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Kopeć M, Borek-Dorosz A, Jarczewska K, Barańska M, Abramczyk H. The role of cardiolipin and cytochrome c in mitochondrial metabolism of cancer cells determined by Raman imaging: in vitro study on the brain glioblastoma U-87 MG cell line. Analyst 2024; 149:2697-2708. [PMID: 38506099 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we present Raman imaging as a non-invasive approach for studying changes in mitochondrial metabolism caused by cardiolipin-cytochrome c interactions. We investigated the effect of mitochondrial dysregulation on cardiolipin (CL) and cytochrome c (Cyt c) interactions for a brain cancer cell line (U-87 MG). Mitochondrial metabolism was monitored by checking the intensities of the Raman bands at 750 cm-1, 1126 cm-1, 1310 cm-1, 1337 cm-1, 1444 cm-1 and 1584 cm-1. The presented results indicate that under pathological conditions, the content and redox status of Cyt c in mitochondria can be used as a Raman marker to characterize changes in cellular metabolism. This work provides evidence that cardiolipin-cytochrome c interactions are crucial for mitochondrial energy homeostasis by controlling the redox status of Cyt c in the electron transport chain, switching from disabling Cyt c reduction and enabling peroxidase activity. This paper provides experimental support for the hypothesis of how cardiolipin-cytochrome c interactions regulate electron transfer in the respiratory chain, apoptosis and mROS production in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kopeć
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Jarczewska
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Barańska
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Halina Abramczyk
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
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2
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Fei X, Du X, Wang J, Liu J, Gong Y, Zhao Z, Cao Z, Fu Q, Zhu Y, Dong L, Dong B, Pan J, Sun W, Xie S, Xue W. Precise diagnosis and risk stratification of prostate cancer by comprehensive serum metabolic fingerprints: a prediction model study. Int J Surg 2024; 110:1450-1462. [PMID: 38181121 PMCID: PMC10942223 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in men worldwide and has caused increasing clinical morbidity and mortality, making timely diagnosis and accurate staging crucial. The authors introduced a novel approach based on mass spectrometry for precise diagnosis and stratification of PCa to facilitate clinical decision-making. METHODS Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry analysis of trace blood samples was combined with machine learning algorithms to construct diagnostic and stratification models. A total of 367 subjects, comprising 181 with PCa and 186 with non-PCa were enrolled. Additional 60 subjects, comprising 30 with PCa and 30 with non-PCa were enrolled as an external cohort for validation. Subsequent metabolomic analysis was carried out using Autoflex MALDI-TOF, and the mass spectra were introduced into various algorithms to construct different models. RESULTS Serum metabolic fingerprints were successfully obtained from 181 patients with PCa and 186 patients with non-PCa. The diagnostic model based on the eight signals demonstrated a remarkable area under curve of 100% and was validated in the external cohort with the area under curve of 87.3%. Fifteen signals were selected for enrichment analysis, revealing the potential metabolic pathways that facilitate tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the stage prediction model with an overall accuracy of 85.9% precisely classified subjects with localized disease and those with metastasis. The risk stratification model, with an overall accuracy of 89.6%, precisely classified the subjects as low-risk and high-risk. CONCLUSIONS Our study facilitated the timely diagnosis and risk stratification of PCa and provided new insights into the underlying mechanisms of metabolic alterations in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zejun Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Zhibin Cao
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qibo Fu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | - Wenshe Sun
- Department of Urology, Jiading District Central Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai
| | - Shaowei Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
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3
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Kesel AJ. Novel Antineoplastic Inducers of Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:914. [PMID: 38398665 PMCID: PMC10892984 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
I propose a new strategy to suppress human cancer completely with two entirely new drug compounds exploiting cancer's Warburg effect characterized by a defective mitochondrial aerobic respiration, substituted by cytosolic aerobic fermentation/glycolysis of D-(+)-glucose into L-(+)-lactic acid. The two essentially new drugs, compound 1 [P(op)T(est)162] and compound 3 (PT167), represent new highly symmetric, four-bladed propeller-shaped polyammonium cations. The in vitro antineoplastic highly efficacious drug compound 3 represents a covalent combination of compound 1 and compound 2 (PT166). The intermediate drug compound 2 is an entirely new colchic(in)oid derivative synthesized from colchicine. Compound 2's structure was determined using X-ray crystallography. Compound 1 and compound 3 were active in vitro versus 60 human cancer cell lines of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP) 60-cancer cell testing. Compound 1 and compound 3 not only stop the growth of cancer cells to ±0% (cancerostatic effect) but completely kill nearly all 60 cancer cells to a level of almost -100% (tumoricidal effect). Compound 1 and compound 3 induce mitochondrial apoptosis (under cytochrome c release) in all cancer cells tested by (re)activating (in most cancers impaired) p53 function, which results in a decrease in cancer's dysregulated cyclin D1 and an induction of the cell cycle-halting cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Waf1/p21Cip1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas J Kesel
- Independent Researcher, Chammünsterstr. 47, D-81827 München, Bavaria, Germany
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4
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Krieger AC, Macias LA, Goodman JC, Brodbelt JS, Eberlin LS. Mass Spectrometry Imaging Reveals Abnormalities in Cardiolipin Composition and Distribution in Astrocytoma Tumor Tissues. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2842. [PMID: 37345179 PMCID: PMC10216144 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondrial lipid with diverse roles in cellular respiration, signaling, and organelle membrane structure. CL content and composition are essential for proper mitochondrial function. Deranged mitochondrial energy production and signaling are key components of glial cell cancers and altered CL molecular species have been observed in mouse brain glial cell xenograft tumors. The objective of this study was to describe CL structural diversity trends in human astrocytoma tumors of varying grades and correlate these trends with histological regions within the heterogeneous astrocytoma microenvironment. To this aim, we applied desorption electrospray ionization coupled with high field asymmetric ion mobility mass spectrometry (DESI-FAIMS-MS) to map CL molecular species in human normal cortex (N = 29), lower-grade astrocytoma (N = 19), and glioblastoma (N = 28) tissues. With this platform, we detected 46 CL species and 12 monolysocardiolipin species from normal cortex samples. CL profiles detected from glioblastoma tissues lacked diversity and abundance of longer chain polyunsaturated fatty acid containing CL species when compared to CL detected from normal and lower-grade tumors. CL profiles correlated with trends in tumor viability and tumor infiltration. Structural characterization of the CL species by tandem MS experiments revealed differences in fatty acid and double bond isomer composition among astrocytoma tissues compared with normal cortex and glioblastoma tissues. The GlioVis platform was used to analyze astrocytoma gene expression data from the CGGA dataset. Decreased expression of several mitochondrial respiratory enzyme encoding-genes was observed for higher-grade versus lower-grade tumors, however no significant difference was observed for cardiolipin synthesis enzyme CRLS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Krieger
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Luis A. Macias
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - J. Clay Goodman
- Departments of Pathology & Immunology and Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Livia S. Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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5
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Mehta A, Ratre YK, Soni VK, Shukla D, Sonkar SC, Kumar A, Vishvakarma NK. Orchestral role of lipid metabolic reprogramming in T-cell malignancy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1122789. [PMID: 37256177 PMCID: PMC10226149 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1122789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune function of normal T cells partially depends on the maneuvering of lipid metabolism through various stages and subsets. Interestingly, T-cell malignancies also reprogram their lipid metabolism to fulfill bioenergetic demand for rapid division. The rewiring of lipid metabolism in T-cell malignancies not only provides survival benefits but also contributes to their stemness, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Owing to distinctive lipid metabolic programming in T-cell cancer, quantitative, qualitative, and spatial enrichment of specific lipid molecules occur. The formation of lipid rafts rich in cholesterol confers physical strength and sustains survival signals. The accumulation of lipids through de novo synthesis and uptake of free lipids contribute to the bioenergetic reserve required for robust demand during migration and metastasis. Lipid storage in cells leads to the formation of specialized structures known as lipid droplets. The inimitable changes in fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) are in dynamic balance in T-cell malignancies. FAO fuels the molecular pumps causing chemoresistance, while FAS offers structural and signaling lipids for rapid division. Lipid metabolism in T-cell cancer provides molecules having immunosuppressive abilities. Moreover, the distinctive composition of membrane lipids has implications for immune evasion by malignant cells of T-cell origin. Lipid droplets and lipid rafts are contributors to maintaining hallmarks of cancer in malignancies of T cells. In preclinical settings, molecular targeting of lipid metabolism in T-cell cancer potentiates the antitumor immunity and chemotherapeutic response. Thus, the direct and adjunct benefit of lipid metabolic targeting is expected to improve the clinical management of T-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Mehta
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar Ratre
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - Dhananjay Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Subhash C. Sonkar
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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6
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Bautista JS, Falabella M, Flannery PJ, Hanna MG, Heales SJ, Pope SA, Pitceathly RD. Advances in methods to analyse cardiolipin and their clinical applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022; 157:116808. [PMID: 36751553 PMCID: PMC7614147 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondria-exclusive phospholipid, primarily localised within the inner mitochondrial membrane, that plays an essential role in mitochondrial architecture and function. Aberrant CL content, structure, and localisation have all been linked to impaired mitochondrial activity and are observed in the pathophysiology of cancer and neurological, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders. The detection, quantification, and localisation of CL species is a valuable tool to investigate mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning several human disorders. CL is measured using liquid chromatography, usually combined with mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry imaging, shotgun lipidomics, ion mobility spectrometry, fluorometry, and radiolabelling. This review summarises available methods to analyse CL, with a particular focus on modern mass spectrometry, and evaluates their advantages and limitations. We provide guidance aimed at selecting the most appropriate technique, or combination of techniques, when analysing CL in different model systems, and highlight the clinical contexts in which measuring CL is relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier S. Bautista
