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Rutkowska A, Strózik T, Jędrychowska-Dańska K, Zamerska A, Jesionek-Kupnicka D, Kowalczyk T, Och W, Szóstak B, Tręda C, Włodarczyk A, Kierasińska-Kałka A, Wasiak T, Ciunowicz D, Rieske P, Stoczyńska-Fidelus E. Immunohistochemical detection of EGFRvIII in glioblastoma - Anti-EGFRvIII antibody validation for diagnostic and CAR-T purposes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 685:149133. [PMID: 37918325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of therapies such as CAR-T has created a need for reliable, validated methods for detecting EGFRvIII in patient tumor cells. Particularly so since previous studies have already suggested that some anti-EGFRvIII antibodies may be non-specific. The present paper evaluates the use of the L8A4 antibody in the immunohistochemical (IHC) and immunocytochemical (ICC) detection of EGFRvIII in 30 glioblastoma specimens, and compares it with other methods such as RT-PCR, MLPA, and FISH. The results indicate that Real-time PCR appears to be a very specific and sensitive method of EGFRvIII detection. ICC analysis with L8A4 also appears specific but requires cell culture. IHC analyses of EGFRvIII returned a number of false positives when using L8A4. Due to the growing need for an effective diagnostic tool before starting immunotherapy methods, such as the CAR-T anti-EGFRvIII or SynNotch CAR-T recognizing EGFRvIII, it is necessary to identify a more reliable and simple method of EGFRvIII detection or improve the specificity of the anti-EGFRvIII antibody, until then, immunocytochemistry may temporarily replace immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Rutkowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland; Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Research and Development, Personather LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Strózik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Alicja Zamerska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Tamara Kowalczyk
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Waldemar Och
- Clinical Department of Neurosurgery, The Regional Specialist Hospital in Olsztyn, Zolnierska 18, 10-561, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Błażej Szóstak
- Department of Pathomorphology, The Regional Specialist Hospital in Olsztyn, Zolnierska 18, 10-561, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Cezary Tręda
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Research and Development, Personather LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Włodarczyk
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Research and Development, Personather LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Amelia Kierasińska-Kałka
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Research and Development, Personather LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wasiak
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Damian Ciunowicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland; Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Research and Development, Personather LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Research and Development, Personather LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Stoczyńska-Fidelus
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland; Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland; Department of Research and Development, Personather LTD, Inwestycyjna 7, 95-050, Konstantynow Lodzki, Poland.
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Yuzhakova D, Lukina M, Sachkova D, Yusubalieva G, Baklaushev V, Mozherov A, Dudenkova V, Gavrina A, Yashin K, Shirmanova M. Development of a 3D Tumor Spheroid Model from the Patient's Glioblastoma Cells and Its Study by Metabolic Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging. Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2023; 15:28-38. [PMID: 37389023 PMCID: PMC10306970 DOI: 10.17691/stm2023.15.2.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-specific in vitro tumor models are a promising platform for studying the mechanisms of oncogenesis and personalized selection of drugs. In case of glial brain tumors, development and use of such models is particularly relevant as the effectiveness of such tumor treatment remains extremely unsatisfactory. The aim of the study was to develop a model of a 3D tumor glioblastoma spheroid based on a patient's surgical material and to study its metabolic characteristics by means of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of metabolic coenzymes. Materials and Methods The study was conducted with tumor samples from patients diagnosed with glioblastoma (Grade IV). To create spheroids, primary cultures were isolated from tumor tissue samples; the said cultures were characterized morphologically and immunocytochemically, and then planted into round-bottom ultra low-adhesion plates. The number of cells for planting was chosen empirically. The characteristics of the growth of cell cultures were compared with spheroids from glioblastomas of patients with U373 MG stable line of human glioblastoma. Visualization of autofluorescence of metabolic coenzymes of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) NAD(P)H and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in spheroids was performed by means of an LSM 880 laser scanning microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany) with a FLIM module (Becker & Hickl GmbH, Germany). The autofluorescence decay parameters were studied under normoxic and hypoxic conditions (3.5% О2). Results An original protocol for 3D glioblastoma spheroids cultivation was developed. Primary glial cultures from surgical material of patients were obtained and characterized. The isolated glioblastoma cells had a spindle-shaped morphology with numerous processes and a pronounced granularity of cytoplasm. All cultures expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The optimal seeding dose of 2000 cells per well was specified; its application results in formation of spheroids with a dense structure and stable growth during 7 days. The FLIM method helped to establish that spheroid cells from the patient material had a generally similar metabolism to spheroids from the stable line, however, they demonstrated more pronounced metabolic heterogeneity. Cultivation of spheroids under hypoxic conditions revealed a transition to a more glycolytic type of metabolism, which is expressed in an increase in the contribution of the free form of NAD(P)H to fluorescence decay. Conclusion The developed model of tumor spheroids from patients' glioblastomas in combination with the FLIM can serve as a tool to study characteristics of tumor metabolism and develop predictive tests to evaluate the effectiveness of antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.V. Yuzhakova
- Researcher, Laboratory of Genomics of Adaptive Antitumor Immunity, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - M.M. Lukina
- Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical and Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow, 119435, Russia; Researcher, Laboratory of Fluorescent Bioimaging; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - D.A. Sachkova
- Master Student, Department of Biophysics; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia; Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory of Fluorescent Bioimaging, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - G.M. Yusubalieva
- Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Cell Technologies; Federal Research and Clinical Center, Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 28 Orekhovy Blvd., Moscow, 115682, Russia; Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Regeneration and Aging; Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova St., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V.P. Baklaushev
- Deputy General Director for Research and Medical Technologies; Federal Research and Clinical Center, Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 28 Orekhovy Blvd., Moscow, 115682, Russia; Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Regeneration and Aging; Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilova St., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A.M. Mozherov
- Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Optical Spectroscopy and Microscopy, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - V.V. Dudenkova
- Researcher, Laboratory of Optical Spectroscopy and Microscopy, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - A.I. Gavrina
- Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - K.S. Yashin
- Oncologist, Neurosurgeon, Department of Oncology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, University Сlinic; Assistant, Department of Traumatology and Neurosurgery named after M.V. Kolokoltsev; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - M.V. Shirmanova
- Deputy Director for Science, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
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Guo G, Gong K, Beckley N, Zhang Y, Yang X, Chkheidze R, Hatanpaa KJ, Garzon-Muvdi T, Koduru P, Nayab A, Jenks J, Sathe AA, Liu Y, Xing C, Wu SY, Chiang CM, Mukherjee B, Burma S, Wohlfeld B, Patel T, Mickey B, Abdullah K, Youssef M, Pan E, Gerber DE, Tian S, Sarkaria JN, McBrayer SK, Zhao D, Habib AA. EGFR ligand shifts the role of EGFR from oncogene to tumour suppressor in EGFR-amplified glioblastoma by suppressing invasion through BIN3 upregulation. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1291-1305. [PMID: 35915159 PMCID: PMC9389625 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a prime oncogene that is frequently amplified in glioblastomas. Here we demonstrate a new tumour-suppressive function of EGFR in EGFR-amplified glioblastomas regulated by EGFR ligands. Constitutive EGFR signalling promotes invasion via activation of a TAB1-TAK1-NF-κB-EMP1 pathway, resulting in large tumours and decreased survival in orthotopic models. Ligand-activated EGFR promotes proliferation and surprisingly suppresses invasion by upregulating BIN3, which inhibits a DOCK7-regulated Rho GTPase pathway, resulting in small hyperproliferating non-invasive tumours and improved survival. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas reveal that in EGFR-amplified glioblastomas, a low level of EGFR ligands confers a worse prognosis, whereas a high level of EGFR ligands confers an improved prognosis. Thus, increased EGFR ligand levels shift the role of EGFR from oncogene to tumour suppressor in EGFR-amplified glioblastomas by suppressing invasion. The tumour-suppressive function of EGFR can be activated therapeutically using tofacitinib, which suppresses invasion by increasing EGFR ligand levels and upregulating BIN3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Guo
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ke Gong
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nicole Beckley
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyao Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rati Chkheidze
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kimmo J Hatanpaa
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tomas Garzon-Muvdi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Prasad Koduru
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Arifa Nayab
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Jenks
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adwait Amod Sathe
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shwu-Yuan Wu
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pharamacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cheng-Ming Chiang
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pharamacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bipasha Mukherjee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sandeep Burma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bryan Wohlfeld
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Toral Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bruce Mickey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kalil Abdullah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael Youssef
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Edward Pan
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David E Gerber
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shulan Tian
- Department of Quantitative Heath Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Samuel K McBrayer
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dawen Zhao
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Amyn A Habib
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Role of Senescence in Tumorigenesis and Anticancer Therapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5969536. [PMID: 35342397 PMCID: PMC8956409 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5969536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of senescence in many physiological and pathological processes is becoming more identifiable, many aspects of senescence are still enigmatic. A special attention is paid to the role of this phenomenon in tumor development and therapy. This review mainly deals with a large spectrum of oncological issues, beginning with therapy-induced senescence and ending with oncogene-induced senescence. Moreover, the role of senescence in experimental approaches, such as primary cancer cell culture or reprogramming into stem cells, is also beginning to receive further consideration. Additional focus is made on senescence resulting from mitotic catastrophe processes triggered by events occurring during mitosis and jeopardizing chromosomal stability. It has to be also realized that based on recent findings, the basics of senescent cell property interpretation, such as irreversibility of proliferation blockade, can be undermined. It shows that the definition of senescence probably requires updating. Finally, the role of senescence is lately more understandable in the immune system, especially since senescence can diminish the effectiveness of the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding all these issues.
