Coparenting Conflict Behavior, Parent-Adolescent Attachment, and Social Competence with Peers: An Investigation of Developmental Differences

From parents to peers! Social support and peer attachment as mediators of parental attachment and depression: A Chinese perspective

BACKGROUND

Secure attachment has been associated with a lower incidence of depressive symptoms in adolescents. Adolescence is an important period for attachment development as it shapes future attachment patterns. This study adopts a social support perspective to explore the transition from parental attachment to peer attachment, and its impact on reducing depression.

METHODS

A sample of 7792 students from China, aged 11 to 19 years (mean = 15.19, SD = 2.564), completed three questionnaires: the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, the Social Support Scale, and the Self-Depression Scale. SEM was used to analyze the mediating and moderating role of social support and peer attachment in the relationship between parental attachment and depression with gender as covariates.

RESULTS

Peer attachment partially mediated the relationship between parental attachment and depression among Chinese adolescents (β = -0.17, p < 0.001). Social support moderated the association between parental attachment and depression, indicating that higher levels of social support mitigate the negative influence of insecure parental attachment on adolescent depression (β = -0.02, p < 0.05). Furthermore, social support mediated the relationship between peer attachment and parental attachment, suggesting that secure peer attachment and good social support jointly buffer against depressive symptoms in adolescents (β = -0.077, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

The findings highlight important implications for developing targeted interventions to reduce adolescent depression. By recognizing the power of social support, we hope to provide valuable insights into practical strategies for addressing and alleviating adolescent depression.

The Longitudinal Relationship Between Parent-Adolescent Conflict and Adolescents' Bullying Perpetration: The Role of Self-Control and School Climate

INTRODUCTION

Parent-adolescent conflict is associated with bullying perpetration among adolescents. However, few studies have explored the underlying mechanisms of these relationships. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective interventions to reduce bullying behaviors.

METHODS

The study involved 899 Chinese adolescents (50.9% female, baseline Mage = 14.55 years, SD = 1.60) from ten middle schools in Henan Province, China. Data were collected in three waves between December 2017 and December 2019. Traditional and random intercept cross-lagged panel models were used to assessed the longitudinal relationships between parent-adolescent conflict and bullying perpetration over time. Additionally, mediation analysis was conducted to examine the role of self-control, and moderation analysis was performed to explore the impact of school climate on the mediation effect of self-control.

RESULTS

Both traditional and random intercept cross-lagged panel models revealed a significant longitudinal relationship between parent-adolescent conflict and bullying perpetration. Mediation analysis showed that self-control mediated this relationship, indicating that higher levels of conflict were associated with lower self-control, which in turn predicted higher levels of bullying perpetration. Furthermore, the moderation analysis demonstrated that school climate moderated the effect of self-control on bullying perpetration, with a positive school climate weakening the negative impact of low self-control.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings contribute to understanding the dynamic relationship and underlying mechanisms between parent-adolescent conflict and bullying perpetration, emphasizing the need for joint efforts from families and schools to reduce bullying perpetration. Interventions targeting self-control and improving school climate may be particularly effective in reducing bullying perpetration among adolescents.

The Association between Academic Stress and Problematic Internet Use among Adolescents: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis

Despite previous studies examining the relationship between problematic Internet use and academic stress in adolescents, significant limitations remain, especially in terms of the nature of the stress and moderators. This study systematically examines the association between academic stress and problematic Internet use in adolescents, using a three-level meta-analysis. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, it conducted a comprehensive database search including 49 studies, with 166 effect sizes and 189,483 adolescents. The results indicate a positive correlation between academic stress and problematic Internet use in adolescents. Additionally, moderation analysis revealed that both sources of academic stress and academic stress measurement tools significantly moderated the association. The association between mixed academic stress (intrapsychic and external stressors) and problematic Internet use was significantly stronger than that between external academic stress and problematic Internet use. The association was weaker when using the Academic Expectations Stress Inventory than other scales. These findings highlight that problematic Internet use is often an maladaptive coping strategy for adolescents under academic stress, and this behavior does not vary with the specific use of the Internet. However, it also suggests that under certain cultural contexts, external academic stress can be transformed into motivation for learning. This study deepens our understanding of how academic stress influences adolescent Internet use and underscores the need for improved measurement tools to capture the complexity of academic stress.

