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Włodarski A, Szymczak-Pajor I, Kasznicki J, Antanaviciute EM, Szymańska B, Śliwińska A. Association of Glutathione Peroxidase 3 (GPx3) and miR-196a with Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders in the Elderly. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5409. [PMID: 38791447 PMCID: PMC11121935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMDs) prompts the need for early diagnosis and effective markers for their prediction. Hyperglycemia, the primary indicator of CMDs including prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), leads to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OxS). This condition, resulting from chronic hyperglycemia and insufficient antioxidant defense, causes damage to biomolecules, triggering diabetes complications. Additionally, aging itself can serve as a source of OxS due to the weakening of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Notably, previous research indicates that miR-196a, by downregulating glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3), contributes to insulin resistance (IR). Additionally, a GPx3 decrease is observed in overweight/obese and insulin-resistant individuals and in the elderly population. This study investigates plasma GPx3 levels and miR-196a expression as potential CMD risk indicators. We used ELISA to measure GPx3 and qRT-PCR for miR-196a expression, supplemented by multivariate linear regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Our findings included a significant GPx3 reduction in the CMD patients (n = 126), especially in the T2DM patients (n = 51), and a decreasing trend in the prediabetes group (n = 37). miR-196a expression, although higher in the CMD and T2DM groups than in the controls, was not statistically significant, potentially due to the small sample size. In the individuals with CMD, GPx3 levels exhibited a negative correlation with the mass of adipose tissue, muscle, and total body water, while miR-196a positively correlated with fat mass. In the CMD group, the analysis revealed a weak negative correlation between glucose and GPx3 levels. ROC analysis indicated a 5.2-fold increased CMD risk with GPx3 below 419.501 ng/mL. Logistic regression suggested that each 100 ng/mL GPx3 increase corresponded to a roughly 20% lower CMD risk (OR = 0.998; 95% CI: 0.996-0.999; p = 0.031). These results support the potential of GPx3 as a biomarker for CMD, particularly in T2DM, and the lack of a significant decline in GPx3 levels in prediabetic individuals suggests that it may not serve reliably as an early indicator of CMDs, warranting further large-scale validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Włodarski
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.); (I.S.-P.)
| | - Izabela Szymczak-Pajor
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.); (I.S.-P.)
| | - Jacek Kasznicki
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Egle Morta Antanaviciute
- Centre for Cellular Microenvironments, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
| | - Bożena Szymańska
- Research Laboratory CoreLab, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8 St., 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.); (I.S.-P.)
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Janovský P, Springer A, Filip J, Prucková Z, Nečas M, Rouchal M, Schalley CA, Vícha R. para-Phenylenediamine Dimer as a Redox-Active Guest for Supramolecular Systems. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400535. [PMID: 38415892 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Redox-active components are highly valuable in the construction of molecular devices. We combined two p-phenylenediamines (p-PDA) with a biphenyl (BiPhe) unit to prepare a supramolecular guest 4 consisting of three binding sites for cucurbit[7/8]uril (CBn) and/or cyclodextrins (CD). Supramolecular properties of 4 were investigated using NMR, UV-vis, mass spectrometry and isothermal titration calorimetry. Our analysis revealed that 4 forms higher-order host-guest complexes, wherein a CD unit occupies the central BiPhe site, secured by two CBn units at the terminal p-PDA sites. Additionally, 1 : 1 complexes with α-CD and β-CD, a 1 : 2 complex with γ-CD and 2 : 1 complexes with CB7 and CB8 were identified. Through UV-vis and cyclic voltammetry, redox processes leading to the formation of a stable, deep blue dication diradical of 4 are elucidated. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that CB7 selectively protects oxidised 4 from reduction in the presence of a reducing agent. The supramolecular and redox properties of the structural motif represented by 4 render it an interesting candidate for the construction of supramolecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Janovský
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, 760 01, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Springer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Filip
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Nad Ovčírnou, 3685, 760 01, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Prucková
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, 760 01, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Nečas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rouchal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, 760 01, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Vícha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova 5669, 760 01, Zlín, Czech Republic
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3
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Fu Q, Yang X, Wang M, Zhu K, Wang Y, Song J. Activatable Probes for Ratiometric Imaging of Endogenous Biomarkers In Vivo. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3916-3968. [PMID: 38258800 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic variations in the concentration and abnormal distribution of endogenous biomarkers are strongly associated with multiple physiological and pathological states. Therefore, it is crucial to design imaging systems capable of real-time detection of dynamic changes in biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of diseases. Recently, ratiometric imaging has emerged as a widely used technique for sensing and imaging of biomarkers due to its advantage of circumventing the limitations inherent to conventional intensity-dependent signal readout methods while also providing built-in self-calibration for signal correction. Here, the recent progress of ratiometric probes and their applications in sensing and imaging of biomarkers are outlined. Ratiometric probes are classified according to their imaging mechanisms, and ratiometric photoacoustic imaging, ratiometric optical imaging including photoluminescence imaging and self-luminescence imaging, ratiometric magnetic resonance imaging, and dual-modal ratiometric imaging are discussed. The applications of ratiometric probes in the sensing and imaging of biomarkers such as pH, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), glutathione (GSH), gas molecules, enzymes, metal ions, and hypoxia are discussed in detail. Additionally, this Review presents an overview of challenges faced in this field along with future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinrui Fu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Mengzhen Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Kang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Jibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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Reina C, Cardella C, Lo Pinto M, Pucci G, Acuto S, Maggio A, Cavalieri V. Antioxidant, Pro-Survival and Pro-Regenerative Effects of Conditioned Medium from Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Developing Zebrafish Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13191. [PMID: 37685998 PMCID: PMC10488285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditioned media harvested from stem cell culturing have the potential to be innovative therapeutic tools against various diseases, due to their high content of growth, trophic and protective factors. The evaluation in vivo of the effects and biosafety of these products is essential, and zebrafish provides an ideal platform for high-throughput toxicological analysis, concurrently allowing the minimization of the use of mammalian models without losing reliability. In this study, we assessed the biological effects elicited by the exposure of zebrafish embryos to a conditioned medium derived from Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells. By a multiparametric investigation combining molecular, embryological, behavioural and in vivo imaging techniques, we found that exposure to a conditioned medium at a non-toxic/non-lethal dosage triggers antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and pro-regenerative effects, by upregulation of a set of genes involved in antioxidant defence (nrf2, brg1, sirt1, sirt6, foxO3a, sod2 and cat), glycolysis (ldha) and cell survival (bcl2l1, mcl1a and bim), coupled to downregulation of pro-apoptotic markers (baxa, caspase-3a and caspase-8). To our knowledge, this is the first study comprehensively addressing the effects of a conditioned medium on a whole organism from a developmental, molecular and behavioural perspective, and we are fairly confident that it will pave the way for future therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Reina
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STeBiCeF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Clara Cardella
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STeBiCeF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Margot Lo Pinto
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STeBiCeF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaia Pucci
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STeBiCeF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Santina Acuto
- Campus of Haematology Franco e Piera Cutino, Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Aurelio Maggio
- Campus of Haematology Franco e Piera Cutino, Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cavalieri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STeBiCeF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Zebrafish Laboratory, Advanced Technologies Network (ATeN) Center, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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5