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DePalma TJ, Sivakumar H, Skardal A. Strategies for developing complex multi-component in vitro tumor models: Highlights in glioblastoma. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114067. [PMID: 34822927 PMCID: PMC10560581 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many research groups have begun to utilize bioengineered in vitro models of cancer to study mechanisms of disease progression, test drug candidates, and develop platforms to advance personalized drug treatment options. Due to advances in cell and tissue engineering over the last few decades, there are now a myriad of tools that can be used to create such in vitro systems. In this review, we describe the considerations one must take when developing model systems that accurately mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment (TME) and can be used to answer specific scientific questions. We will summarize the importance of cell sourcing in models with one or multiple cell types and outline the importance of choosing biomaterials that accurately mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tumor or tissue that is being modeled. We then provide examples of how these two components can be used in concert in a variety of model form factors and conclude by discussing how biofabrication techniques such as bioprinting and organ-on-a-chip fabrication can be used to create highly reproducible complex in vitro models. Since this topic has a broad range of applications, we use the final section of the review to dive deeper into one type of cancer, glioblastoma, to illustrate how these components come together to further our knowledge of cancer biology and move us closer to developing novel drugs and systems that improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J DePalma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hemamylammal Sivakumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Aleksander Skardal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Zanoni M, Cortesi M, Zamagni A, Arienti C, Pignatta S, Tesei A. Modeling neoplastic disease with spheroids and organoids. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:97. [PMID: 32677979 PMCID: PMC7364537 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease in which both genetic defects and microenvironmental components contribute to the development, progression, and metastasization of disease, representing major hurdles in the identification of more effective and safer treatment regimens for patients. Three-dimensional (3D) models are changing the paradigm of preclinical cancer research as they more closely resemble the complex tissue environment and architecture found in clinical tumors than in bidimensional (2D) cell cultures. Among 3D models, spheroids and organoids represent the most versatile and promising models in that they are capable of recapitulating the heterogeneity and pathophysiology of human cancers and of filling the gap between conventional 2D in vitro testing and animal models. Such 3D systems represent a powerful tool for studying cancer biology, enabling us to model the dynamic evolution of neoplastic disease from the early stages to metastatic dissemination and the interactions with the microenvironment. Spheroids and organoids have recently been used in the field of drug discovery and personalized medicine. The combined use of 3D models could potentially improve the robustness and reliability of preclinical research data, reducing the need for animal testing and favoring their transition to clinical practice. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the use of these 3D systems for cancer modeling, focusing on their innovative translational applications, looking at future challenges, and comparing them with most widely used animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Zanoni
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy.
| | - Michela Cortesi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Alice Zamagni
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Arienti
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Sara Pignatta
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Anna Tesei
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy.
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7
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EGFR vIII: An Oncogene with Ambiguous Role. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:1092587. [PMID: 32089685 PMCID: PMC7024087 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1092587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) seems to constitute the perfect therapeutic target for glioblastoma (GB), as it is specifically present on up to 28–30% of GB cells. In case of other tumor types, expression and possible role of this oncogene still remain controversial. In spite of EGFRvIII mechanism of action being crucial for the design of small active anticancer molecules and immunotherapies, i.e., CAR-T technology, it is yet to be precisely defined. EGFRvIII is known to be resistant to degradation, but it is still unclear whether it heterodimerizes with EGF-activated wild-type EGFR (EGFRWT) or homodimerizes (including covalent homodimerization). Constitutive kinase activity of this mutated receptor is relatively low, and some researchers even claim that a nuclear, but not a membrane function, is crucial for its activity. Based on the analyses of recurrent tumors that are often lacking EGFRvIII expression despite its initial presence in corresponding primary foci, this oncogene is suggested to play a marginal role during later stages of carcinogenesis, while even in primary tumors EGFRvIII expression is detected only in a small percentage of tumor cells, undermining the rationality of EGFRvIII-targeting therapies. On the other hand, EGFRvIII-positive cells are resistant to apoptosis, more invasive, and characterized with enhanced proliferation rate. Moreover, expression of this oncogenic receptor was also postulated to be a marker of cancer stem cells. Opinions regarding the role that EGFRvIII plays in tumorigenesis and for tumor aggressiveness are clearly contradictory and, therefore, it is crucial not only to determine its mechanism of action, but also to unambiguously define its role at early and advanced cancer stages.