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Micol Falabella
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Padraig J. Flannery
- Neurometabolic Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK,Neurogenetics Unit, Rare and Inherited Disease Laboratory, North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, London, UK
| | - Michael G. Hanna
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK,NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Queen Square Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Simon J.R. Heales
- Neurometabolic Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK,NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Queen Square Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK,Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Simon A.S. Pope
- Neurometabolic Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK,Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Robert D.S. Pitceathly
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK,NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Queen Square Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK, Corresponding author. Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. (R.D.S. Pitceathly)
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7
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O’Neill KC, Liapis E, Harris BT, Perlin DS, Carter CL. Mass spectrometry imaging discriminates glioblastoma tumor cell subpopulations and different microvascular formations based on their lipid profiles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17069. [PMID: 36224354 PMCID: PMC9556690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a prevalent malignant brain tumor and despite clinical intervention, tumor recurrence is frequent and usually fatal. Genomic investigations have provided a greater understanding of molecular heterogeneity in glioblastoma, yet there are still no curative treatments, and the prognosis has remained unchanged. The aggressive nature of glioblastoma is attributed to the heterogeneity in tumor cell subpopulations and aberrant microvascular proliferation. Ganglioside-directed immunotherapy and membrane lipid therapy have shown efficacy in the treatment of glioblastoma. To truly harness these novel therapeutics and develop a regimen that improves clinical outcome, a greater understanding of the altered lipidomic profiles within the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment is urgently needed. In this work, high resolution mass spectrometry imaging was utilized to investigate lipid heterogeneity in human glioblastoma samples. Data presented offers the first insight into the histology-specific accumulation of lipids involved in cell metabolism and signaling. Cardiolipins, phosphatidylinositol, ceramide-1-phosphate, and gangliosides, including the glioblastoma stem cell marker, GD3, were shown to differentially accumulate in tumor and endothelial cell subpopulations. Conversely, a reduction in sphingomyelins and sulfatides were detected in tumor cell regions. Cellular accumulation for each lipid class was dependent upon their fatty acid residue composition, highlighting the importance of understanding lipid structure-function relationships. Discriminating ions were identified and correlated to histopathology and Ki67 proliferation index. These results identified multiple lipids within the glioblastoma microenvironment that warrant further investigation for the development of predictive biomarkers and lipid-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C. O’Neill
- grid.429392.70000 0004 6010 5947Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA
| | - Evangelos Liapis
- grid.429392.70000 0004 6010 5947Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA
| | - Brent T. Harris
- grid.411667.30000 0001 2186 0438Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20007 USA
| | - David S. Perlin
- grid.429392.70000 0004 6010 5947Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA ,grid.429392.70000 0004 6010 5947Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA
| | - Claire L. Carter
- grid.429392.70000 0004 6010 5947Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA ,grid.429392.70000 0004 6010 5947Department of Pathology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110 USA
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8
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Unravelling Prostate Cancer Heterogeneity Using Spatial Approaches to Lipidomics and Transcriptomics. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071702. [PMID: 35406474 PMCID: PMC8997139 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer is a heterogenous disease in terms of disease aggressiveness and therapy response, leading to dilemmas in treatment decisions. This heterogeneity reflects the multifocal nature of prostate cancer and its diversity in cellular and molecular composition, necessitating spatial molecular approaches. Here in view of the emerging importance of rewired lipid metabolism as a source of biomarkers and therapeutic targets for prostate cancer, we highlight recent advancements in technologies that enable the spatial mapping of lipids and related metabolic pathways associated with prostate cancer development and progression. We also evaluate their potential for future implementation in treatment decision-making in the clinical management of prostate cancer. Abstract Due to advances in the detection and management of prostate cancer over the past 20 years, most cases of localised disease are now potentially curable by surgery or radiotherapy, or amenable to active surveillance without treatment. However, this has given rise to a new dilemma for disease management; the inability to distinguish indolent from lethal, aggressive forms of prostate cancer, leading to substantial overtreatment of some patients and delayed intervention for others. Driving this uncertainty is the critical deficit of novel targets for systemic therapy and of validated biomarkers that can inform treatment decision-making and to select and monitor therapy. In part, this lack of progress reflects the inherent challenge of undertaking target and biomarker discovery in clinical prostate tumours, which are cellularly heterogeneous and multifocal, necessitating the use of spatial analytical approaches. In this review, the principles of mass spectrometry-based lipid imaging and complementary gene-based spatial omics technologies, their application to prostate cancer and recent advancements in these technologies are considered. We put in perspective studies that describe spatially-resolved lipid maps and metabolic genes that are associated with prostate tumours compared to benign tissue and increased risk of disease progression, with the aim of evaluating the future implementation of spatial lipidomics and complementary transcriptomics for prognostication, target identification and treatment decision-making for prostate cancer.
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9
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Duraj T, Carrión-Navarro J, Seyfried TN, García-Romero N, Ayuso-Sacido A. Metabolic therapy and bioenergetic analysis: The missing piece of the puzzle. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101389. [PMID: 34749013 PMCID: PMC8637646 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant metabolism is recognized as a hallmark of cancer, a pillar necessary for cellular proliferation. Regarding bioenergetics (ATP generation), most cancers display a preference not only toward aerobic glycolysis ("Warburg effect") and glutaminolysis (mitochondrial substrate level-phosphorylation) but also toward other metabolites such as lactate, pyruvate, and fat-derived sources. These secondary metabolites can assist in proliferation but cannot fully cover ATP demands. SCOPE OF REVIEW The concept of a static metabolic profile is challenged by instances of heterogeneity and flexibility to meet fuel/anaplerotic demands. Although metabolic therapies are a promising tool to improve therapeutic outcomes, either via pharmacological targets or press-pulse interventions, metabolic plasticity is rarely considered. Lack of bioenergetic analysis in vitro and patient-derived models is hindering translational potential. Here, we review the bioenergetics of cancer and propose a simple analysis of major metabolic pathways, encompassing both affordable and advanced techniques. A comprehensive compendium of Seahorse XF bioenergetic measurements is presented for the first time. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Standardization of principal readouts might help researchers to collect a complete metabolic picture of cancer using the most appropriate methods depending on the sample of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Duraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), CEU San Pablo University, 28668, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Josefa Carrión-Navarro
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain; Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Thomas N Seyfried
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
| | - Noemí García-Romero
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain; Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Angel Ayuso-Sacido
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain; Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Curcumin and Carnosic Acid Cooperate to Inhibit Proliferation and Alter Mitochondrial Function of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101591. [PMID: 34679726 PMCID: PMC8533243 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer activities of plant polyphenols have been demonstrated in various models of neoplasia. However, evidence obtained in numerous in vitro studies indicates that proliferation arrest and/or killing of cancer cells require quite high micromolar concentrations of polyphenols that are difficult to reach in vivo and can also be (geno)toxic to at least some types of normal cells. The ability of certain polyphenols to synergize with one another at low concentrations can be used as a promising strategy to effectively treat human malignancies. We have recently reported that curcumin and carnosic acid applied at non-cytotoxic concentrations synergistically cooperate to induce massive apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells, but not in normal hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, via sustained cytosolic calcium overload. Here, we show that the two polyphenols can also synergistically suppress the growth of DU145 and PC-3 metastatic prostate cancer cell cultures. However, instead of cell killing, the combined treatment induced a marked inhibition of cell proliferation associated with G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. This was preceded by transient elevation of cytosolic calcium levels and prolonged dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, without generating oxidative stress, and was associated with defective oxidative phosphorylation encompassing mitochondrial dysfunction. The above effects were concomitant with a significant downregulation of mRNA and protein expression of the oncogenic kinase SGK1, the mitochondria-hosted mTOR component. In addition, a moderate decrease in SGK1 phosphorylation at Ser422 was observed in polyphenol-treated cells. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin produced a similar reduction in SGK1 mRNA and protein levels as well as phosphorylation. Collectively, our findings suggest that the combination of curcumin and carnosic acid at potentially bioavailable concentrations may effectively target different types of cancer cells by distinct modes of action. This and similar combinations merit further exploration as an anticancer modality.
