at 1q42.12 (PSMR = 1.55 × 10−2), 6p21.3 (PSMR = 9.76 × 10−3), 6p22.2 (PSMR = 5.45 × 10−3), 7q31.33 (PSMR = 6.52 × 10−3), and 11q22.3 (PSMR = 8.89 × 10−4) as risk factors for glioma risk. While complicated by patterns of linkage disequilibrium, genetic variation involving PARP1, PRRC2A, CARMIL1, POT1, and ATM-NPAT1 was implicated in the etiology of glioma. Conclusions These observations extend the role of telomere-related genes in the development of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie N Saunders
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Ben Kinnersley
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Richard Culliford
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Alex J Cornish
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
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16
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Villeneuve PJ, Momoli F, Parent MÉ, Siemiatycki J, Turner MC, Krewski D. Cell phone use and the risk of glioma: are case-control study findings consistent with Canadian time trends in cancer incidence? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111283. [PMID: 34029549 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There remains controversy as to whether cell phones cause cancer. We evaluated whether temporal changes in cell phone use and the incidence of glioma in Canada were consistent with the hypothesis of an increased risk. DESIGN We used data from the Canadian Cancer Registry to calculate annual incidence rates for glioma between 1992 and 2015. The annual number of new cell phone subscribers was determined using national industry statistics. The number of newly diagnosed gliomas was compared to the predicted number by applying risks from epidemiological studies to age-specific population estimates. Specifically, we calculated the "predicted" number of incident gliomas by determining the annual prevalence of cell phone users and years of use. These estimates were multiplied by the corresponding risk estimates to determine the predicted number of gliomas. RESULTS The number of cellular subscriptions in Canada increased from nil in the early-1980s to approximately 29.5 million in 2015. In contrast, age-standardized glioma incidence rates remained stable between 1992 and 2015. When applying risk estimates from i) a recent pooled analysis of Swedish case-control studies, ii) the 13 country INTERPHONE study, and iii) more recent results from data collected from the Canadian component of the INTERPHONE these risks overestimated the observed number of glioma cases diagnosed in Canada in 2015 by 50%, 86%, and 63%, respectively. INTERPRETATION Predictions of glioma incidence counts using estimates of the relative risk of glioma due to cell phone use from case-control studies over-estimated the incidence rates of glioma in Canada. The absence of an elevation in incidence rates of glioma in conjunction with marked increases in cell phone use suggests that there may not be a causal link between cellphones and glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Villeneuve
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Herzberg Building, Room 5413, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Franco Momoli
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marie-Élise Parent
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Laval, QC, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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17
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Comment on Choi et al. Cellular Phone Use and Risk of Tumors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8079. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105459. [PMID: 34065238 PMCID: PMC8160657 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In September 2020, Choi et al. published their paper "Cellular Phone Use and Risk of Tumors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [...].
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18
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Saunders CN, Cornish AJ, Kinnersley B, Law PJ, Claus EB, Il'yasova D, Schildkraut J, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Olson SH, Bernstein JL, Lai RK, Chanock S, Rajaraman P, Johansen C, Jenkins RB, Melin BS, Wrensch MR, Sanson M, Bondy ML, Houlston RS. Lack of association between modifiable exposures and glioma risk: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:207-215. [PMID: 31665421 PMCID: PMC7442418 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The etiological basis of glioma is poorly understood. We have used genetic markers in a Mendelian randomization (MR) framework to examine if lifestyle, cardiometabolic, and inflammatory factors influence the risk of glioma. This methodology reduces bias from confounding and is not affected by reverse causation. Methods We identified genetic instruments for 37 potentially modifiable risk factors and evaluated their association with glioma risk using data from a genome-wide association study of 12 488 glioma patients and 18 169 controls. We used the estimated odds ratio of glioma associated with each of the genetically defined traits to infer evidence for a causal relationship with the following exposures: Lifestyle and dietary factors—height, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1, blood carnitine, blood methionine, blood selenium, blood zinc, circulating adiponectin, circulating carotenoids, iron status, serum calcium, vitamins (A1, B12, B6, E, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D), fatty acid levels (monounsaturated, omega-3, and omega-6) and circulating fetuin-A; Cardiometabolic factors—birth weight, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, basal metabolic rate, body fat percentage, body mass index, fasting glucose, fasting proinsulin, glycated hemoglobin levels, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio; and Inflammatory factors— C-reactive protein, plasma interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha and serum immunoglobulin E. Results After correction for the testing of multiple potential risk factors and excluding associations driven by one single nucleotide polymorphism, no significant association with glioma risk was observed (ie, PCorrected > 0.05). Conclusions This study did not provide evidence supporting any of the 37 factors examined as having a significant influence on glioma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie N Saunders
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alex J Cornish
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Ben Kinnersley
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth B Claus
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dora Il'yasova
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Cancer Control and Prevention Program, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joellen Schildkraut
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Cancer Control and Prevention Program, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences and the Cleveland Center for Health Outcomes Research, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonine L Bernstein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rose K Lai
- Departments of Neurology and Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephen Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Preetha Rajaraman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christoffer Johansen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Survivorship, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Oncology Clinic, Finsen Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert B Jenkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Margaret R Wrensch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marc Sanson
- Sorbonne University, National Center for Scientific Research, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Brain and Spinal Cord Institute, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology Mazarin 2, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Group, Paris, France
| | - Melissa L Bondy
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Saunders CN, Cornish AJ, Kinnersley B, Law PJ, Houlston RS. Searching for causal relationships of glioma: a phenome-wide Mendelian randomisation study. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:447-454. [PMID: 33020596 PMCID: PMC7852872 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aetiology of glioma is poorly understood. Summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) can be used in a Mendelian randomisation (MR) phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) to search for glioma risk factors. METHODS We performed an MR-PheWAS analysing 316 phenotypes, proxied by 8387 genetic variants, and summary genetic data from a GWAS of 12,488 glioma cases and 18,169 controls. Causal effects were estimated under a random-effects inverse-variance-weighted (IVW-RE) model, with robust adjusted profile score (MR-RAPS), weighted median and mode-based estimates computed to assess the robustness of findings. Odds ratios per one standard deviation increase in each phenotype were calculated for all glioma, glioblastoma (GBM) and non-GBM tumours. RESULTS No significant associations (P < 1.58 × 10-4) were observed between phenotypes and glioma under the IVW-RE model. Suggestive associations (1.58 × 10-4 < P < 0.05) were observed between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) with all glioma (ORSD = 3.91, P = 9.24 × 10-3) and GBM (ORSD = 4.86, P = 3.23 × 10-2), but the association was primarily driven by the TERT variant rs2736100. Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasma HbA1C showed suggestive associations with glioma (ORSD = 1.11, P = 1.39 × 10-2 and ORSD = 1.28, P = 1.73 × 10-2, respectively), both associations being reliant on single genetic variants. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides further insight into the aetiological basis of glioma for which published data have been mixed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie N Saunders
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
| | - Alex J Cornish
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Ben Kinnersley
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
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Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field in the High-Frequency Band and Cognitive Function in Children and Adolescents: A Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249179. [PMID: 33302600 PMCID: PMC7764655 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
With increasing use of mobile phones, exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) in the high-frequency band associated with mobile phones has become a public concern, with potentially adverse effects on cognitive function in children and adolescents. However, findings regarding the relation of RF-EMF and cognitive function in children and adolescents have been inconsistent due to a number of study design-related factors, such as types of exposure and outcome measures, age of participants, and the era of study conduction. The present literature review focused on these possible factors that could explain this inconsistency. This review identified 12 eligible studies (participants ages 4 to 17 years) and extracted a total 477 relations. In total, 86% of the extracted relations were not statistically significant; in the remaining 14%, a negative relation between RF-EMF and cognitive performance was detected under limited conditions: when (1) RF-EMF was assessed using objective measurement not subjective measurement (i.e., questionnaire), (2) participants were relatively older (12 years and above) and had greater opportunity of exposure to RF-EMF, and (3) the collection of cognitive function data was conducted after 2012. Given that 86% of the extracted relations in this analysis were not statistically significant, the interpretation should be approached with caution due to the possibility of the 14% of significant relationships, extracted in this review, representing chance findings.
