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Gottumukkala SB, Ganesan TS, Palanisamy A. Comprehensive molecular interaction map of TGFβ induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:53. [PMID: 38760412 PMCID: PMC11101644 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00378-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the prevailing cancers globally, with a high mortality rate. Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is an advanced stage of cancer, characterised by a highly nonlinear, heterogeneous process involving numerous singling pathways and regulatory interactions. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) emerges as a key mechanism exploited by cancer cells. Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ)-dependent signalling is attributed to promote EMT in advanced stages of breast cancer. A comprehensive regulatory map of TGFβ induced EMT was developed through an extensive literature survey. The network assembled comprises of 312 distinct species (proteins, genes, RNAs, complexes), and 426 reactions (state transitions, nuclear translocations, complex associations, and dissociations). The map was developed by following Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) using Cell Designer and made publicly available using MINERVA ( http://35.174.227.105:8080/minerva/?id=Metastatic_Breast_Cancer_1 ). While the complete molecular mechanism of MBC is still not known, the map captures the elaborate signalling interplay of TGFβ induced EMT-promoting MBC. Subsequently, the disease map assembled was translated into a Boolean model utilising CaSQ and analysed using Cell Collective. Simulations of these have captured the known experimental outcomes of TGFβ induced EMT in MBC. Hub regulators of the assembled map were identified, and their transcriptome-based analysis confirmed their role in cancer metastasis. Elaborate analysis of this map may help in gaining additional insights into the development and progression of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trivadi Sundaram Ganesan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Anbumathi Palanisamy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, India.
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2
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Somanader DVN, Zhao P, Widdop RE, Samuel CS. The involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade in fibrosis progression and its therapeutic targeting by relaxin. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116130. [PMID: 38490518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Organ scarring, referred to as fibrosis, results from a failed wound-healing response to chronic tissue injury and is characterised by the aberrant accumulation of various extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Once established, fibrosis is recognised as a hallmark of stiffened and dysfunctional tissues, hence, various fibrosis-related diseases collectively contribute to high morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Despite this, these diseases are ineffectively treated by currently-available medications. The pro-fibrotic cytokine, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, has emerged as the master regulator of fibrosis progression, owing to its ability to promote various factors and processes that facilitate rapid ECM synthesis and deposition, whilst negating ECM degradation. TGF-β1 signal transduction is tightly controlled by canonical (Smad-dependent) and non-canonical (MAP kinase- and Rho-associated protein kinase-dependent) intracellular protein activity, whereas its pro-fibrotic actions can also be facilitated by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. This review outlines the pathological sequence of events and contributing roles of TGF-β1 in the progression of fibrosis, and how the Wnt/β-catenin pathway contributes to tissue repair in acute disease settings, but to fibrosis and related tissue dysfunction in synergy with TGF-β1 in chronic diseases. It also outlines the anti-fibrotic and related signal transduction mechanisms of the hormone, relaxin, that are mediated via its negative modulation of TGF-β1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, but through the promotion of Wnt/β-catenin activity in acute disease settings. Collectively, this highlights that the crosstalk between TGF-β1 signal transduction and the Wnt/β-catenin cascade may provide a therapeutic target that can be exploited to broadly treat and reverse established fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidree V N Somanader
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Peishen Zhao
- Drug Discovery Biology Program, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Robert E Widdop
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Babadag S, Altundag-Erdogan Ö, Akkaya-Ulum YZ, Çelebi-Saltik B. The role of telocytes and miR-21-5p in tumorigenicity and metastasis of breast cancer stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:395. [PMID: 38446251 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the roles of telocytes on the metastatic properties of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), and to re-evaluate the effect of miR-21-5p expression on CSCs following the addition of telocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Telocytes from human bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated/characterised. This was followed by the isolation/characterisation of CSCs from the MDA-MB-231. miR-21-5p was both overexpressed/inhibited in CSCs. Through co-culture studies, EMT transition and oncogenic properties of CSCs were investigated by analysing changes in ALDH1 and vimentin protein levels as well as changes in the ABCC11, SNAI1, LZTFL1, Oct 3/4, E- and N-cadherin gene expression levels. With the inhibition of miR-21-5p, significant increases in LZTFL and ABCC11 were observed with the addition of telocytes. The expression of the LZTFL gene, which decreased with the overexpression of miR-21-5p, increased in CSCs after co-culture with telocytes. While an increase expression of ABCC11, SNAI1, N-Cadherin, vimentin and ALDH was observed in CSCs after overexpression of miR-21-5p, significant decreases in these expressions were observed after co-culture with telocyte. CONCLUSIONS In our study, by gene/protein level analysis we demonstrated that telocytes may have the potential to reduce cancer metastasis through miR-21-5p in breast cancer progression and reduce EMT transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Babadag
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Özlem Altundag-Erdogan
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Z Akkaya-Ulum
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Betül Çelebi-Saltik
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
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4
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Barzegar S, Pirouzpanah S. Zinc finger proteins and ATP-binding cassette transporter-dependent multidrug resistance. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14120. [PMID: 37930002 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a significant challenge in cancer treatment, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Dysregulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters has been identified as a key contributor to MDR. Zinc finger proteins (ZNPs) are key regulators of transcription and have emerged as potential contributors to cancer drug resistance. Bridging the knowledge gap between ZNPs and MDR is essential to understand a source of heterogeneity in cancer treatment. This review sought to elucidate how different ZNPs modulate the transcriptional regulation of ABC genes, contributing to resistance to cancer therapies. METHODS The search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE and Web of Science. RESULTS In addition to ABC-blockers, the transcriptional features regulated by ZNP are expected to play a role in reversing ABC-mediated MDR and predicting the efficacy of anticancer treatments. Among the ZNP-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition, SNAIL, SLUG and Zebs have been identified as important factors in promoting MDR through activation of ATM, NFκB and PI3K/Akt pathways, exposing the metabolism to potential ZNP-MDR interactions. Additionally, nuclear receptors, such as VDR, ER and PXR have been found to modulate certain ABC regulations. Other C2H2-type zinc fingers, including Kruppel-like factors, Gli and Sp also have the potential to contribute to MDR. CONCLUSION Besides reviewing evidence on the effects of ZNP dysregulation on ABC-related chemoresistance in malignancies, significant markers of ZNP functions are discussed to highlight the clinical implications of gene-to-gene and microenvironment-to-gene interactions on MDR prospects. Future research on ZNP-derived biomarkers is crucial for addressing heterogeneity in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Barzegar
- Shahid Madani Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Pirouzpanah
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Shakartalla SB, Ashmawy NS, Semreen MH, Fayed B, Al Shareef ZM, Jayakumar MN, Ibrahim S, Rahmani M, Hamdy R, Soliman SSM. 1H-NMR metabolomics analysis identifies hypoxanthine as a novel metastasis-associated metabolite in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:253. [PMID: 38167685 PMCID: PMC10762038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in females, mainly because of metastasis. Oncometabolites, produced via metabolic reprogramming, can influence metastatic signaling cascades. Accordingly, and based on our previous results, we propose that metabolites from highly metastatic breast cancer cells behave differently from less-metastatic cells and may play a significant role in metastasis. For instance, we aim to identify these metabolites and their role in breast cancer metastasis. Less metastatic cells (MCF-7) were treated with metabolites secreted from highly metastatic cells (MDA-MB-231) and the gene expression of three epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers including E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin were examined. Some metabolites secreted from MDA-MB-231 cells significantly induced EMT activity. Specifically, hypoxanthine demonstrated a significant EMT effect and increased the migration and invasion effects of MCF-7 cells through a hypoxia-associated mechanism. Hypoxanthine exhibited pro-angiogenic effects via increasing the VEGF and PDGF gene expression and affected lipid metabolism by increasing the gene expression of PCSK-9. Notably, knockdown of purine nucleoside phosphorylase, a gene encoding for an important enzyme in the biosynthesis of hypoxanthine, and inhibition of hypoxanthine uptake caused a significant decrease in hypoxanthine-associated EMT effects. Collectively for the first time, hypoxanthine was identified as a novel metastasis-associated metabolite in breast cancer cells and represents a promising target for diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra B Shakartalla
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, P.O. Box. 21111, Wadmedani, Sudan
| | - Naglaa S Ashmawy
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, P.O. Box 4184, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, P.O. Box 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad H Semreen
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bahgat Fayed
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Product Department, National Research Centre, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zainab M Al Shareef
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manju N Jayakumar
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Rahmani
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rania Hamdy
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44519, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Zou X, Ma L, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Xu C, Zhang D, Chu Y, Zhang J, Li M, Zhang H, Wang J, Peng C, Wei G, Wu Y, Hou Z, Jia H. GATA zinc finger protein p66β promotes breast cancer cell migration by acting as a co-activator of Snail. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:382. [PMID: 37380643 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05887-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional repressor Snail induces EMT during embryonic development and tumor metastasis. Growing evidence indicates that Snail functions as a trans-activator to induce gene expression; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report that Snail cooperates with GATA zinc finger protein p66β to transactivate genes in breast cancer cells. Biologically, depletion of p66β reduces cell migration and lung metastasis in BALB/c mice. Mechanistically, Snail interacts with p66β and cooperatively induces gene transcription. Notably, a group of genes induced by Snail harbor conserved G-rich cis-elements (5'-GGGAGG-3', designated as G-box) in their proximal promoter regions. Snail directly binds to G-box via its zinc fingers and transactivates the G-box-containing promoters. p66β enhances Snail binding affinity to G-box, whereas depletion of p66β results in a decreased binding affinity of Snail to the endogenous promoters and concomitantly reduces the transcription of Snail-induced genes. Taken together, these data demonstrated that p66β is critical for Snail-mediated cell migration by acting as a co-activator of Snail to induce genes containing G-box elements in the promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqun Zou
- Hongqiao Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ma
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihong Zhang
- Hongqiao Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Hongqiao Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu Xu
- Hongqiao Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Hongqiao Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Chu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Hongqiao Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengying Li
- Hongqiao Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Hongqiao Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Hongqiao Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chicheng Peng
- Naruiboen Biomedical Technology Corporation Limited, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhaoyuan Hou
- Hongqiao Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
- Linyi University-Shanghai Jiaotong University Joint Institute of Translational Medicine, Linyi, Shandong, China.