The co-occurrence between symptoms of internet gaming disorder, depression, and anxiety in middle and late adolescence: A cross-lagged panel network analysis

Although there is a growing awareness of the co-occurrence of internet gaming disorder (IGD) with other mental health problems, the specific patterns of how these symptoms interact over time, especially across different age groups, remain unclear. The current study utilizes cross-lagged panel network modeling (CLPN) to investigate the dynamic, longitudinal relationships among symptoms of IGD, depression and anxiety among adolescents across time, and how these connections change with different developmental stages. A total of 3296 middle and late adolescents who have finished 3-time points research were included in the present study. Significant differences were found between middle and late adolescents in the structures and strengths of the contemporaneous and longitudinal networks. For middle adolescents, symptoms tended to predict subsequent symptoms within the same disorder. However, late adolescents showed a stronger trend of symptoms being interconnected across comorbid conditions. Feelings of worthlessness & hopelessness were the most impactful symptoms for middle adolescents in the short term and they continued to significantly affect late adolescents in the long term. In addition, restless and suicide or self-harm were the most important bridge symptoms for middle and late adolescents, respectively. This study emphasizes the importance of developing targeted intervention strategies focusing on both central and bridging symptoms of the comorbid conditions of IGD, depression, and anxiety in adolescence. Recognizing distinct adolescents' needs, interventions should be tailored to effectively address the unique challenges at different developmental stages.

Age Differences in the Associations Between Interpersonal Relationships and Short-Form Video Addiction Symptoms: A Network Analysis

Purpose

A considerable body of evidence indicated that interpersonal relationships were significantly associated with short-form video addiction (SFVA) among adolescents, but how they are related on a symptom level at different ages remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the central symptoms of SFVA and distinct associations between three primary interpersonal relationships (ie, teacher-student relationships, parent-child relationships, peer relationships) and SFVA symptoms in early and middle adolescence.

Participants and Methods

After completing scales of SFVA, teacher-student relationship, parent-child relationship and peer relationship in 2022, a sample of 1579 fourth-grade students (age range: 10-12; M age = 10.91, SD = 0.48; 38.6% females) and 2229 eighth-grade students (age range: 13-15; M age = 14.82, SD = 0.36; 44.5% females) who were at high risk of SFVA were included in this study. A network analysis approach was conducted to analyze the data.

Results

SFVA3 hard to control and SFVA2 increasing time for satisfaction were the most central symptoms of SFVA in both early and middle adolescence. Among interpersonal relationships, teacher-student relationships and peer relationships were the most influential bridge nodes that exerted the largest impact on SFVA in early and middle adolescence, respectively. Comparison of the networks indicated no significant differences in overall network structures, global strength and most edge connections between early and middle adolescence.

Conclusion

These findings uncover the interconnections between heterogeneous SFVA symptoms and underscore the unique importance of teacher-student relationships and peer relationships on SFVA in different stages of adolescence, which can be harnessed in the design of future preventive interventions.

#workoutathome: How Instructions in the Captions of Fitfluencers' Posts Impact Adolescents' Body Satisfaction and Intention to Exercise

The present study examines how content of fitfluencers can be employed to improve body satisfaction and intention to exercise among adolescents. Specifically, this experimental study (N = 114 adolescents, age: 16-18) compares the effects of fitfluencer content with instructional captions that contain exercise or workout instructions (as a form of edutainment) with those of self-focused fitfluencer captions that emphasize the fitfluencer's appearance. These two types of captions are found to induce no significant differences in either body satisfaction or intention to exercise. In addition, there were no significant indirect effects via state appearance comparison or self-efficacy. The results do show that less state appearance comparisons increase body satisfaction, and that more self-efficacy increases body satisfaction and intention to exercise. The results suggest that instructions in fitfluencer captions do not differ from self-focused captions in their effects on body satisfaction and intention to exercise among adolescents.