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Čermak AMM, Ilić K, Pavičić I. Microtubular structure impairment after GSM-modulated RF radiation exposure. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 71:205-210. [PMID: 33074167 PMCID: PMC7968504 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate whether low-level 915 MHz GSM-modulated radiofrequency (RF) radiation impairs microtubular structure and affects normal cell growth. V79 cells were exposed to a GSM-modulated field in a Gigahertz Transversal Electromagnetic Mode cell (GTEM cell) for 1, 2, and 3 h. Signal generator combined with power and chip modulator generated the electromagnetic field (EMF). The electric field strength was adjusted to 10, 20, and 30 V/m, and the average specific absorption rate (SAR) was calculated to be 0.23, 0.8, and 1.6 W/kg. The structure of microtubule proteins was assessed by indirect immunocytochemistry, and cell growth was determined based on cell counts taken every day over six post-exposure days. Three-hour radiation exposure significantly altered microtubule structure regardless of the electric field strength. Moreover, on the third post-exposure day, three-hour radiation significantly reduced cell growth, regardless of field strength. The same was observed with two-hour exposure at 20 and 30 V/m. In conclusion, 915 MHz GSM-modulated RF radiation affects microtubular proteins in a time-dependent manner, which, in turn, affects cell proliferation. Our future research will focus on microtubule structure throughout the cell cycle and RF radiation effects on mitotic spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marija Marjanović Čermak
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Ilić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pavičić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
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22
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LaPlaca DA, Turner H. Health Ramifications of Smart Devices. Strength Cond J 2020. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Migault L, Bowman JD, Kromhout H, Figuerola J, Baldi I, Bouvier G, Turner MC, Cardis E, Vila J. Development of a Job-Exposure Matrix for Assessment of Occupational Exposure to High-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (3 kHz-300 GHz). Ann Work Expo Health 2019; 63:1013-1028. [PMID: 31702767 PMCID: PMC6853656 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to build a job-exposure matrix (JEM) using an international coding system and covering the non-thermal intermediate frequency (IF) (3-100 kHz, named IFELF), thermal IF (100 kHz-10 MHz, named IFRF), and radiofrequency (RF) (>10 MHz) bands. METHODS Detailed occupational data were collected in a large population-based case-control study, INTEROCC, with occupations coded into the International Standard Classification of Occupations system 1988 (ISCO88). The subjects' occupational source-based ancillary information was combined with an existing source-exposure matrix and the reference levels of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) for occupational exposure to calculate estimates of level (L) of exposure to electric (E) and magnetic (H) fields by ISCO88 code and frequency band as ICNIRP ratios (IFELF) or squared ratios (IFRF and RF). Estimates of exposure probability (P) were obtained by dividing the number of exposed subjects by the total number of subjects available per job title. RESULTS With 36 011 job histories collected, 468 ISCO88 (four-digit) codes were included in the JEM, of which 62.4% are exposed to RF, IFRF, and/or IFELF. As a reference, P values for RF E-fields ranged from 0.3 to 65.0% with a median of 5.1%. L values for RF E-fields (ICNIRP squared ratio) ranged from 6.94 × 10-11 to 33.97 with a median of 0.61. CONCLUSIONS The methodology used allowed the development of a JEM for high-frequency electromagnetic fields containing exposure estimates for the largest number of occupations to date. Although the validity of this JEM is limited by the small number of available observations for some codes, this JEM may be useful for epidemiological studies and occupational health management programs assessing high-frequency electromagnetic field exposure in occupational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Migault
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1219 EPICENE Team, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Hans Kromhout
- Environmental Epidemiology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Nieuw Gildestein Yalelaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1219 EPICENE Team, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Service de Médecine du Travail et pathologie professionnelle, Pessac, France
| | - Ghislaine Bouvier
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1219 EPICENE Team, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, Madrid, Spain
- McLaughlin Center for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vila
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, Madrid, Spain
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Radiation Protection and Environmental Monitoring, McCumiskey House, Richview, Dublin, Ireland
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24
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Claus EB, Cornish AJ, Broderick P, Schildkraut JM, Dobbins SE, Holroyd A, Calvocoressi L, Lu L, Hansen HM, Smirnov I, Walsh KM, Schramm J, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Jöckel KH, Swerdlow A, Larsen SB, Johansen C, Simon M, Bondy M, Wrensch M, Houlston RS, Wiemels JL. Genome-wide association analysis identifies a meningioma risk locus at 11p15.5. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:1485-1493. [PMID: 29762745 PMCID: PMC6176799 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meningiomas are adult brain tumors originating in the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord, with significant heritable basis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have previously identified only a single risk locus for meningioma, at 10p12.31. Methods To identify a susceptibility locus for meningioma, we conducted a meta-analysis of 2 GWAS, imputed using a merged reference panel from the 1000 Genomes Project and UK10K data, with validation in 2 independent sample series totaling 2138 cases and 12081 controls. Results We identified a new susceptibility locus for meningioma at 11p15.5 (rs2686876, odds ratio = 1.44, P = 9.86 × 10–9). A number of genes localize to the region of linkage disequilibrium encompassing rs2686876, including RIC8A, which plays a central role in the development of neural crest-derived structures, such as the meninges. Conclusions This finding advances our understanding of the genetic basis of meningioma development and provides additional support for a polygenic model of meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Claus
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex J Cornish
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Peter Broderick
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sara E Dobbins
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Amy Holroyd
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Lisa Calvocoressi
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Helen M Hansen
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ivan Smirnov
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kyle M Walsh
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Johannes Schramm
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Signe Benzon Larsen
- Unit of Survivorship, The Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Johansen
- Unit of Survivorship, The Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Simon
- University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Bethel Clinic, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Melissa Bondy
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Margaret Wrensch
- Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Division of Neuroepidemiology, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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25
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Deltour I, Massardier-Pilonchery A, Schlehofer B, Schlaefer K, Hours M, Schüz J. Validation of self-reported occupational noise exposure in participants of a French case-control study on acoustic neuroma. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 92:991-1001. [PMID: 31028471 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To validate self-reported occupational loud noise exposure against expert evaluation of noise levels in a French case-control study on acoustic neuroma and to estimate the impact of exposure misclassification on risk estimation. METHODS Noise levels were evaluated in 1006 jobs held by 111 cases and 217 population controls by an expert. Case-control differences in self-reporting were analyzed with logistic models. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and observed agreement of the self-reports were computed relative to the expert evaluation. They were used to calibrate the odds ratio (OR) between lifetime ever occupational loud noise exposure and the risk of acoustic neuroma, without adjustment for measurement error of the expert assessments. RESULTS Cases reported noise levels in individual jobs closer to the expert assessment than controls, but the case-control difference was small for lifetime exposures. For expert-rated exposure of 80 dB(A), reporting of individual jobs by cases was more sensitive (54% in cases, 37% in controls), whereas specificity (91% in cases, 93% in controls) and observed agreement (82% in cases, 81% in controls) were similar. When lifetime exposure was considered, sensitivity increased (76% in cases, 65% in controls), while cases specificity decreased (84%). When these values were used to calibrate self-reports for exposure misclassification compared to expert evaluation at 80 dB(A), the crude OR of 1.7 was reduced to 1.3. CONCLUSIONS Despite the relatively accurate reporting of loud noise, the impact of the calibration on the OR was non-negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Deltour
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150, Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
| | - Amélie Massardier-Pilonchery
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and IFSTTAR, Transport Work and Environmental Epidemiology Research and Surveillance Unit, UMRESTTE (UMR 14T9405), 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373, Lyon Cedex 08, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Brigitte Schlehofer
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150, Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Schlaefer
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martine Hours
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and IFSTTAR, Transport Work and Environmental Epidemiology Research and Surveillance Unit, UMRESTTE (UMR 14T9405), 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150, Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
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Uncertainty Analysis of Mobile Phone Use and Its Effect on Cognitive Function: The Application of Monte Carlo Simulation in a Cohort of Australian Primary School Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16132428. [PMID: 31288491 PMCID: PMC6651811 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous epidemiological studies on health effects of radiation exposure from mobile phones have produced inconsistent results. This may be due to experimental difficulties and various sources of uncertainty, such as statistical variability, measurement errors, and model uncertainty. An analytical technique known as the Monte Carlo simulation provides an additional approach to analysis by addressing uncertainty in model inputs using error probability distributions, rather than point-source data. The aim of this investigation was to demonstrate using Monte Carlo simulation of data from the ExPOSURE (Examination of Psychological Outcomes in Students using Radiofrequency dEvices) study to quantify uncertainty in the output of the model. Data were collected twice, approximately one year apart (between 2011 and 2013) for 412 primary school participants in Australia. Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate output uncertainty in the model due to uncertainties in the call exposure data. Multiple linear regression models evaluated associations between mobile phone calls with cognitive function and found weak evidence of an association. Similar to previous longitudinal analysis, associations were found for the Go/No Go and Groton maze learning tasks, and a Stroop time ratio. However, with the introduction of uncertainty analysis, the results were closer to the null hypothesis.
