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Cai C, Wang WX. Reduced copper uptake and efflux by the mussel Mytilus coruscus after Cu exposure: Implication for biomonitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 362:124956. [PMID: 39278560 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
The hard-shell mussels Mytilus coruscus have been extensively employed in pollution biomonitoring. Earlier studies indicated that metal concentrations in Mytilus coruscus may not accurately reflect the true metal contamination levels in the sampling areas, possibly due to their modified metal uptake and efflux. Given the likelihood of mussels in the field being exposed to intermittent metal contaminants, this study investigated whether different Cu pre-exposures significantly affected its uptake and efflux upon Cu exposure. We found significant reduction in Cu uptake rate constant (ku) and efflux rate constant (ke) in the mussels with varying Cu pre-exposure regimes. Specifically, the ku decreased from 1.55 ± 0.37 L g-1 d-1 in the control group to 0.65 ± 0.19 after 5 days and 0.53 ± 0.28 after 15 days of exposure to 20 μg L-1 Cu, respectively, and then was further reduced to as low as 0.096 ± 0.046 L g-1 d-1 following a 5-day exposure at 50 μg L-1 Cu. Similarly, the ke decreased from 0.18 ± 0.020 to 0.15 ± 0.015 d-1 following 5-15 days of exposure to 20 μg L-1 Cu, and further decreased to 0.081 ± 0.023 d-1 after a 5-day exposure at 50 μg L-1 Cu. Our subcellular distribution analysis underscored the critical role of the metallothionein-like protein (MTLP) fraction in modifying both Cu ku and ke during the rapid-depuration phase (ke1), whereas the metal-rich granule (MRG) fraction influenced the ke during the second depuration phase (ke2). This study demonstrated that environmental assessments utilizing biomonitoring species should consider the exposure of these organisms to ensure accurate interpretations of metal contamination in marine ecosystems and enhance the effectiveness of these species in environmental monitoring. This crucial factor is often overlooked, potentially skewing data and leading to misinterpretations of environmental health and pollution levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhi Cai
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Chen Z, Liu J, Zheng M, Mo M, Hu X, Liu C, Pathak JL, Wang L, Chen L. TRIM24-DTNBP1-ATP7A mediated astrocyte cuproptosis in cognition and memory dysfunction caused by Y 2O 3 NPs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176353. [PMID: 39304169 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y2O3 NPs), extensively utilized rare earth nanoparticles, exhibited a diverse range of applications across various fields, which leading to increased human exposure. Moreover, potential neurotoxic risks have been associated with their use, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Y2O3 NPs on cognitive function in rats with a particular focus on elucidating the pivotal role played by astrocytes in this process. The results demonstrated that Y2O3 NPs induced cognitive and memory impairment in rats, copper (Cu) accumulation and cuproptosis of astrocytes as contributing factors. Furthermore, we elucidated that Y2O3 NPs induced astrocytes cuproptosis by inhibiting TRIM24/DTNBP1/ATP7A signaling pathway-mediated cellular Cu efflux. We provide, for the first time, the important involvement of astrocytes in Y2O3 NPs-induced neurotoxicity, elucidating that cuproptosis as the primary mode of cell death. These results offer valuable insights for the future safe application of rare earth nanoparticles in field of neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Chen
- Department of orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manjia Zheng
- Department of orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhua Mo
- Department of orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Department of orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Janak Lal Pathak
- Department of orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Department of orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangjiao Chen
- Department of orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Gu J, Guo C, Ruan J, Li K, Zhou Y, Gong X, Shi H. From ferroptosis to cuproptosis, and calcicoptosis, to find more novel metals-mediated distinct form of regulated cell death. Apoptosis 2024; 29:586-604. [PMID: 38324163 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD), also known as programmed cell death (PCD), plays a critical role in various biological processes, such as tissue injury/repair, development, and homeostasis. Dysregulation of RCD pathways can lead to the development of many human diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Maintaining proper metal ion homeostasis is critical for human health. However, imbalances in metal levels within cells can result in cytotoxicity and cell death, leading to a variety of diseases and health problems. In recent years, new types of metal overload-induced cell death have been identified, including ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and calcicoptosis. This has prompted us to examine the three defined metal-dependent cell death types, and discuss other metals-induced ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis, as well as the roles of Zn2+ in metals' homeostasis and related RCD. We have reviewed the connection between metals-induced RCD and various diseases, as well as the underlying mechanisms. We believe that further research in this area will lead to the discovery of novel types of metal-dependent RCD, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, and the development of new therapeutic strategies for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Chuanzhi Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jiacheng Ruan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Kongdong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Haifeng Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Mitsumoto H, Garofalo DC, Gilmore M, Andrews L, Santella RM, Andrews H, McElhiney M, Murphy J, Nieves JW, Rabkin J, Hupf J, Horton DK, Mehta P, Factor-Litvak P. Case-control study in ALS using the National ALS Registry: lead and agricultural chemicals are potential risk factors. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2021; 23:190-202. [PMID: 34137650 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2021.1936556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To identify occupational risk factors for ALS using well-characterized participants with ALS (P-ALS), sibling controls (S-controls), and matched population controls (P-controls) within the National ALS Registry. We also compared oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers between groups. Methods: P-ALS were recruited over 4 years. Demographic, socioeconomic, and medical data were ascertained from medical records and structured interviews. P-ALS were followed prospectively for 2 years or until death, whichever came sooner. S-controls and age-, sex-, race/ethnicity-, and residential location-matched P-controls were recruited over 3 years. Occupational exposure to lead and agricultural chemicals (ACs) were assigned by an occupational hygienist, blinded to case status. OS biomarkers in urine were measured. Results: P-ALS (mean age 62.8 years; 63% males) resided across the United States. Demographic and socioeconomic variables did not differ among P-ALS, S-controls, and P-controls. P-ALS were more likely to report occupations with exposure to lead (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.3, 95% CI 1.1, 4.6) and ACs (aOR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.2, 4.6) compared to pooled controls. Among those with occupations with exposure to both lead and ACs, aOR was 7.2 (95% CI 2.0, 26.1). Urinary 8-oxo-dG was significantly elevated among P-ALS (11.07 ± 5.42 ng/mL) compared to S-controls, P-controls, or pooled controls (pooled 7.43 ± 5.42 ng/mL; p < 0.0001) but was not associated with occupational exposure to either lead or ACs. Conclusions: Findings reveal increased risk of ALS diagnosis among those with occupational exposure to lead and ACs and increased OS biomarkers among cases compared to controls. OS may be an important pathogenic mechanism in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Mitsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana C Garofalo
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madison Gilmore
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leslie Andrews
- Department of Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Regina M Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Howard Andrews
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin McElhiney
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, and
| | - Jeri W Nieves
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judith Rabkin
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Hupf
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Kevin Horton
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry (CDC/ATSDR), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paul Mehta
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry (CDC/ATSDR), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Patti F, Fiore M, Chisari CG, D'Amico E, Lo Fermo S, Toscano S, Copat C, Ferrante M, Zappia M. CSF neurotoxic metals/metalloids levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: comparison between bulbar and spinal onset. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109820. [PMID: 32615355 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes progressive and irreversible damage in motor neurons. Different causal hypotheses include genetic, viral, traumatic and environmental mechanisms, such as exposure to heavy metals. The aim of this study was to compare metal/metalloid levels in cerebro-spinal fluid of ALS subtypes (spinal vs bulbar clinical onset). MATERIAL AND METHODS This observational study consecutively screened all ALS patients referring to the Neurology Clinic of the University of Catania (Italy). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to quantify magnesium (Mg), cuprum (Cu), selenium (Se), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn), alluminium (Al), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and palladium (Pd) levels. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients were enrolled (62.2% females), median age of 65 years (IQR: 59-71 years). Thirty-one (83.8%) patients had a spinal onset and 6 (16.2%) a bulbar onset. Se and As levels were higher compared to the reference values (RV) both in spinal and bulbar onset, while Cu was higher than RV only in bulbar onset. Moreover, Cu (129.8 μg/L vs 29.8 μg/L), Fe (54.5 μg/L vs 33.3 μg/L), Mn (3.4 μg/L vs 1.8 μg/L), Zn (46.1 μg/L vs 35.7 μg/L), Al (12.2 μg/L vs 6.7 μg/L), Ni (2.80 μg/L vs 1.40 μg/L), and Pb (0.60 μg/L vs 0.30 μg/L) levels were higher in bulbar than in spinal onset, conversely As was slightly higher in spinal than in bulbar onset (1.40 μg/L vs 1.10 μg/L). Overall, Cu (129 μg/L vs 31 μg/L), Fe (92.2 μg/L vs 32.9 μg/L), Mn (3.35 μg/L vs 1.80 μg/L), Zn (56.5 μg/L vs 35.2 μg/L), Al (14.45 μg/L vs 6.70 μg/L), and Cd (0.40 μg/L vs 0.08 μg/L) levels were higher in patients with disease duration less than 19 months. CONCLUSION Our results supported the hypothesis that metals/metalloids with neurotoxic effects could be involved in the etiology of ALS, showing higher levels of Cu, Se and As. Relevant differences in Cu and Mn levels were found between bulbar and spinal onset patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Patti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", section of Neuroscience, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Maria Fiore
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Clara G Chisari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", section of Neuroscience, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuele D'Amico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", section of Neuroscience, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Lo Fermo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", section of Neuroscience, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Toscano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", section of Neuroscience, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Copat
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Zappia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", section of Neuroscience, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Vennam S, Georgoulas S, Khawaja A, Chua S, Strouthidis NG, Foster PJ. Heavy metal toxicity and the aetiology of glaucoma. Eye (Lond) 2020; 34:129-137. [PMID: 31745328 PMCID: PMC7002597 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0672-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances, our understanding of the aetiological mechanisms underlying glaucoma remains incomplete. Heavy metals toxicity has been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases and various ocular pathologies. Given the similarities in pathophysiology between glaucoma and some neurodegenerative disorders, it is plausible that heavy metal toxicity may play a role in the development of glaucoma. Heavy metal exposure may be occupational, or through water or dietary contamination. In this report, we review mechanisms for systemic and neurotoxicity for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, mercury, and manganese, and weigh the evidence for an association between glaucoma and the accumulation of heavy metals either in ocular tissues or in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarath Vennam
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9E, UK
| | - Stelios Georgoulas
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9E, UK
- Glaucoma Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Anthony Khawaja
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9E, UK
- Glaucoma Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Sharon Chua
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9E, UK
| | - Nicholas G Strouthidis
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9E, UK
- Glaucoma Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Paul J Foster
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9E, UK.
