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Rajabzadeh K, Sardarian AR. Well-defined nanomagnetic nitrilotriacetic acid complex of Cu(ii) supported on silica-coated nanosized magnetite: a new highly efficient and magnetically separable catalyst for C-N bond formation. RSC Adv 2024; 14:21954-21970. [PMID: 38993503 PMCID: PMC11237964 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03675a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) complex of Cu(ii) supported on silica-coated nanosized magnetite Fe3O4@SiO2-Pr-DEA-[NTA-Cu(ii)]2 was prepared as a new well-defined magnetically separable nanomaterial and fully characterized via IR, XRD, FESEM, TEM, TGA, DLS, BET, VSM, solid-state UV-vis spectroscopy, EDX, ICP-OES, and FESEM-EDX map analyses. Thereafter, it was successfully applied as a new easily magnetically separable and reusable heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the Buchwald-Hartwig C-N bond formation reaction in DMF at 110 °C. Using this method, various kinds of nitrogen heterocycles, such as imidazoles, 2-methyl-1H-imidazole, benzimidazole, indole, and 10H-phenothiazine as well as aliphatic secondary amines such as piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, dimethylamine, and diethylamine, were reacted with aryl halide compounds, and the desired products were obtained with good to excellent yields. In all cases, the applied catalyst could be recovered easily and rapidly using an external magnet and reused 7 times without significant loss of catalytic activity.
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Modirrousta Y, Akbari S. Amine-terminated dendrimers: A novel method for diagnose, control and treatment of cancer. CANCER EPIGENETICS AND NANOMEDICINE 2024:333-379. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-443-13209-4.00021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2025]
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Vakili-Azghandi M, Mollazadeh S, Ghaemi A, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Dendrimer-based nanomedicines for cancer immunotherapy. NANOMEDICINE IN CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY 2024:317-347. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-443-18770-4.00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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PAMAM-G4 protect the N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (HO-AAVPA) and maintain its antiproliferative effects on MCF-7. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3383. [PMID: 36854957 PMCID: PMC9974963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Our work group designed and synthesized a promissory compound N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (HO-AAVPA). The HO-AAVPA is a HDAC1 inhibitor and antiproliferative in cancer cell lines. However, HO-AAVPA is poor water solubility and enzymatically metabolized. In this work, the fourth-generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM-G4) was used as a drug deliver carrier of HO-AAVPA. Moreover, HO-AAVPA and HO-AAVPA-PAMAM complex were submitted to forced degradation studies (heat, acid, base, oxidation and sunlight). Also, the HO-AAVPA-PAMAM-G4 complex was assayed as antiproliferative in a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The HO-AAVPA-PAMAM-G4 complex was obtained by docking and experimentally using three pH conditions: acid (pH = 3.0), neutral (pH = 7.0) and basic (pH = 9.0) showing that PAMAM-G4 captureand protect the HO-AAVPA from forced degradation, it is due to sunlight yielded a by-product from HO-AAVPA. In addition, the PAMAM-G4 favored the HO-AAVPA water solubility under basic and neutral pH conditions with significant difference (F(2,18) = 259.9, p < 0.001) between the slopes of the three conditions being the basic condition which solubilizes the greatest amount of HO-AAVPA. Finally, the HO-AAVPA-PAMAM-G4 complex showed better antiproliferative effects on MCF-7 (IC50 = 75.3 μM) than HO-AAVPA (IC50 = 192 μM). These results evidence that PAMAM-G4 complex improve the biological effects of HO-AAVPA.
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Hersbach TJP, Rabin C. pH- and Functionalization-Dependent Host-Guest Interactions Between Fluorescein and Various Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:9632-9642. [PMID: 36378255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are branched macromolecules that can be functionalized with a large variety of chemical moieties. Dendrimers can therefore be specifically designed to interact with target molecules. Although tailored dendrimers hold promise for targeted drug delivery and wastewater cleanup, these applications require more detailed and systematic studies on how dendrimer-guest interactions depend on environmental conditions. In light of this need, we studied pH-dependent interactions between fluorescein and poly(amidoamine) dendrimers with three different terminal groups. Crucially, both fluorescein and dendrimers have multiple protonation equilibria, which can enable interactions in different pH windows through various possible mechanisms. Such interactions are studied through UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies, which reveal a redshift that occurs upon fluorescein-dendrimer binding. The resulting pH-dependent spectra are complex but can be analyzed quantitatively with an open-source mathematical protocol. Consequently, we show that fluorescein binds across four pH units with amine-terminated dendrimers, across two units with hydroxyl-terminated dendrimers and does not interact attractively with carboxyl-terminated dendrimers. These functionalization-dependent host-guest interactions stabilize fluorescein's dianionic form and are predominantly electrostatically driven, with likely auxiliary hydrogen and CH-π bonding. Notably, these auxiliary mechanisms appear too weak to drive dendrimer-fluorescein interactions on their own. Overall, this work yields valuable insights into dendrimer-fluorescein association and provides a readily reproducible framework for studying host-guest interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J P Hersbach
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 2506 Speedway, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Charlie Rabin
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 2506 Speedway, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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p-Coumaric acid in poly(amidoamine) G4 dendrimer: Characterization and toxicity evaluation on zebrafish model. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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S. M. S, Naveen NR, Rao GSNK, Gopan G, Chopra H, Park MN, Alshahrani MM, Jose J, Emran TB, Kim B. A spotlight on alkaloid nanoformulations for the treatment of lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:994155. [PMID: 36330493 PMCID: PMC9623325 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.994155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous naturally available phytochemicals have potential anti-cancer activities due to their vast structural diversity. Alkaloids have been extensively used in cancer treatment, especially lung cancers, among the plant-based compounds. However, their utilization is limited by their poor solubility, low bioavailability, and inadequacies such as lack of specificity to cancer cells and indiscriminate distribution in the tissues. Incorporating the alkaloids into nanoformulations can overcome the said limitations paving the way for effective delivery of the alkaloids to the site of action in sufficient concentrations, which is crucial in tumor targeting. Our review attempts to assess whether alkaloid nanoformulation can be an effective tool in lung cancer therapy. The mechanism of action of each alkaloid having potential is explored in great detail in the review. In general, Alkaloids suppress oncogenesis by modulating several signaling pathways involved in multiplication, cell cycle, and metastasis, making them significant component of many clinical anti-cancerous agents. The review also explores the future prospects of alkaloid nanoformulation in lung cancer. So, in conclusion, alkaloid based nanoformulation will emerge as a potential gamechanger in treating lung cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhoor S. M.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, P.A. College of Pharmacy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - N. Raghavendra Naveen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagar, Karnataka, India