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Molinaro AM, Taylor JW, Wiencke JK, Wrensch MR. Genetic and molecular epidemiology of adult diffuse glioma. Nat Rev Neurol 2019; 15:405-417. [PMID: 31227792 PMCID: PMC7286557 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-019-0220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The WHO 2007 glioma classification system (based primarily on tumour histology) resulted in considerable interobserver variability and substantial variation in patient survival within grades. Furthermore, few risk factors for glioma were known. Discoveries over the past decade have deepened our understanding of the molecular alterations underlying glioma and have led to the identification of numerous genetic risk factors. The advances in molecular characterization of glioma have reframed our understanding of its biology and led to the development of a new classification system for glioma. The WHO 2016 classification system comprises five glioma subtypes, categorized by both tumour morphology and molecular genetic information, which led to reduced misclassification and improved consistency of outcomes within glioma subtypes. To date, 25 risk loci for glioma have been identified and several rare inherited mutations that might cause glioma in some families have been discovered. This Review focuses on the two dominant trends in glioma science: the characterization of diagnostic and prognostic tumour markers and the identification of genetic and other risk factors. An overview of the many challenges still facing glioma researchers is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Jennie W Taylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Margaret R Wrensch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: MOBI-Kids is a 14-country case–control study designed to investigate the potential effects of electromagnetic field exposure from mobile telecommunications devices on brain tumor risk in children and young adults conducted from 2010 to 2016. This work describes differences in cellular telephone use and personal characteristics among interviewed participants and refusers responding to a brief nonrespondent questionnaire. It also assesses the potential impact of nonparticipation selection bias on study findings. Methods: We compared nonrespondent questionnaires completed by 77 cases and 498 control refusers with responses from 683 interviewed cases and 1501 controls (suspected appendicitis patients) in six countries (France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, and Spain). We derived selection bias factors and estimated inverse probability of selection weights for use in analysis of MOBI-Kids data. Results: The prevalence of ever-regular use was somewhat higher among interviewed participants than nonrespondent questionnaire respondents 10–14 years of age (68% vs. 62% controls, 63% vs. 48% cases); in those 20–24 years, the prevalence was ≥97%. Interviewed controls and cases in the 15- to 19- and 20- to 24-year-old age groups were more likely to have a time since start of use of 5+ years. Selection bias factors generally indicated a small underestimation in cellular telephone odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 0.96 to 0.97 for ever-regular use and 0.92 to 0.94 for time since start of use (5+ years), but varied in alternative hypothetical scenarios considered. Conclusions: Although limited by small numbers of nonrespondent questionnaire respondents, findings generally indicated a small underestimation in cellular telephone ORs due to selective nonparticipation.
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Lee AK, Park JS, Hong SE, Taki M, Wake K, Wiart J, Choi HD. Brain SAR of average male Korean child to adult models for mobile phone exposure assessment. Phys Med Biol 2019; 64:045004. [PMID: 30719982 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aafcdc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to implement average head models of Korean males and investigate age-related differences in the brain for exposure from radiation from mobile phones. Four male head models composed of a total of 69 structures were developed through a statistical investigation of the anatomical morphology for the age groups of 6, 9, 15 and 20-24 years in age, which are named KR-6, KR-9, KR-15, and KR-22 herein. Three numerical bar phone models with a dual-band built-in antenna were applied to calculate the specific absorption rate (SAR) in the brain; the body lengths of models M avg and M long have the mean value and upper 5th percentile value of commercial bar phone models, respectively, with an antenna at the bottom, whereas M rev has an antenna on top of the phone body, which is the same as in M avg but rotated 180°. The cheek and tilt positions were employed for SAR simulations. As a result, a higher peak spatial-average SAR (psSAR) was observed in the brain for the child groups of KR-6 and KR-9 than for the adult groups of KR-15 and KR-22. In most configurations, the position-averaged psSAR10 g in the child brain was 62% (M long, 835 MHz), 61% (M avg, 835 MHz), 102% (M long, 1850 MHz), 108% (M avg, 1850 MHz), and 125% (M rev, 1850 MHz) higher than in the adult brain. The higher frequency of 1850 MHz showed a wider difference in the brain psSAR between the child and adult groups owing to the shorter penetration depth. When a long phone with an antenna at the bottom operates at a higher frequency, it significantly reduces the brain exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae-Kyoung Lee
- Radio Technology Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, 305-700, Republic of Korea. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Olsson A, Bouaoun L, Auvinen A, Feychting M, Johansen C, Mathiesen T, Melin B, Lahkola A, Larjavaara S, Villegier AS, Byrnes G, Deltour I, Schüz J. Survival of glioma patients in relation to mobile phone use in Denmark, Finland and Sweden. J Neurooncol 2019; 141:139-149. [PMID: 30421160 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-03019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gliomas are the most common cancer of the brain, with a poor prognosis in particular for glioblastoma. In 2014, a study suggested reduced survival in relation to latency of mobile phone use among glioblastoma patients. A joint epidemiological/experimental project to study effects of RF-EMF on tumor development and progression was established. The current analysis relates to the epidemiological part and addresses whether pre-diagnostic mobile phone use was associated with survival among glioma patients. METHODS Glioma cases (n = 806) previously enrolled in a collaborative population-based case-control study in Denmark, Finland and Sweden were followed up for survival. Vital status, date of death, date of emigration, or date last known to be alive was obtained based on registry linkages with a unique personal ID in each country. Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) stratified by country. Covariates investigated were sex, age, education, histology, treatment, anatomic location and marital status. RESULTS No indication of reduced survival among glioblastoma patients was observed for various measures of mobile phone use (ever regular use, time since start of regular use, cumulative call time overall or in the last 12 months) relative to no or non-regular use. All significant associations suggested better survival for mobile phone users. Results were similar for high-grade and low-grade gliomas. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence of reduced survival among glioma patients in relation to previous mobile phone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Olsson
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Liacine Bouaoun
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maria Feychting
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Johansen
- Oncology Clinic, 5073 Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Survivorship Unit, The Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tiit Mathiesen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Beatrice Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Lahkola
- Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Graham Byrnes
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - Isabelle Deltour
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon CEDEX 08, France