Parental Competence and Pornography Use among Hispanic Adolescents

OBJECTIVES

This study aims to determine the association between parental competence (warmth, demandingness, and parental education in fortitude and in privacy) and pornography use.

METHODS

This study presents cross-sectional data from an ongoing international study (YOURLIFE Project) about the opinions and lifestyles of adolescents with respect to affectivity, love, and sexuality. Adolescents (N = 2516) aged 12-15 from Chile, Mexico, Peru, and Spain were included. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to analyze the association between family assets (parental demandingness, warmth, and parental fortitude and privacy education) and pornography use.

RESULTS

The results indicated an association between parental warmth and pornography use among boys and girls. Furthermore, privacy education was highly associated with less pornography use only in girls. Parental demandingness and parental fortitude education were not associated with pornography use.

CONCLUSION

Our findings suggest that new educational perspectives including privacy issues should be considered within programs for pornography use prevention among adolescents. Parents should incorporate these variables when discussing pornography with their adolescents and not only focus on filters or demandingness.

Relationship Between Father-Child Attachment and Adolescents' Anxiety: The Bidirectional Chain Mediating Roles of Neuroticism and Peer Attachment

Background

Adolescent anxiety is closely associated with the quality of parent-child attachment. However, previous studies have predominantly focused on the impact of mother-child attachment. Little is known about the direct and indirect associations of father-child attachment on adolescent anxiety.

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the association and underlying mechanisms that link father-child attachment and adolescent anxiety. A bidirectional chain mediating model was constructed to test whether neuroticism and peer attachment play bidirectional mediating roles in father-child attachment and adolescent anxiety.

Methods

The proposed model was examined among 763 adolescents aged 11-16 years (male 53.1%) from four middle schools in Central China. Students completed questionnaires on father-child attachment, anxiety, neuroticism and peer attachment. The correlation and bidirectional chain mediating effect analyses were conducted using SPSS Process.

Results

(1) Father-child attachment negatively correlated with adolescent anxiety and neuroticism, and positively correlated with peer attachment; (2) Father-child attachment had an indirect association on adolescent anxiety through three pathways: a partial mediating effect on neuroticism, a partial mediating effect on peer attachment, and a bidirectional chain mediating effect involving both neuroticism and peer attachment.

Conclusion

This study revealed father-child attachment has an indirect association with adolescent anxiety through the bidirectional chain mediation of neuroticism and peer attachment. These empirical findings shed light on the intricate dynamic between father-child attachment and anxiety among Chinese adolescents, highlighting the crucial role of fathers in the prevention and reduction of adolescent anxiety from the perspectives of father-child dynamics, personal traits, and interpersonal relationships.

Joint Roles of Oxytocin- and Dopamine-Related Genes and Childhood Parenting Experience in Maternal Supportive Social Network

How genes and parenting determine maternal social support availability, an important preventive factor of postpartum depression, has been little studied. Our study aimed to examine the interaction effects of maternal sociality-related gene and parenting on maternal social support. We analyzed data of 115 triads of Japanese grandmothers, mothers, and their infants. An interaction between parenting and cumulative genetic risk, calculated on the sociality-related genes (OXTR rs53576, rs2254298, rs1042778; COMT rs4680), was found. Mothers with high genetic risk received less social support if received poorer parenting (B = - 0.02, 95%CI = - 0.04 to - 0.01), while no association among low-risk mothers. Poorer social support was associated with severer depression in high-risk mothers (B = - 0.88, 95%CI = - 1.45 to -0.30). Our results suggest that mothers carrying risk alleles of sociality-related genes are particularly sensitive to childhood parenting, underscoring the importance of childhood parenting and genetic risk to understand maternal help-seeking behavior.