- Glaucoma Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.
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Dickerson AS, Hansen J, Specht AJ, Gredal O, Weisskopf MG. Population-based study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and occupational lead exposure in Denmark. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:208-214. [PMID: 30705111 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research has indicated links between lead (Pb) exposure and increased risk of neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this study, we evaluated the association between occupational Pb exposures and ALS. METHODS ALS cases were ascertained through the Danish National Patient Registry from 1982 to 2013 and age and sex-matched to 100 controls. Using complete employment history since 1964 from the Danish Pension Fund, cumulative Pb exposure was estimated for each subject via a Danish job exposure matrix. Associations were evaluated using conditional logistic regression analyses and stratified by sex. RESULTS For men with >50% probability of exposure, there was an increase in odds of ALS for exposures in the 60th percentile or higher during any time 5 years prior to diagnosis (aOR: 1.35; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.76) and 10 years prior to diagnosis (aOR: 1.33; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.72). No significant associations were observed in women, and there were no linear trends seen for Pb exposures for either sex. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates an association between consistently higher occupational Pb exposures and ALS. These findings support those of previously reported associations between ALS and specific occupations that commonly experience Pb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha S Dickerson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Johnni Hansen
- Occupation Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aaron J Specht
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ole Gredal
- Occupation Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome from Bone Marrow or Adipose-Derived Tissue Sources for Treatment of Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Epithelial Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102996. [PMID: 30274394 PMCID: PMC6212866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial dysfunction induced by hypoxic stress plays a significant role in the pathological process of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies have demonstrated efficacy in exerting protective immunomodulatory effects, thereby reducing airway inflammation in several pulmonary diseases. Aim: This study assesses the protective effects of MSC secretome from different cell sources, human bone marrow (BMSC) and adipose tissue (ADSC), in attenuating hypoxia-induced cellular stress and inflammation in pulmonary epithelial cells. Methods: Pulmonary epithelial cells, primary rat alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) and A549 cell line were pre-treated with BMSC, or ADSC conditioned medium (CM) and subjected to hypoxia for 24 h. Results: Both MSC-CM improved cell viability, reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and enhanced IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine production in hypoxic injured primary rat AECs. ADSC-CM reduced hypoxic cellular injury by mechanisms which include: inhibition of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of subunits in primary AECs. Both MSC-CM enhanced translocation of Bcl-2 to the nucleus, expression of cytoprotective glucose-regulated proteins (GRP) and restored matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) function, thereby promoting repair and cellular homeostasis, whereas inhibition of GRP chaperones was detrimental to cell survival. Conclusions: Elucidation of the protective mechanisms exerted by the MSC secretome is an essential step for maximizing the therapeutic effects, in addition to developing therapeutic targets-specific strategies for various pulmonary syndromes.
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Cobbina SJ, Chen Y, Zhou Z, Wu X, Feng W, Wang W, Li Q, Zhao T, Mao G, Wu X, Yang L. Interaction of four low dose toxic metals with essential metals in brain, liver and kidneys of mice on sub-chronic exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:280-291. [PMID: 25531266 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on interactions between low dose toxic and essential metals. Low dose Pb (0.01mg/L), Hg (0.001mg/L), Cd (0.005mg/L) and As (0.01mg/L) were administered singly to four groups of 3-week old mice for 120 days. Pb exposure increased brain Mg and Cu by 55.5% and 266%, respectively. Increased brain Mg resulted from metabolic activity of brain to combat insults, whiles Cu overload was due to alteration and dysfunction of CTR1 and ATP7A molecules. Reduction of liver Ca by 56.0% and 31.6% (on exposure to As and Cd, respectively) resulted from inhibition of Ca-dependent ATPase in nuclei and endoplasmic reticulum through binding with thiol groups. Decreased kidney Mg, Ca and Fe was due to uptake of complexes of As and Cd with thiol groups from proximal tubular lumen. At considerably low doses, the study establishes that, toxic metals disturb the homeostasis of essential metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Jerry Cobbina
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xueshan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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10
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Zheng G, Zhang J, Xu Y, Shen X, Song H, Jing J, Luo W, Zheng W, Chen J. Involvement of CTR1 and ATP7A in lead (Pb)-induced copper (Cu) accumulation in choroidal epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2013; 225:110-8. [PMID: 24316150 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) plays a key role in maintaining copper (Cu) homeostasis in the brain. Cumulative evidences indicate that lead (Pb) exposure alters cerebral Cu homeostasis, which may underlie the development of neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigated the roles of Cu transporter 1 (CTR1) and ATP7A, two Cu transporters, in Pb-induced Cu accumulation in the choroidal epithelial cells. Pb exposure resulted in increased intracellular (64)Cu retention, accompanying with up-regulated CTR1 level. Knockdown of CTR1 using siRNA before Pb exposure diminished the Pb-induced increase of (64)Cu uptake. The expression level of ATP7A was down-regulated following the Pb exposure. ATP7A siRNA knockdown, or PCMB treatment, inhibited the (64)Cu efflux from the cells, while the following additional incubation with Pb failed to further increase the intracellular (64)Cu retention. Cu exposure, or intracellular Cu accumulation following the tetracycline (Tet)-induced overexpression of CTR1, did not result in significant change in ATP7A expression. Taken together, these data indicate that CTR1 and ATP7A play important roles in Cu transport in choroidal epithelial cells, and the Pb-induced intracellular Cu accumulation appears to be mediated, at least in part, via the alteration of CTR1 and ATP7A expression levels following Pb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jieqiong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Laboratory, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an China