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Vila J, Turner MC, Gracia-Lavedan E, Figuerola J, Bowman JD, Kincl L, Richardson L, Benke G, Hours M, Krewski D, McLean D, Parent ME, Sadetzki S, Schlaefer K, Schlehofer B, Schüz J, Siemiatycki J, van Tongeren M, Cardis E. Occupational exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic fields and brain tumor risk in the INTEROCC study: An individualized assessment approach. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:353-365. [PMID: 29996112 PMCID: PMC8851381 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2011, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) as possibly carcinogenic to humans (group 2B), although the epidemiological evidence for the association between occupational exposure to RF-EMF and cancer was judged to be inadequate, due in part to limitations in exposure assessment. This study examines the relation between occupational RF and intermediate frequency (IF) EMF exposure and brain tumor (glioma and meningioma) risk in the INTEROCC multinational population-based case-control study (with nearly 4000 cases and over 5000 controls), using a novel exposure assessment approach. METHODS Individual indices of cumulative exposure to RF and IF-EMF (overall and in specific exposure time windows) were assigned to study participants using a source-exposure matrix and detailed interview data on work with or nearby EMF sources. Conditional logistic regression was used to investigate associations with glioma and meningioma risk. RESULTS Overall, around 10% of study participants were exposed to RF while only 1% were exposed to IF-EMF. There was no clear evidence for a positive association between RF or IF-EMF and the brain tumors studied, with most results showing either no association or odds ratios (ORs) below 1.0. The largest adjusted ORs were obtained for cumulative exposure to RF magnetic fields (as A/m-years) in the highest exposed category (≥90th percentile) for the most recent exposure time window (1-4 years before the diagnosis or reference date) for both glioma, OR = 1.62 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86, 3.01) and meningioma (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 0.65, 3.55). CONCLUSION Despite the improved exposure assessment approach used in this study, no clear associations were identified. However, the results obtained for recent exposure to RF electric and magnetic fields are suggestive of a potential role in brain tumor promotion/progression and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Vila
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Esther Gracia-Lavedan
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joseph D Bowman
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), OH, USA
| | - Laurel Kincl
- Oregon State University (OSU), Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lesley Richardson
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Geza Benke
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Martine Hours
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1 Claude Bernard, IFSTTAR, Unité Mixte de Recherche Épidémiologique et de Surveillance Transports Travail Environnement, Lyon, France
| | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Siegal Sadetzki
- Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Section of Environment and Radiation, Lyon, France
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Rémen T, Lacour B. [Use of wireless telecommunications technologies among the 10-25-year-old in France: Data extracted from the French part of the MOBI-KIDS study]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2018; 66:263-271. [PMID: 29859648 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2018.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In less than two decades, the wireless telecommunications sector has grown dramatically. While a large part of the world's population is now equipped with technologies from this sector (mobile phone, wireless residential telephone, Wi-Fi…), little data is available to quantify the use of these technologies. The purpose of this article is to present a description of these uses among young people, a population particularly receptive to these new telecommunication facilities. METHODS As part of the MOBI-KIDS study, a prospective epidemiological case-control study, 288 participants aged 10 to 25 years and living in France were interviewed between March 2011 and March 2015 about their history of use of wireless telecommunication devices. RESULTS At the interview date, 84% of participants regularly used a mobile phone to make voice calls with an estimated cumulative duration of 45minutes per week. Of these users, 97% used the Short Message Service (SMS) sending function and 70% the data exchange functions. Regarding the use of other technologies, 88% of participants used Wi-Fi, for ten hours a week and 56% the wireless residential telephone. These uses, however, varied according to the sex and/or age of the subjects. CONCLUSION The data draw a portrait of use, particularly quantitative, of the main wireless communication technologies in this young population. There is a gradual increase with age in the use of these technologies, while the age of initiation is at an increasingly early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rémen
- Registre national des tumeurs solides de l'enfant, CHRU Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
| | - B Lacour
- Registre national des tumeurs solides de l'enfant, CHRU Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; UMRS 1153 Equipe 7, INSERM, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistique, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), 75005 Paris, France
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Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation and Memory Performance: Sources of Uncertainty in Epidemiological Cohort Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040592. [PMID: 29587425 PMCID: PMC5923634 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Uncertainty in experimental studies of exposure to radiation from mobile phones has in the past only been framed within the context of statistical variability. It is now becoming more apparent to researchers that epistemic or reducible uncertainties can also affect the total error in results. These uncertainties are derived from a wide range of sources including human error, such as data transcription, model structure, measurement and linguistic errors in communication. The issue of epistemic uncertainty is reviewed and interpreted in the context of the MoRPhEUS, ExPOSURE and HERMES cohort studies which investigate the effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones on memory performance. Research into this field has found inconsistent results due to limitations from a range of epistemic sources. Potential analytic approaches are suggested based on quantification of epistemic error using Monte Carlo simulation. It is recommended that future studies investigating the relationship between radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation and memory performance pay more attention to treatment of epistemic uncertainties as well as further research into improving exposure assessment. Use of directed acyclic graphs is also encouraged to display the assumed covariate relationship.
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Han M, Lee AK, Choi HD, Jung YW, Park JS. Averaged head phantoms from magnetic resonance images of Korean children and young adults. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:035003. [PMID: 29239853 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaa1c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased use of mobile phones raises concerns about the health risks of electromagnetic radiation. Phantom heads are routinely used for radiofrequency dosimetry simulations, and the purpose of this study was to construct averaged phantom heads for children and young adults. Using magnetic resonance images (MRI), sectioned cadaver images, and a hybrid approach, we initially built template phantoms representing 6-, 9-, 12-, 15-year-old children and young adults. Our subsequent approach revised the template phantoms using 29 averaged items that were identified by averaging the MRI data from 500 children and young adults. In females, the brain size and cranium thickness peaked in the early teens and then decreased. This is contrary to what was observed in males, where brain size and cranium thicknesses either plateaued or grew continuously. The overall shape of brains was spherical in children and became ellipsoidal by adulthood. In this study, we devised a method to build averaged phantom heads by constructing surface and voxel models. The surface model could be used for phantom manipulation, whereas the voxel model could be used for compliance test of specific absorption rate (SAR) for users of mobile phones or other electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran Han
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine and Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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35