| | - Hao Jia
- Hongqiao Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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EGF-conjugated bio-safe luteolin gold nanoparticles induce cellular toxicity and cell death mediated by site-specific rapid uptake in human triple negative breast cancer cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Tsirigoti C, Ali MM, Maturi V, Heldin CH, Moustakas A. Loss of SNAI1 induces cellular plasticity in invasive triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:832. [PMID: 36171192 PMCID: PMC9519755 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor SNAI1 mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition, fibroblast activation and controls inter-tissue migration. High SNAI1 expression characterizes metastatic triple-negative breast carcinomas, and its knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 uncovered an epithelio-mesenchymal phenotype accompanied by reduced signaling by the cytokine TGFβ. The SNAI1 knockout cells exhibited plasticity in differentiation, drifting towards the luminal phenotype, gained stemness potential and could differentiate into acinar mammospheres in 3D culture. Loss of SNAI1 de-repressed the transcription factor FOXA1, a pioneering factor of mammary luminal progenitors. FOXA1 induced a specific gene program, including the androgen receptor (AR). Inhibiting AR via a specific antagonist regenerated the basal phenotype and blocked acinar differentiation. Thus, loss of SNAI1 in the context of triple-negative breast carcinoma cells promotes an intermediary luminal progenitor phenotype that gains differentiation plasticity based on the dual transcriptional action of FOXA1 and AR. This function of SNAI1 provides means to separate cell invasiveness from progenitor cell de-differentiation as independent cellular programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Tsirigoti
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohamad Moustafa Ali
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Varun Maturi
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden ,grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Pharmacy, Drug Delivery, Uppsala University, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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CHEN J, WANG Y, ZHANG N, XUE X. Shenqihuatan formula reduces inflammation by inhibiting transforming growth factor-beta-stimulated signaling pathway in airway smooth muscle cells. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:520-529. [PMID: 35848968 PMCID: PMC9924674 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20220519.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects and mechanism of Shenqihuatan formula (, SQHT) of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-stimulated cell processes in airway remodeling. METHODS The current study examined cell viability using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Furthermore, a Transwell assay was conducted to detect the ability of cell migration, and apoptosis was detected via flowcytometry. Western Blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to determine the expression levels of apoptosis or inflammation-related factors, such as TGF-β, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-Associated X (Bax), Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA), recombinant rho associated coiled coil containing protein kinase 1/2 (ROCK1/2), extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), Snail, and Slug. Finally, the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) were admeasured by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay. RESULTS The results demonstrated that SQHT inhibited the viability and migration, as well as the the F-actin formation and cytoskeletal reorganization of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) stimulated by TGF-β. By monitoring the changes of critical regulators in the presence of the formula, it was observed that the expression levels of TGF-β, IL-1β, Bcl-2, RhoA, ROCK1/2, ERK1/2, Snail, and Slug were markedly suppressed, whereas Bax expression exhibited the opposite effect. Compared with a well-characterized RhoA pathway inhibitor, Fasudil, SQHT generated equivalent or even higher inhibitory effects on these processes in ASMCs. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these suggested that SQHT can reduce airway inflammation by inhibiting TGF-β-stimulated signaling pathways in ASMCs. These findings may provide a novel remedy for treating ASMC inflammation, which causes thickening and obstruction of the airway in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing CHEN
- 1 Shanxi Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Yuanyuan WANG
- 2 Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Nianzhi ZHANG
- 3 Department of Respiratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
- Prof. ZHANG Nianzhi, Department of Respiratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China. , Telephone: +86-13505615645
| | - Xiaoming XUE
- 1 Shanxi Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China
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Tu Y, Fang P, Zhang L, Sun K. Analysis of the Effect of SNAI Family in Breast Cancer and Immune Cell. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:906885. [PMID: 35898399 PMCID: PMC9309217 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.906885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SNAI family members are transcriptional repressors that induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition during biological development. SNAIs both have tumor-promoting and tumor-inhibiting effect. There are key regulatory effects on tumor onset and development, and patient prognosis in infiltrations of immune cell and tumor microenvironmental changes. However, the relationships between SNAIs and immune cell infiltration remain unclear. We comprehensively analyzed the roles of SNAIs in cancer. We used Oncomine and TCGA data to analyze pan-cancer SNAI transcript levels. By analyzing UALCAN data, we found correlations between SNAI transcript levels and breast cancer patient characteristics. Kaplan–Meier plotter analysis revealed that SNAI1 and SNAI2 have a bad prognosis, whereas SNAI3 is the opposite. Analysis using the cBio Cancer Genomics Portal revealed alterations in SNAIs in breast cancer subtypes. Gene Ontology analysis and gene set enrichment analysis were used to analyze differentially expressed genes related to SNAI proteins in breast cancer. We used TIMER to analyze the effects of SNAI transcript levels, mutations, methylation levels, and gene copy number in the infiltration of immune cell. Further, we found the relationships between immune cell infiltration, SNAI expression levels, and patient outcomes. To explore how SNAI proteins affect immune cell, we further studied the correlations between immunomodulator expression, chemokine expression, and SNAI expression. The results showed that SNAI protein levels were correlated with the expression of several immunomodulators and chemokines. Through analysis of PharmacoDB data, we identified antitumor drugs related to SNAI family members and analyzed their IC50 effects on various breast cancer cell lines. In summary, our study revealed that SNAI family members regulate different immune cells infiltrations by gene copy number, mutation, methylation, and expression level. SNAI3 and SNIA1/2 have opposite regulatory effects. They all play a key role in tumor development and immune cell infiltration, and can provide a potential target for drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Tu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Fang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kewang Sun
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
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Allegra A, Casciaro M, Barone P, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Epigenetic Crosstalk between Malignant Plasma Cells and the Tumour Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112597. [PMID: 35681577 PMCID: PMC9179362 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In multiple myeloma, cells of the bone marrow microenvironment have a relevant responsibility in promoting the growth, survival, and drug resistance of multiple myeloma plasma cells. In addition to the well-recognized role of genetic lesions, microenvironmental cells also present deregulated epigenetic systems. However, the effect of epigenetic changes in reshaping the tumour microenvironment is still not well identified. An assortment of epigenetic regulators, comprising histone methyltransferases, histone acetyltransferases, and lysine demethylases, are altered in bone marrow microenvironmental cells in multiple myeloma subjects participating in disease progression and prognosis. Aberrant epigenetics affect numerous processes correlated with the tumour microenvironment, such as angiogenesis, bone homeostasis, and extracellular matrix remodelling. This review focuses on the interplay between epigenetic alterations of the tumour milieu and neoplastic cells, trying to decipher the crosstalk between these cells. We also evaluate the possibility of intervening specifically in modified signalling or counterbalancing epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (P.B.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Paola Barone
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (P.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (P.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
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12
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Rodrigues-Junior DM, Tsirigoti C, Lim SK, Heldin CH, Moustakas A. Extracellular Vesicles and Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:849938. [PMID: 35493080 PMCID: PMC9043557 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.849938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexity in mechanisms that drive cancer development and progression is exemplified by the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, which suppresses early-stage hyperplasia, yet assists aggressive tumors to achieve metastasis. Of note, several molecules, including mRNAs, non-coding RNAs, and proteins known to be associated with the TGF-β pathway have been reported as constituents in the cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are secreted vesicles delimited by a lipid bilayer and play critical functions in intercellular communication, including regulation of the tumor microenvironment and cancer development. Thus, this review aims at summarizing the impact of EVs on TGF-β signaling by focusing on mechanisms by which EV cargo can influence tumorigenesis, metastatic spread, immune evasion and response to anti-cancer treatment. Moreover, we emphasize the potential of TGF-β-related molecules present in circulating EVs as useful biomarkers of prognosis, diagnosis, and prediction of response to treatment in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chrysoula Tsirigoti
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (A*-STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Aristidis Moustakas,
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13
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Ardalan Khales S, Abbaszadegan MR, Hosseini SE, Forghanifard MM. Contribution of TWIST1-EVX1 Axis in Invasiveness of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; a Functional Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 20:e2733. [PMID: 36337061 PMCID: PMC9583822 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2022.224786.2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process in embryonic development and cancer progression, and different gene families, such as HOX genes, are closely related to this process. OBJECTIVES Our aim in this study was to investigate the correlation between TWIST1 and EVX1 mRNA expression in ESCC patients and also examine the probable regulatory function of TWIST1 on EVX1 expression in human ESCC cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS TWIST1 and EVX1 gene expression patterns were assessed in ESCC patients by relative comparative Real-time PCR then correlated with their clinical characteristics. In silico analysis of the EVX1 gene was conducted. KYSE-30 cells were transduced by a retroviral system to ectopically express TWIST1, followed by qRT-PCR to reveal the correlation between TWIST1 and EVX1 gene expression. RESULTS The expression of TWIST1 and EVX1 was correlated to each other significantly (p=0.005) in ESCC. Of 28 patients with under/normal expression of TWIST1, 22 samples (78.57%) had over/normal expression of EVX1. TWIST1 overexpression was correlated with advanced stages of the tumor (III, IV) (P = 0.019) and lymph node metastasis. However, EVX1 under expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.027) and invasiveness of the disease (P = 0.037) in ESCC. Furthermore, retroviral transduction enforced significant overexpression of TWIST1 in GFP-hTWIST-1 approximately 9-fold compared to GFP control cells, causing a - 8.83- fold reduction in EVX1 mRNA expression significantly. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated the repressive role of TWIST1 on EVX1 gene expression in ESCC. Therefore, our findings can help dissect the molecular mechanism of ESCC tumorigenesis and discover novel therapeutic targets for ESCC invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Zand Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz, Iran
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14