| | - Xuefeng Shen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Han Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jinfei Jing
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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D’Amico E, Factor-Litvak P, Santella RM, Mitsumoto H. Clinical perspective on oxidative stress in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:509-527. [PMID: 23797033 PMCID: PMC3859834 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most devastating neurological diseases; most patients die within 3 to 4 years after symptom onset. Oxidative stress is a disturbance in the pro-oxidative/antioxidative balance favoring the pro-oxidative state. Autopsy and laboratory studies in ALS indicate that oxidative stress plays a major role in motor neuron degeneration and astrocyte dysfunction. Oxidative stress biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and urine are elevated, suggesting that abnormal oxidative stress is generated outside of the central nervous system. Our review indicates that agricultural chemicals, heavy metals, military service, professional sports, excessive physical exertion, chronic head trauma, and certain foods might be modestly associated with ALS risk, with a stronger association between risk and smoking. At the cellular level, these factors are all involved in generating oxidative stress. Experimental studies indicate that a combination of insults that induce modest oxidative stress can exert additive deleterious effects on motor neurons, suggesting that multiple exposures in real-world environments are important. As the disease progresses, nutritional deficiency, cachexia, psychological stress, and impending respiratory failure may further increase oxidative stress. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that ALS is possibly a systemic disease. Laboratory, pathologic, and epidemiologic evidence clearly supports the hypothesis that oxidative stress is central in the pathogenic process, particularly in genetically susceptive individuals. If we are to improve ALS treatment, well-designed biochemical and genetic epidemiological studies, combined with a multidisciplinary research approach, are needed and will provide knowledge crucial to our understanding of ALS etiology, pathophysiology, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele D’Amico
- Eleanor and Lou Gehrig MDA/ALS Research Center, The Neurological Institute of New York, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 West 168th Street (NI-9), New York, NY 10032, ;
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032,
| | - Regina M. Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032,
| | - Hiroshi Mitsumoto
- Eleanor and Lou Gehrig MDA/ALS Research Center, The Neurological Institute of New York, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 West 168th Street (NI-9), New York, NY 10032
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12
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Jebbett NJ, Hamilton JW, Rand MD, Eckenstein F. Low level methylmercury enhances CNTF-evoked STAT3 signaling and glial differentiation in cultured cortical progenitor cells. Neurotoxicology 2013; 38:91-100. [PMID: 23845766 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Although many previous investigations have studied how mercury compounds cause cell death, sub-cytotoxic levels may affect mechanisms essential for the proper development of the nervous system. The present study investigates whether low doses of methylmercury (MeHg) and mercury chloride (HgCl2) can modulate the activity of JAK/STAT signaling, a pathway that promotes gliogenesis. We report that sub-cytotoxic doses of MeHg enhance ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) evoked STAT3 phosphorylation in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and mouse cortical neural progenitor cells (NPCs). This effect is specific for MeHg, since HgCl2 fails to enhance JAK/STAT signaling. Exposing NPCs to these low doses of MeHg (30-300nM) enhances CNTF-induced expression of STAT3-target genes such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), and increases the proportion of cells expressing GFAP following 2 days of differentiation. Higher, near-cytotoxic concentrations of MeHg and HgCl2 inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation and lead to increased production of superoxide. Lower concentrations of MeHg effective in enhancing JAK/STAT signaling (30nM) do not result in a detectable increase in superoxide nor increased expression of the oxidant-responsive genes, heme oxygenase 1, heat shock protein A5 and sirtuin 1. These findings suggest that low concentrations of MeHg inappropriately enhance STAT3 phosphorylation and glial differentiation, and that the mechanism causing this enhancement is distinct from the reactive oxygen species-associated cell death observed at higher concentrations of MeHg and HgCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Jebbett
- University of Vermont, Department of Neurological Sciences, Burlington, VT, United States
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13