| | - GSN Koteswara Rao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gopika Gopan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mohammed Merae Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jobin Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Petrovic M, Porcello A, Tankov S, Majchrzak O, Kiening M, Laingoniaina AC, Jbilou T, Walker PR, Borchard G, Jordan O. Synthesis, Formulation and Characterization of Immunotherapeutic Glycosylated Dendrimer/cGAMP Complexes for CD206 Targeted Delivery to M2 Macrophages in Cold Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091883. [PMID: 36145631 PMCID: PMC9503622 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor responses can be achieved via the stimulation of the immune system, a therapeutic approach called cancer immunotherapy. Many solid tumor types are characterized by the presence of immune-suppressive tumor-associated macrophage (TAMs) cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, TAM infiltration is strongly associated with poor survival in solid cancer patients and hence a low responsiveness to cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, 2′3′ Cyclic GMP-AMP (2′3′ cGAMP) was employed for its ability to shift macrophages from pro-tumoral M2-like macrophages (TAM) to anti-tumoral M1. However, cGAMP transfection within macrophages is limited by the molecule’s negative charge, poor stability and lack of targeting. To circumvent these barriers, we designed nanocarriers based on poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAM) grafted with D-glucuronic acid (Glu) for M2 mannose-mediated endocytosis. Two carriers were synthesized based on different dendrimers and complexed with cGAMP at different ratios. Orthogonal techniques were employed for synthesis (NMR, ninhydrin, and gravimetry), size (DLS, NTA, and AF4-DLS), charge (DLS and NTA), complexation (HPLC-UV and AF4-UV) and biocompatibility and toxicity (primary cells and hen egg chorioallantoic membrane model) evaluations in order to evaluate the best cGAMP carrier. The best formulation was selected for its low toxicity, biocompatibility, monodispersed distribution, affinity towards CD206 and ability to increase M1 (STAT1 and NOS2) and decrease M2 marker (MRC1) expression in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Petrovic
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Porcello
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stoyan Tankov
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oliwia Majchrzak
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kiening
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Annick Clara Laingoniaina
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tayeb Jbilou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul R. Walker
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Jordan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-223796586
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Sarkar B, Das K, Jyoti Ghosh A, Islam R, Saha T, Prasad E, Gardas RL. Poly(alkyl ether) based ionic liquid–γ-cyclodextrin based inclusion complex and antibacterial activity of the inclusion complex. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sanyal M, Sharma U. PAMAM (poly-amido amine) dendrimer supported copper nanoparticles for chemoselective nitro reduction. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Muñoz AM, Fragoso-Vázquez MJ, Martel BP, Chávez-Blanco A, Dueñas-González A, R García-Sánchez J, Bello M, Romero-Castro A, Correa-Basurto J. Targeting Breast Cancer Cells with G4 PAMAM Dendrimers and Valproic Acid Derivative Complexes. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:1857-1872. [PMID: 32324521 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200423073812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our research group has developed some Valproic Acid (VPA) derivatives employed as anti-proliferative compounds targeting the HDAC8 enzyme. However, some of these compounds are poorly soluble in water. OBJECTIVE Employed the four generations of Polyamidoamine (G4 PAMAM) dendrimers as drug carriers of these compounds to increase their water solubility for further in vitro evaluation. METHODS VPA derivatives were subjected to Docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to evaluate their affinity on G4 PAMAM. Then, HPLC-UV/VIS, 1H NMR, MALDI-TOF and atomic force microscopy were employed to establish the formation of the drug-G4 PAMAM complexes. RESULTS The docking results showed that the amide groups of VPA derivatives make polar interactions with G4 PAMAM, whereas MD simulations corroborated the stability of the complexes. HPLC UV/VIS experiments showed an increase in the drug water solubility which was found to be directly proportional to the amount of G4 PAMAM. 1H NMR showed a disappearance of the proton amine group signals, correlating with docking results. MALDI-TOF and atomic force microscopy suggested the drug-G4 PAMAM dendrimer complexes formation. DISCUSSION In vitro studies showed that G4 PAMAM has toxicity in the micromolar concentration in MDAMB- 231, MCF7, and 3T3-L1 cell lines. VPA CF-G4 PAMAM dendrimer complex showed anti-proliferative properties in the micromolar concentration in MCF-7 and 3T3-L1, and in the milimolar concentration in MDAMB- 231, whereas VPA MF-G4 PAMAM dendrimer complex didn't show effects on the three cell lines employed. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that G4 PAMAM dendrimers are capableof transporting poorly watersoluble aryl-VPA derivate compounds to increase its cytotoxic activity against neoplastic cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto M Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Diseno y Desarrollo de Nuevos Farmacos e Innovacion Biotecnologica de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Miron S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Mexico City, CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Manuel J Fragoso-Vázquez
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias, Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Prolongacion de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Mexico City, CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Berenice P Martel
- Laboratorio de Diseno y Desarrollo de Nuevos Farmacos e Innovacion Biotecnologica de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Miron S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Mexico City, CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Alma Chávez-Blanco