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11
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Otto-Ślusarczyk D, Mielczarek-Puta M, Graboń W. The Real Cytotoxic Effect of Artemisinins on Colon Cancer Cells in a Physiological Cell Culture Setting. How Composition of the Culture Medium Biases Experimental Findings. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100976. [PMID: 34681200 PMCID: PMC8540140 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin (ART) and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) are anti-malaria drugs but also exhibit huge anticancer potential based on ferroptosis driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. This study was conducted on primary (SW480), metastatic (SW620) colon cancer, and noncancerous HaCaT cells at pharmacologically relevant drug concentrations (1-8 µM) and in the presence of holotransferrin (TRFi 50 µM) and linoleic acid (LA 20, 40 µM) at physiological levels. ART and DHA showed the growth inhibitory potency which was significantly increased in the presence of LA or/and TRFi. The IC50 for ART or DHA, LA40 and TRFi combination in both cancer cell lines ranged 0.14-0.69 µM whereas no cytotoxic effect was observed for HaCaT cells (SI = 202-480). Almost all experimental settings revealed late apoptosis in both cancer cell lines, but not in normal cells. The percentage of late apoptotic cells increased with LA concentrations and was intensified after TRFi addition. The strongest pro-apoptic effect was exhibited by ART or DHA, LA40, and TRFi combination. More interestingly, we found a stimulatory effect of TRFi on IL-6 synthesis. The present study using LA and TRFi which are inherent blood components revealed high antitumor artemisinin activity in concentrations achievable after drug administration to cancer patients without toxic effects on normal cells.
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12
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Byeon SK, Khanam R, Rahman S, Hasan T, Rizvi SJR, Madugundu AK, Ramarajan MG, Jung JH, Chowdhury NH, Ahmed S, Raqib R, Kim KP, Piazza AL, Rinaldo P, Pandey A, Baqui AH, Amanhi Bio-Banking Study Group. Maternal serum lipidomics identifies lysophosphatidic acid as a predictor of small for gestational age neonates. Mol Omics 2021; 17:956-966. [PMID: 34519752 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00131k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To discover lipidomic alterations during pregnancy in mothers who subsequently delivered small for gestational age (SGA) neonates and identify predictive lipid markers that can help recognize and manage these mothers, we carried out untargeted lipidomics on maternal serum samples collected between 24-28 weeks of gestation. We used a nested case-control study design and serum from mothers who delivered SGA and appropriate for gestational age babies. We applied untargeted lipidomics using mass spectrometry to characterize lipids and discover changes associated with SGA births during pregnancy. Multivariate pattern recognition software Collaborative Laboratory Integrated Reports (CLIR) was used for the post-analytical recognition of range differences in lipid ratios that could differentiate between SGA and control mothers and their integration for complete separation between the two groups. Here, we report changes in lipids from serum collected during pregnancy in mothers who delivered SGA neonates. In contrast to normal pregnancies where lysophosphatidic acid increased over the course of the pregnancy owing to increased activity of lysophospholipase D, we observed a decrease (32%; P = 0.05) of 20:4-lysophosphatidic acid in SGA mothers, which could potentially compromise fetal growth and development. Integration of lipid ratios in an interpretive tool (CLIR) could completely separate SGA mothers from controls demonstrating the power of untargeted lipidomic analyses for identifying novel predictive biomarkers. Additional studies are required for further assessment of the lipid biomarkers identified in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Kee Byeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. .,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rasheda Khanam
- International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | | | - Tarik Hasan
- Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Anil K Madugundu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. .,Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560006, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.,Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Madan Gopal Ramarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. .,Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560006, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Jae Hun Jung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. .,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea
| | | | | | - Rubhana Raqib
- Division of Infectious Diseases, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea
| | - Amy L Piazza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Piero Rinaldo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. .,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Abdullah H Baqui
- International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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13
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Oemer G, Koch J, Wohlfarter Y, Alam MT, Lackner K, Sailer S, Neumann L, Lindner HH, Watschinger K, Haltmeier M, Werner ER, Zschocke J, Keller MA. Phospholipid Acyl Chain Diversity Controls the Tissue-Specific Assembly of Mitochondrial Cardiolipins. Cell Rep 2021; 30:4281-4291.e4. [PMID: 32209484 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a phospholipid specific for mitochondrial membranes and crucial for many core tasks of this organelle. Its acyl chain configurations are tissue specific, functionally important, and generated via post-biosynthetic remodeling. However, this process lacks the necessary specificity to explain CL diversity, which is especially evident for highly specific CL compositions in mammalian tissues. To investigate the so far elusive regulatory origin of CL homeostasis in mice, we combine lipidomics, integrative transcriptomics, and data-driven machine learning. We demonstrate that not transcriptional regulation, but cellular phospholipid compositions are closely linked to the tissue specificity of CL patterns allowing artificial neural networks to precisely predict cross-tissue CL compositions in a consistent mechanistic specificity rationale. This is especially relevant for the interpretation of disease-related perturbations of CL homeostasis, by allowing differentiation between specific aberrations in CL metabolism and changes caused by global alterations in cellular (phospho-)lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Oemer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob Koch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yvonne Wohlfarter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mohammad T Alam
- Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
| | - Katharina Lackner
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabrina Sailer
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Neumann
- Department of Basic Sciences in Engineering Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert H Lindner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katrin Watschinger
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Haltmeier
- Department of Mathematics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ernst R Werner
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus A Keller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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14
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Randolph CE, Shenault DM, Blanksby SJ, McLuckey SA. Localization of Carbon-Carbon Double Bond and Cyclopropane Sites in Cardiolipins via Gas-Phase Charge Inversion Reactions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:455-464. [PMID: 33370110 PMCID: PMC8557092 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipins (CLs) are comprised of two phosphatic acid moieties bound to a central glycerol backbone and are substituted with four acyl chains. Consequently, a vast number of distinct CL structures are possible in different biological contexts, representing a significant analytical challenge. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has become a widely used approach for the detection, characterization, and quantitation of complex lipids, including CLs. Central to this approach is fragmentation of the [CLs - H]- or [CL - 2H]2- anions by collision-induced dissociation (CID). Product ions in the resulting tandem mass spectra confirm the CL subclass assignment and reveal the numbers of carbons and degrees of unsaturation in each of the acyl chains. Conventional CID, however, affords limited structural elucidation of the fatty acyl chains, failing to discriminate isomers arising from different site(s) of unsaturation or cyclopropanation and potentially obscuring their metabolic origins. Here, we report the application of charge inversion ion/ion chemistry in the gas phase to enhance the structural elucidation of CLs. Briefly, CID of [CL - H]2- anions generated via negative ion ESI allowed for the assignment of individual fatty acyl substituents and phosphatidic acid moieties. Next, gas-phase derivatization of the resulting CL product ions, including fatty acyl carboxylate anions, was effected with gas-phase ion/ion charge inversion reactions with tris-phenanthroline magnesium reagent dications. Subsequent isolation and activation of the charge-inverted fatty acyl complex cations permitted the localization of both carbon-carbon double bond and cyclopropane motifs within each of the four acyl chains of CLs. This approach was applied to the de novo elucidation of unknown CLs in a biological extract revealing distinct isomeric populations and regiochemical relationships between double bonds and carbocyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. Randolph
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
| | | | - Stephen J. Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Scott A. McLuckey
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
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15
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Makrecka-Kuka M, Dimitrijevs P, Domracheva I, Jaudzems K, Dambrova M, Arsenyan P. Fused isoselenazolium salts suppress breast cancer cell growth by dramatic increase in pyruvate-dependent mitochondrial ROS production. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21595. [PMID: 33299068 PMCID: PMC7725824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of targeted drugs for the treatment of cancer remains an unmet medical need. This study was designed to investigate the mechanism underlying breast cancer cell growth suppression caused by fused isoselenazolium salts. The ability to suppress the proliferation of malignant and normal cells in vitro as well as the effect on NAD homeostasis (NAD+, NADH, and NMN levels), NAMPT inhibition and mitochondrial functionality were studied. The interactions of positively charged isoselenazolium salts with the negatively charged mitochondrial membrane model were assessed. Depending on the molecular structure, fused isoselenazolium salts display nanomolar to high micromolar cytotoxicities against MCF-7 and 4T1 breast tumor cell lines. The studied compounds altered NMN, NAD+, and NADH levels and the NAD+/NADH ratio. Mitochondrial functionality experiments showed that fused isoselenazolium salts inhibit pyruvate-dependent respiration but do not directly affect complex I of the electron transfer system. Moreover, the tested compounds induce an immediate dramatic increase in the production of reactive oxygen species. In addition, the isoselenazolothiazolium derivative selectively binds to cardiolipin in a liposomal model. Isoselenazolium salts may be a promising platform for the development of potent drug candidates for anticancer therapy that impact mitochondrial pyruvate-dependent metabolism in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavels Dimitrijevs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga, 1006, Latvia.,Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, Riga, 1007, Latvia
| | - Ilona Domracheva
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga, 1006, Latvia
| | - Kristaps Jaudzems
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga, 1006, Latvia
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga, 1006, Latvia.,Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, Riga, 1007, Latvia
| | - Pavel Arsenyan
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga, 1006, Latvia.