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Kasperczyk A, Prokopowicz A, Dobrakowski M, Pawlas N, Kasperczyk S. The effect of occupational lead exposure on blood levels of zinc, iron, copper, selenium and related proteins. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:49-55. [PMID: 22923205 PMCID: PMC3510413 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The study objective was to evaluate the effect of occupational lead exposure on blood concentrations of zinc, iron, copper, selenium and proteins related to them, such as transferrin, caeruloplasmin and haptoglobin. The examined group consisted of 192 healthy male employees of zinc-lead works. By the degree of lead exposure, the exposed group was subdivided into three subgroups. The control group was composed of 73 healthy male administrative workers. The markers of lead exposure (blood levels of lead and zinc protoporphyrin) were significantly elevated in the exposed group compared with the control group. Additionally, concentrations of copper and caeruloplasmin were raised. The significant increase in haptoglobin level was observed only in the low exposure group. Selenium levels were significantly decreased, whereas iron, zinc and transferrin levels were unchanged in the exposed group compared with the control group. There were positive correlations between the lead toxicity parameters and the copper and caeruloplasmin levels. In conclusion, the effect of occupational exposure to lead on the metabolism of trace metals appears to be limited. However, significant associations between lead exposure and levels of copper and selenium were shown. Changed levels of positive acute-phase proteins, such as caeruloplasmin and haptoglobin, were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Adam Prokopowicz
- Department of Chemical Hazards and Genetic Toxicology, Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Kościelna13, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Michał Dobrakowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Natalia Pawlas
- Department of Chemical Hazards and Genetic Toxicology, Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Kościelna13, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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14
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HSPA5 forms specific complexes with copper. Neurochem Res 2012; 38:321-9. [PMID: 23161089 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study indicated that Hspa5 directly interacts with copper (Cu) to maintain Cu homeostasis in astrocytes. In this study, we explored the possibility that Cu forms a specific complex with Hspa5 by assaying stoichiometric binding of Cu and other metals to recombinant human HSPA5 (rh-HSPA5) in silico. Spectrophotometric analysis showed that incubation of rh-HSPA5 with Cu but not with Fe, Mn, Zn, or Pb in the presence of ascorbic acid produced an absorbance peak at 470 nm. Furthermore, the absorbance peak was absent when bovine serum albumin was incubated with Cu and when another recombinant protein YWHAZ-14-3-3-Zeta carrying a 6× histidine tag identical to the tag in the rh-HSPA5 was incubated with Cu. The absorbance peak produced by Cu and rh-HSPA5 was abolished by EDTA treatment and was stabilized at pH levels above 6.5. Assay of the stoichiometry of metal binding to the purified rh-HSPA5 showed that one molecule of the rh-HSPA5 could chelate 1 or 2 Cu, 13 iron (Fe), 5 zinc (Zn) and 10 lead (Pb) ions but not manganese (Mn). These data further support our previous finding that HSPA5 specifically forms a complex with Cu to help maintain Cu homeostasis.
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15
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Tiffany-Castiglioni E, Qian Y. ER chaperone–metal interactions: Links to protein folding disorders. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:545-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Martinez-Finley EJ, Chakraborty S, Fretham SJB, Aschner M. Cellular transport and homeostasis of essential and nonessential metals. Metallomics 2012; 4:593-605. [PMID: 22337135 DOI: 10.1039/c2mt00185c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metals can have a number of detrimental or beneficial effects in the cell, but first they must get in. Organisms have evolved transport mechanisms to get metals that are required, or essential into the cell. Nonessential metals often enter the cell through use of the machinery provided for essential metals. Much work has been done to advance our understanding of how these metals are transported across plasma and organelle membranes. This review provides an overview of essential and nonessential metal transport and homeostatic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebany J Martinez-Finley
- Department of Pediatrics, and the Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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17
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Qian Y, Zheng Y, Taylor R, Tiffany-Castiglioni E. Involvement of the molecular chaperone Hspa5 in copper homeostasis in astrocytes. Brain Res 2012; 1447:9-19. [PMID: 22342161 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) ion availability in tissues and cells must be closely regulated within safe limits by Cu transporters and chaperones. Astrocytes play key roles in metal homeostasis and distribution in the brain that are only partially understood. The purpose of this study was to define the role that the protein chaperone Hspa5, also known as Grp78, plays in Cu homeostasis in astrocytes. First passage cultures of primary astrocytes from neonatal rats and cultures of the C6 rat glioma cells were used as models. We found that the level of Cu accumulation in astrocyte cultures increased with Cu concentrations in the medium, and Cu treatment significantly reduced cellular levels of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn). Cu accumulation specifically induced protein expression of Hspa5 but not metallothioneins (MTs) in astrocytes. In C6 cells, Hspa5 was identified as one component of a Cu-binding complex and shown to directly bind Cu. However, the level of Hspa5 expression was not proportional to Cu accumulation in astrocytes and C6 cells: astrocytes expressed low protein levels of Hspa5 compared to C6 cells but accumulated significantly more Cu than did C6 cells. Consistent with this finding, astrocytes expressed a lower level of the Cu-extruding protein Atp7a than did C6 cells, and depletion of Hspa5 by RNA interference resulted in significantly increased Cu accumulation and induction of MT1/2 expression. These data demonstrate that Hspa5 is involved in Cu homeostasis in astrocytes but not as a Cu storage protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Qian
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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18
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Tiffany‐Castiglioni E, Hong S, Qian Y. Copper handling by astrocytes: Insights into neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Dev Neurosci 2011; 29:811-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Tiffany‐Castiglioni