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McElvenny DM, van Tongeren M, Turner MC, Benke G, Figuerola J, Fleming S, Hours M, Kincl L, Krewski D, McLean D, Parent MÉ, Richardson L, Schlehofer B, Schlaefer K, Sadetzki S, Schüz J, Siemiatycki J, Cardis E. The INTEROCC case-control study: risk of meningioma and occupational exposure to selected combustion products, dusts and other chemical agents. Occup Environ Med 2018; 75:12-22. [PMID: 28947494 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-104280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about occupational risk factors for meningioma. OBJECTIVES To study whether risk of meningioma is associated with several occupational exposures, including selected combustion products, dusts and other chemical agents. METHODS The INTEROCC study was an international case-control study of brain cancer conducted in seven countries. Data collection by interview included lifetime occupational histories. A job exposure matrix was used to derive estimates of exposure for the 12 agents. ORs for ever versus never exposed and for exposure-response using duration of exposure and cumulative exposure were derived using conditional logistic regression stratified by sex, age group, country/region, adjusted for education. RESULTS These analyses included 1906 cases and 5565 controls. For 11 of the 12 agents, no excess risk was found for ever exposed. For ever exposure to oil mists, an elevated OR of 1.57 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.22, 51 exposed cases) was found. Statistically significant exposure-response relationships were observed with cumulative exposure (p=0.01) and duration of exposure (p=0.04). Among women, there were also significant trends for cumulative and duration of exposure to asbestos and excesses in the highest exposure categories for formaldehyde. CONCLUSIONS Most agents examined did not provoke excess risks of meningioma. The main finding from this study is that it is the first study to identify a statistical association between exposure to oil mists and meningioma. This may be a chance finding or could be due to confounding with iron exposure and further research is required to understand whether the relationship is causal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Jordi Figuerola
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarah Fleming
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Martine Hours
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique Transport Travail Environnement Université Lyon 1/IFSTTAR, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurel Kincl
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dave McLean
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Brigitte Schlehofer
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Schlaefer
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Siegal Sadetzki
- The Cancer & Radiation Epidemiology Unit, The Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Section of Environment and Radiation, Lyon, France
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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36
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Turner MC, Benke G, Bowman JD, Figuerola J, Fleming S, Hours M, Kincl L, Krewski D, McLean D, Parent ME, Richardson L, Sadetzki S, Schlaefer K, Schlehofer B, Schüz J, Siemiatycki J, van Tongeren M, Cardis E. Interactions between occupational exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and chemicals for brain tumour risk in the INTEROCC study. Occup Environ Med 2017; 74:802-809. [PMID: 28600451 PMCID: PMC8640944 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In absence of clear evidence regarding possible effects of occupational chemical exposures on brain tumour aetiology, it is worthwhile to explore the hypothesis that such exposures might act on brain tumour risk in interaction with occupational exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF). METHODS INTEROCC is a seven-country (Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Israel, New Zealand and UK), population-based, case-control study, based on the larger INTERPHONE study. Incident cases of primary glioma and meningioma were ascertained from 2000 to 2004. Job titles were coded into standard international occupational classifications and estimates of ELF and chemical exposures were assigned based on job-exposure matrices. Dichotomous indicators of cumulative ELF (≥50th vs <50th percentile, 1-4 year exposure time window) and chemical exposures (ever vs never, 5-year lag) were created. Interaction was assessed on both the additive and multiplicative scales. RESULTS A total of 1939 glioma cases, 1822 meningioma cases and 5404 controls were included in the analysis, using conditional logistic regression. There was no clear evidence for interactions between ELF and any of the chemical exposures assessed for either glioma or meningioma risk. For glioma, subjects in the low ELF/metal exposed group had a lower risk than would be predicted from marginal effects. Results were similar according to different exposure time windows, to cut-points of exposure or in exposed-only analyses. CONCLUSIONS There was no clear evidence for interactions between occupational ELF and chemical exposures in relation to glioma or meningioma risk observed. Further research with more refined estimates of occupational exposures is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Joseph D Bowman
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Martine Hours
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1/IFSTTAR, Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique Transport Travail Environnement, Lyon, France
| | | | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Disease Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Siegal Sadetzki
- The Cancer & Radiation Epidemiology Unit, The Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Klaus Schlaefer
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schlehofer
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Section of Environment and Radiation, Lyon, France
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Progesterone-only contraception is associated with a shorter progression-free survival in premenopausal women with WHO Grade I meningioma. J Neurooncol 2017; 136:327-333. [PMID: 29081037 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The hormonally active nature of intracranial meningioma has prompted research examining the risk of tumorigenesis in patients using hormonal contraception. Studies exploring estrogen-only and estrogen/progesterone combination contraceptives have failed to demonstrate a consistent increased risk of meningioma. By contrast, the few trials examining progesterone-only contraceptives have shown higher odds ratios for risk of meningioma. With progesterone-only contraception on the rise, the risk of tumor recurrence with these specific medications warrants closer study. We sought to determine whether progesterone-only contraception increases recurrence rate and decreases progression-free survival in pre-menopausal women with surgically resected WHO Grade I meningioma. Comparative analysis of 67 pre-menopausal women taking hormone-based contraceptives (progesterone-only medication, n = 21; estrogen-only or estrogen/progesterone combination medication, n = 46) who underwent surgical resection of WHO Grade I intracranial meningioma was performed. Differences in demographics, degree of resection, adjuvant therapy and time to recurrence were compared between the two groups. Compared to patients taking combination or estrogen-only contraception, those taking progesterone-only contraception demonstrated a greater recurrence rate (33.3 vs. 19.6%) with a reduced time to recurrence (18 vs. 32 months, p = 0.038) despite a significantly shorter follow-up (p = 0.014). There were no significant demographic or treatment related differences. The results from this study suggest that exogenous progesterone-only medications may represent a specific contraceptive subgroup that should be avoided in patients with meningioma.
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Momoli F, Siemiatycki J, McBride ML, Parent MÉ, Richardson L, Bedard D, Platt R, Vrijheid M, Cardis E, Krewski D. Probabilistic Multiple-Bias Modeling Applied to the Canadian Data From the Interphone Study of Mobile Phone Use and Risk of Glioma, Meningioma, Acoustic Neuroma, and Parotid Gland Tumors. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:885-893. [PMID: 28535174 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We undertook a re-analysis of the Canadian data from the 13-country case-control Interphone Study (2001-2004), in which researchers evaluated the associations of mobile phone use with the risks of brain, acoustic neuroma, and parotid gland tumors. In the main publication of the multinational Interphone Study, investigators concluded that biases and errors prevented a causal interpretation. We applied a probabilistic multiple-bias model to address possible biases simultaneously, using validation data from billing records and nonparticipant questionnaires as information on recall error and selective participation. In our modeling, we sought to adjust for these sources of uncertainty and to facilitate interpretation. For glioma, when comparing those in the highest quartile of use (>558 lifetime hours) to those who were not regular users, the odds ratio was 2.0 (95% confidence interval: 1.2, 3.4). After adjustment for selection and recall biases, the odds ratio was 2.2 (95% limits: 1.3, 4.1). There was little evidence of an increase in the risk of meningioma, acoustic neuroma, or parotid gland tumors in relation to mobile phone use. Adjustments for selection and recall biases did not materially affect interpretation in our results from Canadian data.