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16
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Ahmadpour ST, Mahéo K, Servais S, Brisson L, Dumas JF. Cardiolipin, the Mitochondrial Signature Lipid: Implication in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8031. [PMID: 33126604 PMCID: PMC7662448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipins (CLs) are specific phospholipids of the mitochondria composing about 20% of the inner mitochondria membrane (IMM) phospholipid mass. Dysregulation of CL metabolism has been observed in several types of cancer. In most cases, the evidence for a role for CL in cancer is merely correlative, suggestive, ambiguous, and cancer-type dependent. In addition, CLs could play a pivotal role in several mitochondrial functions/parameters such as bioenergetics, dynamics, mitophagy, and apoptosis, which are involved in key steps of cancer aggressiveness (i.e., migration/invasion and resistance to treatment). Therefore, this review focuses on studies suggesting that changes in CL content and/or composition, as well as CL metabolism enzyme levels, may be linked with the progression and the aggressiveness of some types of cancer. Finally, we also introduce the main mitochondrial function in which CL could play a pivotal role with a special focus on its implication in cancer development and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jean-François Dumas
- Université de Tours, Inserm, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer UMR1069, 37032 Tours, France; (S.T.A.); (K.M.); (S.S.); (L.B.)
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17
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Peng Z, Chang Y, Fan J, Ji W, Su C. Phospholipase A2 superfamily in cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 497:165-177. [PMID: 33080311 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 enzymes (PLA2s) comprise a superfamily that is generally divided into six subfamilies known as cytosolic PLA2s (cPLA2s), calcium-independent PLA2s (iPLA2s), secreted PLA2s (sPLA2s), lysosomal PLA2s, platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolases, and adipose specific PLA2s. Each subfamily consists of several isozymes that possess PLA2 activity. The first three PLA2 subfamilies play important roles in inflammation-related diseases and cancer. In this review, the roles of well-studied enzymes sPLA2-IIA, cPLA2α and iPLA2β in carcinogenesis and cancer development were discussed. sPLA2-IIA seems to play conflicting roles and can act as a tumor suppressor or a tumor promoter according to the cancer type, but cPLA2α and iPLA2β play protumorigenic role in most cancers. The mechanisms of PLA2-mediated signal transduction and crosstalk between cancer cells and endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment are described. Moreover, the mechanisms by which PLA2s mediate lipid reprogramming and glycerophospholipid remodeling in cancer cells are illustrated. PLA2s as the upstream regulators of the arachidonic acid cascade are generally high expressed and activated in various cancers. Therefore, they can be considered as potential pharmacological targets and biomarkers in cancer. The detailed information summarized in this review may aid in understanding the roles of PLA2s in cancer, and provide new clues for the development of novel agents and strategies for tumor prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangxiao Peng
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Yanxin Chang
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery IV, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Jianhui Fan
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Weidan Ji
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Changqing Su
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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18
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Randolph CE, Blanksby SJ, McLuckey SA. Enhancing detection and characterization of lipids using charge manipulation in electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 232:104970. [PMID: 32890498 PMCID: PMC7606777 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heightened awareness regarding the implication of disturbances in lipid metabolism with respect to prevalent human-related pathologies demands analytical techniques that provide unambiguous structural characterization and accurate quantitation of lipids in complex biological samples. The diversity in molecular structures of lipids along with their wide range of concentrations in biological matrices present formidable analytical challenges. Modern mass spectrometry (MS) offers an unprecedented level of analytical power in lipid analysis, as many advancements in the field of lipidomics have been facilitated through novel applications of and developments in electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). ESI allows for the formation of intact lipid ions with little to no fragmentation and has become widely used in contemporary lipidomics experiments due to its sensitivity, reproducibility, and compatibility with condensed-phase modes of separation, such as liquid chromatography (LC). Owing to variations in lipid functional groups, ESI enables partial chemical separation of the lipidome, yet the preferred ion-type is not always formed, impacting lipid detection, characterization, and quantitation. Moreover, conventional ESI-MS/MS approaches often fail to expose diverse subtle structural features like the sites of unsaturation in fatty acyl constituents or acyl chain regiochemistry along the glycerol backbone, representing a significant challenge for ESI-MS/MS. To overcome these shortcomings, various charge manipulation strategies, including charge-switching, have been developed to transform ion-type and charge state, with aims of increasing sensitivity and selectivity of ESI-MS/MS approaches. Importantly, charge manipulation approaches afford enhanced ionization efficiency, improved mixture analysis performance, and access to informative fragmentation channels. Herein, we present a critical review of the current suite of solution-based and gas-phase strategies for the manipulation of lipid ion charge and type relevant to ESI-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Randolph
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Scott A McLuckey
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA.