- Department of Veterinary Integrative BiosciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasTX77843United States
| | | | - Yongchang Qian
- Department of Veterinary Integrative BiosciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasTX77843United States
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19
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Lead-binding proteins: a review. J Toxicol 2011; 2011:686050. [PMID: 21941540 PMCID: PMC3175699 DOI: 10.1155/2011/686050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead-binding proteins are a series of low molecular weight proteins, analogous to metallothionein, which segregate lead in a nontoxic form in several organs (kidney, brain, lung, liver, erythrocyte). Whether the lead-binding proteins in every organ are identical or different remains to be determined. In the erythrocyte, delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) isoforms have commanded the greatest attention as proteins and enzymes that are both inhibitable and inducible by lead. ALAD-2, although it binds lead to a greater degree than ALAD-1, appears to bind lead in a less toxic form. What may be of greater significance is that a low molecular weight lead-binding protein, approximately 10 kDa, appears in the erythrocyte once blood lead exceeds 39 μg/dL and eventually surpasses the lead-binding capacity of ALAD. In brain and kidney of environmentally exposed humans and animals, a cytoplasmic lead-binding protein has been identified as thymosin β4, a 5 kDa protein. In kidney, but not brain, another lead-binding protein has been identified as acyl-CoA binding protein, a 9 kDa protein. Each of these proteins, when coincubated with liver ALAD and titrated with lead, diminishes the inhibition of ALAD by lead, verifying their ability to segregate lead in a nontoxic form.
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20
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Beyond the endoplasmic reticulum: atypical GRP78 in cell viability, signalling and therapeutic targeting. Biochem J 2011; 434:181-8. [PMID: 21309747 DOI: 10.1042/bj20101569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa) is traditionally regarded as a major ER (endoplasmic reticulum) chaperone facilitating protein folding and assembly, protein quality control, Ca(2+) binding and regulating ER stress signalling. It is a potent anti-apoptotic protein and plays a critical role in tumour cell survival, tumour progression and angiogenesis, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Recent evidence shows that GRP78 can also exist outside the ER. The finding that GRP78 is present on the surface of cancer but not normal cells in vivo represents a paradigm shift on how GRP78 controls cell homoeostasis and provides an opportunity for cancer-specific targeting. Cell-surface GRP78 has emerged as an important regulator of tumour cell signalling and viability as it forms complexes with a rapidly expanding repertoire of cell-surface protein partners, regulating proliferation, PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt signalling and cell viability. Evidence is also emerging that GRP78 serves as a receptor for viral entry into host cells. Additionally, a novel cytosolic form of GRP78 has been discovered prominently in leukaemia cells. These, coupled with reports of nucleus- and mitochondria-localized forms of GRP78, point to the previously unanticipated role of GRP78 beyond the ER that may be critical for cell viability and therapeutic targeting.
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21
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McInturf SM, Bekkedal MYV, Wilfong E, Arfsten D, Chapman G, Gunasekar PG. The potential reproductive, neurobehavioral and systemic effects of soluble sodium tungstate exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 254:133-7. [PMID: 21296100 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The debate on tungsten (W) is fostered by its continuous usage in military munitions. Reports demonstrate W solubilizes in soil and can migrate into drinking water supplies and, therefore, is a potential health risk to humans. This study evaluated the reproductive, systemic and neurobehavioral effects of sodium tungstate (NaW) in rats following 70 days of daily pre-and postnatal exposure via oral gavage to 5, 62.5 and 125 mg/kg/day of NaW through mating, gestation and weaning (PND 0-20). Daily administration of NaW produced no overt evidence of toxicity and had no apparent effect on mating success or offspring physical development. Distress vocalizations were elevated in F(1) offspring from the high dose group, whereas righting reflex showed unexpected sex differences where males demonstrated faster righting than females; however, the effects were not dose-dependent. Locomotor activity was affected in both low and high-dose groups of F(1) females. Low-dose group showed increased distance traveled, more time in ambulatory movements and less time in stereotypic behavior than controls or high dose animals. The high-dose group had more time in stereotypical movements than controls, and less time resting than controls and the lowest exposure group. Maternal retrieval was not affected by NaW exposure. Tungsten analysis showed a systemic distribution of NaW in both parents and offspring, with preferential uptake within the immune organs, including the femur, spleen and thymus. Histopathological evidence suggested no severe chronic injury or loss of function in these organs. However, the heart showed histological lesions, histiocytic inflammation from minimal to mild with cardiomyocyte degeneration and necrosis in several P(0) animals of 125 mg NaW dose group. The result of this study suggests that pre and postnatal exposure to NaW may produce subtle neurobehavioral effects in offspring related to motor activity and emotionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M McInturf
- Naval Medical Research Unit at Dayton (NAMRU), Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA
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22