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Tsubakihara Y, Ohata Y, Okita Y, Younis S, Eriksson J, Sellin ME, Ren J, Ten Dijke P, Miyazono K, Hikita A, Imamura T, Kato M, Heldin CH, Moustakas A. TGFβ selects for pro-stemness over pro-invasive phenotypes during cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:2330-2354. [PMID: 35348275 PMCID: PMC9208077 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which correlates with stemness and invasiveness. Mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) is induced by TGFβ withdrawal and correlates with metastatic colonization. Whether TGFβ promotes stemness and invasiveness simultaneously via EMT remains unclear. We established a breast cancer cell model expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) under the E-cadherin promoter. In 2D cultures, TGFβ induced EMT, generating RFPlow cells with a mesenchymal transcriptome, and regained RFP, with an epithelial transcriptome, after MET induced by TGFβ withdrawal. RFPlow cells generated robust mammospheres, with epithelio-mesenchymal cell surface features. Mammospheres that were forced to adhere generated migratory cells, devoid of RFP, a phenotype which was inhibited by a TGFβ receptor kinase inhibitor. Further stimulation of RFPlow mammospheres with TGFβ suppressed the generation of motile cells, but enhanced mammosphere growth. Accordingly, mammary fat-pad-transplanted mammospheres, in the absence of exogenous TGFβ treatment, established lung metastases with evident MET (RFPhigh cells). In contrast, TGFβ-treated mammospheres revealed high tumor-initiating capacity, but limited metastatic potential. Thus, the biological context of partial EMT and MET allows TGFβ to differentiate between pro-stemness and pro-invasive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Tsubakihara
- Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden.,Dept. of Experimental Pathology and Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yae Ohata
- Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yukari Okita
- Dept. of Experimental Pathology and Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shady Younis
- Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jens Eriksson
- Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael E Sellin
- Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jiang Ren
- Dept. of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Dept. of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Dept. of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hikita
- Div. of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Dept. of Experimental Pathology and Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Capeloa T, Krzystyniak J, d’Hose D, Canas Rodriguez A, Payen VL, Zampieri LX, Van de Velde JA, Benyahia Z, Pranzini E, Vazeille T, Fransolet M, Bouzin C, Brusa D, Michiels C, Gallez B, Murphy MP, Porporato PE, Sonveaux P. MitoQ Inhibits Human Breast Cancer Cell Migration, Invasion and Clonogenicity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061516. [PMID: 35326667 PMCID: PMC8946220 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To successfully generate distant metastases, metastatic progenitor cells must simultaneously possess mesenchymal characteristics, resist to anoïkis, migrate and invade directionally, resist to redox and shear stresses in the systemic circulation, and possess stem cell characteristics. These cells primarily originate from metabolically hostile areas of the primary tumor, where oxygen and nutrient deprivation, together with metabolic waste accumulation, exert a strong selection pressure promoting evasion. Here, we followed the hypothesis according to which metastasis as a whole implies the existence of metabolic sensors. Among others, mitochondria are singled out as a major source of superoxide that supports the metastatic phenotype. Molecularly, stressed cancer cells increase mitochondrial superoxide production, which activates the transforming growth factor-β pathway through src directly within mitochondria, ultimately activating focal adhesion kinase Pyk2. The existence of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants constitutes an opportunity to interfere with the metastatic process. Here, using aggressive triple-negative and HER2-positive human breast cancer cell lines as models, we report that MitoQ inhibits all the metastatic traits that we tested in vitro. Compared to other mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, MitoQ already successfully passed Phase I safety clinical trials, which provides an important incentive for future preclinical and clinical evaluations of this drug for the prevention of breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Capeloa
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (T.C.); (J.K.); (A.C.R.); (V.L.P.); (L.X.Z.); (J.A.V.d.V.); (Z.B.); (E.P.); (T.V.); (P.E.P.)
| | - Joanna Krzystyniak
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (T.C.); (J.K.); (A.C.R.); (V.L.P.); (L.X.Z.); (J.A.V.d.V.); (Z.B.); (E.P.); (T.V.); (P.E.P.)
| | - Donatienne d’Hose
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Unit, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (D.d.); (B.G.)
| | - Amanda Canas Rodriguez
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (T.C.); (J.K.); (A.C.R.); (V.L.P.); (L.X.Z.); (J.A.V.d.V.); (Z.B.); (E.P.); (T.V.); (P.E.P.)
| | - Valery L. Payen
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (T.C.); (J.K.); (A.C.R.); (V.L.P.); (L.X.Z.); (J.A.V.d.V.); (Z.B.); (E.P.); (T.V.); (P.E.P.)
| | - Luca X. Zampieri
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (T.C.); (J.K.); (A.C.R.); (V.L.P.); (L.X.Z.); (J.A.V.d.V.); (Z.B.); (E.P.); (T.V.); (P.E.P.)
| | - Justine A. Van de Velde
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (T.C.); (J.K.); (A.C.R.); (V.L.P.); (L.X.Z.); (J.A.V.d.V.); (Z.B.); (E.P.); (T.V.); (P.E.P.)
| | - Zohra Benyahia
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (T.C.); (J.K.); (A.C.R.); (V.L.P.); (L.X.Z.); (J.A.V.d.V.); (Z.B.); (E.P.); (T.V.); (P.E.P.)
| | - Erica Pranzini
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (T.C.); (J.K.); (A.C.R.); (V.L.P.); (L.X.Z.); (J.A.V.d.V.); (Z.B.); (E.P.); (T.V.); (P.E.P.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Via le Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Thibaut Vazeille
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (T.C.); (J.K.); (A.C.R.); (V.L.P.); (L.X.Z.); (J.A.V.d.V.); (Z.B.); (E.P.); (T.V.); (P.E.P.)
| | - Maude Fransolet
- Faculty of Sciences, Bology, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Cellulaire, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (M.F.); (C.M.)
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- IREC Imaging Platform (2IP), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Davide Brusa
- IREC Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Platform, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Carine Michiels
- Faculty of Sciences, Bology, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Cellulaire, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (M.F.); (C.M.)
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Unit, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (D.d.); (B.G.)
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK;
| | - Paolo E. Porporato
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (T.C.); (J.K.); (A.C.R.); (V.L.P.); (L.X.Z.); (J.A.V.d.V.); (Z.B.); (E.P.); (T.V.); (P.E.P.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (T.C.); (J.K.); (A.C.R.); (V.L.P.); (L.X.Z.); (J.A.V.d.V.); (Z.B.); (E.P.); (T.V.); (P.E.P.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Synthesis and evaluation of novel HER-2 inhibitors to exert anti-breast cancer ability through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Wang T, Chen P, Dong R, Weir S, Baltezor M, Schoenen FJ, Chen Q. Novel Compound C150 Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Cell Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Tumor Growth in Mice. Front Oncol 2022; 11:773350. [PMID: 34976816 PMCID: PMC8714879 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.773350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important contributor to cell invasion and tumor progression. Therefore, targeting EMT may be beneficial for pancreatic cancer treatment. The aim of the present study was to report on the inhibitory effect of the novel compound C150 on the EMT of pancreatic cancer cells. C150 inhibited cell proliferation in multiple pancreatic cancer cells with IC50 values of 1-2.5 μM, while in an non-cancerous pancreatic epithelial cell line hTERT-HPNE the IC50 value was >12.5 μM. C150 significantly inhibited pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion, as demonstrated by 3-dimensional cell invasion, wound healing and Boyden chamber Transwell migration-invasion assays. Moreover, C150 treatment decreased MMP-2 gene expression in PANC-1 cells and reduced MMP-2 activity in gelatin zymography assay. In an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer, C150 significantly reduced tumor growth at the dose of 15 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection three times per week. Furthermore, C150 enhanced protein degradation of Snail, an important EMT-promoting transcription factor, and decreased the expression of the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin, while it increased the expression of the epithelial markers zonula occludens-1 and claudin-1. The findings of the present study suggested that C150 is a novel EMT inhibitor that may be promising for inhibiting pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Ruochen Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Scott Weir
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Michael Baltezor
- Biotechnology Innovation and Optimization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Frank J Schoenen
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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18
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Zhang X, Tanwar VS, Jose CC, Lee HW, Cuddapah S. Transcriptional repression of E-cadherin in nickel-exposed lung epithelial cells mediated by loss of Sp1 binding at the promoter. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:99-110. [PMID: 34727382 PMCID: PMC8665052 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin plays a central role in the stability of epithelial tissues by facilitating cell-cell adhesion. Loss of E-cadherin expression is a hallmark of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a major event in the pathogenesis of several lung diseases. Our earlier studies showed that nickel, a ubiquitous environmental toxicant, induced EMT by persistently downregulating E-cadherin expression in human lung epithelial cells and that the EMT remained irreversible postexposure. However, the molecular basis of persistent E-cadherin downregulation by nickel exposure is not understood. Here, our studies show that the binding of transcription factor Sp1 to the promoter of E-cadherin encoding gene, CDH1, is essential for its expression. Nickel exposure caused a loss of Sp1 binding at the CDH1 promoter, resulting in its downregulation and EMT induction. Loss of Sp1 binding at the CDH1 promoter was associated with an increase in the binding of ZEB1 adjacent to the Sp1 binding site. ZEB1, an EMT master regulator persistently upregulated by nickel exposure, is a negative regulator of CDH1. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of ZEB1 restored Sp1 binding at the CDH1 promoter. Furthermore, ZEB1 knockout rescued E-cadherin expression and re-established the epithelial phenotype. Since EMT is associated with a number of nickel-exposure-associated chronic inflammatory lung diseases including asthma, fibrosis and cancer and metastasis, our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms associated with nickel pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Vinay Singh Tanwar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Cynthia C Jose
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Suresh Cuddapah
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
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19
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Berberine Suppresses EMT in Liver and Gastric Carcinoma Cells through Combination with TGF βR Regulating TGF- β/Smad Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2337818. [PMID: 34712379 PMCID: PMC8548148 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2337818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Berberine (BBR), a natural alkaloid derived from Coptis, has anticancer activity. Some researchers have found that it could restrain epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of melanoma, neuroblastoma, and other tumor cells. However, it is unclear whether BBR can reverse EMT in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and gastric carcinoma (GC). In our study, BBR inhibited the migration and invasion of HepG2, MGC803, and SGC7901 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Transcription sequencing assays showed that Vimentin, MMP, and Smad3 were downregulated, but Smad2, Smad6, TAB2, ZO-1, and claudin 7 were upregulated when treated with BBR. GO Enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway showed that BBR significantly inhibited TGF-β/Smad at 12 h, then, PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways at 24 h, which were closely related to the proliferation, migration, and EMT. The results of the transcriptome sequencing analysis were verified by Western Blot. It showed that the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin and ZO-1 remarkably augmented with BBR treatment, as well as declined mesenchymal markers, including N-cadherin and Vimentin, decreased transcription factor Snail and Slug. The effects of BBR were similar to those of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and TGF-β receptor inhibitor SB431542. Furthermore, β-catenin and phosphorylation of AKT, Smad2, and Smad3 were changed dose-dependently by BBR treatment, which upregulated p-Smad2 and downregulated the others. Combined with LY or SB, respectively, BBR could enhance the effects of the two inhibitors. Simultaneously, IGF-1 and TGF-β, which is the activator of PI3K/AKT and TGF-β/Smad, respectively, could reverse the anti-EMT effect of BBR. The Molecular Docking results showed BBR had a high affinity with the TGF-β receptor I (TGFβR1), and the binding energy was -7.5 kcal/mol, which is better than the original ligand of TGFβR1. Although the affinity of BBR with TGF-β receptor II (TGFβR2) was lower than the original ligand of TGFβR2, the more considerable negative binding energy (-8.54 kcal/mol) was obtained. BBR upregulated p-Smad2, which was different from other reports, indicating that the function of Smad2 was relatively complex. Combination BBR with SB could enhance the effect of the inhibitor on EMT, and the results indicated that BBR binding to TGFβR was not competitive with SB to TGFβR since different binding amino acid sites. Our experiments demonstrated BBR increased p-Smad2 and decreased p-Smad3 by binding to TGFβR1 and TGβFR2 inhibiting TGF-β/Smad, then, PI3K/AKT and other signaling pathways to restrain EMT, metastasis, and invasion in tumor cells. The effect of BBR was similar on the three tumor cells.