- Division de Investigacion Basica, Subdireccion de Investigacion Basica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Tlalpan, Seccion XVI, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Dueñas-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico/Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - José R García-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de oncologia Molecular y estres oxidativo de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Miron S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Mexico City, CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Martiniano Bello
- Laboratorio de Diseno y Desarrollo de Nuevos Farmacos e Innovacion Biotecnologica de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Miron S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Mexico City, CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Aurelio Romero-Castro
- Division de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Quintana Roo. Av. Erik Paolo Martinez S/N. Esquina Av. 4 de Marzo, Col. Magisterial, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, C.P. 77039, Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseno y Desarrollo de Nuevos Farmacos e Innovacion Biotecnologica de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico. Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Miron S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Mexico City, CP 11340, Mexico
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Carrasco-Esteban E, Domínguez-Rullán JA, Barrionuevo-Castillo P, Pelari-Mici L, Leaman O, Sastre-Gallego S, López-Campos F. Current role of nanoparticles in the treatment of lung cancer. J Clin Transl Res 2021; 7:140-155. [PMID: 34104817 PMCID: PMC8177846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death. Nevertheless, new therapeutic agents have been developed to treat lung cancer that could change this mortality-rate. Interestingly, incredible advances have occurred in recent years in the development and application of nanotechnology in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer. AIM Nanoparticles (NPs) have the ability to incorporate multiple drugs and targeting agents and therefore lead to an improved bioavailability, sustained delivery, solubility, and intestinal absorption. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS This review briefly summarizes the latest innovations in therapeutic nanomedicine in lung cancer with examples on magnetic, lipid, and polymer NP. Emphasis will be placed on future studies and ongoing clinical trials in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lira Pelari-Mici
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olwen Leaman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Sastre-Gallego
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Campos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Elgiddawy N, Ren S, Yassar A, Louis-Joseph A, Sauriat-Dorizon H, El Rouby WMA, El-Gendy AO, Farghali AA, Korri-Youssoufi H. Dispersible Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles as Biointerface Materials for Label-Free Bacteria Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:39979-39990. [PMID: 32805819 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fast and efficient identification of bacterial pathogens in water and biological fluids is an important issue in medical, food safety, and public health concerns that requires low-cost and efficient sensing strategies. Impedimetric sensors are promising tools for monitoring bacteria detection because of their reliability and ease-of-use. We herein report a study on new biointerface-based amphiphilic poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(3-triethylene-glycol-thiophene), P3HT-b-P3TEGT, for label-free impedimetric detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli). This biointerface is fabricated by the self-assembly of P3HT-b-P3TEGT into core-shell nanoparticles, which was further decorated with mannose, leading to an easy-to-use solution-processable nanoparticle material for biosensing. The hydrophilic block P3TEGT promotes antifouling and prevents nonspecific interactions, while improving the ionic and electronic transport properties, thus enhancing the electrochemical-sensing capability in aqueous solution. Self-assembly and micelle formation of P3HT-b-P3TEGT were analyzed by 2D-NMR, Fourier transform infrared, dynamic light scattering, contact angle, and microscopy characterizations. Detection of E. coli was characterized and evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and optical and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The sensing layer based on the mannose-functionalized P3HT-b-P3TEGT nanoparticles demonstrates targeting ability toward E. coli pili protein with a detection range from 103 to 107 cfu/mL, and its selectivity was studied with Gram(+) bacteria. Application to real samples was performed by detection of bacteria in tap and the Nile water. The approach developed here shows that water/alcohol-processable-functionalized conjugated polymer nanoparticles are suitable for use as electrode materials, which have potential application in fabrication of a low-cost, label-free impedimetric biosensor for the detection of bacteria in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Elgiddawy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), ECBB, Bât 420, 2 Rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, 91400 Orsay, France
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, 62 511 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Shiwei Ren
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Alain Louis-Joseph
- PMC, CNRS, UMR 7643, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Hélène Sauriat-Dorizon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), ECBB, Bât 420, 2 Rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Waleed M A El Rouby
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, 62 511 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O El-Gendy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62 511 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, 62 511 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hafsa Korri-Youssoufi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), ECBB, Bât 420, 2 Rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, 91400 Orsay, France
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Chis AA, Dobrea C, Morgovan C, Arseniu AM, Rus LL, Butuca A, Juncan AM, Totan M, Vonica-Tincu AL, Cormos G, Muntean AC, Muresan ML, Gligor FG, Frum A. Applications and Limitations of Dendrimers in Biomedicine. Molecules 2020; 25:E3982. [PMID: 32882920 PMCID: PMC7504821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedicine represents one of the main study areas for dendrimers, which have proven to be valuable both in diagnostics and therapy, due to their capacity for improving solubility, absorption, bioavailability and targeted distribution. Molecular cytotoxicity constitutes a limiting characteristic, especially for cationic and higher-generation dendrimers. Antineoplastic research of dendrimers has been widely developed, and several types of poly(amidoamine) and poly(propylene imine) dendrimer complexes with doxorubicin, paclitaxel, imatinib, sunitinib, cisplatin, melphalan and methotrexate have shown an improvement in comparison with the drug molecule alone. The anti-inflammatory therapy focused on dendrimer complexes of ibuprofen, indomethacin, piroxicam, ketoprofen and diflunisal. In the context of the development of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, dendrimer complexes of fluoroquinolones, macrolides, beta-lactamines and aminoglycosides have shown promising effects. Regarding antiviral therapy, studies have been performed to develop dendrimer conjugates with tenofovir, maraviroc, zidovudine, oseltamivir and acyclovir, among others. Furthermore, cardiovascular therapy has strongly addressed dendrimers. Employed in imaging diagnostics, dendrimers reduce the dosage required to obtain images, thus improving the efficiency of radioisotopes. Dendrimers are macromolecular structures with multiple advantages that can suffer modifications depending on the chemical nature of the drug that has to be transported. The results obtained so far encourage the pursuit of new studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Dobrea