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Sávio de Almeida Assunção A, Aparecida Martins R, Cavalcante Souza Vieira J, Campos Rocha L, Kaiser de Lima Krenchinski F, Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf M, Roberto Sartori J, de Magalhães Padilha P. Shotgun proteomics reveals changes in the pectoralis major muscle of broilers supplemented with passion fruit seed oil under cyclic heat stress conditions. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112731. [PMID: 37087218 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the proteins differentially expressed in the pectoralis major muscle of broilers supplemented with passion fruit seed oil (PFSO) under cyclic heat stress conditions. Ninety one-day-old male chicks were housed in cages arranged in a climatic chamber, where they were kept under cyclic heat stress for eight hours a day from the beginning to the end of the experiment. The birds were divided into two experimental groups, one group supplemented with 0.9% PFSO and a control group (CON) without PFSO supplementation. At 36 days of age, 18 birds were slaughtered to collect muscle samples. From pools of breast fillet samples from each group, proteolytic cleavage of the protein extracts was performed, and later, the peptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The 0.9% PFSO supplementation revealed the modulation of 57 proteins in the pectoralis major muscle of broilers exposed to cyclic heat stress. Among them, four proteins were upregulated, and 46 proteins were downregulated. In addition, seven proteins were expressed only in the CON group. These results suggest that PFSO may increase heat tolerance, with a possible reduction in oxidative stress, activation of neuroprotective mechanisms, protection against apoptosis, decrease in inflammatory responses, and regulation of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Aparecida Martins
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Leone Campos Rocha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Roberto Sartori
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pan M, Li X, Xu G, Tian X, Li Y, Fang W. Tripartite Motif Protein Family in Central Nervous System Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s10571-023-01337-5. [PMID: 36988770 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) protein superfamily is a group of E3 ubiquitin ligases characterized by the conserved RING domain, the B-box domain, and the coiled-coil domain (RBCC). It is widely involved in various physiological and pathological processes, such as intracellular signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, oncogenesis, and innate immune response. Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are composed of encephalopathy and spinal cord diseases, which have a high disability and mortality rate. Patients are often unable to take care of themselves and their life quality can be seriously declined. Initially, the function research of TRIM proteins mainly focused on cancer. However, in recent years, accumulating attention is paid to the roles they play in CNS diseases. In this review, we integrate the reported roles of TRIM proteins in the pathological process of CNS diseases and related signaling pathways, hoping to provide theoretical bases for further research in treating CNS diseases targeting TRIM proteins. TRIM proteins participated in CNS diseases. TRIM protein family is characterized by a highly conserved RBCC domain, referring to the RING domain, the B-box domain, and the coiled-coil domain. Recent research has discovered the relations between TRIM proteins and various CNS diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangchen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weirong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Wang S, Wang P, Zhang R. Adipose tissue-derived Muse cells promote autophagy and oxidative stress tolerance in human epidermal melanocytes. Cell Tissue Bank 2023; 24:253-264. [PMID: 35986799 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-10031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of human adipose tissue-derived multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells on the oxidative stress injury of human epidermal melanocytes (HEMs) in vitro. HEMs were treated with H2O2 to establish an oxidative stress injury model and then were co-cultured with adipose tissue-derived Muse cells. Immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and Western blotting were used to assess changes in autophagy flux, apoptosis, expression of melanin synthesis related proteins and proliferation of melanocytes. Our findings demonstrate that co-culture with Muse cells significantly increased the tolerance of HEMs to oxidative stress, enhanced autophagy flux and reduced apoptosis. The expression of proteins related to the formation of melanin increased as did cell proliferation. Treatment with the autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3MA), partially counteracted the improvement of oxidative stress tolerance in melanocytes elicited by co-culture with Muse cells. Muse cells promote autophagy and oxidative stress tolerance of melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.,Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruzhi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.
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Reactive Oxygen Species Bridge the Gap between Chronic Inflammation and Tumor Development. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2606928. [PMID: 35799889 PMCID: PMC9256443 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2606928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to numerous animal studies, adverse environmental stimuli, including physical, chemical, and biological factors, can cause low-grade chronic inflammation and subsequent tumor development. Human epidemiological evidence has confirmed the close relationship between chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms driving the development of persistent inflammation toward tumorigenesis remain unclear. In this study, we assess the potential role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated mechanisms in modulating inflammation-induced tumorigenesis. Recent reports have emphasized the cross-talk between oxidative stress and inflammation in many pathological processes. Exposure to carcinogenic environmental hazards may lead to oxidative damage, which further stimulates the infiltration of various types of inflammatory cells. In turn, increased cytokine and chemokine release from inflammatory cells promotes ROS production in chronic lesions, even in the absence of hazardous stimuli. Moreover, ROS not only cause DNA damage but also participate in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis by modulating several transcription factors and signaling pathways. We summarize how changes in the redox state can trigger the development of chronic inflammatory lesions into tumors. Generally, cancer cells require an appropriate inflammatory microenvironment to support their growth, spread, and metastasis, and ROS may provide the necessary catalyst for inflammation-driven cancer. In conclusion, ROS bridge the gap between chronic inflammation and tumor development; therefore, targeting ROS and inflammation represents a new avenue for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Camargo PG, Fabris M, Silva TU, Silva Lima CH, Paula Machado S, Tonin LTD, Lima Ferreira Bispo M, Macedo F. Thiohydantoins as Potential Antioxidant Agents:
In vitro
and
in silico
evaluation. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Goes Camargo
- Department of Chemistry State University of Londrina Rod Celso Garcia Km 480 Londrina PR Brazil
| | - Marcieli Fabris
- Department of Chemistry State University of Londrina Rod Celso Garcia Km 480 Londrina PR Brazil
| | - Talis Uelisson Silva
- Chemistry Institute Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Av. Pedro Calmon, 550, Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Camilo Henrique Silva Lima
- Chemistry Institute Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Av. Pedro Calmon, 550, Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Sérgio Paula Machado
- Chemistry Institute Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Av. Pedro Calmon, 550, Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Macedo
- Department of Chemistry State University of Londrina Rod Celso Garcia Km 480 Londrina PR Brazil
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Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is the result of cellular troubles related to aerobic metabolism. Furthermore, this stress is always associated with biological responses evoked by physical, chemical, environmental, and psychological factors. Several studies have developed many approaches of antioxidant defense to diminish the severity of many diseases. Ghrelin was originally identified from the rat stomach, and it is a potent growth hormone-releasing peptide that has pleiotropic functions. Methods A systematic review was conducted within PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases using keywords such as ghrelin, antioxidant, oxidative stress, and systemic oxidative stress sensor. Results In the last decade, many studies show that ghrelin exhibits protection effects against oxidative stress derived probably from its antioxidant effects. Pieces of evidence demonstrate that systemic oxidative stress increase ghrelin levels in the plasma. The expression of ghrelin and its receptor in ghrelin peripheral tissues and extensively in the central nervous system suggests that this endogenous peptide plays an important role as a systemic oxidative stress sensor Conclusion The current evidence confirms that ghrelin and its derived peptides (Desacyl-ghrelin, obestatin) act as a protective antioxidant agent. Therefore, stressor modality, duration, and intensity are the parameters of oxidative stress that must be taken into consideration to determine the role of ghrelin, Desacyl-ghrelin, and obestatin in the regulation of cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Akki
- Department of Plant Protection and Environment, National School of Agriculture-Meknes/ENA, Meknes, Morocco.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Kawtar Raghay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Errami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
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Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Rare Respiratory Diseases. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061268. [PMID: 33803835 PMCID: PMC8003245 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that some rare respiratory diseases, such as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), cystic fibrosis (CF), and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) present oxidative stress (OS) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Their involvement in these pathologies and the use of antioxidants as therapeutic agents to minimize the effects of OS are discussed in this review.