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Ashrafizadeh M, Mirzaei S, Hashemi F, Zarrabi A, Zabolian A, Saleki H, Sharifzadeh SO, Soleymani L, Daneshi S, Hushmandi K, Khan H, Kumar AP, Aref AR, Samarghandian S. New insight towards development of paclitaxel and docetaxel resistance in cancer cells: EMT as a novel molecular mechanism and therapeutic possibilities. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111824. [PMID: 34175815 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanism is responsible for metastasis and migration of cancer cells to neighboring cells and tissues. Morphologically, epithelial cells are transformed to mesenchymal cells, and at molecular level, E-cadherin undergoes down-regulation, while an increase occurs in N-cadherin and vimentin levels. Increasing evidence demonstrates role of EMT in mediating drug resistance of cancer cells. On the other hand, paclitaxel (PTX) and docetaxel (DTX) are two chemotherapeutic agents belonging to taxene family, capable of inducing cell cycle arrest in cancer cells via preventing microtubule depolymerization. Aggressive behavior of cancer cells resulted from EMT-mediated metastasis can lead to PTX and DTX resistance. Upstream mediators of EMT such as ZEB1/2, TGF-β, microRNAs, and so on are involved in regulating response of cancer cells to PTX and DTX. Tumor-suppressing factors inhibit EMT to promote PTX and DTX sensitivity of cancer cells. Furthermore, three different strategies including using anti-tumor compounds, gene therapy and delivery systems have been developed for suppressing EMT, and enhancing cytotoxicity of PTX and DTX against cancer cells that are mechanistically discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Saleki
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Omid Sharifzadeh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Salman Daneshi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Vice President at Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc. 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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21
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Downregulation of Snail by DUSP1 Impairs Cell Migration and Invasion through the Inactivation of JNK and ERK and Is Useful as a Predictive Factor in the Prognosis of Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051158. [PMID: 33800291 PMCID: PMC7962644 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) is crucial in prostate cancer (PC), since its expression is downregulated in advanced carcinomas. Here, we investigated DUSP1 effects on the expression of mesenchymal marker Snail, cell migration and invasion, analyzing the underlying mechanisms mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) inhibition. To this purpose, we used different PC cells overexpressing or lacking DUSP1 or incubated with MAPKs inhibitors. Moreover, we addressed the correlation of DUSP1 expression with Snail and activated MAPKs levels in samples from patients diagnosed with benign hyperplasia or prostate carcinoma, studying its implication in tumor prognosis and survival. We found that DUSP1 downregulates Snail expression and impairs migration and invasion in PC cells. Similar results were obtained following the inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In clinical samples, we evidenced an inverse correlation between DUSP1 expression and Snail levels, which are further associated with JNK and ERK activation. Consequently, the pattern DUSP1high/activated JNKlow/activated ERKlow/Snaillow is associated with an overall extended survival of PC patients. In summary, the ratio between DUSP1 and Snail expression, with additional JNK and ERK activity measurement, may serve as a potential biomarker to predict the clinical outcome of PC patients. Furthermore, DUSP1 induction or inhibition of JNK and ERK pathways could be useful to treat PC.
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Gao B, Chen J, Han B, Zhang X, Hao J, Giuliano AE, Cui Y, Cui X. Identification of triptonide as a therapeutic agent for triple negative breast cancer treatment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2408. [PMID: 33510281 PMCID: PMC7843598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with a high rate of early recurrence and distant metastasis, frequent development of therapeutic resistance, and a poor prognosis. There is a lack of targeted therapies for this aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Identifying novel effective treatment modalities for TNBC remains an urgent and unmet clinical need. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of triptonide, a natural compound derived from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, in TNBC. We found that triptonide inhibits human TNBC cell growth in vitro and growth of TNBC xenograft mammary tumors. It induces apoptosis and suppresses stem-like properties as indicated by reduced mammosphere formation and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in TNBC cells. We show that triptonide downregulates multiple cancer stem cell-associated genes but upregulates SNAI1 gene expression. In support of SNAI1 induction as a negative feedback response to triptonide treatment, in vitro-derived triptonide-resistant HCC1806 cells display a markedly higher expression of SNAI1 compared with parental cells. Mechanistically, the increase of SNAI1 expression is mediated by the activation of JNK signaling, but not by ERK and AKT, two well-established SNAI1 regulators. Furthermore, knockdown of SNAI1 in the triptonide-resistant HCC1806 cells increases sensitivity to triptonide and reduces mammosphere formation. These results indicate that triptonide holds promise as a novel anti-tumor agent for TNBC treatment. Our study also reveals a SNAI1-associated feedback mechanism which may lead to acquired resistance to triptonide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Gao
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building 2065, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jiongyu Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Bingchen Han
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building 2065, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Xinfeng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building 2065, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jijun Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Armando E Giuliano
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building 2065, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Yukun Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Davis Building 2065, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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23
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Addison JB, Voronkova MA, Fugett JH, Lin CC, Linville NC, Trinh B, Livengood RH, Smolkin MB, Schaller MD, Ruppert JM, Pugacheva EN, Creighton CJ, Ivanov AV. Functional Hierarchy and Cooperation of EMT Master Transcription Factors in Breast Cancer Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:784-798. [PMID: 33500360 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several master transcription factors (TF) can activate the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, their individual and combinatorial contributions to EMT in breast cancer are not defined. We show that overexpression of EMT-TFs individually in epithelial cells upregulated endogenous SNAI2, ZEB1/2, TCF4, and TWIST1/2 as a result of positive feedback mediated in part by suppression of their negative regulator miRNAs miR200s/203/205. We identified TCF4 as a potential new target of miR200s. Expression of ZEB1/2 strongly correlated with the mesenchymal phenotype in breast cancer cells, with the CD24-/CD44+ stemness profile, and with lower expression of core epithelial genes in human breast tumors. Knockdown of EMT-TFs identified the key role of ZEB1 and its functional cooperation with other EMT-TFs in the maintenance of the mesenchymal state. Inducible ZEB1+2 knockdown in xenograft models inhibited pulmonary metastasis, emphasizing their critical role in dissemination from primary site and in extravasation. However, ZEB1+2 depletion one-week after intravenous injection did not inhibit lung colonization, suggesting that ZEB1/2 and EMT are not essential for macrometastatic outgrowth. These results provide strong evidence that EMT is orchestrated by coordinated expression of several EMT-TFs and establish ZEB1 as a key master regulator of EMT and metastasis in breast cancer. IMPLICATIONS: The EMT program is orchestrated by coordinated expression of multiple EMT transcription factors, whereas ZEB1 integrates the EMT master regulatory network and plays the major role in promoting EMT and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Addison
- WVU Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Maria A Voronkova
- WVU Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - James H Fugett
- WVU Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Chen-Chung Lin
- WVU Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Nathaniel C Linville
- WVU Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Brandon Trinh
- WVU Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ryan H Livengood
- Department of Pathology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Matthew B Smolkin
- Department of Pathology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Michael D Schaller
- WVU Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - J Michael Ruppert
- WVU Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Elena N Pugacheva
- WVU Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexey V Ivanov
- WVU Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
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Downregulation of E-cadherin in pluripotent stem cells triggers partial EMT. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2048. [PMID: 33479502 PMCID: PMC7820496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81735-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical cellular process that has been well characterized during embryonic development and cancer metastasis and it also is implicated in several physiological and pathological events including embryonic stem cell differentiation. During early stages of differentiation, human embryonic stem cells pass through EMT where deeper morphological, molecular and biochemical changes occur. Though initially considered as a decision between two states, EMT process is now regarded as a fluid transition where cells exist on a spectrum of intermediate states. In this work, using a CRISPR interference system in human embryonic stem cells, we describe a molecular characterization of the effects of downregulation of E-cadherin, one of the main initiation events of EMT, as a unique start signal. Our results suggest that the decrease and delocalization of E-cadherin causes an incomplete EMT where cells retain their undifferentiated state while expressing several characteristics of a mesenchymal-like phenotype. Namely, we found that E-cadherin downregulation induces SNAI1 and SNAI2 upregulation, promotes MALAT1 and LINC-ROR downregulation, modulates the expression of tight junction occludin 1 and gap junction connexin 43, increases human embryonic stem cells migratory capacity and delocalize β-catenin. Altogether, we believe our results provide a useful tool to model the molecular events of an unstable intermediate state and further identify multiple layers of molecular changes that occur during partial EMT.