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga St., 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (A.A.C.); (A.M.A.); (L.L.R.); (A.B.); (A.M.J.); (M.T.); (A.L.V.-T.); (G.C.); (A.C.M.); (M.L.M.); (F.G.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Claudiu Morgovan
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga St., 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (A.A.C.); (A.M.A.); (L.L.R.); (A.B.); (A.M.J.); (M.T.); (A.L.V.-T.); (G.C.); (A.C.M.); (M.L.M.); (F.G.G.); (A.F.)
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Wu SY, Chou HY, Tsai HC, Anbazhagan R, Yuh CH, Yang JM, Chang YH. Amino acid-modified PAMAM dendritic nanocarriers as effective chemotherapeutic drug vehicles in cancer treatment: a study using zebrafish as a cancer model. RSC Adv 2020; 10:20682-20690. [PMID: 35517745 PMCID: PMC9054295 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01589j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials for drug delivery offers many advantages including the targeted delivery of drugs and their controlled release. Nonetheless, entry into the target cells remains a challenge for many nanomaterials used for drug delivery. Moreover, cellular uptake limits the therapeutic efficiency of many anticancer drugs. An important goal is to increase the specific accumulation of these nanoparticles (NPs) at the desired cancerous tissues. Notably, cancer cells show a high demand for some amino acids and we have used this knowledge to develop novel carrier systems. In this study, drug carriers were produced by the conjugation of multiple amino acids such as l-histidine (H) and l-cysteine (C) or single amino acids such as only H with the G4.5 dendrimers (G) to produce GHC aggregates and GH NP carriers, respectively. Doxorubicin was loaded into the G4.5, GH, and GHC dendrimers (G/DOX, GH/DOX and GHC/DOX, respectively) and the release mechanism was demonstrated at pH 7.4 and pH 5.0. GH/DOX and GHC/DOX showed better stability under physiological conditions than the dendrimer alone (G/DOX). GH/DOX and GHC/DOX exhibited higher inhibition of HeLa cell proliferation in in vitro and in vivo studies in zebrafish, confirming the early release of DOX by disrupting the endosomal membrane and triggering the destabilization of carriers at a lower pH of 5.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yuan Wu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University Taichung Taiwan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, LotungPoh-Ai Hospital Yilan Taiwan
- Big Data Center, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, LotungPoh-Ai Hospital Yilan 265 Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University Taichung 41354 Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ying Chou
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan +886-2-27303625 +886-984252998
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Chih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan +886-2-27303625 +886-984252998
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Rajeshkumar Anbazhagan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan +886-2-27303625 +886-984252998
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Hwa Yuh
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Miaoli Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Jen Ming Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University Tao-Yuan Taiwan +886-3-2118800-529
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Tao-Yuan, 333 Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsiang Chang
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Tao-Yuan, 333 Taiwan
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Yang W, Veroniaina H, Qi X, Chen P, Li F, Ke PC. Soft and Condensed Nanoparticles and Nanoformulations for Cancer Drug Delivery and Repurpose. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020; 3:1900102. [PMID: 34291146 PMCID: PMC8291088 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug repurpose or reposition is recently recognized as a high-performance strategy for developing therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. This approach can significantly reduce the risk of failure, shorten R&D time, and minimize cost and regulatory obstacles. On the other hand, nanotechnology-based delivery systems are extensively investigated in cancer therapy due to their remarkable ability to overcome drug delivery challenges, enhance tumor specific targeting, and reduce toxic side effects. With increasing knowledge accumulated over the past decades, nanoparticle formulation and delivery have opened up a new avenue for repurposing drugs and demonstrated promising results in advanced cancer therapy. In this review, recent developments in nano-delivery and formulation systems based on soft (i.e., DNA nanocages, nanogels, and dendrimers) and condensed (i.e., noble metal nanoparticles and metal-organic frameworks) nanomaterials, as well as their theranostic applications in drug repurpose against cancer are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Xiaole Qi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn AL 36849, USA
| | - Pu Chun Ke
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Mahmoudi A, Jaafari MR, Ramezanian N, Gholami L, Malaekeh-Nikouei B. BR2 and CyLoP1 enhance in-vivo SN38 delivery using pegylated PAMAM dendrimers. Int J Pharm 2019; 564:77-89. [PMID: 30991135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yin YB, Conrad CL, Heck KN, Lejarza F, Wong MS. Microencapsulated Photoluminescent Gold for ppb-Level Chromium(VI) Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:17491-17500. [PMID: 31017388 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) are a promising probe material for selective chemical sensing. However, low luminescent intensity and an incomplete understanding of the mechanistic origin of the luminescence limit their practical implementation. We induced glutathione-capped Au NCs to aggregate within silica-coated microcapsular structures using polymer-salt aggregate self-assembly chemistry. The encapsulated NCs have a 5× luminescence enhancement compared to free Au NCs and can detect Cr(VI) at concentrations as low as 6 ppb (=0.12 μM CrO42-) through luminescence quenching, compared to free Au NCs, which have a limit of detection (LOD) of 52 ppb (=1 μM CrO42-). The LOD is 16× lower than the United States Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level for total chromium (Cr(III) + Cr(VI), 100 ppb) in drinking water. No pH adjustment is needed using the encapsulated Au NCs, unlike the case for free Au NCs. The luminescent microcapsule material can sense Cr(VI) in simulated drinking water with a ∼20-30 ppb LOD, serving as a possible basis for a practical Cr(VI) sensor.