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8
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Stec WJ, Rosiak K, Siejka P, Peciak J, Popeda M, Banaszczyk M, Pawlowska R, Treda C, Hulas-Bigoszewska K, Piaskowski S, Stoczynska-Fidelus E, Rieske P. Cell line with endogenous EGFRvIII expression is a suitable model for research and drug development purposes. Oncotarget 2017; 7:31907-25. [PMID: 27004406 PMCID: PMC5077985 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant brain tumor, characterized by high cellular heterogeneity. About 50% of glioblastomas are positive for EGFR amplification, half of which express accompanying EGFR mutation, encoding truncated and constitutively active receptor termed EGFRvIII. Currently, no cell models suitable for development of EGFRvIII-targeting drugs exist, while the available ones lack the intratumoral heterogeneity or extrachromosomal nature of EGFRvIII. The reports regarding the biology of EGFRvIII expressed in the stable cell lines are often contradictory in observations and conclusions. In the present study, we use DK-MG cell line carrying endogenous non-modified EGFRvIII amplicons and derive a sub-line that is near depleted of amplicons, whilst remaining identical on the chromosomal level. By direct comparison of the two lines, we demonstrate positive effects of EGFRvIII on cell invasiveness and populational growth as a result of elevated cell survival but not proliferation rate. Investigation of the PI3K/Akt indicated no differences between the lines, whilst NFκB pathway was over-active in the line strongly expressing EGFRvIII, finding further supported by the effects of NFκB pathway specific inhibitors. Taken together, these results confirm the important role of EGFRvIII in intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of tumor behavior. Moreover, the proposed models are stable, making them suitable for research purposes as well as drug development process utilizing high throughput approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech J Stec
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Rosiak
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Siejka
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Peciak
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Popeda
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Roza Pawlowska
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Treda
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Sylwester Piaskowski
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Stoczynska-Fidelus
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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9
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Chistiakov DA, Chekhonin IV, Chekhonin VP. The EGFR variant III mutant as a target for immunotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 810:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Witusik-Perkowska M, Zakrzewska M, Sikorska B, Papierz W, Jaskolski DJ, Szemraj J, Liberski PP. Glioblastoma-derived cells in vitro unveil the spectrum of drug resistance capability - comparative study of tumour chemosensitivity in different culture systems. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170058. [PMID: 28522553 PMCID: PMC5964726 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to cancer drugs is a complex phenomenon which could be influenced by in vitro conditions. However, tumour-derived cell cultures are routinely used for studies related to mechanisms of drug responsiveness or the search for new therapeutic approaches. The purpose of our work was to identify the potential differences in drug resistance and response to treatment of glioblastoma with the use of three in vitro models: traditional adherent culture, serum-free spheroid culture and novel adherent serum-free culture.The experimental models were evaluated according to 'stemness state' and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) status, invasion capability and their expression pattern of genes related to the phenomenon of tumour drug resistance. Additionally, the response to drug treatments of three different culture models was compared with regard to the type of cell death.Multi-gene expression profiling revealed differences between examined culture types with regard to the expression pattern of the selected genes. Functionally, the examined genes were related to drug resistance and metabolism, DNA damage and repair and cell cycle control, and included potential therapeutic targets.Cytotoxicity analyses confirmed that environmental factors can influence not only the molecular background of glioblastoma drug-resistance and efficiency of treatment, but also the mechanisms/pathways of cell death, which was reflected by a distinct intensification of apoptosis and autophagy observed in particular culture models. Our results suggest that parallel exploitation of different in vitro experimental models can be used to reveal the spectrum of cancer cell resistance capability, especially regarding intra-heterogeneous glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Witusik-Perkowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zakrzewska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Sikorska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wielislaw Papierz
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dariusz J Jaskolski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Oncology of Central Nervous System, Medical University of Lodz, Barlicki University Hospital, Kopcińskiego 22, Lodz 90-153, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Pawel P Liberski
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
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11
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EGFR Amplification and Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:427518. [PMID: 26136784 PMCID: PMC4468289 DOI: 10.1155/2015/427518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common malignant brain tumor in adults, contains a subpopulation of cells with a stem-like phenotype (GS-cells). GS-cells can be maintained in vitro using serum-free medium supplemented with epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor-2, and heparin. However, this method does not conserve amplification of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene, which is present in over 50% of all newly diagnosed GBM cases. GS-cells with retained EGFR amplification could overcome the limitations of current in vitro model systems and contribute significantly to preclinical research on EGFR-targeted therapy. This review recapitulates recent methodological approaches to expand stem-like cells from GBM with different EGFR status in order to maintain EGFR-dependent intratumoral heterogeneity in vitro. Further, it will summarize the current knowledge about the impact of EGFR amplification and overexpression on the stem-like phenotype of GBM-derived GS-cells and different approaches to target the EGFR-dependent GS-cell compartment of GBM.