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25
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Expression of Selected Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Transcription Factors in Endometrial Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:4584250. [PMID: 33457409 PMCID: PMC7785369 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4584250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of SNAIL, SLUG, TWIST1, TWIST2, ZEB1, and ZEB 2 in primary tumor and the correlation with morphological and clinical characteristics of EC. The study included 158 patients with EC after surgical treatments: total hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy. The percentages of EC specimens testing positively for the EMT transcription factors were 84.5% for SNAIL, 92.2% for SLUG, 10.9% for TWIST1, 100% for TWIST2, 89% for ZEB1, and 98% for ZEB2. The expression of SLUG in patients with FIGO stage III or IV, type II EC, myometrial invasion ≥ 50% of the uterine wall thickness, and adnexal involvement and in patients with distant metastases was significantly higher. SLUG and ZEB2 expressions were identified as significant predictors of higher FIGO stages (III or IV) on univariate analysis. The overexpression of SLUG was a significant predictor of more aggressive type II EC, myometrial invasion ≥ 50% of the uterine wall thickness, and distant metastases on both univariate and multivariate analysis. Moreover, the overexpression of SLUG and ZEB2 was shown to be significant predictors of adnexal involvement on univariate analysis. ZEB 2 overexpression was identified in multivariate analysis as another independent predictor associated with a lesser likelihood of type II EC. Both univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that SLUG expression was the only predictor of 5-year survival in the study group. The overexpression of SLUG was associated with a significant increase in mortality hazard on univariate analysis and was shown to be a highly significant predictor of death on multivariate analysis. Conclusions. Selected proteins of the EMT pathway play a role in endometrial carcinogenesis; SLUG and ZEB2 expressions in the primary tumor might predict clinical outcomes in EC and drive therapeutic decisions regarding adjuvant treatment in patients with this malignancy.
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26
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Elzakra N, Kim Y. HIF-1α Metabolic Pathways in Human Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1280:243-260. [PMID: 33791987 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51652-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen is directly involved in many key pathophysiological processes. Oxygen deficiency, also known as hypoxia, could have adverse effects on mammalian cells, with ischemia in vital tissues being the most significant (Michiels C. Physiological and pathological responses to hypoxia. Am J Pathol 164(6): 1875-1882, 2004); therefore, timely adaptive responses to variations in oxygen availability are essential for cellular homeostasis and survival. The most critical molecular event in hypoxic response is the activation and stabilization of a transcriptional factor termed hypoxia-induced factor-1 (HIF-1) that is responsible for the upregulation of many downstream effector genes, collectively known as hypoxia-responsive genes. Multiple key biological pathways such as proliferation, energy metabolism, invasion, and metastasis are governed by these genes; thus, HIF-1-mediated pathways are equally pivotal in both physiology and pathology.As we gain knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of HIF-1, a great focus has been placed on elucidating the cellular function of HIF-1, particularly the role of HIF-1 in cancer pathogenesis pathways such as proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In cancer, HIF-1 is directly involved in the shift of cancer tissues from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. Although targeting HIF-1 as a cancer therapy seems like an extremely rational approach, owing to the complex network of its downstream effector genes, the development of specific HIF-1 inhibitors with fewer side effects and more specificity has not been achieved. Therefore, in this review, we provide a brief background about the function of HIF proteins in hypoxia response with a special emphasis on the unique role played by HIF-1α in cancer growth and invasiveness, in the hypoxia response context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseim Elzakra
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Yong Kim
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Cancer Epigenetics, Center for Oral Oncology Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Broad Stem Cell Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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27
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Höving AL, Sielemann K, Greiner JFW, Kaltschmidt B, Knabbe C, Kaltschmidt C. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals High Similarities between Adult Human Cardiac Stem Cells and Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cells. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120435. [PMID: 33271866 PMCID: PMC7761507 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For the identification of a stem cell population, the comparison of transcriptome data enables the simultaneous analysis of tens of thousands of molecular markers and thus enables the precise distinction of even closely related populations. Here, we utilized global gene expression profiling to compare two adult human stem cell populations, namely neural crest-derived inferior turbinate stem cells (ITSCs) of the nasal cavity and human cardiac stem cells (hCSCs) from the heart auricle. We detected high similarities between the transcriptomes of both stem cell populations, particularly including a range of neural crest-associated genes. However, global gene expression likewise reflected differences between the stem cell populations with regard to their niches of origin. In a broader analysis, we further identified clear similarities between ITSCs, hCSCs and other adherent stem cell populations compared to non-adherent hematopoietic progenitor cells. In summary, our observations reveal high similarities between adult human cardiac stem cells and neural crest-derived stem cells from the nasal cavity, which include a shared relation to the neural crest. The analyses provided here may help to understand underlying molecular regulators determining differences between adult human stem cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Höving
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.)
- Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
- Correspondence: (A.L.H.); (C.K.)
| | - Katharina Sielemann
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Graduate School DILS, Bielefeld Institute for Bioinformatics Infrastructure (BIBI), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes F. W. Greiner
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.)
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.)
- AG Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.F.W.G.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.H.); (C.K.)
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28
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Choi S, Kim KJ, Cheon S, Kim EM, Kim YA, Park C, Kim KK. Biochemical activity of magnesium ions on human osteoblast migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 531:588-594. [PMID: 32814632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium is well known as a biodegradable biomaterial that has been reported to promote bone remodeling in several studies; however, the underlying biological mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, the role of magnesium ions in the migration of U-2 OS cells, which are osteoblast-like cell lines, was investigated. Magnesium treatment did not significantly alter the global transcriptome of U-2 OS cells, but increased the protein expression level of SNAI2, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker. In addition, it was confirmed that the junctional site localization of Zona-occludens 1 (ZO-1), a representative tight junction protein, was destroyed by magnesium treatment; furthermore, it was determined that cytoplasmic localization increased, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity increased. The obtained results on the mechanism by which magnesium is involved in osteoblast migration, which is important for fracture healing, will contribute to the understanding of the bone-formation process in patients with osteoporosis and musculoskeletal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jung Kim
- Department of Smart Car Engineering, Doowon Technical University, Paju, Gyeonggi-do, 10838, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Cheon
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, GwangJu, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-An Kim
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungoo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, GwangJu, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Jiang X, Ye Z, Jiang Y, Yu W, Fang Q. LncRNA OIP5-AS1 upregulates snail expression by sponging miR-34a to promote ovarian carcinoma cell invasion and migration. Biol Res 2020; 53:49. [PMID: 33092644 PMCID: PMC7579860 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although OIP5-AS1 has been characterized as an oncogenic lncRNA in many types of cancer, its role and underlying mechanism in ovarian carcinoma (OC) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of OIP5-AS1 in OC. Methods OC tissues and non-tumor tissues (ovary tissues within 3 cm around tumors) were collected from 58 OC patients (age range 36 to 67 years old, mean age 51.4 ± 5.9 years old). The expression of OIP5-AS1 and snail in paired tissues were determined by RT-qPCR. The interaction between OIP5-AS1 and miR-34a was predicted by IntaRNA2.0 and confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. The effects of overexpression of OIP5-AS1 and miR-34a on the expression of snail were analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Cell invasion and migration were analyzed by Transwell assay. Results We observed that the expression of OIP5-AS1 and snail was upregulated and positively correlated with each other in OC. RNA–RNA interaction analysis showed that OIP5-AS1 might sponge miR-34a. In OC cells, overexpression of OIP5-AS1 resulted in the upregulated expression of snail, while overexpression of miR-34a downregulated the expression of snail. In addition, overexpression of miR-34a reduced the effects of overexpression of OIP5-AS1 on the expression of snail. In cell invasion and migration assay, overexpression of OIP5-AS1 and snail resulted in increased OC cell invasion and migration, while overexpression of miR-34a decreased OC cell invasion and migration. Moreover, overexpression of miR-34a attenuated the effects of OIP5-AS1 overexpression on OC cell invasion and migration. Conclusions Therefore, OIP5-AS1 may upregulate snail expression in OC by sponging miR-34a to promote OC cell invasion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Jiang
- Department of Gynaecology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 41 Northeast Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongxue Ye
- Department of Gynaecology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 41 Northeast Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafen Jiang
- Department of Gynaecology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 41 Northeast Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Gynaecology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 41 Northeast Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Fang
- Department of Gynaecology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 41 Northeast Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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30
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Han S, Zhang T, Kusumanchi P, Huda N, Jiang Y, Liangpunsakul S, Yang Z. Role of microRNA-7 in liver diseases: a comprehensive review of the mechanisms and therapeutic applications. J Investig Med 2020; 68:1208-1216. [PMID: 32843369 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-7 (miR-7) is a small non-coding RNA, which plays critical roles in regulating gene expression of multiple key cellular processes. MiR-7 exhibits a tissue-specific pattern of expression, with abundant levels found in the brain, spleen, and pancreas. Although it is expressed at lower levels in other tissues, including the liver, miR-7 is involved in both the development of organs and biological functions of cells. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms by which miR-7 controls cell growth, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, metabolism, and inflammation. We also summarize the specific roles of miR-7 in liver diseases. MiR-7 is considered as a tumor suppressor miRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma and is involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and hepatitis. Future studies to further define miR-7 functions and its mechanism in association with other types of liver diseases should be explored. An improved understanding from these studies will provide us a useful perspective leading to mechanism-based intervention by targeting miR-7 for the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Han
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Praveen Kusumanchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nazmul Huda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Yanchao Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA .,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Peritoneal Metastatic Cancer Stem Cells of Gastric Cancer with Partial Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition and Enhanced Invasiveness in an Intraperitoneal Transplantation Model. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:3256538. [PMID: 32831823 PMCID: PMC7426763 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3256538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This preliminary study is aimed at enriching and isolating peritoneal metastatic cancer stem cells (pMCSCs) of gastric cancer and assessing their epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and invasiveness. Methods Cancer stem cells of human gastric cancer (CSC-hGC) were previously isolated and transfected with green fluorescent protein and luciferase genes to validate the mouse model of peritoneal metastasis established via transplantation. The first and second generations ([G1] and [G2], respectively) of pMCSCs were isolated from intraperitoneally transplanted CSC-hGC (pMCSC-tGC) by spherical culture. CSC and EMT-related markers and regulators in the two generations of intraperitoneally transplanted tumors were examined by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and quantitative PCR. Cell mobility was examined by a transwell assay. Results The nude mouse model of intraperitoneally transplanted CSC-hGC was successful in establishing sequential formation of peritoneal tumors and enrichment of pMCSCs. CD44 and CD54 were consistently expressed in the two generations of transplanted tumors. In vitro cell (migration) assays and immunocytofluorescence assays showed that in pMCSC-tGC[G2], E-cad, Survivin, and Vimentin expression was stable; α-SMA expression was decreased; and OVOL2, GRHL2, and ZEB1 expression was increased. PCR analysis indicated that in pMCSC-tGC[G2], the mRNA expression of E-cad, α-SMA, MMP9, MMP2, and Vimentin was downregulated, while that of ZEB1, OVOL2, and GRHL2 was upregulated. In vivo tumor (homing) assays and immunohistochemical assays demonstrated that in pMCSC-tGC[G2], E-cad and Snail were upregulated, while α-SMA was downregulated. The numbers of migrated and invaded pMCSC-tGC[G1] and pMCSC-tGC[G2] were significantly higher than those of CSC-hGC in migration and invasion assays. Conclusions pMCSCs might be a specific subpopulation that can be sequentially enriched by intraperitoneal transplantation. pMCSCs exhibited a tendency towards partial mesenchymal-epithelial transition, enhancing their invasiveness during homing and the formation of peritoneal tumors. However, these preliminary findings require validation in further experiments.