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Rodríguez-Fonseca RA, Bello M, de Los Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Luis Jiménez J, Rojas-Hernández S, Fragoso-Vázquez MJ, Gutiérrez-Sánchez M, Rodrigues J, Cayetano-Castro N, Borja-Urby R, Rodríguez-Cortés O, García-Machorro J, Correa-Basurto J. In silico search, chemical characterization and immunogenic evaluation of amino-terminated G4-PAMAM-HIV peptide complexes using three-dimensional models of the HIV-1 gp120 protein. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 177:77-93. [PMID: 30711762 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Peptide epitopes have been widely used to develop synthetic vaccines and immunotherapies. However, peptide epitopes may exhibit poor absorption or immunogenicity due to their low molecular weights. Conversely, fourth-generation polyamidoamine (G4-PAMAM) dendrimers are nonimmunogenic and relatively nontoxic synthetic nanoparticles that have been used as adjuvants and nanocarriers of small peptides and to improve nasal absorption. Based on this information, we hypothesized that the combination of intranasal immunization and G4-PAMAM dendrimers would be useful for enhancing the antibody responses of HIV-1 gp120 peptide epitopes. Therefore, we first used structural data, peptide epitope predictors and docking and MD simulations on MHC-II to identify two peptide epitopes on the CD4 binding site of HIV-1 gp120. The formation of G4-PAMAM-peptide complexes was evaluated in silico (molecular docking studies using different G4-PAMAM conformations retrieved from MD simulations as well as the MMGBSA approach) and validated experimentally (electrophoresis, 1H NMR and cryo-TEM). Next, the G4-PAMAM dendrimer-peptide complexes were administered intranasally to groups of female BALB/cJ mice. The results showed that both peptides were immunogenic at the systemic and mucosal levels (nasal and vaginal), and G4-PAMAM dendrimer-peptide complexes improved IgG and IgA responses in serum and nasal washes. Thus, G4-PAMAM dendrimers have potential for use as adjuvants and nanocarriers of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Alberto Rodríguez-Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotécnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Martiniano Bello
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotécnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | | | - José Luis Jiménez
- Sección Inmunología, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Saúl Rojas-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - M J Fragoso-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mara Gutiérrez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - João Rodrigues
- Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal; Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal and School of Materials Science and Engineering/Center for Nano Energy Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - N Cayetano-Castro
- Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - R Borja-Urby
- Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Octavio Rodríguez-Cortés
- Laboratorio 103, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón S/N, Casco de Santo Tomas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jazmín García-Machorro
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México, 11340, Mexico.