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19
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Randolph CE, Fabijanczuk KC, Blanksby SJ, McLuckey SA. Proton Transfer Reactions for the Gas-Phase Separation, Concentration, and Identification of Cardiolipins. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10847-10855. [PMID: 32639138 PMCID: PMC7490759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) analysis demands high specificity, due to the extensive diversity of CL structures, and high sensitivity, due to their low relative abundance within the lipidome. While electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is the most widely used technology in lipidomics, the potential for multiple charging presents unique challenges for CL identification and quantification. Depending on the conditions, ESI-MS of lipid extracts in negative ion mode can give rise to cardiolipins ionized as both singly and doubly deprotonated anions. This signal degeneracy diminishes the signal-to-noise ratio, while in addition (for direct infusion), the dianion population falls within a m/z range already heavily congested with monoanions from more abundant glycerophospholipid subclasses. Herein, we describe a direct infusion strategy for CL profiling from total lipid extracts utilizing gas-phase proton-transfer ion/ion reactions. In this approach, lipid extracts are ionized by negative ion ESI generating both singly deprotonated phospholipids and doubly deprotonated CL anions. Charge reduction of the negative ion population by ion/ion reactions leads to an enhancement in singly deprotonated [CL - H]- species via proton transfer to the corresponding [CL - 2H]2-̅ dianions. To concentrate the [CL - H]- anion signal, multiple iterations of ion accumulation and proton-transfer ion/ion reaction can be performed prior to subsequent interrogation. Mass selection and collisional activation of the enriched population of [CL - H]- anions facilitates the assignment of individual fatty acyl substituents and phosphatidic acid moieties. Demonstrated advantages of this new approach derive from the improved performance in complex mixture analysis affording detailed characterization of low abundant CLs directly from a total biological extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. Randolph
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
| | | | - Stephen J. Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Scott A. McLuckey
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
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20
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Huang LS, Kotha SR, Avasarala S, VanScoyk M, Winn RA, Pennathur A, Yashaswini PS, Bandela M, Salgia R, Tyurina YY, Kagan VE, Zhu X, Reddy SP, Sudhadevi T, Punathil-Kannan PK, Harijith A, Ramchandran R, Bikkavilli RK, Natarajan V. Lysocardiolipin acyltransferase regulates NSCLC cell proliferation and migration by modulating mitochondrial dynamics. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13393-13406. [PMID: 32732285 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysocardiolipin acyltransferase (LYCAT), a cardiolipin (CL)-remodeling enzyme, is crucial for maintaining normal mitochondrial function and vascular development. Despite the well-characterized role for LYCAT in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics, its involvement in lung cancer, if any, remains incompletely understood. In this study, in silico analysis of TCGA lung cancer data sets revealed a significant increase in LYCAT expression, which was later corroborated in human lung cancer tissues and immortalized lung cancer cell lines via indirect immunofluorescence and immunoblotting, respectively. Stable knockdown of LYCAT in NSCLC cell lines not only reduced CL and increased monolyso-CL levels but also reduced in vivo tumor growth, as determined by xenograft studies in athymic nude mice. Furthermore, blocking LYCAT activity using a LYCAT mimetic peptide attenuated cell migration, suggesting a novel role for LYCAT activity in promoting NSCLC. Mechanistically, the pro-proliferative effects of LYCAT were mediated by an increase in mitochondrial fusion and a G1/S cell cycle transition, both of which are linked to increased cell proliferation. Taken together, these results demonstrate a novel role for LYCAT in promoting NSCLC and suggest that targeting LYCAT expression or activity in NSCLC may provide new avenues for the therapeutic treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shuang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sainath R Kotha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Michelle VanScoyk
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert A Winn
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Arjun Pennathur
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Mounica Bandela
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, I. M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sekhar P Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tara Sudhadevi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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21
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Ha X, Wang J, Chen K, Deng Y, Zhang X, Feng J, Li X, Zhu J, Ma Y, Qiu T, Wang C, Xie J, Zhang J. Free Fatty Acids Promote the Development of Prostate Cancer by Upregulating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:1355-1369. [PMID: 32158268 PMCID: PMC7048952 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s236301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction As one of the most common forms of cancer that threatens men's health, prostate cancer (PCa) is under a trend of increasing morbidity and mortality in most countries. More and more studies have pointed out that obesity is closely linked to the occurrence and development of PCa, although there are still many undiscovered molecular mechanisms between the two. Methods In the present study, we compare serum lipid levels in patients with PCa and normal individuals. PCa cells (PC3 and 22RV1) were cultured in vitro, the TC/TG/HDL/GLU assay kit was used to detect the glucose and lipid metabolism level of PCa cells, the flow cytometry technique was used to detect the proliferation ability of PCa cells, and the Transwell was used to detect the invasion and migration ability of PCa cells. Western blot/quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and vimentin/vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression levels, and immunohistochemistry was used to observe tumor-associated gene expression levels in nude mice. All data were analysed using the Independent samples t-test or rank sum test. Results We found higher levels of FFA in the serum of patients with PCa. In vitro experiments have demonstrated that high levels of FFA can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of two PCa cells (PC3 and 22RV1) and affect the energy metabolism of PCa cells. The upregulated PPARγ plays a key role in this process, and vimentin may be involved in this signaling pathway. Conclusion We infer that high levels of FFA may promote PCa development by upregulating PPARγ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Ha
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhou Wang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Keru Chen
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchun Deng
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Feng
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghua Ma
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Qiu
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuizhe Wang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Xie
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, People's Republic of China
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22
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Abstract
Excess adiposity is a risk factor for several cancer types. This is likely due to complex mechanisms including alterations in the lipid milieu that plays a pivotal role in multiple aspects of carcinogenesis. Here we consider the direct role of lipids in regulating well-known hallmarks of cancer. Furthermore, we suggest that obesity-associated remodelling of membranes and organelles drives cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Identification of cancer-related lipid-mediated mechanisms amongst the broad metabolic disturbances due to excess adiposity is central to the identification of novel and more efficacious prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Molendijk
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, 4006, Australia.
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23
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Dimitrijevs P, Domracheva I, Arsenyan P. Improved method for the preparation of nonyl acridine orange analogues and utilization in detection of cardiolipin. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02116d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to develop a fast and convenient methodology for the preparation of 10-nonyl acridine orange (NAO) and its silyl analogues to improve their photo-physical properties for the detection and quantification of cardiolipin (CL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavels Dimitrijevs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis
- Riga
- Latvia
- Riga Stradins University
- Riga
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24
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Proliferation of C6 glioma cells requires the phospholipid remodeling enzyme tafazzin independent of cardiolipin composition. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158596. [PMID: 31884050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial phospholipid (CL) has been linked to mitochondrial and cellular functions. It has been postulated that the composition of CL is of impact for mitochondrial energy metabolism and cell proliferation. Although a correlation between CL composition and proliferation could be demonstrated for several cell types, evidence for a causal relationship remains obscure. Here, we applied two independent approaches, i) supplementation of fatty acids and ii) knock-out of the phospholipid remodeling enzyme tafazzin, to manipulate CL composition and analyzed the response on proliferation of C6 glioma cells. Both strategies caused substantial changes in the distribution of cellular fatty acids as well as in the distribution of fatty acids incorporated in CL that were accompanied by changes of the composition of molecular CL species. These changes did not correlate with cell proliferation. However, knock-out of tafazzin caused dramatic reduction in proliferation of C6 glioma cells independent of CL composition. The mechanism of tafazzin-dependent restriction of proliferation remains unclear. Among the various fatty acids administered only palmitic acid restricted cell proliferation by induction of cell death.
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25
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Panigrahi DP, Praharaj PP, Bhol CS, Mahapatra KK, Patra S, Behera BP, Mishra SR, Bhutia SK. The emerging, multifaceted role of mitophagy in cancer and cancer therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 66:45-58. [PMID: 31351198 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process which selectively eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria by targeting them to the autophagosome for degradation. Dysregulated mitophagy results in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, which plays an important role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The role of mitophagy receptors and adaptors including PINK1, Parkin, BNIP3, BNIP3L/NIX, and p62/SQSTM1, and the signaling pathways that govern mitophagy are impaired in cancer. Furthermore, the contribution of mitophagy in regulating the metabolic switch may establish a balance between aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation for cancer cell survival. Moreover, ROS-driven mitophagy achieves different goals depending on the stage of tumorigenesis. Mitophagy promotes plasticity in the cancer stem cell through the metabolic reconfiguration for better adaption to the tumor microenvironment. In addition, the present review sheds some light on the role of mitophagy in stemness and differentiation during the transition of cell's fate, which could have a crucial role in cancer progression and metastasis. In conclusion, this review deals with the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying mitophagy, along with highlighting the dual role of mitophagy in different aspects of cancer, suggesting it as a possible target in the mitophagy-modulated cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasna P Panigrahi
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Prakash P Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Chandra S Bhol
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Kewal K Mahapatra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Bishnu P Behera
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Soumya R Mishra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
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26
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Mitophagy in Cancer: A Tale of Adaptation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050493. [PMID: 31121959 PMCID: PMC6562743 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
:In the past years, we have learnt that tumors co-evolve with their microenvironment, and that the active interaction between cancer cells and stromal cells plays a pivotal role in cancer initiation, progression and treatment response. Among the players involved, the pathways regulating mitochondrial functions have been shown to be crucial for both cancer and stromal cells. This is perhaps not surprising, considering that mitochondria in both cancerous and non-cancerous cells are decisive for vital metabolic and bioenergetic functions and to elicit cell death. The central part played by mitochondria also implies the existence of stringent mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, where a specialized autophagy pathway (mitophagy) ensures the selective removal of damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria. Although the molecular underpinnings of mitophagy regulation in mammalian cells remain incomplete, it is becoming clear that mitophagy pathways are intricately linked to the metabolic rewiring of cancer cells to support the high bioenergetic demand of the tumor. In this review, after a brief introduction of the main mitophagy regulators operating in mammalian cells, we discuss emerging cell autonomous roles of mitochondria quality control in cancer onset and progression. We also discuss the relevance of mitophagy in the cellular crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment and in anti-cancer therapy responses.