Bidirectional Longitudinal Associations between Parental Psychological Control and Peer Victimization among Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction

Despite evidence indicating a connection between inappropriate parenting styles and peer victimization, the dynamic processes and mechanisms underlying this link and whether it is consistent across genders and different developmental stages have yet to be explored. To address these gaps, the current 2-year longitudinal study explored the potential bidirectional associations between parental psychological control and peer victimization, as well as the mediating role of adolescent basic psychological need satisfaction. A total of 4,990 adolescents (49.4% boys, Mage T1 = 12.21 years, SDage T1 = 2.60) across different developmental stages (early adolescents, N = 1,819, 49.2% boys, Mage T1 = 9.34 years, SDage T1 = 0.62; middle adolescents, N = 1,525, 50.75% boys, Mage T1 = 12.47 years, SDage T1 = 0.69; late adolescents, N = 1,646, 46.5% boys, Mage T1 = 15.26 years, SDage T1 = 0.50) participated in this three-wave longitudinal survey. The results revealed that parental psychological control was bidirectionally associated with peer victimization. Additionally, basic psychological need satisfaction played the meditating role in this vicious cycle. Further analysis demonstrated interesting developmental differences. Parental psychological control was directly associated with subsequent peer victimization at all three developmental stages, and peer victimization was only directly associated with subsequent parental psychological control in the next year among early adolescents and middle adolescents. The mutual mediating role of basic psychological need satisfaction between parental psychological control and peer victimization was observed exclusively in early adolescents. Both male and female adolescents could be equally affected by these dynamics. This research underscores the reciprocal dynamics inherent in parent-child interactions, intervening in either of these processes (i.e., family, peers, and adolescent basic psychological need satisfaction) may break this destructive cycle.

Associations among Parental Phubbing, Self-esteem, and Adolescents' Proactive and Reactive Aggression: A Three-Year Longitudinal Study in China

Parental phubbing, as a new risk factor for adolescents' healthy development, has been noticed by scholars. However, few studies have clarified the associations between parental phubbing and adolescents' proactive and reactive aggression and the potential mediating mechanisms. To address the gaps, the current study explored the longitudinal associations among parental phubbing, self-esteem, and adolescents' proactive and reactive aggression by using the parallel process latent growth curve model and the cross-lagged panel model. The current study involved 2407 Chinese adolescents (girls were 1202, Mage = 12.75, SD = 0.58 at baseline, range = 11-16). Results indicated that parental phubbing significantly positively predicted adolescents' reactive aggression but not proactive aggression. Self-esteem significantly predicted the adolescents' reactive and proactive aggression. Self-esteem significantly mediated the associations between parental phubbing and adolescents' proactive and reactive aggression, respectively. These findings suggest that intervening with parental phubbing is a promising way to reduce adolescents' reactive aggression, and promoting adolescents' self-esteem is an effective approach to prevent their proactive and reactive aggression.

Exploring symptom-level associations between anxiety and depression across developmental stages of adolescence: a network analysis approach

Background

Anxiety and depression often co-occur during adolescence, but the associations between symptoms of these two disorders in this developmental period are not yet fully understood. Network analysis provides a valuable approach to uncover meaningful associations among symptoms and offers insights for prevention and intervention strategies. This study aimed to investigate symptom-level associations between anxiety and depression using network analysis and to identify core symptoms, bridge symptoms, and differences in network structure across different stages of adolescence.

Methods

The cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2022 in Shenzhen, China. Participants completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, along with demographic questionnaires assessing age and gender. Chinese adolescents aged 10 to 17 who were in Grades 5 or 6 of elementary school, Grades 1 or 2 of middle school, or Grades 1 or 2 of high school, and who could comprehensively understand and read Chinese were recruited as participants. Students in Grade 3 of middle and high schools were excluded due to their upcoming high school or college entrance examinations. Based on age, participants were categorized into early, middle, and late developmental stages of adolescence.