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotécnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
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Evaluation of nitriloacetic acid modified cellulose film on adsorption of methylene blue. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:400-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Anwaier G, Chen C, Cao Y, Qi R. A review of molecular imaging of atherosclerosis and the potential application of dendrimer in imaging of plaque. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7681-7693. [PMID: 29089763 PMCID: PMC5656339 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s142385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that technological advancements have been made in diagnosis and treatment, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Early detection of atherosclerosis (AS), especially vulnerable plaques, plays a crucial role in the prevention of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Targeting the critical cytokines and molecules that are upregulated during the biological process of AS by in vivo molecular imaging has been widely used in plaque imaging. With their three-dimensional architecture, composition, and abundant terminal functional groups, dendrimers provide a platform for multitargeting and multimodal imaging. Thus, modified dendrimers with the key molecules upregulated in AS plaques will be an innovative attempt to achieve targeted imaging of AS plaques specifically and efficiently. This review was aimed to address some recent works on imaging of AS plaques using various types of image technology and further discuss the applications of dendrimers, an innovative yet seldom used method in imaging of AS plaques due to some limitations and challenges, and we highlight the bright future of the modified dendrimers in characterizing AS plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulinigaer Anwaier
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of education, Peking University Health Science Center.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing.,School of Basic Medical Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Chen
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of education, Peking University Health Science Center.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing
| | - Yini Cao
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of education, Peking University Health Science Center.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing
| | - Rong Qi
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of education, Peking University Health Science Center.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing.,School of Basic Medical Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
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Martínez-Muñoz A, Bello M, Romero-Castro A, Rodríguez-Fonseca RA, Rodrigues J, Sánchez-Espinosa VA, Correa-Basurto J. Binding free energy calculations using MMPB/GBSA approaches for PAMAM-G4-drug complexes at neutral, basic and acid pH conditions. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 76:330-341. [PMID: 28759825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are synthetic macromolecules with a highly-branched structure and high concentration of surface groups. Among dendrimers, Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) has received substantial attention as a novel drug carrier and delivery system. Depending on the generation and type of terminal groups, dendrimer toxicity could change and include cytotoxicity. Although PAMAM is water soluble, molecular modeling of the dendrimer-drug complex is considered challenging for exploring the conformational mobility of dendrimers and atomic specific interactions during the dendrimer-drug association. However, conventional protocols for predicting binding affinities have been designed for small protein molecules or protein-protein complexes that can be applied to study the dendrimer-drug association. In this work, we performed docking calculations for a set of 94 previously reported compounds on PAMAM of fourth generation (G4-PAMAM) to select six compounds, cromoglicic acid (CRO) - a mast cell stabilizer, Fusidic acid (FUS) - a bacteriostatic antibiotic, and Methotrexate (MTX) - a chemotherapy agent and immune system suppressant, which have the highest affinities for G4-PAMAM, and Lidocaine (LDC) - used to numb tissue in a specific area and for ventricular tachycardia treatment, Metoprolol (MET) - a β1 receptor blocker, and Pindolol (PIN) - a β blocker, which have the lowest affinities for the G4-PAMAM dendrimer, to perform MD simulations combined with the molecular mechanics generalized/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area MMGBSA/MMPBSA approach to investigate the interactions of generating 4 charge-neutral, charge-basic and charge-acid G4-PAMAM dendrimers. In addition, to validate these theoretical G4-PAMAM-drug complexes, the complexes were experimentally conjugated to determine their stability in aqueous solubility studies immediately and over one year. Our results show that among the different commercial drugs, both charged and neutral PAMAM have the most favorable binding free energies for CRO, MTX, and FUS, which appears to be due to a complex counterbalance of electrostatics and van der Waals interactions. These theoretical and aqueous solubility studies supported the high affinity of methotrexate for the G4-PAMAM-drug due to its carboxyl and aryl moieties that favor its accommodation by noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Martínez-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular y Bioinformática de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, CP: 11340, Mexico
| | - Martiniano Bello
- Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular y Bioinformática de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, CP: 11340, Mexico.
| | - Aurelio Romero-Castro
- Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular y Bioinformática de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, CP: 11340, Mexico
| | - Rolando Alberto Rodríguez-Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular y Bioinformática de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, CP: 11340, Mexico
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM-Centro de Quimica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Víctor Armando Sánchez-Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular y Bioinformática de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, CP: 11340, Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular y Bioinformática de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, CP: 11340, Mexico.
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Palmerston Mendes L, Pan J, Torchilin VP. Dendrimers as Nanocarriers for Nucleic Acid and Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2017; 22:E1401. [PMID: 28832535 PMCID: PMC5600151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are highly branched polymers with easily modifiable surfaces. This makes them promising structures for functionalization and also for conjugation with drugs and DNA/RNA. Their architecture, which can be controlled by different synthesis processes, allows the control of characteristics such as shape, size, charge, and solubility. Dendrimers have the ability to increase the solubility and bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. The drugs can be entrapped in the intramolecular cavity of the dendrimers or conjugated to their functional groups at their surface. Nucleic acids usually form complexes with the positively charged surface of most cationic dendrimers and this approach has been extensively employed. The presence of functional groups in the dendrimer's exterior also permits the addition of other moieties that can actively target certain diseases and improve delivery, for instance, with folate and antibodies, now widely used as tumor targeting strategies. Dendrimers have been investigated extensively in the medical field, and cancer treatment is one of the greatest areas where they have been most used. This review will consider the main types of dendrimer currently being explored and how they can be utilized as drug and gene carriers and functionalized to improve the delivery of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Palmerston Mendes
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia 70040-020, Brazil.