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Wang C, Gu X, Wang X, Guo H, Geng J, Yu H, Sun J. Stress response and potential biomarkers in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) seedlings exposed to soil lead. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:41-47. [PMID: 20933285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and biochemical responses of spinach seedlings to soil Pb stress were investigated by pot experiments. The seedlings were exposed to 0-500 mg kg(-1) extraneous Pb. After 30 days of germination, production of O(2)(-), HSP 70, HSP 60, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, carbonyl groups and lipid peroxidation was significantly induced by soil Pb. After 50 days, HSP 70 and HSP 60 decreased, and HSP 60 was significantly inhibited at 500 mg kg(-1). The results indicated that Pb probably induced oxidative stress and proteotoxicity to the seedlings through O(2)(-) accumulation, and that SOD, HSP 70 and HSP 60 were important defense mechanisms to alleviate the oxidative stress. It is found that O(2)(-), HSP 70 and HSP 60 were the most sensitive parameters and had the potential to act as biomarkers for early warning of soil Pb contamination. Concentrations of soil Pb, exposing time and combination of multiple parameters should be also taken into consideration when assessing soil Pb pollution by these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengrun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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23
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Wang C, Wang X, Tian Y, Xue Y, Xu X, Sui Y, Yu H. Oxidative stress and potential biomarkers in tomato seedlings subjected to soil lead contamination. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2008; 71:685-691. [PMID: 18397810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Revised: 12/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and defense response in leaves of tomato seedlings exposed to extraneous lead (Pb) at 0-500 mg kg(-1) soil for nearly 2 months were investigated. Superoxide radical (O(2)(-)) was quantified by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Results showed that levels of O(2)(-), malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl group and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with the increase of bioavailable Pb. The O(2)(-) level was well correlated with MDA, carbonyl groups and SOD activities, suggesting that O(2)(-) might be responsible for them. Intensities in two bands of SOD isoenzymes increased along with added Pb in treatments against control, implying that multigenic expression in SOD enzymes were activated to counteract O(2)(-) stress. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was induced sensitively by soil Pb, which was to alleviate oxidative damage (i.e. increased carbonyl groups). The overall results indicated that HSP70 and O(2)(-) were the most sensitive parameters and the combination of them might be potential biomarkers of soil Pb contamination in tomato seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengrun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Mitsumoto H, Santella RM, Liu X, Bogdanov M, Zipprich J, Wu HC, Mahata J, Kilty M, Bednarz K, Bell D, Gordon PH, Hornig M, Mehrazin M, Naini A, Flint Beal M, Factor-Litvak P. Oxidative stress biomarkers in sporadic ALS. AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE WORLD FEDERATION OF NEUROLOGY RESEARCH GROUP ON MOTOR NEURON DISEASES 2008; 9:177-83. [PMID: 18574762 PMCID: PMC4332387 DOI: 10.1080/17482960801933942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate oxidative stress biomarkers in a cross-sectional pilot study of 50 participants with sporadic ALS (SALS) compared to 46 control subjects. We measured urinary 8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), urinary 15-F(2t)-isoprostane (IsoP), and plasma protein carbonyl by ELISA methods. We also determined if ELISA measurement of 8-oxodG could be validated against measures from high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection, the current standard method. We found that 8-oxodG and IsoP levels adjusted for creatinine were significantly elevated in SALS participants. These differences persisted after age and gender were controlled in regression analyses. These markers are highly and positively correlated with each other. 8-oxodG measured by the two techniques from the same urine sample were positively correlated (p<.0001). Protein carbonyl was not different between SALS participants and controls. In conclusion, using ELISA, we confirmed that certain oxidative stress biomarkers were elevated in SALS participants. ELISA may be reliable and thus useful in epidemiology studies requiring large numbers of samples to determine the significance of increased oxidative stress markers in SALS. Further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Mitsumoto
- Eleanor and Lou Gehrig MDA/ALS Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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25
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Effects of estrogen receptor agonists on regulation of the inflammatory response in astrocytes from young adult and middle-aged female rats. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 195:47-59. [PMID: 18328572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen has been shown to attenuate the inflammatory response following injury or lipopolysaccharide treatment in several organ systems. Estrogen's actions are transduced through two estrogen receptor sub-types, estrogen receptor (ER) -alpha and estrogen receptor-beta, whose actions may be overlapping or independent of each other. The present study examined the effects of ERalpha- and ERbeta-specific ligands in regulating the inflammatory response in primary astrocyte cultures. Pre-treatment with 17beta-estradiol (ERalpha/ERbeta agonist), HPTE (ERalpha agonist/ERbeta antagonist) and DPN (ERbeta agonist) led to attenuation of IL-1beta, TNFalpha, and MMP-9 in astrocyte media derived from young adult (3-4 mos.) and reproductive senescent female (9-11 mos., acyclic) astrocyte cultures, while pretreatment with PPT (ERalpha agonist) attenuated IL-1beta (but not MMP-9) in both young and senescent-derived astrocyte cultures. Our previous work determined that 17beta-estradiol was unable to attenuate the LPS-induced increase in IL-1beta in olfactory bulb primary microglial cultures derived from either young adult or reproductive senescent females. In young adult-derived microglial cultures, the LPS-induced increase in IL-1beta was not attenuated by pre-treatment with 17beta-estradiol, PPT or HPTE. Interestingly, the ERbeta agonist, DPN significantly decreased IL-1beta following LPS treatment in young adult-derived microglia. Thus while both microglia and astrocytes synthesize and release inflammatory mediators, the present data shows that compounds which bind ERbeta are more effective in attenuating proinflammatory cytokines in both cell types and may therefore be a more effective agent for future therapeutic use.