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Benke G, Turner MC, Fleming S, Figuerola J, Kincl L, Richardson L, Blettner M, Hours M, Krewski D, McLean D, Parent ME, Sadetzki S, Schlaefer K, Schlehofer B, Siemiatycki J, van Tongeren M, Cardis E. Occupational solvent exposure and risk of glioma in the INTEROCC study. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1246-1254. [PMID: 28910824 PMCID: PMC5674105 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aetiology of glioma remains largely unknown. Occupational solvent exposure has been suggested as a putative cause of glioma, but past studies have been inconsistent. We examined the association between a range of solvents and glioma risk within the INTEROCC project, a study of brain tumours and occupational exposures based on data from seven national case–control studies conducted in the framework of the INTERPHONE study. We also investigated associations according to tumour grade. Methods: Data from the seven countries were standardised and then combined into one aggregate data set. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were estimated for adjusted models that included sex, age, country–region of residence and level of educational attainment. Exposures to any solvent or 11 specific solvents or subgroups were assessed using a modified version of the FINJEM job exposure matrix (JEM) specifically developed for the study, called INTEROCC-JEM. Results: Analysis included 2000 glioma cases and 5565 controls. For glioma and ever/never exposure to any solvent, the OR was 0.91 (95% confidence interval: 0.74–1.11). All ORs were <1.0 for specific solvents/subgroups. There were no increases in risk according to high or low grade of tumour. Conclusions: The results of this study show no consistent associations for any solvent exposures overall or by grade of tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geza Benke
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona 08036, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 028020, Spain.,McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sarah Fleming
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Cancer &Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LN, UK
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona 08036, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 028020, Spain
| | - Laurel Kincl
- Environmental and Occupational Health program in the College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Lesley Richardson
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal H2X OA9, Canada
| | - Maria Blettner
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Martine Hours
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique Transport Travail Environnement Université Lyon 1/IFSTTAR, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69675, France
| | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada.,School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Disease Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - David McLean
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Marie-Elise Parent
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Siegal Sadetzki
- The Cancer &Radiation Epidemiology Unit, The Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52620, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Klaus Schlaefer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Jack Siemiatycki
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal H2X OA9, Canada
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona 08036, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 028020, Spain
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40
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Parent ME, Turner MC, Lavoué J, Richard H, Figuerola J, Kincl L, Richardson L, Benke G, Blettner M, Fleming S, Hours M, Krewski D, McLean D, Sadetzki S, Schlaefer K, Schlehofer B, Schüz J, Siemiatycki J, van Tongeren M, Cardis E. Lifetime occupational exposure to metals and welding fumes, and risk of glioma: a 7-country population-based case-control study. Environ Health 2017; 16:90. [PMID: 28841833 PMCID: PMC5574088 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain tumor etiology is poorly understood. Based on their ability to pass through the blood-brain barrier, it has been hypothesized that exposure to metals may increase the risk of brain cancer. Results from the few epidemiological studies on this issue are limited and inconsistent. METHODS We investigated the relationship between glioma risk and occupational exposure to five metals - lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium and iron- as well as to welding fumes, using data from the seven-country INTEROCC study. A total of 1800 incident glioma cases and 5160 controls aged 30-69 years were included in the analysis. Lifetime occupational exposure to the agents was assessed using the INTEROCC JEM, a modified version of the Finnish job exposure matrix FINJEM. RESULTS In general, cases had a slightly higher prevalence of exposure to the various metals and welding fumes than did controls, with the prevalence among ever exposed ranging between 1.7 and 2.2% for cadmium to 10.2 and 13.6% for iron among controls and cases, respectively. However, in multivariable logistic regression analyses, there was no association between ever exposure to any of the agents and risk of glioma with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) ranging from 0.8 (0.7-1.0) for lead to 1.1 (0.7-1.6) for cadmium. Results were consistent across models considering cumulative exposure or duration, as well as in all sensitivity analyses conducted. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this large-scale international study provide no evidence for an association between occupational exposure to any of the metals under scrutiny or welding fumes, and risk of glioma.
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Grants
- 001 World Health Organization
- R01 CA124759 NCI NIH HHS
- National Institutes of Health
- Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Environnement et du Travail
- European Fifth Framework Program
- International Union against Cancer
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council
- University of Sydney Medical Foundation Program;
- Cancer Council NSW (AU)
- Cancer Council Victoria (AU)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Canada Research Chairs
- Guzzo-Cancer Research Society
- Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé
- National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Association pour la recherche sur le cancer
- German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nuclear 45 Safety, and Nature Protection
- Ministry for the Environment and Traffic of the state of Baden
- Ministry for the Environment of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia
- MAIFOR Program (Mainzer Forschungsforderungsprogramm) of the University of Mainz
- Health Research Council of New Zealand
- Hawkes Bay Medical Research Foundation
- Wellington Medical Research Foundation
- Waikato Medical Research Foundation
- Cancer Society of New Zealand
- Mobile Telecommunications, Health and Research (MTHR) program, UK
- Health and Safety Executive, UK
- Department of Health, UK
- UK Network Operators (O2, Orange, T-Mobile, Vodafone, ‘3’)
- Scottish Executive
- Mobile Manufacturers’ Forum and GSM Association (with UICC)
- Canadian Wireless Telecommunications Association (with CIHR)
- Network operators Orange, SFR and Bouygues Telecom
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Elise Parent
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531, Boul. Des Prairies, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1B7 Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Michelle C. Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jérôme Lavoué
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Hugues Richard
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531, Boul. Des Prairies, Laval, Quebec, H7V 1B7 Canada
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lesley Richardson
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Maria Blettner
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Martine Hours
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique Transport Travail Environnement Université Lyon 1/IFSTTAR, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Disease Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David McLean
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Siegal Sadetzki
- The Cancer & Radiation Epidemiology Unit, The Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Section of Environment and Radiation, Lyon, France
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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41
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Bhatt CR, Benke G, Smith CL, Redmayne M, Dimitriadis C, Dalecki A, Macleod S, Sim MR, Croft RJ, Wolfe R, Kaufman J, Abramson MJ. Use of mobile and cordless phones and change in cognitive function: a prospective cohort analysis of Australian primary school children. Environ Health 2017; 16:62. [PMID: 28629417 PMCID: PMC5477374 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some previous studies have suggested an association between children's use of mobile phones (MPs)/cordless phones (CPs) and development of cognitive function. We evaluated possible longitudinal associations between the use of MPs and CPs in a cohort of primary school children and effects on their cognitive function. METHODS Data on children's socio-demographics, use of MPs and CPs, and cognitive function were collected at baseline (2010-2012) and follow-up (2012-2013). Cognitive outcomes were evaluated with the CogHealth™ test battery and Stroop Color-Word test. The change in the number of MP/CP voice calls weekly from baseline to follow-up was dichotomized: "an increase in calls" or a "decrease/no change in calls". Multiple linear regression analyses, adjusting for confounders and clustering by school, were performed to evaluate the associations between the change in cognitive outcomes and change in MP and CP exposures. RESULTS Of 412 children, a larger proportion of them used a CP (76% at baseline and follow-up), compared to a MP (31% at baseline and 43% at follow-up). Of 26 comparisons of changes in cognitive outcomes, four demonstrated significant associations. The increase in MP usage was associated with larger reduction in response time for response inhibition, smaller reduction in the number of total errors for spatial problem solving and larger increase in response time for a Stroop interference task. Except for the smaller reduction in detection task accuracy, the increase in CP usage had no effect on the changes in cognitive outcomes. CONCLUSION Our study shows that a larger proportion of children used CPs compared to MPs. We found limited evidence that change in the use of MPs or CPs in primary school children was associated with change in cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Raj Bhatt
- Centre for Population Health Research on Electromagnetic Energy (PRESEE), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Geza Benke
- Centre for Population Health Research on Electromagnetic Energy (PRESEE), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catherine L. Smith
- Centre for Population Health Research on Electromagnetic Energy (PRESEE), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mary Redmayne
- Centre for Population Health Research on Electromagnetic Energy (PRESEE), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christina Dimitriadis
- Centre for Population Health Research on Electromagnetic Energy (PRESEE), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna Dalecki
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Skye Macleod
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Malcolm R. Sim
- Centre for Population Health Research on Electromagnetic Energy (PRESEE), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rodney J. Croft