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12
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Chen J, Li S, Li C. Mechanisms of melanocyte death in vitiligo. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1138-1166. [PMID: 33200838 PMCID: PMC7983894 DOI: 10.1002/med.21754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune depigment disease results from extensive melanocytes destruction. The destruction of melanocyte is thought to be of multifactorial causation. Genome-wide associated studies have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a panel of susceptible loci as risk factors in melanocyte death. But vitiligo onset can't be solely attributed to a susceptive genetic background. Oxidative stress triggered by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species accounts for melanocytic molecular and organelle dysfunction, a minority of melanocyte demise, and melanocyte-specific antigens exposure. Of note, the self-responsive immune function directly contributes to the bulk of melanocyte deaths in vitiligo. The aberrantly heightened innate immunity, type-1-skewed T helper, and incompetent regulatory T cells tip the balance toward autoreaction and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes finally execute the killing of melanocytes, possibly alarmed by resident memory T cells. In addition to the well-established apoptosis and necrosis, we discuss several death modalities like oxeiptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis that are probably employed in melanocyte destruction. This review focuses on the various mechanisms of melanocytic death in vitiligo pathogenesis to demonstrate a panorama of that. We hope to provide new insights into vitiligo pathogenesis and treatment strategies by the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianru Chen
- Department of DermatologyXijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of DermatologyXijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of DermatologyXijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
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13
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Saksida T, Jevtić B, Djedović N, Miljković Đ, Stojanović I. Redox Regulation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells and Regulatory T Cells in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Autoimmunity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:364-382. [PMID: 32458699 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Autoimmune diseases are progressively affecting westernized societies, as the proportion of individuals suffering from autoimmunity is steadily increasing over the past decades. Understanding the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in modulation of the immune response in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders is of utmost importance. The focus of this review is the regulation of ROS production within tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) and regulatory T (Treg) cells that have the essential role in the prevention of autoimmune diseases and significant potency in their therapy. Recent Advances: It is now clear that ROS are extremely important for the proper function of both DC and T cells. Antigen processing/presentation and the ability of DC to activate T cells depend upon the ROS availability. Treg differentiation, suppressive function, and stability are profoundly influenced by ROS presence. Critical Issues: Although a plethora of results on the relation between ROS and immune cells exist, it remains unclear whether ROS modulation is a productive way for skewing T cells and DCs toward a tolerogenic phenotype. Also, the possibility of ROS modulation for enhancement of regulatory properties of DC and Treg during their preparation for use in cellular therapy has to be clarified. Future Directions: Studies of DC and T cell redox regulation should allow for the improvement of the therapy of autoimmune diseases. This could be achieved through the direct therapeutic application of ROS modulators in autoimmunity, or indirectly through ROS-dependent enhancement of tolDC and Treg preparation for cell-based immunotherapy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 364-382.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Saksida
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Jevtić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neda Djedović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đorđe Miljković
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stojanović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Surai PF, Kochish II, Kidd MT. Redox Homeostasis in Poultry: Regulatory Roles of NF-κB. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:186. [PMID: 33525511 PMCID: PMC7912633 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox biology is a very quickly developing area of modern biological sciences, and roles of redox homeostasis in health and disease have recently received tremendous attention. There are a range of redox pairs in the cells/tissues responsible for redox homeostasis maintenance/regulation. In general, all redox elements are interconnected and regulated by various means, including antioxidant and vitagene networks. The redox status is responsible for maintenance of cell signaling and cell stress adaptation. Physiological roles of redox homeostasis maintenance in avian species, including poultry, have received limited attention and are poorly characterized. However, for the last 5 years, this topic attracted much attention, and a range of publications covered some related aspects. In fact, transcription factor Nrf2 was shown to be a master regulator of antioxidant defenses via activation of various vitagenes and other protective molecules to maintain redox homeostasis in cells/tissues. It was shown that Nrf2 is closely related to another transcription factor, namely, NF-κB, responsible for control of inflammation; however, its roles in poultry have not yet been characterized. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe a current view on NF-κB functioning in poultry with a specific emphasis to its nutritional modulation under various stress conditions. In particular, on the one hand, it has been shown that, in many stress conditions in poultry, NF-κB activation can lead to increased synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines leading to systemic inflammation. On the other hand, there are a range of nutrients/supplements that can downregulate NF-κB and decrease the negative consequences of stress-related disturbances in redox homeostasis. In general, vitagene-NF-κB interactions in relation to redox balance homeostasis, immunity, and gut health in poultry production await further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F. Surai
- Department of Biochemistry, Vitagene and Health Research Centre, Bristol BS4 2RS, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Poultry Sciences, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K. I. Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, 196084 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent Istvan University, H-2103 Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Ivan I. Kochish
- Department of Hygiene and Poultry Sciences, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K. I. Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Michael T. Kidd
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
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Liebman SE, Le TH. Eat Your Broccoli: Oxidative Stress, NRF2, and Sulforaphane in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010266. [PMID: 33477669 PMCID: PMC7831909 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mainstay of therapy for chronic kidney disease is control of blood pressure and proteinuria through the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) that were introduced more than 20 years ago. Yet, many chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients still progress to end-stage kidney disease—the ultimate in failed prevention. While increased oxidative stress is a major molecular underpinning of CKD progression, no treatment modality specifically targeting oxidative stress has been established clinically. Here, we review the influence of oxidative stress in CKD, and discuss regarding the role of the Nrf2 pathway in kidney disease from studies using genetic and pharmacologic approaches in animal models and clinical trials. We will then focus on the promising therapeutic potential of sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables that has garnered significant attention over the past decade for its potent Nrf2-activating effect, and implications for precision medicine.
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Chen X, Zhao C, Xu Y, Huang K, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhou X, Pang W, Yang G, Yu T. Adipose-specific BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) deletion promotes adipogenesis by accelerating ROS production. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100037. [PMID: 33158991 PMCID: PMC7949090 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the improvement of people's living standards, the number of obese patients has also grown rapidly. It is reported that the level of oxidative stress in obese patients has significantly increased, mainly caused by the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in adipose tissue. Studies have shown that the use of siRNA to interfere with bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) expression could promote adipocyte differentiation, and under hypoxic conditions, BAMBI could act as a regulator of HIF1α to regulate the polarity damage of epithelial cells. In view of these results, we speculated that BAMBI may regulate adipogenesis by regulating the level of ROS. In this study, we generated adipose-specific BAMBI knockout mice (BAMBI AKO) and found that compared with control mice, BAMBI AKO mice showed obesity when fed with high-fat diet, accompanied by insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hypercholesterolemia, and increased inflammation in adipose tissue. Interestingly, adipose-specific deficiency of BAMBI could cause an increase in the expression level of Nox4, thereby promoting ROS production in cytoplasm and mitochondria and the DNA-binding activity of C/EBPβ and ultimately promoting adipogenesis. Consistently, our findings indicated that BAMBI may be a reactive oxygen regulator to affect adipogenesis, thereby controlling obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kuilong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoge Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weijun Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Taiyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Wang X, Han B, Wu P, Li S, Lv Y, Lu J, Yang Q, Li J, Zhu Y, Zhang Z. Dibutyl phthalate induces allergic airway inflammation in rats via inhibition of the Nrf2/TSLP/JAK1 pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115564. [PMID: 33254669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), an important plastic contaminant in the environment, is known to cause organ toxicity. Although current research has shown that DBP-induced organ toxicity is associated with oxidative stress, the toxic effect of DBP on the lungs have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the potential mechanism by which DBP induces pulmonary toxicity using a model of DBP-induced allergic airway inflammation in rats. The results showed that chronic exposure to DBP induced histopathological damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and increased the protein levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and its downstream protein Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6). Moreover, DBP exposure inhibited nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and levels of its target genes NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Additionally, using in vitro experiments, we found