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Li D, Li L, Yang W, Chen L, Chen X, Wang Q, Hao B, Jin W, Cao Y. Prognostic values of SNAI family members in breast cancer patients. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:922. [PMID: 32953722 PMCID: PMC7475426 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most lethal malignant tumors and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although early diagnostic techniques for BC have been well developed, 40% of cases are still diagnosed at the advanced stage, while for BC patients with distant metastases, the 5-year survival rate is usually lower than 30%. The Snail family, generally regarded as transcriptional repressors, has been indicated to be an essential prognostic factor in malignant tumors. However, limited data exist on public databases concerning the prognostic value of individual Snail family members in BC, especially SNAI3. Methods Data from public databases including cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics, Gene Expression Omnibus, UCSC Xena Browser, and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) were downloaded. Based on the Kaplan¬–Meier plotter platform, correlation of the three members of the Snail family and prognosis in BC were analyzed. Individual Snail family members and their co-expressed genes were respectively enriched on different pathways and biological processes via the functional enrichment analysis (FunRich) tool. Results High SNAI1 mRNA expression was associated with shorter distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in all BC patients regardless of PAM50 subtype. Conversely, high SNAI3 mRNA expression was associated with longer DMFS. Although the presence of SNAI2 expression was significantly associated with DMFS in the whole cohort, no significant correlation was found in patients with luminal A or HER2 subtype. For patients with the most diverse clinicopathological features, high SNAI1 expression was associated with poor survival, with the converse being true for SNAI3. However, the impact on prognosis of patients with different clinicopathological features produced by SNAI2 expression was inconclusive. Furthermore, we discovered that SNAI1 or SNAI2 and their co-expressed genes frequently enriched receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling and integrin-related pathways which mainly functioned on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and were further involved in several processes of signal transduction and cell communication. Furthermore, as SNAI3, along with its co-expressed genes, enriched immune-related pathways, it may thus play a role in mediating the immune system. Conclusions Our analysis revealed that SNAI1 mRNA expression may potentially be a negative prognostic factor, whereas SNAI3 mRNA was associated with positive prognosis in BC. Therefore, the assessment of SNAI1 and SNAI3 expression may be valuable for predicting prognosis in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangdong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Liu SS, Qi J, Teng ZD, Tian FT, Lv XX, Li K, Song YJ, Xie WD, Hu ZW, Li X. Resistomycin attenuates triple-negative breast cancer progression by inhibiting E3 ligase Pellino-1 and inducing SNAIL/SLUG degradation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:133. [PMID: 32728028 PMCID: PMC7391765 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China.,Molecular Immunology and Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Zu-Dong Teng
- Department of Pathology, Changle People's Hospital, Weifang, 262499, China
| | - Fu-Tao Tian
- Department of Pathology, Changle People's Hospital, Weifang, 262499, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Lv
- Molecular Immunology and Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ya-Jie Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Wei-Dong Xie
- Molecular Immunology and Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhuo-Wei Hu
- Molecular Immunology and Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China.
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ROS and oncogenesis with special reference to EMT and stemness. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151073. [PMID: 32201025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevation of the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) has immense implication in the biological system. On the one hand, ROS promote the signaling cascades for the maintenance of normal physiological functions, the phenomenon referred to as redox biology, and on the other hand increased ROS can cause damages to the cellular macromolecules as well as genetic material, the process known as oxidative stress. Oxidative stress acts as an etiological factor for wide varieties of pathologies, cancer being one of them. ROS is regarded as a "double-edged sword" with respect to oncogenesis. It can suppress as well as promote the malignant progression depending on the type of signaling pathway it uses. Moreover, the attribution of ROS in promoting phenotypic plasticity as well as acquisition of stemness during neoplasia has become a wide area of research. The current review discussed all the aspects of ROS in the perspective of tumor biology with special reference to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells.
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EMT Transcription Factors Are Involved in the Altered Cell Adhesion under Simulated Microgravity Effect or Overloading by Regulation of E-cadherin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041349. [PMID: 32079291 PMCID: PMC7072942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study the effect of stress changes on cell adhesion, HUVEC, and MCF-7 cells were treated with simulated microgravity effect (SMG) and overloading (OL). Methods: Rotating Wall Vessel (2D-RWVS) bioreactor was used to create different culture conditions. In addition, the alteration of cell adhesion states, adhesion proteins, and relating factors of adhesion molecules under these two conditions were detected using cell adhesion assay, immunofluorescence, western blot, and qRT-PCR technology. Results: The results showed that the adhesion of cells decreased under SMG, while increased under OL. The expressions of integrin β1, paxillin, and E-cadherin under SMG condition were down-regulated as compared to that of the control group showing a time-dependent pattern of the decreasing. However, under OL condition, the expressions of adhesion proteins were up-regulated as compared to that of the control group, with a time-dependent pattern of increasing. EMT transcription factors Snail, twist, and ZEB1 were up-regulated under SMG while down-regulated under OL. Conclusion: Collectively our results indicated that cells could respond to stress changes to regulate the expressions of adhesion proteins and adapt their adhesion state to the altered mechanical environment. The altered cell adhesion in response to the mechanical stress may involve the changed expression of EMT-inducing factors, Snail, Twist, and ZEB1under the SMG/OL conditions.
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Mortazavi H, Nikfar B, Esmaeili SA, Rafieenia F, Saburi E, Chaichian S, Heidari Gorji MA, Momtazi-Borojeni AA. Potential cytotoxic and anti-metastatic effects of berberine on gynaecological cancers with drug-associated resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111951. [PMID: 31821990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gynaecological disorders, such as cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers are the second most prevalent cancer types in women worldwide. Therapeutic approaches for gynaecological cancers involve chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. However, lifespan is not improved, and novel medications are required. Among various phytochemicals, berberine, a well-known natural product, has been shown to be a promising cancer chemopreventive agent. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of berberine have been investigated in the several experiments against numerous diseases. Here, we aimed to provide a literature review from available published investigations showing the anticancer effects of berberine and its various synthetic analogues against gynaecological disorders, including cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. In conclusion, berberine has been found to efficiently inhibit viability, proliferation, and migration of cancer cells, mainly, via induction of apoptosis by both mitochondrial dependent and -independent pathways. Additionally, structural modification of berberine showed that berberine analogues can improve its antitumor effects against gynaecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mortazavi
- Geriatric Care Research Center, Department of Geriatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Nikfar
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rafieenia
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shahla Chaichian
- Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Heidari Gorji
- Diabetes Research Center, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Nasibeh Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Zhou W, Gross KM, Kuperwasser C. Molecular regulation of Snai2 in development and disease. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/23/jcs235127. [PMID: 31792043 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.235127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Snai2, encoded by the SNAI2 gene, is an evolutionarily conserved C2H2 zinc finger protein that orchestrates biological processes critical to tissue development and tumorigenesis. Initially characterized as a prototypical epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factor, Snai2 has been shown more recently to participate in a wider variety of biological processes, including tumor metastasis, stem and/or progenitor cell biology, cellular differentiation, vascular remodeling and DNA damage repair. The main role of Snai2 in controlling such processes involves facilitating the epigenetic regulation of transcriptional programs, and, as such, its dysregulation manifests in developmental defects, disruption of tissue homeostasis, and other disease conditions. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating Snai2 expression, abundance and activity. In addition, we outline how these mechanisms contribute to disease phenotypes or how they may impact rational therapeutic targeting of Snai2 dysregulation in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhou
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Kayla M Gross
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Charlotte Kuperwasser
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA .,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Fazilaty H, Rago L, Kass Youssef K, Ocaña OH, Garcia-Asencio F, Arcas A, Galceran J, Nieto MA. A gene regulatory network to control EMT programs in development and disease. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5115. [PMID: 31712603 PMCID: PMC6848104 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) regulates cell plasticity during embryonic development and in disease. It is dynamically orchestrated by transcription factors (EMT-TFs), including Snail, Zeb, Twist and Prrx, all activated by TGF-β among other signals. Here we find that Snail1 and Prrx1, which respectively associate with gain or loss of stem-like properties and with bad or good prognosis in cancer patients, are expressed in complementary patterns during vertebrate development and in cancer. We show that this complementarity is established through a feedback loop in which Snail1 directly represses Prrx1, and Prrx1, through direct activation of the miR-15 family, attenuates the expression of Snail1. We also describe how this gene regulatory network can establish a hierarchical temporal expression of Snail1 and Prrx1 during EMT and validate its existence in vitro and in vivo, providing a mechanism to switch and select different EMT programs with important implications in development and disease. EMT is a developmental process that is aberrantly activated in metastasizing cancer cells, but how multiple transcription factors regulate EMT is unclear. Here, the authors uncover a gene regulatory network between Prrx1 and Snail1 that selects EMT mode in developing vertebrates and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Fazilaty
- Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH), Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d', Alacant, 03550, Spain.,Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Rago
- Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH), Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d', Alacant, 03550, Spain.,Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Khalil Kass Youssef
- Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH), Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d', Alacant, 03550, Spain
| | - Oscar H Ocaña
- Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH), Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d', Alacant, 03550, Spain
| | - Francisco Garcia-Asencio
- Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH), Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d', Alacant, 03550, Spain
| | - Aida Arcas
- Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH), Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d', Alacant, 03550, Spain.,Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Galceran
- Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH), Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d', Alacant, 03550, Spain
| | - M Angela Nieto
- Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH), Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d', Alacant, 03550, Spain.