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27
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Mielczarek-Puta M, Otto-Ślusarczyk D, Chrzanowska A, Filipek A, Graboń W. Telmisartan Influences the Antiproliferative Activity of Linoleic Acid in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:98-109. [PMID: 31094234 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1613552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Linoleic acid (LA) and telmisartan as PPARgamma agonists exhibit anticancer activity. The LA effect is observed for high non-achievable in vivo concentrations and in short treatment period, therefore we evaluate the effect of supplemental LA and pharmacological telmisartan plasma concentrations on human primary (SW480) and metastatic (SW620) colon cancer cells and immortal keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells in long-term treatment. Methods: Cell viability and proliferation were determined by TB and MTT and pro-apoptotic effect was measured by Annexin V binding assays, respectively.Results: LA decreased cancer cell viability and proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas no significant effect was found for HaCaT cells. Telmisartan (0.2 µM) suppresses antiproliferative effect of 60 µM LA on cancer cells in short-term treatment. Long-term administration of 60 µM LA reduced cancer cells viability after one week, while telmisartan delayed this effect by two weeks. Growth of all cell lines with 20 µM LA was unchanged during all treatment time. Telmisartan decreased late apoptosis of cancer and normal cells with 60 and 120 µM LA. Conclusion: The cytotoxic LA action depends not only on its concentration but also duration of treatment. Telmisartan exhibits biphasic but not synergistic effect on LA cytotoxicity in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mielczarek-Puta
- Faculty of Medicine, Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Otto-Ślusarczyk
- Faculty of Medicine, Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Chrzanowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Filipek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Graboń
- Faculty of Medicine, Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Randall EC, Zadra G, Chetta P, Lopez BGC, Syamala S, Basu SS, Agar JN, Loda M, Tempany CM, Fennessy FM, Agar NYR. Molecular Characterization of Prostate Cancer with Associated Gleason Score Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1155-1165. [PMID: 30745465 PMCID: PMC6497547 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of prostate cancer is based on histologic evaluation of tumor architecture using a system known as the "Gleason score." This diagnostic paradigm, while the standard of care, is time-consuming, shows intraobserver variability, and provides no information about the altered metabolic pathways, which result in altered tissue architecture. Characterization of the molecular composition of prostate cancer and how it changes with respect to the Gleason score (GS) could enable a more objective and faster diagnosis. It may also aid in our understanding of disease onset and progression. In this work, we present mass spectrometry imaging for identification and mapping of lipids and metabolites in prostate tissue from patients with known prostate cancer with GS from 6 to 9. A gradient of changes in the intensity of various lipids was observed, which correlated with increasing GS. Interestingly, these changes were identified in both regions of high tumor cell density, and in regions of tissue that appeared histologically benign, possibly suggestive of precancerous metabolomic changes. A total of 31 lipids, including several phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidic acids, phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylinositols, and cardiolipins were detected with higher intensity in GS (4+3) compared with GS (3+4), suggesting they may be markers of prostate cancer aggression. Results obtained through mass spectrometry imaging studies were subsequently correlated with a fast, ambient mass spectrometry method for potential use as a clinical tool to support image-guided prostate biopsy. IMPLICATIONS: In this study, we suggest that metabolomic differences between prostate cancers with different Gleason scores can be detected by mass spectrometry imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Randall
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giorgia Zadra
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paolo Chetta
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Begona G C Lopez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sudeepa Syamala
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sankha S Basu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey N Agar
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clare M Tempany
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fiona M Fennessy
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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29
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Gapeyev AB, Aripovsky AV, Kulagina TP. Fatty Acid Content and Tumor Growth Changes in Mice After Exposure to Extremely High-Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation and Consumption of N-3 Fatty Acids. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:1325-1334. [PMID: 30990087 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1601746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The topical problem is to find new, more effective and safe treatments for cancer. The purpose of the present work was to study the combined effects of low-intensity extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation (EHF EMR) and consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on tumor growth and the content of FAs in the thymus and tumor tissue in mice. Fatty acid composition was determined using gas chromatography. Exposure of tumor-bearing mice with solid Ehrlich carcinoma to EHF EMR with effective parameters (42.2 GHz, 0.1 mW/cm2, 20 min daily for 5 consecutive days beginning on the first day after the tumor inoculation) led to delaying the tumor growth and restored the content of almost all FAs in thymic tissue to the level of intact animals. Animal intake of the preparation enriched with n-3 PUFAs increased the content of n-3 PUFAs in thymic tissue significantly, but did not affect the tumor growth, even in combination with EHF EMR exposure. Combined action of EHF EMR exposure and n-3 preparation promoted recovery of thymus weight in tumor-bearing animals. The data obtained assume a complex interaction between the immune system and the tumor, and the important role of FAs in the regulation of this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Gapeyev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Pushchino , Moscow Region , Russia
| | - Alexander V Aripovsky
- State Scientific Center of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology , Obolensk , Moscow Region , Russia
| | - Tatyana P Kulagina
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Pushchino , Moscow Region , Russia
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30
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Carter CL, Hankey KG, Booth C, Tudor GL, Parker GA, Jones JW, Farese AM, MacVittie TJ, Kane MA. Characterizing the Natural History of Acute Radiation Syndrome of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Combining High Mass and Spatial Resolution Using MALDI-FTICR-MSI. HEALTH PHYSICS 2019; 116:454-472. [PMID: 30681424 PMCID: PMC6384159 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The acute radiation syndrome of the gastrointestinal tract has been histologically characterized, but the molecular and functional mechanisms that lead to these cellular alterations remain enigmatic. Mass spectrometry imaging is the only technique that enables the simultaneous detection and cellular or regional localization of hundreds of biomolecules in a single experiment. This current study utilized matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging for the molecular characterization of the first natural history study of gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome in the nonhuman primate. Jejunum samples were collected at days 4, 8, 11, 15, and 21 following 12-Gy partial-body irradiation with 2.5% bone marrow sparing. Mass spectrometry imaging investigations identified alterations in lipid species that further understanding of the functional alterations that occur over time in the different cellular regions of the jejunum following exposure to high doses of irradiation. Alterations in phosphatidylinositol species informed on dysfunctional epithelial cell differentiation and maturation. Differences in glycosphingolipids of the villi epithelium that would influence the absorptive capacity and functional structure of the brush border membrane were detected. Dichotomous alterations in cardiolipins indicated altered structural and functional integrity of mitochondria. Phosphatidylglycerol species, known regulators of toll-like receptors, were detected and localized to regions in the lamina propria that contained distinct immune cell populations. These results provide molecular insight that can inform on injury mechanism in a nonhuman primate model of the acute radiation syndrome of the gastrointestinal tract. Findings may contribute to the identification of therapeutic targets and the development of new medical countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Carter
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Kim G. Hankey
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD USA
| | | | | | - George A. Parker
- Charles River Laboratories, Pathology Associates, Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jace W. Jones
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ann M. Farese
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Thomas J. MacVittie
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD USA
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31
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Larrouy-Maumus G. Lipids as Biomarkers of Cancer and Bacterial Infections. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1924-1932. [PMID: 30182838 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180904120029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are ubiquitous molecules, known to play important roles in various cellular processes. Alterations to the lipidome can therefore be used as a read-out of the signs of disease, highlighting the importance to consider lipids as biomarkers in addition of nucleic acid and proteins. Lipids are among the primary structural and functional constituents of biological tissues, especially cell membranes. Along with membrane formation, lipids play also a crucial role in cell signalling, inflammation and energy storage. It was shown recently that lipid metabolism disorders play an important role in carcinogenesis and development. As well, the role of lipids in disease is particularly relevant for bacterial infections, during which several lipid bacterial virulence factors are recognized by the human innate immune response, such as lipopolysaccharide in Gram-negative bacteria, lipoteichoic acid in Gram-positive bacteria, and lipoglycans in mycobacteria. Compared to nucleic acids and proteins, a complete analysis of the lipidome, which is the comprehensive characterization of different lipid families, is usually very challenging due to the heterogeneity of lipid classes and their intrinsic physicoproperties caused by variations in the constituents of each class. Understanding the chemical diversity of lipids is therefore crucial to understanding their biological relevance and, as a consequence, their use as potential biomarkers for non-infectious and infectious diseases. This mini-review exposes the current knowledge and limitations of the use of lipids as biomarkers of the top global killers which are cancer and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Larrouy-Maumus