that DBP induced oxidative stress, reduced cell viability, and inhibited the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway in mouse alveolar type II epithelial cell line. Overall, these data demonstrate that DBP induces allergic airway inflammation in rats via inhibition of the Nrf2/TSLP/JAK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bing Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Siyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yueying Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qingyue Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Xu YH, Xu YC, Hogstrand C, Zhao T, Wu LX, Zhuo MQ, Luo Z. Waterborne copper exposure up-regulated lipid deposition through the methylation of GRP78 and PGC1α of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111089. [PMID: 32810645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Early molecular events after the exposure of heavy metals, such as aberrant DNA methylation, suggest that DNA methylation was important in regulating physiological processes for animals and accordingly could be used as environmental biomarkers. In the present study, we found that copper (Cu) exposure increased lipid content and induced the DNA hypermethylation at the whole genome level. Especially, Cu induced hypermethylation of glucose-regulated protein 78 (grp78) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (pgc1α). CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) could bind to the methylated sequence of grp78, whereas C/EBPβ could not bind to the methylated sequence of grp78. These synergistically influenced grp78 expression and increased lipogenesis. In contrast, DNA methylation of PGC1α blocked the specific protein 1 (SP1) binding and interfered mitochondrial function. Moreover, Cu increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and damaged mitochondrial function, and accordingly increased lipid deposition. Notably, we found a new toxicological mechanism for Cu-induced lipid deposition at DNA methylation level. The measurement of DNA methylation facilitated the use of these epigenetic biomarkers for the evaluation of environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Huan Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yi-Chuang Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Tao Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Li-Xiang Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mei-Qin Zhuo
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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20
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Dong W, Luo B, Qiu C, Jiang X, Shen B, Zhang L, Liu W, Zhang W. TRIM3 attenuates apoptosis in Parkinson's disease via activating PI3K/AKT signal pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:735-749. [PMID: 33253119 PMCID: PMC7835008 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
This article aims to study tripartite motif-containing protein 3 (TRIM3) effects on Parkinson's disease (PD). TRIM3 expression in venous blood of PD patients was detected by qRT-PCR. PD mouse model and PD SH-SY5Y cell model were constructed. PD cells were treated by LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor). The apoptosis of PD mouse midbrain was detected. Glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level in PD cells and mice midbrain was analyzed. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MMP were detected. The effect of TRIM3 on cell viability, apoptosis and PI3K/AKT signal pathway were analyzed. As a result, TRIM3 expression in venous blood of PD patients was decreased. TRIM3 up-regulation in PD mouse decreased midbrain tissues apoptosis. TRIM3 up-regulation increased GSH and SOD levels in PD mice midbrain tissues and PD cells. TRIM3 up-regulation in PD cells prominently reduced ROS and MMP. TRIM3 up-regulation increased PD cells viability and decreased apoptosis. TRIM3 up-regulation in PD cells elevated Bcl-2 protein expression and weakened Bax, Cleaved-caspase 3 and Cleaved-caspase 9 proteins expression. TRIM3 up-regulation increased p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT ratio. PI3K inhibitor treatment reversed the inhibitory effect of TRIM3 up-regulation on PD cells apoptosis. Thus, TRIM3 might attenuate apoptosis in PD via activating PI3K/AKT signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Dong
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bei Luo
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chang Qiu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Neurology Department, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Neurology Department, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Neurology Department, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Neurology Department, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
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Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress: Focus on the Central Nervous System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060492. [PMID: 32516892 PMCID: PMC7346204 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a category I human carcinogen, is a well-known widespread environmental pollutant. Chronic Cd exposure affects different organs and tissues, such as the central nervous system (CNS), and its deleterious effects can be linked to indirect reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Since Cd is predominantly present in +2 oxidation state, it can interplay with a plethora of channels and transporters in the cell membrane surface in order to enter the cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production, glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation are reviewed in order to better characterize the Cd-elicited molecular pathways. Furthermore, Cd effects on different CNS cell types have been highlighted to better elucidate its role in neurodegenerative disorders. Indeed, Cd can increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and promotes Cd entry that, in turn, stimulates pericytes in maintaining the BBB open. Once inside the CNS, Cd acts on glial cells (astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes) triggering a pro-inflammatory cascade that accounts for the Cd deleterious effects and neurons inducing the destruction of synaptic branches.
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Nasiri M, Ahmadizad S, Hedayati M, Zarekar T, Seydyousefi M, Faghfoori Z. Trans-resveratrol supplement lowers lipid peroxidation responses of exercise in male Wistar rats. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 91:507-512. [PMID: 32400317 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise increases free radicals production; antioxidant supplementation may improve the muscle fiber's ability to scavenge ROS and protect muscles against exercise-induced oxidative damage. This study was designed to examine the effects of all-trans resveratrol supplementation as an antioxidant to mediate anti-oxidation and lipid per-oxidation responses to exercise in male Wistar rats. Sixty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal number (n = 16) including training + supplement (TS), training (T), supplement (S) and control (C) group. The rats in TS and S groups received a dose of 10 mg/kg resveratrol per day via gavage. The training groups ran on a rodent treadmill 5 times per week at the speed of 10 m/min for 10 min; the speed gradually increased to 30 m/min for 60 minutes at the end of 12th week. The acute phase of exercise protocol included a speed of 25 m/min set to an inclination of 10° to the exhaustion point. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) activity, non-enzymatic antioxidants bilirubin, uric acid, lipid peroxidation levels (MDA) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured after the exercise termination. The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. The result showed that endurance training caused a significant increase in MDA level [4.5 ± 0.75 (C group) vs. 5.9 ± 0.41 nmol/l (T group)] whereas it decreased the total antioxidant capacity [8.5 ± 1.35 (C group) vs. 7.1 ± 0.55 mmol/l (T group)] (p = 0.001). In addition, GPx and CAT decreased but not significantly (p > 0.05). The training and t-resveratrol supplementation had no significant effect on the acute response of all variables except MDA [4.3 ± 1.4 (C group) vs. 4.0 ± 0.90 nmol/l (TS group)] (p = 0.001) and TAC [8.5 ± 0.90 (C group) vs. 6.6 ± 0.80 mmol/l (TS group)] (p = 0.004). It was concluded that resveratrol supplementation may prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress by preventing lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Nasiri
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University of Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saja Ahmadizad
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebe Zarekar
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Seydyousefi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran
| | - Zeinab Faghfoori
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Functional Role of p53 in the Regulation of Chemical-Induced Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6039769. [PMID: 32190175 PMCID: PMC7066401 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6039769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear transcription factor p53, discovered in 1979, has a broad range of biological functions, primarily the regulation of apoptosis, the cell cycle, and DNA repair. In addition to these canonical functions, a growing body of evidence suggests that p53 plays an important role in regulating intracellular redox homeostasis through transcriptional and nontranscriptional mechanisms. Oxidative stress induction and p53 activation are common responses to chemical exposure and are suggested to play critical roles in chemical-induced toxicity. The activation of p53 can exert either prooxidant or antioxidant activity, depending on the context. In this review, we discuss the functional role of p53 in regulating chemical-induced oxidative stress, summarize the potential signaling pathways involved in p53's regulation of chemically mediated oxidative stress, and propose issues that should be addressed in future studies to improve understanding of the relationship between p53 and chemical-induced oxidative stress.
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Dimauro I, Paronetto MP, Caporossi D. Exercise, redox homeostasis and the epigenetic landscape. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101477. [PMID: 32127290 PMCID: PMC7284912 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise represents one of the strongest physiological stimuli capable to induce functional and structural modifications in all biological systems. Indeed, beside the traditional genetic mechanisms, physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications, namely DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification and non-coding RNA transcripts. Initially considered as merely damaging molecules, it is now well recognized that both reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) produced under voluntary exercise play an important role as regulatory mediators in signaling processes. While robust scientific evidences highlight the role of exercise-associated redox modifications in modulating gene expression through the genetic machinery, the understanding of their specific impact on epigenomic profile is still at an early stage. This review will provide an overview of the role of ROS and RNS in modulating the epigenetic landscape in the context of exercise-related adaptations. Physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic regulation of ROS/RNS generating, sensing and neutralizing enzymes can impact the cellular levels of ROS and RNS. ROS might act as modulators of epigenetic machinery, interfering with DNA methylation, hPTMs and ncRNAs expression. Redox homeostasis might hold a relevant role in the epigenetic landscape modulating exercise-related adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy.