Results

“Loss of control” was among the most central symptoms in the comorbidity network throughout all three developmental stages; “excessive worry” and “anhedonia” emerged as the core symptoms in early adolescence, and “restlessness” as the core symptom in late adolescence. “Anhedonia,” “sad mood,” and “fatigue” were identified as bridge symptoms between anxiety and depression across all three developmental stages of adolescence. The global strength of the network in middle adolescence was significantly higher compared to the other two stages.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the core and bridge symptoms that require special attention and intervention at each stage of adolescence. Moreover, significantly higher network connectivity in middle adolescence suggests this is a critical period for intervention to prevent the development of comorbid mental disorders.

Exploring symptom-level associations between anxiety and depression across developmental stages of adolescence: a network analysis approach

BACKGROUND

Anxiety and depression often co-occur during adolescence, but the associations between symptoms of these two disorders in this developmental period are not yet fully understood. Network analysis provides a valuable approach to uncover meaningful associations among symptoms and offers insights for prevention and intervention strategies. This study aimed to investigate symptom-level associations between anxiety and depression using network analysis and to identify core symptoms, bridge symptoms, and differences in network structure across different stages of adolescence.

METHODS

The cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2022 in Shenzhen, China. Participants completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, along with demographic questionnaires assessing age and gender. Chinese adolescents aged 10 to 17 who were in Grades 5 or 6 of elementary school, Grades 1 or 2 of middle school, or Grades 1 or 2 of high school, and who could comprehensively understand and read Chinese were recruited as participants. Students in Grade 3 of middle and high schools were excluded due to their upcoming high school or college entrance examinations. Based on age, participants were categorized into early, middle, and late developmental stages of adolescence.

RESULTS

"Loss of control" was among the most central symptoms in the comorbidity network throughout all three developmental stages; "excessive worry" and "anhedonia" emerged as the core symptoms in early adolescence, and "restlessness" as the core symptom in late adolescence. "Anhedonia," "sad mood," and "fatigue" were identified as bridge symptoms between anxiety and depression across all three developmental stages of adolescence. The global strength of the network in middle adolescence was significantly higher compared to the other two stages.

CONCLUSION

These findings highlight the core and bridge symptoms that require special attention and intervention at each stage of adolescence. Moreover, significantly higher network connectivity in middle adolescence suggests this is a critical period for intervention to prevent the development of comorbid mental disorders.

Symptom relationships between internet addiction and anxiety across primary and middle school students during the Omicron lockdown

During the Omicron pandemic, students in Shenzhen took classes at home via the internet, which could lead to internet addiction (IA) symptoms, and anxiety is often considered an important risk factor for IA. There are several different developmental stages within adolescence. However, no studies have explored the interaction between IA and anxiety at the symptom level using a longitudinal design stratified by age. A total of 2744 students completed the questionnaire 50 days after starting the online classes (T1) and 50 days after they returned to school (T2). A cross-lagged panel network model was used to describe the structure of the comorbidity network. With the help of bootstrapping, the Mann-Whitney U test was used to examine the differences between primary school students' and middle school students' networks. The results found that there is a bidirectional interaction between IA and anxiety, and anxiety plays a dominant role. Feeling afraid is the bridge symptom between IA and anxiety. IA did not show developmental stage differences, but anxiety did. These findings extend the model of compensatory internet use and suggest that, when alleviating IA symptoms in adolescents, attention should be given to their possible comorbid anxiety symptoms, especially in middle school students.

Fathers and mothers' parenting stress and adolescent depressive symptoms: the mediating roles of overt and covert coparenting conflict behaviors

BACKGROUND

It is yet to be clarified if and how parenting stress was linked to adolescent depressive symptoms during the pandemic.

OBJECTIVES

This study adopted an interdependent approach to examine the relationship between parenting stress and adolescent depressive symptoms in Chinese families. It then examined the mediating effects of overt and covert coparenting conflict behaviors.

METHODS

As a national survey, data were obtained from different regions in China. Fathers, mothers, and adolescents from 1031 families participated in this study. The fathers and mothers reported parenting stress; the adolescents rated their fathers and mothers' overt and covert coparenting conflict behaviors and their own depressive symptoms.