- Department of Life Sciences, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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32
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Roy J, Dibaeinia P, Fan TM, Sinha S, Das A. Global analysis of osteosarcoma lipidomes reveal altered lipid profiles in metastatic versus nonmetastatic cells. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:375-387. [PMID: 30504231 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m088559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common form of primary bone cancer in humans. The early detection and subsequent control of metastasis has been challenging in OS. Lipids are important constituents of cells that maintain structural integrity that can be converted into lipid-signaling molecules and are reprogrammed in cancerous states. Here, we investigate the global lipidomic differences in metastatic (143B) and nonmetastatic (HOS) human OS cells as compared with normal fetal osteoblast cells (FOB) using lipidomics. We detect 15 distinct lipid classes in all three cell lines that included over 1,000 lipid species across various classes including phospholipids, sphingolipids and ceramides, glycolipids, and cholesterol. We identify a key class of lipids, diacylglycerols, which are overexpressed in metastatic OS cells as compared with their nonmetastatic or nontumorigenic counterparts. As a proof of concept, we show that blocking diacylglycerol synthesis reduces cellular viability and reduces cell migration in metastatic OS cells. Thus, the differentially regulated lipids identified in this study might aid in biomarker discovery, and the synthesis and metabolism of specific lipids could serve as future targets for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahnabi Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802
| | - Payam Dibaeinia
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802.,Neuroscience Program and Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802
| | - Aditi Das
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802 .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802
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33
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González Rubio S, Montero Pastor N, García C, Almendro-Vedia VG, Ferrer I, Natale P, Paz-Ares L, Lillo MP, López-Montero I. Enhanced Cytotoxic Activity of Mitochondrial Mechanical Effectors in Human Lung Carcinoma H520 Cells: Pharmaceutical Implications for Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:514. [PMID: 30483474 PMCID: PMC6242888 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell mitochondria represent an attractive target for oncological treatment as they have unique hallmarks that differ from their healthy counterparts, as the presence of a stronger membrane potential that can be exploited to specifically accumulate cytotoxic cationic molecules. Here, we explore the selective cytotoxic effect of 10-N-nonyl acridine orange (NAO) on human lung carcinoma H520 cells and compare them with healthy human lung primary fibroblasts. NAO is a lipophilic and positively charged molecule that promotes mitochondrial membrane adhesion that eventually leads to apoptosis when incubated at high micromolar concentration. We found an enhanced cytotoxicity of NAO in H520 cancer cells. By means Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) we also confirmed the formation of H-dimeric aggregates originating from opposing adjacent membranes that interfere with the mitochondrial membrane structure. Based on our results, we suggest the mitochondrial membrane as a potential target in cancer therapy to mechanically control the cell proliferation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio González Rubio
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Montero Pastor
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina García
- Departamento de Química Física Biológica, Instituto de Química-Física "Rocasolano" (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor G Almendro-Vedia
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo Natale
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Ciberonc, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Lillo
- Departamento de Química Física Biológica, Instituto de Química-Física "Rocasolano" (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván López-Montero
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
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34
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Bidkhori G, Benfeitas R, Elmas E, Kararoudi MN, Arif M, Uhlen M, Nielsen J, Mardinoglu A. Metabolic Network-Based Identification and Prioritization of Anticancer Targets Based on Expression Data in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Physiol 2018; 9:916. [PMID: 30065658 PMCID: PMC6056771 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly form of liver cancer with high mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, the large heterogeneity of this disease makes it difficult to develop effective treatment strategies. Cellular network analyses have been employed to study heterogeneity in cancer, and to identify potential therapeutic targets. However, the existing approaches do not consider metabolic growth requirements, i.e., biological network functionality, to rank candidate targets while preventing toxicity to non-cancerous tissues. Here, we developed an algorithm to overcome these issues based on integration of gene expression data, genome-scale metabolic models, network controllability, and dispensability, as well as toxicity analysis. This method thus predicts and ranks potential anticancer non-toxic controlling metabolite and gene targets. Our algorithm encompasses both objective-driven and-independent tasks, and uses network topology to finally rank the predicted therapeutic targets. We employed this algorithm to the analysis of transcriptomic data for 50 HCC patients with both cancerous and non-cancerous samples. We identified several potential targets that would prevent cell growth, including 74 anticancer metabolites, and 3 gene targets (PRKACA, PGS1, and CRLS1). The predicted anticancer metabolites showed good agreement with existing FDA-approved cancer drugs, and the 3 genes were experimentally validated by performing experiments in HepG2 and Hep3B liver cancer cell lines. Our observations indicate that our novel approach successfully identifies therapeutic targets for effective treatment of cancer. This approach may also be applied to any cancer type that has tumor and non-tumor gene or protein expression data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Bidkhori
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rui Benfeitas
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ezgi Elmas
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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35
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Ohlig T, Le DV, Gardemann A, Wolke C, Gürtler S, Peter D, Schild L, Lendeckel U. Effects of siRNA-dependent knock-down of cardiolipin synthase and tafazzin on mitochondria and proliferation of glioma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:379-387. [PMID: 29325722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) has been implicated with mitochondrial morphology, function, and cell proliferation. Changes in CL are often paralleled by changes in the lipid environment of mitochondria that may contribute to mitochondrial function and proliferation. This study aimed to separate the effects of CL content and CL composition from cellular free fatty acid distribution on bioenergetics and proliferation in C6 glioma cells. To this end, cardiolipin synthase and the CL remodelling enzyme, tafazzin, were knocked-down by siRNA in C6 cells. After 72 h of cultivation, we analysed CL composition by means of LC/MS/MS, distribution of cellular fatty acids by means of gas chromatography, and determined oxygen consumption and proliferation. Knock-down of cardiolipin synthase affected the cellular CL content in the presence of linoleic acid (LA) in the culture medium. Knock-down of tafazzin had no consequence with respect to the pattern of cellular fatty acids but caused a decrease in cell proliferation. It significantly changed the distribution of molecular CL species, increased CL content, decreased oxygen consumption, and decreased cell proliferation when cultured in the presence of linoleic acid (LA). The addition of linoleic acid to the culture medium caused significant changes in the pattern of cellular fatty acids and the composition of molecular CL species. These data suggest that tafazzin is required for efficient bioenergetics and for proliferation of glioma cells. Supplementation of fatty acids can be a powerful tool to direct specific changes in these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Ohlig
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Do Viet Le
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Gardemann
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Wolke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sarah Gürtler
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniela Peter
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Schild
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Uwe Lendeckel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
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36
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Kubicek-Sutherland JZ, Vu DM, Mendez HM, Jakhar S, Mukundan H. Detection of Lipid and Amphiphilic Biomarkers for Disease Diagnostics. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2017; 7:bios7030025. [PMID: 28677660 PMCID: PMC5618031 DOI: 10.3390/bios7030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis is crucial to effectively treating any disease. Biological markers, or biomarkers, have been widely used to diagnose a variety of infectious and non-infectious diseases. The detection of biomarkers in patient samples can also provide valuable information regarding progression and prognosis. Interestingly, many such biomarkers are composed of lipids, and are amphiphilic in biochemistry, which leads them to be often sequestered by host carriers. Such sequestration enhances the difficulty of developing sensitive and accurate sensors for these targets. Many of the physiologically relevant molecules involved in pathogenesis and disease are indeed amphiphilic. This chemical property is likely essential for their biological function, but also makes them challenging to detect and quantify in vitro. In order to understand pathogenesis and disease progression while developing effective diagnostics, it is important to account for the biochemistry of lipid and amphiphilic biomarkers when creating novel techniques for the quantitative measurement of these targets. Here, we review techniques and methods used to detect lipid and amphiphilic biomarkers associated with disease, as well as their feasibility for use as diagnostic targets, highlighting the significance of their biochemical properties in the design and execution of laboratory and diagnostic strategies. The biochemistry of biological molecules is clearly relevant to their physiological function, and calling out the need for consideration of this feature in their study, and use as vaccine, diagnostic and therapeutic targets is the overarching motivation for this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Z Kubicek-Sutherland
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Dung M Vu
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Heather M Mendez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
- The New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA.