| | - Jiayi Pan
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Franiak-Pietryga I, Maciejewski H, Ziemba B, Appelhans D, Voit B, Robak T, Jander M, Treliński J, Bryszewska M, Borowiec M. Blockage of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling by Nanoparticles Reduces Survival and Proliferation of CLL Cells In Vitro-Preliminary Study. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Franiak-Pietryga
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics; Medical University of Lodz; Pomorska Str. 251 92-213 Lodz Poland
- Laboratory of Clinical and Transplant Immunology and Genetics; Copernicus Memorial Hospital; Pabianicka Str. 62 93-513 Lodz Poland
- GeneaMed LTD; Kopcinskiego Str. 16/18/904 90-232 Lodz Poland
| | - Henryk Maciejewski
- Department of Computer Engineering; Wroclaw University of Technology; Janiszewskiego Str. 11/17 50-372 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Barbara Ziemba
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics; Medical University of Lodz; Pomorska Str. 251 92-213 Lodz Poland
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden; Hohe Str. 6 D-01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden; Hohe Str. 6 D-01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Tadeusz Robak
- Department of Hematology; Medical University of Lodz; Copernicus Memorial Hospital; Pabianicka Str. 62 93-513 Lodz Poland
| | | | - Jacek Treliński
- Department of Hematology; Medical University of Lodz; Copernicus Memorial Hospital; Pabianicka Str. 62 93-513 Lodz Poland
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Lodz; Pomorska Str. 141/143 90-236 Lodz Poland
| | - Maciej Borowiec
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Genetics; Medical University of Lodz; Pomorska Str. 251 92-213 Lodz Poland
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He G, Zhu C, Ye S, Cai W, Yin Y, Zheng H, Yi Y. Preparation and properties of novel hydrogel based on chitosan modified by poly(amidoamine) dendrimer. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:828-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Vaidyanathan S, Chen J, Orr BG, Banaszak Holl MM. Cationic Polymer Intercalation into the Lipid Membrane Enables Intact Polyplex DNA Escape from Endosomes for Gene Delivery. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1967-78. [PMID: 27111496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Developing improved cationic polymer-DNA polyplexes for gene delivery requires improved understanding of DNA transport from endosomes into the nucleus. Using a FRET-capable oligonucleotide molecular beacon (OMB), we monitored the transport of intact DNA to cell organelles. We observed that for effective (jetPEI) and ineffective (G5 PAMAM) vectors, the fraction of cells displaying intact OMB in the cytosol (jetPEI ≫ G5 PAMAM) quantitatively predicted the fraction expressing transgene (jetPEI ≫ G5 PAMAM). Intact OMB delivered with PAMAM and confined to endosomes could be released to the cytosol by the subsequent addition of L-PEI, with a corresponding 10-fold increase in transgene expression. These results suggest that future vector development should optimize vectors for intercalation into, and destabilization of, the endosomal membrane. Finally, the study highlights a two-step strategy in which the pDNA is loaded in cells using one vector and endosomal release is mediated by a second agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Vaidyanathan
- Departments of †Biomedical Engineering and ‡Chemistry and Programs in §Applied Physics and ⊥Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Junjie Chen
- Departments of †Biomedical Engineering and ‡Chemistry and Programs in §Applied Physics and ⊥Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bradford G Orr
- Departments of †Biomedical Engineering and ‡Chemistry and Programs in §Applied Physics and ⊥Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mark M Banaszak Holl
- Departments of †Biomedical Engineering and ‡Chemistry and Programs in §Applied Physics and ⊥Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Mekuria SL, Tsai HC. Preparation of self-assembled core–shell nano structure of conjugated generation 4.5 poly (amidoamine) dendrimer and monoclonal Anti-IL-6 antibody as bioimaging probe. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:253-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Markowicz-Piasecka M, Mikiciuk-Olasik E, Sikora J. Stability of erythrocyte membrane and overall hemostasis potential - A biocompatibility study of mebrofenin and other iminodiacetic acid derivatives. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:1230-9. [PMID: 26481547 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous injection seems to be the most convenient way of administering drugs and contrast agents, which makes components of the blood the first and usually unwanted target of their action. Binding of intravenously administered compounds to erythrocytes, blood platelets and vascular wall may have serious clinical implications. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of four iminodiacetic acid derivatives, potential ligands for gadolinium complexation, on the process of coagulation and fibrinolysis, activity of thrombin and hemolysis. METHODS Kinetic parameters of coagulation and fibrinolysis process were determined during an optical CL-test based on measurement of transmittance alterations. Thrombin (0.5 IU/mL) and t-PA (240 ng/mL) were used to obtain a clotting and lysis curve. The activity of thrombin was determined with a chromogenic substrate S-2238. Hemolysis was examined spectrophotometrically and expressed as a percentage of released hemoglobin. RESULTS Exposure to iminodiacetic acid derivatives resulted in a significant increase in the overall potential of clotting and lysis (CLAUC), as well as with the significant changes in the key parameters of these processes (thrombin time, initial plasma clotting velocity, clot stabilization time). Furthermore, iminodiacetic acid derivatives caused a significant decrease in the amidolytic activity of thrombin and enhanced hemolysis in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Despite their influence on the process of coagulation and fibrinolysis, amidolytic activity of thrombin and hemolysis, iminodiacetic acid derivatives should be generally considered safe as the significant effects were observed mostly at 4 μmol/mL, which is about 10-fold higher than the theoretical plasma concentration of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Mikiciuk-Olasik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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31