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12
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Tanase C, Albulescu R, Codrici E, Popescu ID, Mihai S, Enciu AM, Cruceru ML, Popa AC, Neagu AI, Necula LG, Mambet C, Neagu M. Circulating biomarker panels for targeted therapy in brain tumors. Future Oncol 2015; 11:511-24. [PMID: 25241806 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An important goal of oncology is the development of cancer risk-identifier biomarkers that aid early detection and target therapy. High-throughput profiling represents a major concern for cancer research, including brain tumors. A promising approach for efficacious monitoring of disease progression and therapy could be circulating biomarker panels using molecular proteomic patterns. Tailoring treatment by targeting specific protein-protein interactions and signaling networks, microRNA and cancer stem cell signaling in accordance with tumor phenotype or patient clustering based on biomarker panels represents the future of personalized medicine for brain tumors. Gathering current data regarding biomarker candidates, we address the major challenges surrounding the biomarker field of this devastating tumor type, exploring potential perspectives for the development of more effective predictive biomarker panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Tanase
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, no 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Sector 5 Bucharest, Romania
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13
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Autelitano F, Loyaux D, Roudières S, Déon C, Guette F, Fabre P, Ping Q, Wang S, Auvergne R, Badarinarayana V, Smith M, Guillemot JC, Goldman SA, Natesan S, Ferrara P, August P. Identification of novel tumor-associated cell surface sialoglycoproteins in human glioblastoma tumors using quantitative proteomics. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110316. [PMID: 25360666 PMCID: PMC4216004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) remains clinical indication with significant “unmet medical need”. Innovative new therapy to eliminate residual tumor cells and prevent tumor recurrences is critically needed for this deadly disease. A major challenge of GBM research has been the identification of novel molecular therapeutic targets and accurate diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers. Many of the current clinical therapeutic targets of immunotoxins and ligand-directed toxins for high-grade glioma (HGG) cells are surface sialylated glycoproteins. Therefore, methods that systematically and quantitatively analyze cell surface sialoglycoproteins in human clinical tumor samples would be useful for the identification of potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for malignant gliomas. In this study, we used the bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy (BOCR) in combination with label-free quantitative mass spectrometry (LFQ-MS) to characterize and accurately quantify the individual cell surface sialoproteome in human GBM tissues, in fetal, adult human astrocytes, and in human neural progenitor cells (NPCs). We identified and quantified a total of 843 proteins, including 801 glycoproteins. Among the 843 proteins, 606 (72%) are known cell surface or secreted glycoproteins, including 156 CD-antigens, all major classes of cell surface receptor proteins, transporters, and adhesion proteins. Our findings identified several known as well as new cell surface antigens whose expression is predominantly restricted to human GBM tumors as confirmed by microarray transcription profiling, quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. This report presents the comprehensive identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of malignant gliomas using quantitative sialoglycoproteomics with clinically relevant, patient derived primary glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Autelitano
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Denis Loyaux
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Roudières
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Déon
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédérique Guette
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Fabre
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Qinggong Ping
- ALS Therapy Development Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Romane Auvergne
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Michael Smith
- Sanofi Tucson Research Center, Oro Valley, Arizona, United States of America
| | | | - Steven A. Goldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Pascual Ferrara
- Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Centre de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul August
- Sanofi Tucson Research Center, Oro Valley, Arizona, United States of America
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14
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Emlet DR, Gupta P, Holgado-Madruga M, Del Vecchio CA, Mitra SS, Han SY, Li G, Jensen KC, Vogel H, Xu LW, Skirboll SS, Wong AJ. Targeting a glioblastoma cancer stem-cell population defined by EGF receptor variant III. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1238-49. [PMID: 24366881 PMCID: PMC5661963 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between mutated proteins and the cancer stem-cell population is unclear. Glioblastoma tumors frequently express EGFRvIII, an EGF receptor (EGFR) variant that arises via gene rearrangement and amplification. However, expression of EGFRvIII is restricted despite the prevalence of the alteration. Here, we show that EGFRvIII is highly coexpressed with CD133 and that EGFRvIII(+)/CD133(+) defines the population of cancer stem cells (CSC) with the highest degree of self-renewal and tumor-initiating ability. EGFRvIII(+) cells are associated with other stem/progenitor markers, whereas markers of differentiation are found in EGFRvIII(-) cells. EGFRvIII expression is lost in standard cell culture, but its expression is maintained in tumor sphere culture, and cultured cells also retain the EGFRvIII(+)/CD133(+) coexpression, self-renewal, and tumor initiating abilities. Elimination of the EGFRvIII(+)/CD133(+) population using a bispecific antibody reduced tumorigenicity of implanted tumor cells better than any reagent directed against a single epitope. This work demonstrates that a mutated oncogene can have CSC-specific expression and be used to specifically target this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Emlet
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratories, Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Puja Gupta
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratories, Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Marina Holgado-Madruga
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, IBSAL, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, C/Alfonso X El Sabio s/n. 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Siddhartha S. Mitra
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Shuang-Yin Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gordon Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 943005
| | - Kristin C. Jensen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, 94305
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Linda Wei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 943005
| | - Stephen S. Skirboll
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 943005
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Albert J. Wong
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratories, Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305
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15