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25
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Mesías AC, Garg NJ, Zago MP. Redox Balance Keepers and Possible Cell Functions Managed by Redox Homeostasis in Trypanosoma cruzi. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:435. [PMID: 31921709 PMCID: PMC6932984 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of oxygen and nitrogen reactive species appears to be merely the tip of the iceberg in the world of redox homeostasis. Now, oxidative stress can be seen as a two-sided process; at high concentrations, it causes damage to biomolecules, and thus, trypanosomes have evolved a strong antioxidant defense system to cope with these stressors. At low concentrations, oxidants are essential for cell signaling, and in fact, the oxidants/antioxidants balance may be able to trigger different cell fates. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the current knowledge of the oxidant environment experienced by T. cruzi along the different phases of its life cycle, and the molecular tools exploited by this pathogen to deal with oxidative stress, for better or worse. Further, we discuss the possible redox-regulated processes that could be governed by this oxidative context. Most of the current research has addressed the importance of the trypanosomes' antioxidant network based on its detox activity of harmful species; however, new efforts are necessary to highlight other functions of this network and the mechanisms underlying the fine regulation of the defense machinery, as this represents a master key to hinder crucial pathogen functions. Understanding the relevance of this balance keeper program in parasite biology will give us new perspectives to delineate improved treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Mesías
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Nisha J Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - M Paola Zago
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
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Zilocchi M, Fasano M, Alberio T. Mitochondrial Proteins in the Development of Parkinson’s Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1158:17-44. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8367-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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27
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Ding Y, Kong D, Zhou T, Yang ND, Xin C, Xu J, Wang Q, Zhang H, Wu Q, Lu X, Lim K, Ma B, Zhang C, Li L, Huang W. α-Arbutin Protects Against Parkinson's Disease-Associated Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Vitro and In Vivo. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 22:56-67. [PMID: 31401719 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. The underlying mechanisms of PD pathogenesis have not been fully illustrated and currently PD remains incurable. Accumulating evidences suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction plays pivotal role in the dopaminergic neuronal death. Therefore, discovery of novel and safe agent for rescuing mitochondrial dysfunction would benefit PD treatment. Here we demonstrated for the first time that α-Arbutin (Arb), a natural polyphenol extracted from Ericaceae species, displayed significant protective effect on the rotenone (Rot)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of human neuroblastoma cell (SH-SY5Y). We further found that the neuroprotective effect of Arb was associated with ameliorating oxidative stress, stabilizing of mitochondrial membrane potential, and enhancing adenosine triphosphate production. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we checked the AMP-activated protein kinase and autophagy pathway and we found that both were involved in the neuroprotection of Arb. Moreover, we explored the protective effect of Arb in drosophila PD model and found that Arb rescued parkin deficiency-induced motor function disability and mitochondrial abnormality of drosophila. Taken together, our study demonstrated that Arb got excellent neuroprotective effect on PD models both in vitro and in vivo and Arb might serve as a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Deqin Kong
- Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, The Medical University of Air Force, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Nai-di Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenqi Xin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Kahleong Lim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.,Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
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Giuliani ME, Sparaventi E, Lanzoni I, Pittura L, Regoli F, Gorbi S. Precision-Cut Tissue Slices (PCTS) from the digestive gland of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis: An ex vivo approach for molecular and cellular responses in marine invertebrates. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104603. [PMID: 31330176 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The precision-cut tissue slices (PCTS) represent a largely used biological model in mammalian research. This ex vivo approach offers the main advantages of in vitro systems, while maintaining the natural architecture of the tissue. The use of PCTS in toxicological research has been proposed for investigating the cellular effects of xenobiotics or bioactive compounds mostly in mammalian models. Their application is increasing also in marine organisms, but still limited to fish. This work validates the use of PCTS in an invertebrate species, the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Intact tissue slices of different thicknesses (300, 350 and 400 μm) were successfully obtained from the digestive gland. The slices maintained the histological integrity and the viability after 6 h and 24 h incubation in culture medium, with some differences depending on the thickness. The enzymatic activities and mRNA levels of catalase and glutathione S-transferase, chosen as model biological endpoints, were measured until 24 h incubation, revealing the functionality of such systems. This work demonstrates the suitability of mussel PCTS for investigating molecular and cellular responses in ecotoxicological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Giuliani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Erica Sparaventi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lanzoni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Pittura
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Gorbi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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Antioxidant Defence Systems and Oxidative Stress in Poultry Biology: An Update. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8070235. [PMID: 31336672 PMCID: PMC6680731 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry in commercial settings are exposed to a range of stressors. A growing body of information clearly indicates that excess ROS/RNS production and oxidative stress are major detrimental consequences of the most common commercial stressors in poultry production. During evolution, antioxidant defence systems were developed in poultry to survive in an oxygenated atmosphere. They include a complex network of internally synthesised (e.g., antioxidant enzymes, (glutathione) GSH, (coenzyme Q) CoQ) and externally supplied (vitamin E, carotenoids, etc.) antioxidants. In fact, all antioxidants in the body work cooperatively as a team to maintain optimal redox balance in the cell/body. This balance is a key element in providing the necessary conditions for cell signalling, a vital process for regulation of the expression of various genes, stress adaptation and homeostasis maintenance in the body. Since ROS/RNS are considered to be important signalling molecules, their concentration is strictly regulated by the antioxidant defence network in conjunction with various transcription factors and vitagenes. In fact, activation of vitagenes via such transcription factors as Nrf2 leads to an additional synthesis of an array of protective molecules which can deal with increased ROS/RNS production. Therefore, it is a challenging task to develop a system of optimal antioxidant supplementation to help growing/productive birds maintain effective antioxidant defences and redox balance in the body. On the one hand, antioxidants, such as vitamin E, or minerals (e.g., Se, Mn, Cu and Zn) are a compulsory part of the commercial pre-mixes for poultry, and, in most cases, are adequate to meet the physiological requirements in these elements. On the other hand, due to the aforementioned commercially relevant stressors, there is a need for additional support for the antioxidant system in poultry. This new direction in improving antioxidant defences for poultry in stress conditions is related to an opportunity to activate a range of vitagenes (via Nrf2-related mechanisms: superoxide dismutase, SOD; heme oxygenase-1, HO-1; GSH and thioredoxin, or other mechanisms: Heat shock protein (HSP)/heat shock factor (HSP), sirtuins, etc.) to maximise internal AO protection and redox balance maintenance. Therefore, the development of vitagene-regulating nutritional supplements is on the agenda of many commercial companies worldwide.
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Kong D, Ding Y, Liu J, Liu R, Zhang J, Zhou Q, Long Z, Peng J, Li L, Bai H, Hai C. Chlorogenic acid prevents paraquat-induced apoptosis via Sirt1-mediated regulation of redox and mitochondrial function. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:680-693. [PMID: 31106605 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1621308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used agro-chemical in agriculture and highly toxic to humans. Although the mechanism of PQ poisoning is not clear, it has been well documented that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis play pivotal roles. Alternatively, chlorogenic acid (CA) is a biologically active dietary polyphenol, playing several therapeutic roles. However, it is not known whether CA has protective effect on PQ-induced apoptosis. Here, we investigated the effect of CA in preventing PQ-induced apoptosis and explored the underlying mechanisms. A549 cells were pretreated with 100 µM CA for 24 h and then exposed to 160 µM PQ for 24 h. We found that CA was effective in preventing PQ-induced apoptotic features, including the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to cytoplasm, the cleavages of caspase 3 and caspase 9, and the increases in levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and intracellular calcium ions. CA alleviated ROS production and prevented the reduction of antioxidant capacity in cells exposed to PQ by increasing NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and glutathione levels. In addition, CA also attenuated PQ-induced alterations of mitochondrial structure and function (such as the decreases in membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate level), and the impaired autophagic flux was improved by CA. Down-regulation of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) by short hairpin RNA reversed the protective effects of CA. Thus, CA may be viewed as a potential drug to treat PQ-induced lung epithelial cell apoptosis and other disorders with similar pathologic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqin Kong
- a Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health , Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University) , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Yaqi Ding
- b Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Jiangzheng Liu
- a Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health , Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University) , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- a Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health , Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University) , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- a Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health , Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University) , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Qingbiao Zhou
- a Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health , Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University) , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Zi Long
- a Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health , Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University) , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Jie Peng
- a Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health , Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University) , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Lin Li
- b Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Hua Bai
- a Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health , Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University) , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Chunxu Hai
- a Department of Toxicology, The Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health , Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University) , Xi'an , PR China
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31
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Fan L. Signaling pathways involved in regulating apoptosis induction in host cells upon PRRSV infection. Virus Genes 2019; 55:433-439. [PMID: 31004277 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the etiologic agent of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), a devastating disease of swine that poses a serious threat to the swine industry worldwide. The induction of apoptosis in host cells is suggested to be the key cellular mechanism that contributes to the pathogenesis of PRRS. Various signaling pathways have been identified to be involved in regulating PRRSV-induced apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the potential signaling pathways that contribute to PRRSV-induced apoptosis, and propose the issues that need to be addressed in future studies for a better understanding of the molecular basis underlying the pathogenesis of PRRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Fan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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32
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Redox state affects fecundity and insecticide susceptibility in Anopheles gambiae. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13054. [PMID: 30158658 PMCID: PMC6115382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox reactions play a central role in the metabolism of an organism. It is vital to maintain redox homeostasis in response to the fluctuation of redox shift in various biological contexts. NADPH-dependent reducing capacity is one of the key factors contributing to the redox homeostasis. To understand the redox capacity and its impact on mosquito fecundity and susceptibility to insecticides in Anopheles gambiae, we examined the dynamics of elevated oxidative state via induction by paraquat (PQ) and the inhibition of NADPH regeneration by 6-aminonicotinamide (6AN). In naïve conditions, inherent oxidative capacity varies between individuals, as measured by GSSG/GSH ratio. The high GSSG/GSH ratio was negatively correlated with fecundity. Both PQ and 6AN feeding increased GSSG/GSH ratio and elevated protein carbonylation, a marker of oxidative damage. Both pro-oxidants lowered egg production. Co-feeding the pro-oxidants with antioxidant lycopene attenuated the adverse effects on fecundity, implying that oxidative stress was the cause of this phenotype. Pre-feeding with 6AN increased insecticide susceptibility in DDT resistant mosquitoes. These results indicate that oxidative state is delicate in mosquitoes, manipulation of NADPH pool may adversely affect fecundity and insecticide detoxification capacity. This knowledge can be exploited to develop novel vector control strategies targeting fecundity and insecticide resistance.