RESULTS

Maternal parenting stress was related to adolescent depressive symptoms through the mediating effects of paternal overt and maternal covert coparenting conflict behaviors. Both paternal and maternal parenting stress were directly related to adolescent depressive symptoms. However, maternal parenting stress had a more substantial effect on adolescent depressive symptoms than paternal parenting stress.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings support the effects of parenting stress on adolescent depressive symptoms. The study also highlights the mediating roles of paternal overt and maternal covert coparenting conflict behaviors in relationships.

Associations between parental mediation and adolescents' internet addiction: The role of parent-child relationship and adolescents' grades

Introduction

Family factors, such as parental mediation on Internet use and parent-child relationships, have been shown to play a crucial role in preventing adolescents' internet addiction. Previous studies have shown a change in characteristics of online risk during adolescents' development. However, it is still of great interest whether such differences applied in the relationships among parent-child relationships, different types of parental mediation and adolescents' internet addiction level. In this study, we investigated the associations between different types of parental mediators and adolescents' internet addiction level and how the associations were mediated by father-child and mother-child relationships. We further investigated whether mediating effect differs between primary and secondary school children.

Methods

Based on a sample of 3,026 school children aged 9-14 years (M = 11.56, SD = 0.71; 55.25% primary school adolescents, 44.75% secondary school adolescents), a series of Structural Equation Models were applied to investigate the relationships among internet addiction, parental mediation, and parent-child relationship. In addition, a series of multi-group analysis were applied to detect whether there are differences in these relationships between the primary and secondary school group.

Results

The internet addiction level and intensity of parental mediation was higher among primary school adolescents than secondary school adolescents. Parental active mediation and monitoring on internet use were associated with reduced and increased adolescents' internet addiction. Father-child relationship had stronger partial mediating effects on the relationships between parental mediation and adolescents' internet addiction than the mother-child relationship. The relationships among parental mediation, parent-child relationship and internet addiction were more pronounced among primary school adolescents than secondary school adolescents.

Discussion

The findings suggest that good father-child relationships and adequate parental mediation approach, such as active mediation, may contribute to reduction of internet addiction risk in adolescents, especially in primary school adolescents.

Maternal positive coparenting and adolescent peer attachment: Chain intermediary role of parental involvement and parent–child attachment

This study investigated the relationship between maternal positive coparenting and adolescent peer attachment, and the intermediary role of parental involvement and parent–child attachment in 1,807 families using the maternal positive coparenting scale, the parental involvement scale, and the parent and peer attachment scale. The results showed that maternal positive coparenting behaviour, parental involvement, parent–child attachment, and peer attachment had significant positive relationships, and maternal positive coparenting had a positive correlation with adolescent peer attachment. Moreover, parental involvement and parent–child attachment played a significant mediating role between maternal positive coparenting behavior, including unity and consistent behavior, and adolescent peer attachment, respectively, which consisted of a sole intermediary role of parental involvement; a single intermediary role of parent–children attachment; and a chain intermediary role of parental involvement and parent–children attachment. Hence, maternal positive coparenting was positively associated with adolescent peer attachment, in which parental involvement and parent-child attachment served as a crucial bridge.

The Structure of Mental Elasticity Education for Children in Plight Using Deep Learning

The purpose is to solve the problem that the current research on the impact of the microstructure of mental elasticity and its constituent factors on the development of the mental elasticity of children is not comprehensive, and the traditional artificial analysis method of mental problems has strong subjectivity and low accuracy. First, the structural equation model is used to study the microstructure of poor children's mental elasticity, and to explore the structural relationship and functional path between the mental elasticity of children and the self-efficacy of their mental health, psychological anxiety, and attachment. Second, a prediction model of mental problems of children in plight based on the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) is constructed. Finally, middle schools in the representative areas of Northwest China are selected as the research unit. The relevant research data are collected by issuing questionnaires, and the data set is constructed to verify the performance of the model. The experimental results show that the average prediction errors of the BPNN model and the support vector regression (SVR) model are 1.87 and 5.4, respectively. The error of BPNN is 65.4% lower than that of SVR, so BPNN has a better performance. The prediction results of the test set show that the actual error and the relative error of the BPNN model are controlled in the range of 0.01, and the prediction accuracy is high. The structural equation model has a high fitting degree. The results of the questionnaire analysis show that attachment, self-efficacy, and psychological anxiety exert a significant direct impact on mental elasticity. This exploration aims to conduct a micro investigation on the relationship among the three core variables (attachment, self-efficacy, and mental health) in the resilience research of children in plight, and analyze their resilience, to provide a theoretical basis for the resilience intervention design of vulnerable groups.