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Stoczynska-Fidelus E, Piaskowski S, Bienkowski M, Banaszczyk M, Hulas-Bigoszewska K, Winiecka-Klimek M, Radomiak-Zaluska A, Och W, Borowiec M, Zieba J, Treda C, Rieske P. The failure in the stabilization of glioblastoma-derived cell lines: spontaneous in vitro senescence as the main culprit. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87136. [PMID: 24498027 PMCID: PMC3910690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell line analysis is an important element of cancer research. Despite the progress in glioblastoma cell culturing, the cells isolated from the majority of specimens cannot be propagated infinitely in vitro. The aim of this study was to identify the processes responsible for the stabilization failure. Therefore, we analyzed 56 primary GB cultures, 7 of which were stabilized. Our results indicate that senescence is primarily responsible for the glioblastoma cell line stabilization failure, while mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis play a minor role. Moreover, a new technical approach allowed for a more profound analysis of the senescent cells in primary cultures, including the distinction between tumor and normal cells. In addition, we observed that glioblastoma cells in primary cultures have a varied potential to undergo spontaneous in vitro senescence, which is often higher than that of the normal cells infiltrating the tumor. Thus, this is the first report of GB cells in primary cell cultures (including both monolayer and spheroid conditions) rapidly and spontaneously becoming senescent. Intriguingly, our data also suggest that nearly half of GB cell lines have a combination of TP53 mutation and CDKN2A homozygous deletion, which are considered as mutually exclusive in glioblastoma. Moreover, recognition of the mechanisms of senescence and mitotic catastrophe in glioblastoma cells may be a step towards a potential new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michal Bienkowski
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Krystyna Hulas-Bigoszewska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Anna Radomiak-Zaluska
- Neurological Surgery, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Regional Specialist Hospital in Zgierz, Zgierz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Waldemar Och
- Clinical Department of Neurosurgery, The Voivodal Specialistic Hospital in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Warmia and Masuria, Poland
| | - Maciej Borowiec
- Department of Paediatrics, Oncology, Haematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Zieba
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Treda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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16
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Gan HK, Cvrljevic AN, Johns TG. The epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII): where wild things are altered. FEBS J 2013; 280:5350-70. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui K. Gan
- Tumour Targeting Program; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Anna N. Cvrljevic
- Oncogenic Signaling Laboratory; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Terrance G. Johns
- Oncogenic Signaling Laboratory; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
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17
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Cruceru ML, Enciu AM, Popa AC, Albulescu R, Neagu M, Tanase CP, Constantinescu SN. Signal transduction molecule patterns indicating potential glioblastoma therapy approaches. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:1737-49. [PMID: 24348050 PMCID: PMC3848931 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s52365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The expression of an array of signaling molecules, along with the assessment of real-time cell proliferation, has been performed in U87 glioma cell line and in patients' glioblastoma established cell cultures in order to provide a better understanding of cellular and molecular events involved in glioblastoma pathogenesis. Experimental therapy was performed using a phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. PATIENTS AND METHODS xMAP technology was employed to assess expression levels of several signal transduction molecules and real-time xCELLigence platform for cell behavior. RESULTS PI3K inhibition induced the most significant effects on global signaling pathways in patient-derived cell cultures, especially on members of the mitogen-activated protein-kinase family, P70S6 serine-threonine kinase, and cAMP response element-binding protein expression and further prevented tumor cell proliferation. CONCLUSION The PI3K pathway might be a prime target for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Linda Cruceru
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Enciu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bucharest, Romania ; Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania ; Operational Sectorial Programme for Competitive Economic Growth Canbioprot at Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Claudiu Popa
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bucharest, Romania ; Army Centre for Medical Research, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Albulescu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania ; National Institute for Chemical Pharmaceutical R&D, Bucharest, Romania ; Operational Sectorial Programme for Competitive Economic Growth Canbioprot at Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania ; Operational Sectorial Programme for Competitive Economic Growth Canbioprot at Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristiana Pistol Tanase
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania ; Operational Sectorial Programme for Competitive Economic Growth Canbioprot at Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefan N Constantinescu
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium ; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium ; Operational Sectorial Programme for Competitive Economic Growth Canbioprot at Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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18
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Eimer S, Dugay F, Airiau K, Avril T, Quillien V, Belaud-Rotureau MA, Belloc F. Cyclopamine cooperates with EGFR inhibition to deplete stem-like cancer cells in glioblastoma-derived spheroid cultures. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:1441-51. [PMID: 23104476 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Putative cancer stem cells have been identified in glioblastoma (GBM), associated with resistance to conventional therapies. Overcoming this resistance is a major challenge to manage this deadly brain tumor. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is commonly amplified, over-expressed, and/or mutated in GBM, making it a compelling target for therapy. This study investigates the behavior of 3 primary neurosphere (NS) cell lines and their adherent counterparts originated from human GBM resections, when treated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib, associated or not with cyclopamine, a hedgehog pathway inhibitor. Adherent cells cultured in the presence of serum expressed the glial fibrillary acidic protein, whereas NS-forming cells cultured in serum-free medium expressed CD133, nestin, and Oct-4, markers of neural stem and progenitor cells. For the 3 adherent cell lines, erlotinib has a moderate effect (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50], >10 µM). Conversely, erlotinib induced a strong cell growth inhibition (IC50, <1 µM) on NS-forming cells, related to the EGFR gene amplification and EGFR protein expression. A short exposure to erlotinib reduced nestin-positive cell proliferation, but NS-initiating activity and self-renewal were not altered. EGFR pathway seems essential for GBM progenitor cell proliferation but dispensable for cancer stem-like cell self-renewal. Inhibition of hedgehog pathway with cyclopamine was evaluated in association with erlotinib on NS growth. Although each drug separately had no effect on sphere initiation, their combination significantly decreased the sphere number (P < .001). Our findings show synergic efficiency for erlotinib-cyclopamine association and provide a suitable in vitro model to explore drug combinations on GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Eimer
- EA 2406 Histology and Molecular Pathology of Tumors Laboratory, Léo Saignat Victor Segalen University, Bordeaux, France.