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Su S, Wu G, Cheng X, Fan J, Peng J, Su H, Xu Z, Cao M, Long Z, Hao Y, Li G, Li S, Hai C, Wang X. Oleanolic acid attenuates PCBs-induced adiposity and insulin resistance via HNF1b-mediated regulation of redox and PPARγ signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:122-134. [PMID: 29879443 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exposure is closely associated with obesity and diabetes. However, the mechanism of PCBs-induced adiposity and insulin resistance is not clear and the intervention is limited. We have found that oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural triterpenoid, possessing antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1b (HNF1b) is an important regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of OA on Aroclor 1254-induced adiposity and insulin resistance and explore the possible involvement of HNF1b. We showed that OA significantly attenuated Aroclor 1254-induced insulin resistance and abnormal changes of glucose and lipid parameters. OA inhibited the increase of adipose weight and adipocyte size in Aroclor 1254-treated mice and repressed adipocyte differentiation in vitro. In addition, OA markedly inhibited Aroclor 1254-induced increase of ROS, oxidant products, NOX4 expression, decrease of SOD1, SOD2, GCLC, GCLM and Gpx1 expression, and increase of PPARγ signaling. Aroclor 1254 resulted in a decrease of HNF1b expression in adipose of mice and adipocytes, which was inhibited by OA. Upregulation of HNF1b blocked Aroclor 1254-induced oxidative stress, adipocyte differentiation and insulin resistance. Downregulation of HNF1b inhibited OA-induced protective effects against Aroclor 1254-associated oxidative stress, adipocyte differentiation and insulin resistance. The antioxidant Vitamin C reduced Aroclor 1254-induced ROS generation in vitro, but had no significant effect on HNF1b expression, oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction in vivo. OA could inhibit PCBs mixture-induced oxidative injury and glucose/lipid metabolic dysfunction via HNF1b-mediated regulation of redox homeostasis. Our data suggest that HNF1b is a new on/off switch of redox homeostasis and OA-stimulated HNF1b-endogenous antioxidant activity is a potential option for the intervention of PCBs exposure-related adiposity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Su
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guangyuan Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Junshu Fan
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hongfei Su
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhongrui Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zi Long
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yiming Hao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Sevost'yanov MA, Nasakina EO, Baikin AS, Sergienko KV, Konushkin SV, Kaplan MA, Seregin AV, Leonov AV, Kozlov VA, Shkirin AV, Bunkin NF, Kolmakov AG, Simakov SV, Gudkov SV. Biocompatibility of new materials based on nano-structured nitinol with titanium and tantalum composite surface layers: experimental analysis in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:33. [PMID: 29546502 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A technology for obtaining materials from nanostructured nitinol with titanium- or tantalum-enriched surface layers was developed. Surface layers enriched with titanium or tantalum were shown to provide a decrease in the formation of reactive oxygen species and long-lived protein radicals in comparison to untreated nitinol. It was determined that human peripheral vessel myofibroblasts and human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells grown on nitinol bases coated with titanium or tantalum-enriched surface layers exhibit a nearly two times higher mitotic index. Response to implantation of pure nitinol, as well as nano-structure nitinol with titanium or tantalum-enriched surface layers, was expressed though formation of a mature uniform fibrous capsule peripherally to the fragment. The thickness of this capsule in the group of animals subjected to implantation of pure nitinol was 1.5 and 3.0-fold greater than that of the capsule in the groups implanted with nitinol fragments with titanium- or tantalum-enriched layers. No signs of calcinosis in the tissues surrounding implants with coatings were observed. The nature and structure of the formed capsules testify bioinertia of the implanted samples. It was shown that the morphology and composition of the surface of metal samples does not alter following biological tests. The obtained results indicate that nano-structure nitinol with titanium or tantalum enriched surface layers is a biocompatible material potentially suitable for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Sevost'yanov
- Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena O Nasakina
- Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Baikin
- Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Sergienko
- Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V Konushkin
- Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Kaplan
- Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Seregin
- Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Leonov
- Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery A Kozlov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
- A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Shkirin
- A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai F Bunkin
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
- A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey G Kolmakov
- Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V Simakov
- Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V Gudkov
- A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Depatment of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia.
- Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI), Moscow, Russia.
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35
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Kahremany S, Babaev I, Hasin P, Tamir TY, Ben-Zur T, Cohen G, Jiang Z, Weintraub S, Offen D, Rahimipour S, Major MB, Senderowitz H, Gruzman A. Computer-Aided Design and Synthesis of 1-{4-[(3,4-Dihydroxybenzylidene)amino]phenyl}-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic Acid as an Nrf2 Enhancer. Chempluschem 2018; 83:320-333. [PMID: 31957349 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a novel nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) enhancer is reported. Using a structure-based virtual screening approach, several commercially available compounds were identified as having high probability to interact with the Nrf2-binding pocket in the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Keap1 is an adaptor protein that recruits Nrf2 to a cullin-3-dependent ubiquitin ligase complex. The identified compounds were tested against rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells for their cytoprotective activity, and one compound (SKT359126) demonstrated an Nrf2-mediated cell-protective effect. Based on the structure of SKT359126, 23 novel derivatives were synthesized and evaluated. Of the screened derivatives, 1-{4-[(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)amino]phenyl}-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid demonstrated better activity than the parent molecules in activating the Nrf2 transduction pathway in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This compound represents a promising starting point for the development of therapeutics for the treatment of oxidative-stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Kahremany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Ilana Babaev
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Pinhas Hasin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Tigist Y Tamir
- Department of Pharmacology, and the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tali Ben-Zur
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva, 49100, Israel
| | - Guy Cohen
- The Skin Research Institute, The Dead Sea & Arava Science Center, Tamar Regional Council, Dead Sea Mobile Post, 86910, Israel
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Sagiv Weintraub
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Daniel Offen
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva, 49100, Israel
| | - Shai Rahimipour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - M Ben Major
- Department of Pharmacology, and the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hanoch Senderowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Arie Gruzman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
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Aras-López R, Almeida L, Andreu-Fernández V, Tovar J, Martínez L. Anti-oxidants correct disturbance of redox enzymes in the hearts of rat fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Surg Int 2018; 34:307-313. [PMID: 29079903 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-017-4201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate if the redox system is unbalanced in the hearts of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) animals and to study the possible preventive effects of two anti-oxidant treatments, apocynin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). METHODS Adult rats were divided into four groups. Group 1: rats received only vehicle on day E9.5. Group 2: rats received 100 mg nitrofen on day E9.5. Group 3: 1 month before mating rats received apocynin 1.5 mM and, when pregnant, 100 mg nitrofen on day E9.5. Group 4: same than group 3 but with EGCG 30 mg/kg. All fetuses were recovered at term and the hearts were processed. Nox activity and mRNA levels of Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, catalase, and GPX1 were analyzed. Nox, SOD, and Catalase activity and H2O2 production were also evaluated. RESULTS Nox activity, H2O2 production and Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4 mRNA levels were increased in the hearts of fetuses with CDH. There were no changes in SOD1 levels, whereas those of SOD2, SOD3, catalase, and GPX1 mRNA were decreased. Apocynin and EGCG treatments attenuated the increment of Nox and SOD activities and H2O2 production was only decreased by apocynin. CONCLUSION These findings suggest a possible preventive effect on the abnormal redox metabolism of anti-oxidant treatments in the hearts from rat fetuses with CDH. If the same occurs in humans, it could represent a potential tool in future prenatal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Aras-López
- Congenital Malformations Lab, Institute of Medicine and Molecular Genetic (INGEMM), Institute for Health Research of La Paz Universitary Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.