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Esparza-López J, Alvarado-Muñoz JF, Escobar-Arriaga E, Ulloa-Aguirre A, de Jesús Ibarra-Sánchez M. Metformin reverses mesenchymal phenotype of primary breast cancer cells through STAT3/NF-κB pathways. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:728. [PMID: 31337349 PMCID: PMC6651945 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5945-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer currently is the most frequently diagnosed neoplasm and the leading cause of death from cancer in women worldwide, which is mainly due to metastatic disease. Increasing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to metastasis might thus improve the pharmacological management of the disease. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key factor that plays a major role in tumor metastasis. Some pro-inflammatory cytokines, like IL-6, have been shown to stimulate phenotypes consistent with EMT in transformed epithelial cells as well as in carcinoma cell lines. Since the EMT is one of the crucial steps for metastasis, we studied the effects of metformin (MTF) on EMT. METHODS Cytotoxic effect of MTF was evaluated in eight primary breast cancer cell cultures by crystal violet assay. EMT markers and downstream signaling molecules were measured by Western blot. The effect of MTF on cell proliferation and cell migration were analyzed by MTT and Boyden chamber assays respectively. RESULTS We observed that the response of cultured breast cancer primary cells to MTF varied; mesenchymal cells were resistant to 10 mM MTF and expressed Vimentin and SNAIL, which are associated with a mesenchymal phenotype, whereas epithelial cells were sensitive to this MTF dose, and expressed E-cadherin but not mesenchymal markers. Further, exposure of mesenchymal cells to MTF down-regulated both Vimentin and SNAIL as well as cell proliferation, but not cell migration. In an in vitro IL-6-induced EMT assay, primary breast cancer cells showing an epithelial phenotype underwent EMT upon exposure to IL-6, with concomitant activation of STAT3 and NF-κB; addition of MTF to IL-6-induced EMT reversed the expression of the mesenchymal markers Vimentin and SNAIL, decreased pSTAT3 Y705 and pNF-κB S536 and increased E-cadherin. In addition, downregulation of STAT3·activation was dependent on AMPK, but not NF-κB phosphorylation. Further, MTF inhibited cell proliferation and migration stimulated by IL-6. CONCLUSION These results suggest that MTF inhibits IL-6-induced EMT, cell proliferation, and migration of primary breast cancer cells by preventing the activation of STAT3 and NF-κB. STAT3 inactivation occurs through AMPK, but not NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Esparza-López
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, CP, Mexico.,Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Juan Francisco Alvarado-Muñoz
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Escobar-Arriaga
- Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal, Camino a Santa Teresa # 1055, Col. Héroes de Padierna, 10700, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, CP, Mexico.
| | - María de Jesús Ibarra-Sánchez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, CP, Mexico. .,Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán Vasco de Quiroga 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, CP, Mexico.
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Liu L, Yin QM, Yan X, Hu C, Wang W, Wang RK, Luo X, Zhang XW. Bioactivity-Guided Isolation of Cytotoxic Phenanthrenes from Spiranthes sinensis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7274-7280. [PMID: 31244200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided separation led to the isolation of six novel phenanthrenes, spiranthesphenanthrenes A-F (1-6), together with 19 known compounds, including seven phenanthrenes (7-13), one bibenzyl compound (14), five flavonoids (15-16 and 20-22), and six simple phenolic compounds (17-19 and 23-25), from the petroleum ether (PE) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts of Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames, an edible medicinal plant named "panlongshen" in Chinese that is popularly used in medicinal foods and herbal teas. The structures of the obtained compounds were identified on the basis of extensive NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI-MS analyses. The cytotoxicities of the phenanthrenes (1-13), the bibenzyl compound (14) , and the flavonoids (15-16 and 20-22) toward SGC-7901, HepG2, and B16-F10 cell lines were examined in vitro. Compounds 1 and 7 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities toward all of the selected cancer cell lines, and their IC50 values ranged from 19.0 ± 7.3 to 30.2 ± 5.6 μM. Spiranthesphenanthrene A (1) exhibited higher cytotoxic activity than the positive control cisplatin toward the B16-F10 cell line (IC50 = 19.0 ± 7.3 μM). A wound healing assay revealed the inhibition of the migration of B16-F10 cancer cells in a time- and dose-dependent pattern by treatment with 2.5, 5, and 10 μM solutions of compound 1 for 24 and 48 h, respectively. Western blots revealed that compound 1 obviously increased the level of the E-cadherin protein (an epithelial marker) and decreased the levels of the vimentin and N-cadherin proteins (mesenchymal markers). Furthermore, the level of the transcription factor Snail was also obviously decreased by compound 1 in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, compound 1 inhibits the migration of B16-F10 cancer cells, which may be closely related to the inhibition of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Compound 1 represents a promising drug candidate for the prevention of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Qi-Meng Yin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Xin Yan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Chen Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Run-Kun Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Xin Luo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , China
| | - Xian-Wen Zhang
- Oncology Department, Clinical Medical College , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225001 , China
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41
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Orellana-Serradell O, Herrera D, Castellon EA, Contreras HR. The transcription factor ZEB1 promotes an aggressive phenotype in prostate cancer cell lines. Asian J Androl 2019; 20:294-299. [PMID: 29271397 PMCID: PMC5952486 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_61_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that one of the factors that promotes tumoral progression is the abnormal activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition program. This process is associated with tumoral cells acquiring invasive and malignant properties and has the transcription factor zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) as one of its main activators. However, the role of ZEB1 in promoting malignancy in prostate cancer (PCa) is still unclear. Here, we report that ZEB1 expression correlates with Gleason score in PCa samples and that expression of ZEB1 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and malignant characteristics in PCa cell lines. The results showed that ZEB1 expression is higher in samples of higher malignancy and that overexpression of ZEB1 was able to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition by upregulating the mesenchymal marker Vimentin and downregulating the epithelial marker E-Cadherin. On the contrary, ZEB1 silencing repressed Vimentin expression and upregulated E-Cadherin. ZEB1 expression conferred enhanced motility and invasiveness and a higher colony formation capacity to 22Rv1 cells whereas DU145 cells with ZEB1 silencing showed a decrease in those same properties. The results showed that ZEB1 could be a key promoter of tumoral progression toward advanced stages of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Orellana-Serradell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Daniela Herrera
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Enrique A Castellon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Hector R Contreras
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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42
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Epigenetic Reprogramming of TGF-β Signaling in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050726. [PMID: 31137748 PMCID: PMC6563130 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway has a well-documented, context-dependent role in breast cancer development. In normal and premalignant cells, it acts as a tumor suppressor. By contrast, during the malignant phases of breast cancer progression, the TGF-β signaling pathway elicits tumor promoting effects particularly by driving the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which enhances tumor cell migration, invasion and ultimately metastasis to distant organs. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that govern this dual capacity are being uncovered at multiple molecular levels. This review will focus on recent advances relating to how epigenetic changes such as acetylation and methylation control the outcome of TGF-β signaling and alter the fate of breast cancer cells. In addition, we will highlight how this knowledge can be further exploited to curb tumorigenesis by selective targeting of the TGF-β signaling pathway.