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19
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EGFRvIII gene rearrangement is an early event in glioblastoma tumorigenesis and expression defines a hierarchy modulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Oncogene 2012; 32:2670-81. [PMID: 22797070 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Amplification and rearrangements of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are frequently found in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The most common variant is EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII). Research suggests that EGFRvIII could be a marker for a cancer stem cell or tumor-initiating population. If amplification and rearrangement are early events in tumorigenesis, this implies that they should be preserved throughout the tumor. However, in primary GBM, EGFRvIII expression is focal and sporadic. Unexpectedly, we found EGFR amplification and rearrangement throughout the tumor, including regions with no EGFRvIII expression, suggesting that mechanisms exist to modulate EGFRvIII expression even in the presence of high gene amplification. To study this phenomenon, we characterized three GBM cell lines with endogenous EGFRvIII. EGFRvIII expression was heterogeneous, with both positive and negative populations maintaining the genetic alterations, akin to primary tumors. Furthermore, EGFRvIII defined a hierarchy where EGFRvIII-positive cells gave rise to additional positive and negative cells. Only cells that had recently lost EGFRvIII expression could re-express EGFRvIII, providing an important buffer for maintaining EGFRvIII-positive cell numbers. Epigenetic mechanisms had a role in maintaining heterogeneous EGFRvIII expression. Demethylation induced a 20-60% increase in the percentage of EGFRvIII-positive cells, indicating that some cells could re-express EGFRvIII. Surprisingly, inhibition of histone deacetylation resulted in a 50-80% reduction in EGFRvIII expression. Collectively, this data demonstrates that EGFR amplification and rearrangement are early events in tumorigenesis and EGFRvIII follows a model of hierarchical expression. Furthermore, EGFRvIII expression is restricted by epigenetic mechanisms, suggesting that drugs that modulate the epigenome might be used successfully in glioblastoma tumors.
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20
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Del Vecchio CA, Li G, Wong AJ. Targeting EGF receptor variant III: tumor-specific peptide vaccination for malignant gliomas. Expert Rev Vaccines 2012; 11:133-44. [PMID: 22309662 DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and deadly of the human brain cancers. The EGF receptor is often amplified in GBM and provides a potential therapeutic target. However, targeting the normal receptor is complicated by its nearly ubiquitous and high level of expression in certain tissues. A naturally occurring deletion mutant of the EGF receptor, EGFRvIII, is a constitutively active variant originally identified in a high percentage of brain cancer cases, and more importantly is rarely found in normal tissue. A peptide vaccine, rindopepimut (CDX-110, Celldex Therapeutics), is directed against the novel exon 1-8 junction produced by the EGFRvIII deletion, and it has shown high efficacy in preclinical models. Recent Phase II clinical trials in patients with newly diagnosed GBM have shown EGFRvIII-specific immune responses and significantly increased time to progression and overall survival in those receiving vaccine therapy, as compared with published results for standard of care. Rindopepimut therefore represents a very promising therapy for patients with GBM.
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21
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Intratumoral heterogeneity of receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR and PDGFRA amplification in glioblastoma defines subpopulations with distinct growth factor response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:3041-6. [PMID: 22323597 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1114033109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is distinguished by a high degree of intratumoral heterogeneity, which extends to the pattern of expression and amplification of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Although most GBMs harbor RTK amplifications, clinical trials of small-molecule inhibitors targeting individual RTKs have been disappointing to date. Activation of multiple RTKs within individual GBMs provides a theoretical mechanism of resistance; however, the spectrum of functional RTK dependence among tumor cell subpopulations in actual tumors is unknown. We investigated the pattern of heterogeneity of RTK amplification and functional RTK dependence in GBM tumor cell subpopulations. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas GBM dataset identified 34 of 463 cases showing independent focal amplification of two or more RTKs, most commonly platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed on eight samples with EGFR and PDGFRA amplification, revealing distinct tumor cell subpopulations amplified for only one RTK; in all cases these predominated over cells amplified for both. Cell lines derived from coamplified tumors exhibited genotype selection under RTK-targeted ligand stimulation or pharmacologic inhibition in vitro. Simultaneous inhibition of both EGFR and PDGFR was necessary for abrogation of PI3 kinase pathway activity in the mixed population. DNA sequencing of isolated subpopulations establishes a common clonal origin consistent with late or ongoing divergence of RTK genotype. This phenomenon is especially common among tumors with PDGFRA amplification: overall, 43% of PDGFRA-amplified GBM were found to have amplification of EGFR or the hepatocyte growth factor receptor gene (MET) as well.