| | - L Almeida
- BCNatal, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic and Hospital San Joan de Deu, IdiBaps, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Andreu-Fernández
- Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica, BCNatal, GRIE, ICGON, Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Neonatology, Servicio de Neonatologia, Hospital Clinic-Maternitat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Tovar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Martínez
- Congenital Malformations Lab, Institute of Medicine and Molecular Genetic (INGEMM), Institute for Health Research of La Paz Universitary Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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Haider S, Batool Z, Ahmad S, Siddiqui RA, Haleem DJ. Walnut supplementation reverses the scopolamine-induced memory impairment by restoration of cholinergic function via mitigating oxidative stress in rats: a potential therapeutic intervention for age related neurodegenerative disorders. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:39-51. [PMID: 29027091 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The brain is highly susceptible to the damaging effects of oxidative reactive species. The free radicals which are produced as a consequence of aerobic respiration can cause cumulative oxygen damage which may lead to age-related neurodegeneration. Scopolamine, the anti-muscarinic agent, induces amnesia and oxidative stress similar to that observed in the older age. Studies suggest that antioxidants derived from plant products may provide protection against oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the attenuation of scopolamine-induced memory impairment and oxidative stress by walnut supplementation in rats. Rats in test group were administrated with walnut suspension (400 mg/kg/day) for four weeks. Both control and walnut-treated rats were then divided into saline and scopolamine-treated groups. Rats in the scopolamine group were injected with scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg dissolved in saline) five minutes before the start of each memory test. Memory was assessed by elevated plus maze (EPM), Morris water maze (MWM), and novel object recognition task (NOR) followed by estimation of regional acetylcholine levels and acetylcholinesterase activity. In the next phase, brain oxidative status was determined by assaying lipid peroxidation, and measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities. Results showed that scopolamine-treatment impaired memory function, caused cholinergic dysfunction, and induced oxidative stress in rats compared to that saline-treated controls. These impairments were significantly restored by pre-administration of walnut. This study demonstrates that antioxidant properties of walnut may provide augmented effects on cholinergic function by reducing oxidative stress and thus improving memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Haider
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, -75270, Pakistan.
| | - Zehra Batool
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, -75270, Pakistan
| | - Saara Ahmad
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rafat Ali Siddiqui
- Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Laboratory, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA, USA
| | - Darakhshan Jabeen Haleem
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Hassani S, Maqbool F, Salek-Maghsoudi A, Rahmani S, Shadboorestan A, Nili-Ahmadabadi A, Amini M, Norouzi P, Abdollahi M. Alteration of hepatocellular antioxidant gene expression pattern and biomarkers of oxidative damage in diazinon-induced acute toxicity in Wistar rat: A time-course mechanistic study. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:57-71. [PMID: 29383019 PMCID: PMC5780620 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the present survey, the plasma level of diazinon after acute exposure was measured by HPLC method at a time-course manner. In addition, the impact of diazinon on the expression of the key genes responsible for hepatocellular antioxidative defense, including PON1, GPx and CAT were investigated. The increase in oxidative damages in treated rats was determined by measuring LPO, protein carbonyl content and total antioxidant power in plasma. After administration of 85 mg/kg diazinon in ten groups of male Wistar rats at different time points between 0-24 hours, the activity of AChE enzyme was inhibited to about 77.94 %. Significant increases in carbonyl groups and LPO after 0.75 and 1 hours were also observed while the plasma antioxidant power was significantly decreased. Despite the dramatic reduction of GPX and PON1 gene expression, CAT gene was significantly upregulated in mRNA level by 1.1 fold after 4 hours and 1.5-fold after 24 hours due to diazinon exposure, compared to control group. Furthermore, no significant changes in diazinon plasma levels were found after 4 hours in the treated rats. The limits of detection and quantification were 137.42 and 416.52 ng/mL, respectively. The average percentage recoveries from plasma were between 90.62 % and 95.72 %. In conclusion, acute exposure to diazinon increased oxidative stress markers in a time-dependent manner and the changes were consistent with effects on hepatic antioxidant gene expression pattern. The effect of diazinon even as a non-lethal dose was induced on the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes. The change in antioxidant defense system occurs prior to diazinon plasma peak time. These results provide biochemical and molecular evidence supporting potential acute toxicity of diazinon and is beneficial in the evaluation of acute toxicity of other organophosphorus pesticides as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faheem Maqbool
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Salek-Maghsoudi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Rahmani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shadboorestan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Cancer Therapy Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Norouzi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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39
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Weckmann K, Deery MJ, Howard JA, Feret R, Asara JM, Dethloff F, Filiou MD, Iannace J, Labermaier C, Maccarrone G, Webhofer C, Teplytska L, Lilley K, Müller MB, Turck CW. Ketamine's antidepressant effect is mediated by energy metabolism and antioxidant defense system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15788. [PMID: 29150633 PMCID: PMC5694011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fewer than 50% of all patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) treated with currently available antidepressants (ADs) show full remission. Moreover, about one third of the patients suffering from MDD does not respond to conventional ADs and develop treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Ketamine, a non-competitive, voltage-dependent N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, has been shown to have a rapid antidepressant effect, especially in patients suffering from TRD. Hippocampi of ketamine-treated mice were analysed by metabolome and proteome profiling to delineate ketamine treatment-affected molecular pathways and biosignatures. Our data implicate mitochondrial energy metabolism and the antioxidant defense system as downstream effectors of the ketamine response. Specifically, ketamine tended to downregulate the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/adenosine diphosphate (ADP) metabolite ratio which strongly correlated with forced swim test (FST) floating time. Furthermore, we found increased levels of enzymes that are part of the ‘oxidative phosphorylation’ (OXPHOS) pathway. Our study also suggests that ketamine causes less protein damage by rapidly decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lend further support to the hypothesis that mitochondria have a critical role for mediating antidepressant action including the rapid ketamine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Weckmann
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Pathobiochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Medical School, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael J Deery
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Cambridge System Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julie A Howard
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Cambridge System Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Renata Feret
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Cambridge System Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Frederik Dethloff
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela D Filiou
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Munich, Germany
| | - Jamie Iannace
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiana Labermaier
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Giuseppina Maccarrone
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Webhofer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Larysa Teplytska
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathryn Lilley
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Cambridge System Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marianne B Müller
- Experimental Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy & Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Christoph W Turck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
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40
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Martinez Guimera A, Welsh CM, Proctor CJ, McArdle A, Shanley DP. 'Molecular habituation' as a potential mechanism of gradual homeostatic loss with age. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 169:53-62. [PMID: 29146308 PMCID: PMC5846846 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive signals indicate homeostatic dysregulation but their effect on signal transduction remains largely unexplored. A theoretical approach is undertaken to examine how oxidative stress may affect redox signal transduction. Constitutive signals can result in a ‘molecular habituation’ effect that interferes with information transmission. The robustness of such a theoretical observation to the underlying methodology hints at the generality of this principle.