| | - Shailja Jakhar
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Harshini Mukundan
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
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37
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Lee JC, Byeon SK, Moon MH. Relative Quantification of Phospholipids Based on Isotope-Labeled Methylation by Nanoflow Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Enhancement in Cardiolipin Profiling. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4969-4977. [PMID: 28399627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, lipid analysis based on isotope-labeled methlylation (ILM) was performed by nanoflow ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-eletrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nUPLC-ESI-MS/MS) for enhanced detection and quantification of targeted phospholipids. ILM depends on methylation of phosphate groups by (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane, and the ILM based quantitation with reversed phase nUPLC-ESI-MS/MS provides advantages in PL profiling such as enhanced detectability of methylated PLs owing to increased hydrophobicity and substantial increase in resolution due to the increase of retention. Efficacy of ILM in nUPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was evaluated in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) method by varying the mixing ratio of H-/D-methylated PL standards, which resulted in the successful quantification of 24 species, including phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), ceramide-1-phosphate (Cer1P), phosphoinositides, and cardiolipin (CL), with ∼6.6% variation in the calculated ratio of H-/D-methylated PLs. The method was applied to the lipid extracts from a DU145 cell line after D-allose treatment, resulting in the quantification of 83 PLs of which results were not statistically different from those obtained by conventional quantification methods. Morever, detection and quantification of CLs and PAs were evidenced to be highly effective when used with the ILM method as 43 CLs and 20 PAs from cellular lipid extracts were analyzed while only 18 CLs and 12 PAs were identified when conventional methods were carried out. This proves the ILM combined with LC-MS to be a promising method for analysis of the aforementioned classes of lipids. Overall, the study highlighted the applicability of targeted quantification by the ILM method in lipidomic analysis and demonstrated an improvement in the detection of less abundant anionic PLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Cheol Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seul Kee Byeon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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38
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Seyfried TN, Yu G, Maroon JC, D'Agostino DP. Press-pulse: a novel therapeutic strategy for the metabolic management of cancer. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:19. [PMID: 28250801 PMCID: PMC5324220 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A shift from respiration to fermentation is a common metabolic hallmark of cancer cells. As a result, glucose and glutamine become the prime fuels for driving the dysregulated growth of tumors. The simultaneous occurrence of "Press-Pulse" disturbances was considered the mechanism responsible for reduction of organic populations during prior evolutionary epochs. Press disturbances produce chronic stress, while pulse disturbances produce acute stress on populations. It was only when both disturbances coincide that population reduction occurred. METHODS This general concept can be applied to the management of cancer by creating chronic metabolic stresses on tumor cell energy metabolism (press disturbance) that are coupled to a series of acute metabolic stressors that restrict glucose and glutamine availability while also stimulating cancer-specific oxidative stress (pulse disturbances). The elevation of non-fermentable ketone bodies protect normal cells from energy stress while further enhancing energy stress in tumor cells that lack the metabolic flexibility to use ketones as an efficient energy source. Mitochondrial abnormalities and genetic mutations make tumor cells vulnerable metabolic stress. RESULTS The press-pulse therapeutic strategy for cancer management is illustrated with calorie restricted ketogenic diets (KD-R) used together with drugs and procedures that create both chronic and intermittent acute stress on tumor cell energy metabolism, while protecting and enhancing the energy metabolism of normal cells. CONCLUSIONS Optimization of dosing, timing, and scheduling of the press-pulse therapeutic strategy will facilitate the eradication of tumor cells with minimal patient toxicity. This therapeutic strategy can be used as a framework for the design of clinical trials for the non-toxic management of most cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Yu
- George Washington University Medical Center Washington DC, and Aegis Medical & Research Associates Annapolis, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph C Maroon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Suite 5C, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Dominic P D'Agostino
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida USA
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39
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Feider CL, Elizondo N, Eberlin LS. Ambient Ionization and FAIMS Mass Spectrometry for Enhanced Imaging of Multiply Charged Molecular Ions in Biological Tissues. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11533-11541. [PMID: 27782388 PMCID: PMC5317180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has been increasingly used to investigate the molecular distribution of biological tissue samples. Here, we report the integration and optimization of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and liquid-microjunction surface sampling probe (LMJ-SSP) with a chip-based high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) device to image metabolites, lipids, and proteins in biological tissue samples. Optimized FAIMS parameters for specific molecular classes enabled semitargeted detection of multiply charged molecular species at enhanced signal-to-noise ratios (S/N), improved visualization of spatial distributions, and, most importantly, allowed detection of species which were unseen by ambient ionization MSI alone. Under static DESI-FAIMS conditions selected for transmission of doubly charged cardiolipins (CL), for example, detection of 71 different CL species was achieved in rat brain, 23 of which were not observed by DESI alone. Diagnostic CL were imaged in a human thyroid tumor sample with reduced interference of isobaric species. LMJ-SSP-FAIMS enabled detection of 84 multiply charged protein ions in rat brain tissue, 66 of which were exclusive to this approach. Spatial visualization of proteins in substructures of rat brain, and in human ovarian cancerous, necrotic, and normal tissues was achieved. Our results indicate that integration of FAIMS with ambient ionization MS allows improved detection and imaging of selected molecular species. We show that this methodology is valuable in biomedical applications of MSI for detection of multiply charged lipids and proteins from biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara L Feider
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Natalia Elizondo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Livia S Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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40
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Zhang J, Yu W, Ryu SW, Lin J, Buentello G, Tibshirani R, Suliburk J, Eberlin LS. Cardiolipins Are Biomarkers of Mitochondria-Rich Thyroid Oncocytic Tumors. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6588-6597. [PMID: 27659048 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncocytic tumors are characterized by an excessive eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm due to aberrant accumulation of mitochondria. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA occur in oncocytic thyroid tumors, but there is no information about their lipid composition, which might reveal candidate theranostic molecules. Here, we used desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) to image and chemically characterize the lipid composition of oncocytic thyroid tumors, as compared with nononcocytic thyroid tumors and normal thyroid samples. We identified a novel molecular signature of oncocytic tumors characterized by an abnormally high abundance and chemical diversity of cardiolipins (CL), including many oxidized species. DESI-MS imaging and IHC experiments confirmed that the spatial distribution of CLs overlapped with regions of accumulation of mitochondria-rich oncocytic cells. Fluorescent imaging and mitochondrial isolation showed that both mitochondrial accumulation and alteration in CL composition of mitochondria occurred in oncocytic tumors cells, thus contributing the aberrant molecular signatures detected. A total of 219 molecular ions, including CLs, other glycerophospholipids, fatty acids, and metabolites, were found at increased or decreased abundance in oncocytic, nononcocytic, or normal thyroid tissues. Our findings suggest new candidate targets for clinical and therapeutic use against oncocytic tumors. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6588-97. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Wendong Yu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Seung Woo Ryu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - John Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | | | - Robert Tibshirani
- Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - James Suliburk
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Livia S Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.
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41
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Bradley RM, Stark KD, Duncan RE. Influence of tissue, diet, and enzymatic remodeling on cardiolipin fatty acyl profile. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1804-18. [PMID: 27061349 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin is a specialized phospholipid found primarily in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Because of its unique dimeric structure, cardiolipin plays an important role in mitochondrial function, stability, and membrane fluidity. As such, cardiolipin is subject to a high degree of remodeling by phospholipases, acyltransferases, and transacylases that create a fatty acyl profile that tends to be highly tissue-specific. Despite this overarching regulation, the molecular species of cardiolipin produced are also influenced by dietary lipid composition. A number of studies have characterized the tissue-specific profile of cardiolipin species and have investigated the specific nature of cardiolipin remodeling, including the role of both enzymes and diet. The aim of this review is to highlight tissue specific differences in cardiolipin composition and, collectively, the enzymatic and dietary factors that contribute to these differences. Consequences of aberrant cardiolipin fatty acyl remodeling are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Bradley
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin E Duncan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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42
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Mürke E, Stoll S, Lendeckel U, Reinhold D, Schild L. The mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin is involved in the regulation of T-cell proliferation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:748-54. [PMID: 27163692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Challenge of the immune system with antigens induces a cascade of processes including activation of naïve T cells, induction of proliferation, differentiation into effector cells and finally contraction via apoptosis. To meet the dynamic requirements of an adequate immune response, T cells must metabolically adapt to actual situations by switching between catabolic and anabolic metabolism. In this context mitochondria are hubs of metabolic regulation. The phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) is crucial for the structural and functional integrity and, thus, the metabolism of mitochondria. The aim of this study was to verify a possible interrelationship between T cell proliferation and CL composition. For this purpose, we adjusted the proliferation of peripheral human T cells from volunteers by stimulation with different concentrations of the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), inhibition with Cyclosporin A (CsA) and exposure of cells to different free fatty acids and subsequently analysed the composition of CL by LC/MS/MS spectroscopy. All of the treatments had significant effects on CL composition. Correlation analysis of the proliferation rate and CL composition revealed that only the amount of incorporated palmitoleic acid and the content of tetralinoleoyl-CL are significantly associated with the proliferation rate. This observation is strongly suggestive of a regulatory function of these particular CL components/species in the process of T cell proliferation. As CL is crucially involved in mitochondrial function one can speculate that changes in CL composition contribute to vital mitochondria-dependent adaptations of energy metabolism in T cells during immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eik Mürke
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Steffan Stoll
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Lendeckel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Schild
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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