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Markowicz-Piasecka M, Łuczak E, Chałubiński M, Broncel M, Mikiciuk-Olasik E, Sikora J. Studies towards biocompatibility of PAMAM dendrimers--overall hemostasis potential and integrity of the human aortic endothelial barrier. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:158-69. [PMID: 24998508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The last decade has brought many examples of utilization of dendrimers as drug delivery systems; however, their possible application is limited because of inherent toxicity associated with them. This study discusses the influence of G1-G4 PAMAM-NH2 dendrimers on the process of hemostasis and integrity of endothelial monolayer. The global assay of coagulation and fibrinolysis was investigated spectrophotometrically by means of CL-test at 405 nm. Thrombin (0.5 I U/mL) and t-PA (240 ng/mL) were used to obtain clotting and lysis curve. The activity of thrombin was determined by means of chromogenic substrate S-2238. The influence of PAMAM dendrimers on the barrier properties of human primary aortal endothelium was assessed by means of method based on the measurements of the impedance changes of the cells. Observed multidirectional impact of dendrimers, without affecting the thrombin activity, on clot formation, its stabilization and fibrinolysis could be regarded as important when trying to use them clinically. It is crucial that examined PAMAM dendrimers did not lead to spontaneous aggregation of fibrinogen. Importantly, examined polymers have concentration- and generation-dependent adverse effect towards the endothelial monolayer. RESULT of described studies provide additional insight into PAMAM dendrimers toxicity associated with systemic administration and underscore the necessity for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Emilia Łuczak
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Chałubiński
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marlena Broncel
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Mikiciuk-Olasik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Taghavi Pourianazar N, Mutlu P, Gunduz U. Bioapplications of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers in nanomedicine. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH 2014; 16:2342. [DOI: 10.1007/s11051-014-2342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2025]
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Nigam S, Chandra S, Newgreen DF, Bahadur D, Chen Q. Poly(ethylene glycol)-modified PAMAM-Fe3O4-doxorubicin triads with the potential for improved therapeutic efficacy: generation-dependent increased drug loading and retention at neutral pH and increased release at acidic pH. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:1004-1011. [PMID: 24446987 DOI: 10.1021/la404246h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer-coated magnetic nanoparticles are a promising drug-delivery system that can enhance the therapeutic effects of chemotherapy drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), with minimized side effects. This work explores the optimization of the potential therapeutic efficiency of PAMAM-Fe3O4-DOX triads. Different generations (G3, G5, and G6) of PAMAMs were synthesized and modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and then used to encapsulate glutamic acid-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The Fe3O4-dendrimer carriers (Fe3O4-DGx where x = the generation 3, 5, or 6 of dendrimers) were electrostatically conjugated with drug DOX. The loading and releasing efficiencies of DOX increased with the PAMAM generation from 3 to 6. The loading efficiencies of DOX molecules were 87, 93, and 96% for generations 3, 5, and 6, respectively. At pH 5, the DOX release efficiencies within 24 h were approximately 60, 68, and 80% for generations 3, 5, and 6, respectively. At pH 7.4, the DOX releasing efficiency was as low as ∼ 15%. Compared to the negative control, the PAMAM-Fe3O4-DOX triads showed only mild toxicity against human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line HeLa at pH 7.4, which indicated that DOX can be fairly benignly carried and sparingly released until PAMAM-Fe3O4-DOX is taken up into the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Nigam
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, IIT Bombay , Mumbai 400076, India
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Ziemba B, Franiak-Pietryga I, Pion M, Appelhans D, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Voit B, Bryszewska M, Klajnert-Maculewicz B. Toxicity and proapoptotic activity of poly(propylene imine) glycodendrimers in vitro: Considering their contrary potential as biocompatible entity and drug molecule in cancer. Int J Pharm 2014; 461:391-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Hansen JS, Ficker M, Petersen JF, Nielsen BE, Gohar S, Christensen JB. Study of the complexation of oxacillin in 1-(4-carbomethoxypyrrolidone)-terminated PAMAM dendrimers. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:14865-74. [PMID: 24219418 DOI: 10.1021/jp408613z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The complexation of oxacillin to three generations of 1-(4-carbomethoxypyrrolidone)-terminated PAMAM dendrimers was studied with NMR in CD3OD and CDCl3. The stochiometries, which were determined from Job plots, were found to be both solvent- and generation-dependent. The dissociation constants (K(d)) and Gibbs energies for complexation of oxacillin into the 1-(4-carbomethoxypyrrolidone)-terminated PAMAM dendrimer hosts were determined by (1)H NMR titrations and showed weaker binding of oxacillin upon increasing the size (generation) of the dendrimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon S Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sadekar S, Thiagarajan G, Bartlett K, Hubbard D, Ray A, McGill LD, Ghandehari H. Poly(amido amine) dendrimers as absorption enhancers for oral delivery of camptothecin. Int J Pharm 2013; 456:175-85. [PMID: 23933439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oral delivery of camptothecin has a treatment advantage but is limited by low bioavailability and gastrointestinal toxicity. Poly(amido amine) or PAMAM dendrimers have shown promise as intestinal penetration enhancers, drug solubilizers and drug carriers for oral delivery in vitro and in situ. There have been very limited studies in vivo to evaluate PAMAM dendrimers for oral drug delivery. In this study, camptothecin (5 mg/kg) was formulated and co-delivered with cationic, amine-terminated PAMAM dendrimer generation 4.0 (G4.0) (100 and 300 mg/kg) and anionic, carboxylate-terminated PAMAM generation 3.5 (G3.5) (300 and 1000 mg/kg) in CD-1 mice. Camptothecin associated to a higher extent with G4.0 than G3.5 in the formulation, attributed to an electrostatic interaction on the surface of G4.0. Both PAMAM G4.0 and G3.5 increased camptothecin solubilization in simulated gastric fluid and caused a 2-3 fold increase in oral absorption of camptothecin when delivered at 2 h. PAMAM G4.0 and G3.5 did not increase mannitol transport suggesting that the oral absorption of camptothecin was not due to tight junction modulation. Histologic observations of the epithelial layer of small intestinal segments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) at 4 h post dosing supported no evidence of toxicity at the evaluated doses of PAMAM dendrimers. This study demonstrates that both cationic (G.4) and anionic (G3.5) PAMAM dendrimers were effective in enhancing the oral absorption of camptothecin. Results suggest that drug inclusion in PAMAM interior controlled solubilization in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, and increased oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sadekar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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