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43
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Li W, Xue D, Xue M, Zhao J, Liang H, Liu Y, Sun T. Fucoidan inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via regulation of the HIF-1α pathway in mammary cancer cells under hypoxia. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:330-338. [PMID: 31289504 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of fucoidan on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line in a hypoxic microenvironment. Transwell and wound-healing assays were performed to analyze the invasion and migration of MDA-MB-231 human mammary cancer cells, respectively. The expression levels of EMT markers and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were detected through western blotting. Under hypoxia, fucoidan treatment inhibited proliferation of breast cancer cells. Fucoidan also suppressed the invasion and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. Western blotting revealed that fucoidan treatment significantly reduced the protein expression levels of HIF-1α and HIF-1 target genes. Furthermore, the nuclear translocation and activity of HIF-1α were reduced. Fucoidan treatment significantly downregulated the expression levels of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin and vimentin), but upregulated the expression levels of the epithelial markers zonula occludens-1 and E-cadherin. In addition, overexpression of HIF1-α protected cells from fucoidan-mediated suppression of migration and invasion. These data suggested that fucoidan may inhibit EMT in human TNBC cells via downregulation of the HIF1-α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Dingshan Xue
- Department of Senior Grade Three, Qingdao West Coast District No. 1 Senior High School, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, P.R. China
| | - Meilan Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Jinglan Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of Qingdao Center Medical Group, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liang
- The Institute of Human Nutrition, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
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44
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Jolly MK, Ware KE, Xu S, Gilja S, Shetler S, Yang Y, Wang X, Austin RG, Runyambo D, Hish AJ, Bartholf DeWitt S, George JT, Kreulen RT, Boss MK, Lazarides AL, Kerr DL, Gerber DG, Sivaraj D, Armstrong AJ, Dewhirst MW, Eward WC, Levine H, Somarelli JA. E-Cadherin Represses Anchorage-Independent Growth in Sarcomas through Both Signaling and Mechanical Mechanisms. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1391-1402. [PMID: 30862685 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CDH1 (also known as E-cadherin), an epithelial-specific cell-cell adhesion molecule, plays multiple roles in maintaining adherens junctions, regulating migration and invasion, and mediating intracellular signaling. Downregulation of E-cadherin is a hallmark of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and correlates with poor prognosis in multiple carcinomas. Conversely, upregulation of E-cadherin is prognostic for improved survival in sarcomas. Yet, despite the prognostic benefit of E-cadherin expression in sarcoma, the mechanistic significance of E-cadherin in sarcomas remains poorly understood. Here, by combining mathematical models with wet-bench experiments, we identify the core regulatory networks mediated by E-cadherin in sarcomas, and decipher their functional consequences. Unlike carcinomas, E-cadherin overexpression in sarcomas does not induce a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). However, E-cadherin acts to reduce both anchorage-independent growth and spheroid formation of sarcoma cells. Ectopic E-cadherin expression acts to downregulate phosphorylated CREB1 (p-CREB) and the transcription factor, TBX2, to inhibit anchorage-independent growth. RNAi-mediated knockdown of TBX2 phenocopies the effect of E-cadherin on CREB levels and restores sensitivity to anchorage-independent growth in sarcoma cells. Beyond its signaling role, E-cadherin expression in sarcoma cells can also strengthen cell-cell adhesion and restricts spheroid growth through mechanical action. Together, our results demonstrate that E-cadherin inhibits sarcoma aggressiveness by preventing anchorage-independent growth. IMPLICATIONS: We highlight how E-cadherin can restrict aggressive behavior in sarcomas through both biochemical signaling and biomechanical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Kathryn E Ware
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Shengnan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Shivee Gilja
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Samantha Shetler
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yanjun Yang
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Department of Applied Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Xueyang Wang
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - R Garland Austin
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Daniella Runyambo
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alexander J Hish
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Jason T George
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - R Timothy Kreulen
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mary-Keara Boss
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | | | - David L Kerr
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Drew G Gerber
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Dharshan Sivaraj
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Solid Tumor Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Prostate Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark W Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - William C Eward
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason A Somarelli
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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Meshkani SE, Kooshan N, Moghadam AB, Falanji F, Adli A, Baghbani-Arani F, Arian AG, Rad A. Signaling roadmap to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pterygium, TWIST1 centralized. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18146-18155. [PMID: 30847945 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pterygium as a complex disease shares common features with other malignant cells in its onset recurrence and especially epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transition. Although using different approaches including conjunctival autografts, amniotic membrane, radiotherapy, mitomycin C (MMC) has shown promising insights in the inhibition of pterygium recurrence, it needs to be investigated in more details in molecular pathways to present adjuvant target therapy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of and then illustrate the role of signaling pathways on EMT in pterygium. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, the twist-related protein 1 (TWIST1) expression was compared in primary pterygium and normal conjunctiva. This study assessed the mRNA expression, as well as the association between the clinicopathological indices and the gene expression level. The expression level of TWIST1 was overexpressed in 36% of our cohort ( n = 76). There was a significant positive correlation between recurrence with grade T, grade V and a significant negative correlation with growth activity. Our vast literature review on different signaling pathways in pterygium showed that EMT has centralization role in recurrence of this disease. Our data confirmed that EMT is important in the recurrence of pterygium samples and different signaling pathways end up activating the EMT markers. It is suggested to evaluate the environmental factors and their correlation with molecular markers to select favorable treatment for this kind of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Elyas Meshkani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Narges Kooshan
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | | | - Farahnaz Falanji
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Adli
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Baghbani-Arani
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | | | - Abolfazl Rad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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46
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Xing J, Tian XJ. Investigating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition with integrated computational and experimental approaches. Phys Biol 2019; 16:031001. [PMID: 30665206 PMCID: PMC6609444 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ab0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The transition between epithelial and mesenchymal (EMT) is a fundamental cellular process that plays critical roles in development, cancer metastasis, and tissue wound healing. EMT is not a binary process but involves multiple partial EMT states that give rise to a high degree of cell state plasticity. Here, we first reviewed several studies on theoretical predictions and experimental verification of these intermediate states, the role of partial EMT on kidney fibrosis development, and how quantitative signaling information controls cell commitment to partial or full EMT upon transient signals. Next, we summarized existing knowledge and open questions on the coupling between EMT and other biological processes, such as the cell cycle, epigenetic regulation, stemness, and apoptosis. Taken together, EMT is a model system that has attracted increasing interests for quantitative experimental and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Xing
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States of America. UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America. To whom correspondence should be addressed
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47
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Jung HY, Fattet L, Tsai JH, Kajimoto T, Chang Q, Newton AC, Yang J. Apical-basal polarity inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumour metastasis by PAR-complex-mediated SNAI1 degradation. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:359-371. [PMID: 30804505 PMCID: PMC6546105 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Loss of apical-basal polarity and activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) both contribute to carcinoma progression and metastasis. Here, we report that apical-basal polarity inhibits EMT to suppress metastatic dissemination. Using mouse and human epithelial three-dimensional organoid cultures, we show that the PAR-atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) polarity complex inhibits EMT and invasion by promoting degradation of the SNAIL family protein SNAI1. Under intact apical-basal polarity, aPKC kinases phosphorylate S249 of SNAI1, which leads to protein degradation. Loss of apical-basal polarity prevents aPKC-mediated SNAI1 phosphorylation and stabilizes the SNAI1 protein to promote EMT and invasion. In human breast tumour xenografts, inhibition of the PAR-complex-mediated SNAI1 degradation mechanism promotes tumour invasion and metastasis. Analyses of human breast tissue samples reveal negative correlations between PAR3 and SNAI1 protein levels. Our results demonstrate that apical-basal polarity functions as a critical checkpoint of EMT to precisely control epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity during tumour metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Yun Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laurent Fattet
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeff H Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Taketoshi Kajimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qiang Chang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Department of Neurology, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexandra C Newton
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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48
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SNAIL is induced by tamoxifen and leads to growth inhibition in invasive lobular breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 175:327-337. [PMID: 30798422 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a histological subtype of breast cancer that is predominantly estrogen receptor alpha (ER)-positive (+) and is thus treated with endocrine therapies. Herein, we sought to understand the molecular underpinnings of the 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT) resistance in ILC by assessing the potential role of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition transcription factor (EMT-TF) SNAIL (SNAI1). METHODS Using a series of breast cancer cell lines, we measured the basal, estrogen and 4OHT-induced expression of SNAIL and other EMT-TF family members by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments were performed to assess ER binding to the SNAIL promoter. Cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed in 2D cultures. 3D growth was assessed in Matrigel and Collagen I cultures. RESULTS Estrogen and 4OHT induced SNAIL expression, but not that of the other EMT-TF family members SLUG (SNAI2) and SMUC (SNAI3), with the 4OHT effect being specific to the lobular but not the ductal subtype. We observed estrogen and 4OHT-induced ER recruitment to the SNAI1 promoter and high endogenous basal levels of SNAIL and several EMT-TFs in ILC cell lines. While SNAIL knockdown had a minor impact on the 4OHT partial agonism in estrogen-depleted conditions, it led to a surprising increase in cell proliferation in full serum. In complementary experiments, inducible SNAI1 overexpression caused decreased proliferation, associated with a cell cycle arrest in G0/G1. Additionally, apoptosis was observed in BCK4 cells. CONCLUSION These data suggest a previously unrecognized role for SNAIL in ILC, substantiating a context-dependent behavior for this EMT-TF.
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49
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Gupta PB, Pastushenko I, Skibinski A, Blanpain C, Kuperwasser C. Phenotypic Plasticity: Driver of Cancer Initiation, Progression, and Therapy Resistance. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 24:65-78. [PMID: 30554963 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Our traditional understanding of phenotypic plasticity in adult somatic cells comprises dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation in the context of tissue regeneration or wound healing. Although dedifferentiation is central to tissue repair and stemness, this process inherently carries the risk of cancer initiation. Consequently, recent research suggests phenotypic plasticity as a new paradigm for understanding cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy. Here, we discuss how cells acquire plasticity and the role of plasticity in initiating cancer, cancer progression, and metastasis and in developing therapy resistance. We also highlight the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and known molecular mechanisms underlying plasticity and we consider potential therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush B Gupta
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Ievgenia Pastushenko
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Adam Skibinski
- Department of Developmental, Chemical and Molecular Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA; Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Cedric Blanpain
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels 1070, Belgium; WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium.
| | - Charlotte Kuperwasser
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels 1070, Belgium; Department of Developmental, Chemical and Molecular Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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50
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Du R, Tang G, Tang Z, Kuang Y. Ectopic expression of CC chemokine receptor 7 promotes prostate cancer cells metastasis via Notch1 signaling. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9639-9647. [PMID: 30548287 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There currently exists no satisfactory treatment for patients with prostate cancer with local evolution and distant metastasis. Previous studies have confirmed the importance of CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) in the invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer. And increasing evidence prove that Notch1 can play diametrically opposite roles in the development and progression of different tumors. To demonstrate the correlation between CCR7 and Notch1, PC-3 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-CCR7 or CCR7 si-RNA, respectively. Then Western blot analysis was used to detect the expressions of Notch1, ERK, P38, JNK, NF-κB, MMP-9, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins. Moreover, matrigel invasion assays were performed to assess the migratory and invasive activities of PC-3 cells. PcDNA3.1-CCR7 increased the expression of Notch1, phospho-MAPK, phospho-P65, MMP-9, N-cadherin, and Snail in PC-3 cells, but decreased the expression of E-cadherin. PcDNA3.1-CCR7 also promoted the migration and invasion of PC-3 cells. However, CCR7 si-RNA reversed the effect of pcDNA3.1-CCR7 in PC-3 cells. And MAPK and NF-κB pathway inhibitors were used to testify that activation of Notch1 induces EMT through MAPK and NF-κB pathway. All these results indicate that upregulation of Notch1 by CCR7 can accelerate the evolution of EMT and develop the invasion and metastasis in prostate cancer cells by activating MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in prostate cancer cells, which provides a new molecular evidence for targeted therapy in metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyang Du
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanlin Tang
- Department of Urology, Chengdu Sixth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaobing Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youlin Kuang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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