Actor-partner association of work-family conflict and parental depressive symptoms during COVID-19 in China: Does coparenting matter?

Parental depressive symptoms and their related factors have not been widely examined during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Therefore, the current study examined the actor and partner associations of work–family conflict and parental depressive symptoms. Considering the new demands and challenges for families during the COVID‐19 pandemic, we further explored the moderation effect of coparenting. A cross‐sectional online survey with 985 paired fathers and mothers was conducted in Mainland China. In 11.6% of families, only mothers reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; in 10.6% families, only fathers reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; in 9.5% families, the mother and father reported mild to moderate depressive symptoms. Results of the actor–partner interdependence model showed that parental family‐to‐work conflict was negatively associated with their own depressive symptoms. The negative actor association of maternal family‐to‐work conflict and depressive symptoms was moderated by undermining coparenting. The partner effects of maternal family‐to‐work and work‐to‐family conflicts on paternal depressive symptoms were moderated by undermining coparenting. Moreover, supportive coparenting moderated the actor association of work‐to‐family conflict and the depressive symptoms of fathers. Results highlight the importance of family‐to‐work conflict and family function for parental depressive symptoms. These findings can help promote parental well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Relationships between neighborhood collective efficacy and adolescent suicidal ideation

INTRODUCTION

Until now, South Korean adolescent suicidal ideation literature has focused mainly on individual-level characteristics. Little is known about the contextual effects of social integration and social regulation on an individual's suicide behavior in South Korea as identified through the use of Durkheim's sociological insights. This study drew on Durkheim's suicide and collective efficacy theories and analyzed the effects of the structural characteristics and collective efficacy of neighborhoods on adolescents' suicidal ideation.

METHODS

The data analyzed was from three sources: the 2013 Korean National Survey of the Present Status of Children (n = 1,915; 50.41% girls; mean age = 13.04 years), government census data from the Korea Statistical Information System, and administrative data from the Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare. The Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model was used to investigate the effects of neighborhood structural characteristics and collective efficacy on adolescent suicidal ideation.

RESULTS

There were no significant associations between neighborhood characteristics such as concentrated poverty, divorce rate, and residential instability; however, adoles cents' perceptions of collective efficacy in neighborhoods was associated with lower suicidal ideation after accounting for individual adolescent differences.

CONCLUSION

The findings provide significant implications for the prevention of suicide in adolescents and suggest that enhancing the collective efficacy of neighborhoods through community-based intervention may be an important target of future suicide prevention strategies in South Korea.

A Parental Competence Scale: Dimensions and Their Association With Adolescent Outcomes

Positive family functioning during adolescence is usually studied analyzing parents' competences and children's relationship abilities. We present an instrument for the assessment of parental competence, which encompasses both educational style and transmission of values. The objective of the study was to analyze its factor structure and to assess its value in predicting adolescent outcomes. We recruited 2,459 high school students, aged 12–15, in 40 schools from Spain, Peru, Mexico, and Chile. They responded to the instrument and to other questions regarding lifestyles. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out in order to assess the internal structure of the instrument, and internal consistency of the resulting dimensions was calculated. Finally, regression analyses were performed to establish associations between the parenting dimensions and adolescent outcomes. Factor analyses showed a consistent structure, with good fit indices in the four countries. The final four factors include parenting styles (Warmth and Demandingness) and education in values (Fortitude and Privacy). Regression analyses showed associations with adolescent outcomes. For example, adolescents' life satisfaction was best predicted by Warmth and Education in fortitude. Practical implications are suggested.