The ability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to cause molecular damage has meant that chronic oxidative stress has been mostly studied from the point of view of being a source of toxicity to the cell. However, the known duality of ROS molecules as both damaging agents and cellular redox signals implies another perspective in the study of sustained oxidative stress. This is a perspective of studying oxidative stress as a constitutive signal within the cell. In this work, we adopt a theoretical perspective as an exploratory and explanatory approach to examine how chronic oxidative stress can interfere with signal processing by redox signalling pathways in the cell. We report that constitutive signals can give rise to a ‘molecular habituation’ effect that can prime for a gradual loss of biological function. This is because a constitutive signal in the environment has the potential to reduce the responsiveness of a signalling pathway through the prolonged activation of negative regulators. Additionally, we demonstrate how this phenomenon is likely to occur in different signalling pathways exposed to persistent signals and furthermore at different levels of biological organisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Martinez Guimera
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences (ICaMB), Ageing Research Laboratories, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE4 5PL,United Kingdom; MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), United Kingdom
| | - Ciaran M Welsh
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences (ICaMB), Ageing Research Laboratories, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE4 5PL,United Kingdom
| | - Carole J Proctor
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Ageing Research Laboratories, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, United Kingdom; MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), United Kingdom
| | - Anne McArdle
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool (University, Not-for-profit), Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease,William Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom; MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), United Kingdom
| | - Daryl P Shanley
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences (ICaMB), Ageing Research Laboratories, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE4 5PL,United Kingdom; MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), United Kingdom.
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41
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Pinheiro da Silva F, Machado MCC. Septic Shock and the Aging Process: A Molecular Comparison. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1389. [PMID: 29118760 PMCID: PMC5661002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a continuous process promoted by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that each trigger a multitude of molecular events. Increasing evidence supports a central role for inflammation in this progression. Here, we discuss how the low-grade chronic inflammation that characterizes aging is tightly interconnected with other important aspects of this process, such as DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epigenetic changes. Similarly, inflammation also plays a critical role in many morbid conditions that affect patients who are admitted to Intensive Care. Although the inflammatory response is low grade and persistent in healthy aging while it is acute and severe in critically ill states, we hypothesize that both situations have important interconnections. Here, we performed an extensive review of the literature to investigate this potential link. Because sepsis is the most extensively studied disease and is the leading cause of death in Critical Care, we focus our discussion on comparing the inflammatory profile of healthy older people with that of patients in septic shock to explain why we believe that both situations have synergistic effects, leading to critically ill aged patients having a worse prognosis when compared with critically ill young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Pinheiro da Silva
- Laboratório de Emergências Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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42
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Salidroside Protects against MPP+-Induced Neuronal Injury through DJ-1-Nrf2 Antioxidant Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:5398542. [PMID: 29234413 PMCID: PMC5637855 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5398542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. We have found that salidroside (Sal) exhibited neuroprotective effects against MPP+ toxicity. However, the molecular mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we found that Sal significantly prevented MPP+-induced decrease of mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2, GCLc, SOD1, and SOD2 in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, silencing of Nrf2 significantly inhibited Sal-induced increase in mRNA and protein expression of GCLc, SOD1, and SOD2. But Nrf2 silence did not significantly impact Sal-exhibited effects on DJ-1 expression. Silencing of Nrf2 significantly suppressed the decrease of apoptosis induced by Sal in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Sal significantly prevented MPP+-induced decrease of the mRNA and protein expression of DJ-1 in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, silencing of DJ-1 significantly inhibited Sal-induced increase in mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2, GCLc, SOD1, and SOD2 in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. These results indicated that DJ-1 was an upstream regulator of Nrf2 in the neuroprotective effects of Sal. Furthermore, silencing of DJ-1 significantly suppressed the decrease of apoptosis induced by Sal in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. In conclusion, Sal prevented MPP+-induced neurotoxicity through upregulation of DJ-1-Nrf2-antioxidant pathway. Our findings provide novel insights into the neuroprotective effects of Sal against PD.
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43
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Seo K, Seo S, Ki SH, Shin SM. Potential role of mitochondrial ROS in Sestrin2 degradation. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-016-0586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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44
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Meshitsuka S, Shingaki S, Hotta M, Goto M, Kobayashi M, Ukawa Y, Sagesaka YM, Wada Y, Nojima M, Suzuki K. Phase 2 trial of daily, oral epigallocatechin gallate in patients with light-chain amyloidosis. Int J Hematol 2016; 105:295-308. [PMID: 27815860 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species may cause organ damage in patients with light-chain (AL) amyloidosis; however, this damage can be decreased by antioxidant-agent treatment. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major natural catechin in green tea, has potent antioxidant activity. Because EGCG has recently been reported to have a favorable toxicity profile for treating amyloidosis, we sought to examine the clinical efficacy and toxicity of EGCG in patients with AL amyloidosis. Fifty-seven patients were randomly assigned to the EGCG and observation groups and observed for six months. There were no increases in grade 3-5 adverse events and EGCG therapy was well tolerated. Although a decrease in the urinary albumin level was found in the EGCG group in patients with obvious albuminuria after treatment initiation, its antioxidant activity may not be sufficient to clarify the potential effect of EGCG in patients with AL amyloidosis. Because some of the biological markers responsible for organ damage were well correlated to the level of antioxidant potential in patients' plasma, the status of oxidative stress in the blood may indicate the extent of organ damage in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohsuke Meshitsuka
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan. .,Center for Translational Research, The Institute of Medical Science Hospital, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shiroganedai, Minato, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Sumito Shingaki
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hotta
- Department of Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miku Goto
- Laboratory for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, Niiza, Japan
| | | | - Yuuichi Ukawa
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd, Makinohara, Japan
| | | | - Yasuyo Wada
- Laboratory for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, Niiza, Japan
| | - Masanori Nojima
- Center for Translational Research, The Institute of Medical Science Hospital, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shiroganedai, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenshi Suzuki
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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45
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Methionine and methionine sulfoxide treatment induces M1/classical macrophage polarization and modulates oxidative stress and purinergic signaling parameters. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 424:69-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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46
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Reactive oxygen species in organ-specific autoimmunity. AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2016; 7:11. [PMID: 27491295 PMCID: PMC4974204 DOI: 10.1007/s13317-016-0083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been extensively studied in the induction of inflammation and tissue damage, especially as it relates to aging. In more recent years, ROS have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here, ROS accumulation leads to apoptosis and autoantigen structural changes that result in novel specificities. ROS have been implicated not only in the initiation of the autoimmune response but also in its amplification and spreading to novel epitopes, through the unmasking of cryptic determinants. This review will examine the contribution of ROS to the pathogenesis of four organ specific autoimmune diseases (Hashimoto thyroiditis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and vitiligo), and compare it to that of a better characterized systemic autoimmune disease (rheumatoid arthritis). It will also discuss tobacco smoking as an environmental factor endowed with both pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant properties, thus capable of differentially modulating the autoimmune response.
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47
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Maiese K. Forkhead transcription factors: new considerations for alzheimer's disease and dementia. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:241-247. [PMID: 27390624 PMCID: PMC4932907 DOI: 10.15761/jts.1000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy of individuals in both developed and undeveloped nations continues to rise at an unprecedented rate. Coupled to this increase in longevity for individuals is the rise in the incidence of chronic neurodegenerative disorders that includes Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, almost ten percent of the population over the age of 65 suffers from AD, a disorder that is presently without definitive therapy to prevent the onset or progression of cognitive loss. Yet, it is estimated that AD will continue to significantly increase throughout the world to impact millions of individuals and foster the escalation of healthcare costs. One potential target for the development of novel strategies against AD and other cognitive disorders involves the mammalian forkhead transcription factors of the O class (FoxOs). FoxOs are present in "cognitive centers" of the brain to include the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the nucleus accumbens and may be required for memory formation and consolidation. FoxOs play a critical role in determining survival of multiple cell types in the nervous system, drive pathways of apoptosis and autophagy, and control stem cell proliferation and differentiation. FoxOs also interface with multiple cellular pathways that include growth factors, Wnt signaling, Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1), and silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1) that ultimately may control FoxOs and determine the fate and function of cells in the nervous system that control memory and cognition. Future work that can further elucidate the complex relationship FoxOs hold over cell fate and cognitive function could yield exciting prospects for the treatment of a number of neurodegenerative disorders including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101
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