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22
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Kinsella P, Howley R, Doolan P, Clarke C, Madden SF, Clynes M, Farrell M, Amberger-Murphy V. Characterization and response of newly developed high-grade glioma cultures to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, erlotinib, gefitinib and imatinib. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:641-52. [PMID: 22285130 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGG), are the most common aggressive brain tumours in adults. Inhibitors targeting growth factor signalling pathways in glioma have shown a low clinical response rate. To accurately evaluate response to targeted therapies further in vitro studies are necessary. Growth factor pathway expression using epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mutant EGFR (EGFRvIII), platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), C-Kit and C-Abl together with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression and downstream activation of AKT and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (P70S6K) was analysed in 26 primary glioma cultures treated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) erlotinib, gefitinib and imatinib. Response to TKIs was assessed using 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)). Response for each culture was compared with the EGFR/PDGFR immunocytochemical pathway profile using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Erlotinib response was not strongly associated with high expression of the growth factor pathway components. PTEN expression did not correlate with response to any of the three TKIs. Increased EGFR expression was associated with gefitinib response; increased PDGFR-α expression was associated with imatinib response. The results of this in vitro study suggest gefitinib and imatinib may have therapeutic potential in HGG tumours with a corresponding growth factor receptor expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Kinsella
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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De Silva T, Ye G, Liang YY, Fu G, Xu G, Peng C. Nodal promotes glioblastoma cell growth. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:59. [PMID: 22645523 PMCID: PMC3355829 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nodal is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily that plays critical roles during embryogenesis. Recent studies in ovarian, breast, prostate, and skin cancer cells suggest that Nodal also regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion in cancer cells. However, it appears to exert both tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting effects, depending on the cell type. To further understand the role of Nodal in tumorigenesis, we examined the effect of Nodal in glioblastoma cell growth and spheroid formation using U87 cell line. Treatment of U87 with recombinant Nodal significantly increased U87 cell growth. In U87 cells stably transfected with the plasmid encoding Nodal, Smad2 phosphorylation was strongly induced and cell growth was significantly enhanced. Overexpression of Nodal also resulted in tight spheroid formation. On the other hand, the cells stably transfected with Nodal siRNA formed loose spheroids. Nodal is known to signal through activin receptor-like kinase 4 (ALK4) and ALK7 and the Smad2/3 pathway. To determine which receptor and Smad mediate the growth promoting effect of Nodal, we transfected siRNAs targeting ALK4, ALK7, Smad2, or Smad3 into Nodal-overexpressing cells and observed that cell growth was significantly inhibited by ALK4, ALK7, and Smad3 siRNAs. Taken together, these findings suggest that Nodal may have tumor-promoting effects on glioblastoma cells and these effects are mediated by ALK4, ALK7, and Smad3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya De Silva
- Department of Biology, York UniversityToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gang Ye
- Department of Biology, York UniversityToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yao-Yun Liang
- Department of Biology, York UniversityToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Guodong Fu
- Department of Biology, York UniversityToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Department of Biology, York UniversityToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chun Peng
- Department of Biology, York UniversityToronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Chun Peng, Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3. e-mail:
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Piaskowski S, Bienkowski M, Stoczynska-Fidelus E, Stawski R, Sieruta M, Szybka M, Papierz W, Wolanczyk M, Jaskolski DJ, Liberski PP, Rieske P. Glioma cells showing IDH1 mutation cannot be propagated in standard cell culture conditions. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:968-70. [PMID: 21326241 PMCID: PMC3065269 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has recently been reported by several sources that original (i.e., present in vivo) glioma cell phenotypes or genotypes cannot be maintained in vitro. For example, glioblastoma cell lines presenting EGFR amplification cannot be established. METHODS AND RESULTS IDH1 sequencing and loss of heterozygosity analysis was performed for 15 surgery samples of astrocytoma and early and late passages of cells derived from those and for 11 archival samples. We were not able to culture tumour cells presenting IDH1 mutations originating from currently proceeded 10 tumours; the same results were observed in 7 samples of archival material. CONCLUSION The IDH1 mutation is expected to be almost mutually exclusive with EGFR amplification, so glioma cells with IDH1 mutations seem to represent a new group of tumour cells, which cannot be readily analysed in vitro because of their elimination. The reasons for this intriguing phenomenon should be investigated since its understanding can help to define a new therapeutic approach based on simulating in vivo conditions, responsible for tumour cells elimination in vitro. Moreover, a new model for culturing glioma cells in vitro should be designed since the current one does not provide conditions corresponding to in vivo growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Piaskowski
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10 Street, Lodz 92-216, Poland
| | - M Bienkowski
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10 Street, Lodz 92-216, Poland
| | - E Stoczynska-Fidelus
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10 Street, Lodz 92-216, Poland
| | - R Stawski
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10 Street, Lodz 92-216, Poland
| | - M Sieruta
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10 Street, Lodz 92-216, Poland
| | - M Szybka
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10 Street, Lodz 92-216, Poland
| | - W Papierz
- Department of Pathomorfology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10 Street, Lodz 92-216, Poland
| | - M Wolanczyk
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10 Street, Lodz 92-216, Poland
| | - D J Jaskolski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 22 Street, Lodz 90-153, Poland
| | - P P Liberski
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10 Street, Lodz 92-216, Poland
| | - P Rieske
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10 Street, Lodz 92-216, Poland
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