- Centre for Population Health Research on Electromagnetic Energy (PRESEE), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Centre for Electromagnetic Bioeffects Research, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- Centre for Population Health Research on Electromagnetic Energy (PRESEE), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jordy Kaufman
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Michael J. Abramson
- Centre for Population Health Research on Electromagnetic Energy (PRESEE), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, VIC 3004 Melbourne, Australia
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42
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Melin BS, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Wrensch MR, Johansen C, Il'yasova D, Kinnersley B, Ostrom QT, Labreche K, Chen Y, Armstrong G, Liu Y, Eckel-Passow JE, Decker PA, Labussière M, Idbaih A, Hoang-Xuan K, Di Stefano AL, Mokhtari K, Delattre JY, Broderick P, Galan P, Gousias K, Schramm J, Schoemaker MJ, Fleming SJ, Herms S, Heilmann S, Nöthen MM, Wichmann HE, Schreiber S, Swerdlow A, Lathrop M, Simon M, Sanson M, Andersson U, Rajaraman P, Chanock S, Linet M, Wang Z, Yeager M, Wiencke JK, Hansen H, McCoy L, Rice T, Kosel ML, Sicotte H, Amos CI, Bernstein JL, Davis F, Lachance D, Lau C, Merrell RT, Shildkraut J, Ali-Osman F, Sadetzki S, Scheurer M, Shete S, Lai RK, Claus EB, Olson SH, Jenkins RB, Houlston RS, Bondy ML. Genome-wide association study of glioma subtypes identifies specific differences in genetic susceptibility to glioblastoma and non-glioblastoma tumors. Nat Genet 2017; 49:789-794. [PMID: 28346443 PMCID: PMC5558246 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have transformed our understanding of glioma susceptibility, but individual studies have had limited power to identify risk loci. We performed a meta-analysis of existing GWAS and two new GWAS, which totaled 12,496 cases and 18,190 controls. We identified five new loci for glioblastoma (GBM) at 1p31.3 (rs12752552; P = 2.04 × 10-9, odds ratio (OR) = 1.22), 11q14.1 (rs11233250; P = 9.95 × 10-10, OR = 1.24), 16p13.3 (rs2562152; P = 1.93 × 10-8, OR = 1.21), 16q12.1 (rs10852606; P = 1.29 × 10-11, OR = 1.18) and 22q13.1 (rs2235573; P = 1.76 × 10-10, OR = 1.15), as well as eight loci for non-GBM tumors at 1q32.1 (rs4252707; P = 3.34 × 10-9, OR = 1.19), 1q44 (rs12076373; P = 2.63 × 10-10, OR = 1.23), 2q33.3 (rs7572263; P = 2.18 × 10-10, OR = 1.20), 3p14.1 (rs11706832; P = 7.66 × 10-9, OR = 1.15), 10q24.33 (rs11598018; P = 3.39 × 10-8, OR = 1.14), 11q21 (rs7107785; P = 3.87 × 10-10, OR = 1.16), 14q12 (rs10131032; P = 5.07 × 10-11, OR = 1.33) and 16p13.3 (rs3751667; P = 2.61 × 10-9, OR = 1.18). These data substantiate that genetic susceptibility to GBM and non-GBM tumors are highly distinct, which likely reflects different etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Margaret R Wrensch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christoffer Johansen
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark and Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dora Il'yasova
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Cancer Control and Prevention Program, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ben Kinnersley
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Quinn T Ostrom
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Karim Labreche
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM CNRS, U1127, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Yanwen Chen
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Georgina Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeanette E Eckel-Passow
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul A Decker
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marianne Labussière
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM CNRS, U1127, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM CNRS, U1127, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Khe Hoang-Xuan
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM CNRS, U1127, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Anna-Luisa Di Stefano
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM CNRS, U1127, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Karima Mokhtari
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM CNRS, U1127, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Delattre
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM CNRS, U1127, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Peter Broderick
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Pilar Galan
- Université Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U557, INRA U1125, CNAM, Paris, France
| | | | - Johannes Schramm
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Minouk J Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Sarah J Fleming
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stefan Herms
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heinz-Erich Wichmann
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute of Epidemiology I, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- 1st Medical Department, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Génome Québec, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthias Simon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc Sanson
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM CNRS, U1127, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | | | - Preetha Rajaraman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Martha Linet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Helen Hansen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lucie McCoy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Terri Rice
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matthew L Kosel
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hugues Sicotte
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jonine L Bernstein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Faith Davis
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dan Lachance
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ching Lau
- Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan T Merrell
- Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Joellen Shildkraut
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Cancer Control and Prevention Program, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Francis Ali-Osman
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Siegal Sadetzki
- Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas Maryland Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rose K Lai
- Departments of Neurology and Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Claus
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert B Jenkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Melissa L Bondy
- Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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43
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Johansen C, Schüz J, Andreasen AMS, Dalton SO. Study designs may influence results: the problems with questionnaire-based case-control studies on the epidemiology of glioma. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:841-848. [PMID: 28267708 PMCID: PMC5379153 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a rare brain tumour with a very poor prognosis and the search for modifiable factors is intense. We reviewed the literature concerning risk factors for glioma obtained in case-control designed epidemiological studies in order to discuss the influence of this methodology on the observed results. When reviewing the association between three exposures, medical radiation, exogenous hormone use and allergy, we critically appraised the evidence from both case-control and cohort studies. For medical radiation and hormone replacement therapy (HRT), questionnaire-based case-control studies appeared to show an inverse association, whereas nested case-control and cohort studies showed no association. For allergies, the inverse association was observed irrespective of study design. We recommend that the questionnaire-based case-control design be placed lower in the hierarchy of studies for establishing cause-and-effect for diseases such as glioma. We suggest that a state-of-the-art case-control study should, as a minimum, be accompanied by extensive validation of the exposure assessment methods and the representativeness of the study sample with regard to the exposures of interest. Otherwise, such studies cannot be regarded as 'hypothesis testing' but only 'hypothesis generating'. We consider that this holds true for all questionnaire-based case-control studies on cancer and other chronic diseases, although perhaps not to the same extent for each exposure-outcome combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Johansen
- Oncology Clinic, Finsen Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Unit of Survivorship, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | | | - Susanne Oksbjerg Dalton
- Unit of Survivorship, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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44
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Leng L. The relationship between mobile phone use and risk of brain tumor: a systematic review and meta-analysis of trails in the last decade. Chin Neurosurg J 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41016-016-0059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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45
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Grell K, Frederiksen K, Schüz J, Cardis E, Armstrong B, Siemiatycki J, Krewski DR, McBride ML, Johansen C, Auvinen A, Hours M, Blettner M, Sadetzki S, Lagorio S, Yamaguchi N, Woodward A, Tynes T, Feychting M, Fleming SJ, Swerdlow AJ, Andersen PK. The Intracranial Distribution of Gliomas in Relation to Exposure From Mobile Phones: Analyses From the INTERPHONE Study. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 184:818-828. [PMID: 27810856 PMCID: PMC5152665 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
When investigating the association between brain tumors and use of mobile telephones, accurate data on tumor position are essential, due to the highly localized absorption of energy in the human brain from the radio-frequency fields emitted. We used a point process model to investigate this association using information that included tumor localization data from the INTERPHONE Study (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom). Our main analysis included 792 regular mobile phone users diagnosed with a glioma between 2000 and 2004. Similar to earlier results, we found a statistically significant association between the intracranial distribution of gliomas and the self-reported location of the phone. When we accounted for the preferred side of the head not being exclusively used for all mobile phone calls, the results were similar. The association was independent of the cumulative call time and cumulative number of calls. However, our model used reported side of mobile phone use, which is potentially influenced by recall bias. The point process method provides an alternative to previously used epidemiologic research designs when one is including localization in the investigation of brain tumors and mobile phone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Grell
- Correspondence to Dr. Kathrine Grell, Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark (e-mail: )
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46
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Sadetzki S, Chetrit A, Turner MC, van Tongeren M, Benke G, Figuerola J, Fleming S, Hours M, Kincl L, Krewski D, McLean D, Parent ME, Richardson L, Schlehofer B, Schlaefer K, Blettner M, Schüz J, Siemiatycki J, Cardis E. Occupational exposure to metals and risk of meningioma: a multinational case-control study. J Neurooncol 2016; 130:505-515. [PMID: 27664150 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine associations between occupational exposure to metals and meningioma risk in the international INTEROCC study. INTEROCC is a seven-country population-based case-control study including 1906 adult meningioma cases and 5565 population controls. Incident cases were recruited between 2000 and 2004. A detailed occupational history was completed and job titles were coded into standard international occupational classifications. Estimates of mean workday exposure to individual metals and to welding fumes were assigned based on a job-exposure-matrix. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Although more controls than cases were ever exposed to metals (14 vs. 11 %, respectively), cases had higher median cumulative exposure levels. The ORs for ever vs. never exposure to any metal and to individual metals were mostly greater than 1.0, with the strongest association for exposure to iron (OR 1.26, 95 % CI 1.0-1.58). In women, an increased OR of 1.70 (95 % CI 1.0-2.89) was seen for ever vs never exposure to iron (OR in men 1.19, 95 % CI 0.91-1.54), with positive trends in relation with both cumulative and duration of exposure. These results remained after consideration of other occupational metal or chemical co-exposures. In conclusion, an apparent positive association between occupational exposure to iron and meningioma risk was observed, particularly among women. Considering the fact that meningioma is a hormone dependent tumor, the hypothesis that an interaction between iron and estrogen metabolism may be a potential mechanism for a carcinogenic effect of iron should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegal Sadetzki
- The Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit, The Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 5262000, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Angela Chetrit
- The Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit, The Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 5262000, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michelle C Turner
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Jordi Figuerola
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Martine Hours
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique Transport Travail Environnement Université Lyon 1/IFSTTAR, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Elise Parent
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Lesley Richardson
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Schlehofer
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Schlaefer
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Blettner
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Section of Environment and Radiation, Lyon, France
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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47
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Turner MC, Sadetzki S, Langer CE, Villegas PhD R, Figuerola J, Armstrong BK, Chetrit A, Giles GG, Krewski D, Hours M, McBride ML, Parent ME, Richardson L, Siemiatycki J, Woodward A, Cardis E. Investigation of bias related to differences between case and control interview dates in five INTERPHONE countries. Ann Epidemiol 2016; 26:827-832.e2. [PMID: 28340909 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Associations between cellular telephone use and glioma risk have been examined in several epidemiological studies including the 13-country INTERPHONE study. Although results showed no positive association between cellular telephone use and glioma risk overall, no increased risk for long-term users, and no exposure-response relationship, there was an elevated risk for those in the highest decile of cumulative call time. However, results may be biased as data were collected during a period of rapidly increasing cellular telephone use, and as controls were usually interviewed later in time than cases. METHODS Further analyses were conducted in a subset of five INTERPHONE study countries (Australia, Canada, France, Israel, New Zealand) using a post hoc matching strategy to optimize proximity of case-to-control interview dates and age. RESULTS Although results were generally similar to the original INTERPHONE study, there was some attenuation of the reduced odds ratios and stronger positive associations among long-term users and those in the highest categories for cumulative call time and number of calls (eighth-ninth and 10th decile). CONCLUSIONS Proximity and symmetry in timing of case-to-control interviews should be optimized when exposure patterns are changing rapidly with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Siegal Sadetzki
- The Cancer & Radiation Epidemiology Unit, The Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Chelsea E Langer
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Villegas PhD
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruce K Armstrong
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Angela Chetrit
- The Cancer & Radiation Epidemiology Unit, The Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Martine Hours
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique Transport Travail Environnement Université Lyon 1/IFSTTAR, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mary L McBride
- Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - Jack Siemiatycki
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alistair Woodward
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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48
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Sato Y, Kiyohara K, Kojimahara N, Yamaguchi N. Time trend in incidence of malignant neoplasms of the central nervous system in relation to mobile phone use among young people in Japan. Bioelectromagnetics 2016; 37:282-9. [PMID: 27197787 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether incidence of malignant neoplasms of the central nervous system from 1993 to 2010 has increased among young people in Japan, and whether the increase could be explained by increase in mobile phone use. Joinpoint regression analysis of incidence data was performed. Subsequently, the expected incidence rate was calculated assuming that the relative risk was 1.4 for those who used mobile phones more than 1640 h cumulatively. Annual percent change was 3.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-6.3) for men in their 20s from 1993 to 2010, 12.3% (95% CI, 3.3-22.1) for women in their 20s from 2002 to 2010, 2.7% (95% CI, 1.3-4.1) for men in their 30s from 1993 to 2010, and 3.0% (95% CI, 1.4-4.7) for women in their 30s from 1993 to 2010. Change in incidence rates from 1993 to 2010 was 0.92 per 100,000 people for men in their 20s, 0.83 for women in their 20s, 0.89 for men in their 30s, and 0.74 for women in their 30s. Change in expected incidence rates from 1993 to 2010 was 0.08 per 100,000 people for men in their 20s, 0.03 for women in their 20s, 0.15 for men in their 30s, and 0.05 for women in their 30s. Patterns in sex-, age-, and period-specific incidence increases are inconsistent with sex-, age-, and period-specific prevalence trends, suggesting the overall incidence increase cannot be explained by heavy mobile phone use. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:282-289, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Sato
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kiyohara
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Kojimahara
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohito Yamaguchi
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kinnersley B, Kamatani Y, Labussière M, Wang Y, Galan P, Mokhtari K, Delattre JY, Gousias K, Schramm J, Schoemaker MJ, Swerdlow A, Fleming SJ, Herms S, Heilmann S, Nöthen MM, Simon M, Sanson M, Lathrop M, Houlston RS. Search for new loci and low-frequency variants influencing glioma risk by exome-array analysis. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:717-24. [PMID: 26264438 PMCID: PMC4677454 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify protein-altering variants (PAVs) for glioma, we analysed Illumina HumanExome BeadChip exome-array data on 1882 glioma cases and 8079 controls from three independent European populations. In addition to single-variant tests we incorporated information on the predicted functional consequences of PAVs and analysed sets of genes with a higher likelihood of having a role in glioma on the basis of the profile of somatic mutations documented by large-scale sequencing initiatives. Globally there was a strong relationship between effect size and PAVs predicted to be damaging (P=2.29 × 10(-49)); however, these variants which are most likely to impact on risk, are rare (MAF<5%). Although no single variant showed an association which was statistically significant at the genome-wide threshold a number represented promising associations - BRCA2:c.9976A>T, p.(Lys3326Ter), which has been shown to influence breast and lung cancer risk (odds ratio (OR)=2.3, P=4.00 × 10(-4) for glioblastoma (GBM)) and IDH2:c.782G>A, p.(Arg261His) (OR=3.21, P=7.67 × 10(-3), for non-GBM). Additionally, gene burden tests revealed a statistically significant association for HARS2 and risk of GBM (P=2.20 × 10(-6)). Genome scans of low-frequency PAVs represent a complementary strategy to identify disease-causing variants compared with scans based on tagSNPs. Strategies to lessen the multiple testing burden by restricting analysis to PAVs with higher priors affords an opportunity to maximise study power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Kinnersley
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | | | | | - Yufei Wang
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Pilar Galan
- Université Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Cité, Inserm (U557), Cnam, Bobigny, France
| | - Karima Mokhtari
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Delattre
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie Mazarin, Paris, France
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Johannes Schramm
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Minouk J Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Sarah J Fleming
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Simon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc Sanson
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie Mazarin, Paris, France
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Foundation Jean Dausset-CEPH, Paris, France
- AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie Mazarin, Paris, France
- Department of Human Genetics, Génome Québec, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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50
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Kim KH, Kabir E, Jahan SA. The use of cell phone and insight into its potential human health impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:221. [PMID: 26965900 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The rapid evolution of mobile phone technology has raised public concern about its possible association with adverse health effects. Given the huge number of mobile phone users at present days, even simple adverse health effects could have major implications. This article reviews the present knowledge concerning the health effects stemming from the use of cellular phones by emphasizing adverse biological effects, epidemiological issues, and indirect health effects. A line of epidemiological evidence suggests that there is no concrete association between mobile phone radiation and cancer. The evidence regarding the occurrence of cancer due to exposure to the radio frequency energy of mobile phones is nonetheless conflicting. Consequently, long-term research in this field is necessary to account for the vital issue of this scientific research to the public in a meaningful way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ehsanul Kabir
- Department of Farm, Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
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