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Safaei R, Otani S, Larson BJ, Rasmussen ML, Howell SB. Transport of cisplatin by the copper efflux transporter ATP7B. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 73:461-8. [PMID: 17978167 DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.040980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP7B is a P-type ATPase that mediates the efflux of copper. Recent studies have demonstrated that ATP7B regulates the cellular efflux of cisplatin (DDP) and controls sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of this drug. To determine whether DDP is a substrate for ATP7B, DDP transport was assayed in vesicles isolated from Sf9 cells infected with a baculovirus that expressed either the wild-type ATP7B or a mutant ATP7B that was unable to transport copper as a result of conversion of the transmembrane metal binding CPC motif to CPA. Only the wild-type ATP7B-expressing vesicles exhibited copper-dependent ATPase activity, copper-induced acyl-phosphate formation, and ATP-dependent transport of copper. The amount of DDP that became bound was higher for vesicles expressing either type of ATP7B than for those not expressing either form of ATP7B, but only the vesicles expressing wild-type ATP7B mediated ATP-dependent accumulation of the drug. At pH 4.6, the vesicles expressing the wild-type ATP7B exhibited ATP-dependent accumulation of DDP with an apparent K(m) of 1.2 +/- 0.5 (S.E.M.) muM and V(max) of 0.03 +/- 0.002 (S.E.M.) nmol/mg of protein/min. DDP also induced the acyl-phosphorylation of ATP7B but at a much slower rate than copper. Copper and DDP each inhibited the ATP-dependent transport of the other. These results establish that DDP is a substrate for ATP7B but is transported at a much slower rate than copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohangiz Safaei
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0819, USA.
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Chen SH, Lin JK, Liu SH, Liang YC, Lin-Shiau SY. Apoptosis of Cultured Astrocytes Induced by the Copper and Neocuproine Complex through Oxidative Stress and JNK Activation. Toxicol Sci 2007; 102:138-49. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Falahatpisheh H, Nanez A, Montoya-Durango D, Qian Y, Tiffany-Castiglioni E, Ramos KS. Activation profiles of HSPA5 during the glomerular mesangial cell stress response to chemical injury. Cell Stress Chaperones 2007; 12:209-18. [PMID: 17915553 PMCID: PMC1971237 DOI: 10.1379/csc-259.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental injury has been associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a response characterized by activation of the unfolded protein response, proteasomal degradation of proteins, and induction of HSPA5, also known as GRP78 or BiP. Although HSPA5 has been implicated in the stress response to environmental injury in several cell types, its role in the glomerular ER stress response is unknown. In this study, we evaluated HSPA5 activation profiles in rat glomerular mesangial cells (rGMCs) challenged with heavy metals (HgCl2 or Pb2+ acetate) or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, ie, benzo(a)pyrene [BaP]). Challenge of rGMCs with 1 or 10 microM HgCl2 or Pb2+ acetate increased HSPA5 mRNA and protein levels. The induction response was sensitive to transcriptional and translational inhibition by actinomycin D (AD) and cyclohexamide, respectively. HSPA5 mRNA was induced by 3 microM BaP in an AD-sensitive manner, but this response was unaffected by the presence of heavy metals. A promoter construct containing sequences that mediate thapsigargin (TH) inducibility of the HSPA5 promoter was refractory to both heavy metals and BaP. The HSPA5 induction response in rGMCs is conserved because it was reproduced with fidelity in immunolocalization experiments of HSPA5 protein in M15 and HEK293 cells in embryonic lines of murine and human origin, respectively. Collectively, these findings identify HSPA5 in the stress response of rGMCs and implicate regulatory mechanisms that are distinct from those involved in TH inducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Falahatpisheh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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Lutsenko S, Barnes NL, Bartee MY, Dmitriev OY. Function and regulation of human copper-transporting ATPases. Physiol Rev 2007; 87:1011-46. [PMID: 17615395 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 596] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper-transporting ATPases (Cu-ATPases) ATP7A and ATP7B are evolutionarily conserved polytopic membrane proteins with essential roles in human physiology. The Cu-ATPases are expressed in most tissues, and their transport activity is crucial for central nervous system development, liver function, connective tissue formation, and many other physiological processes. The loss of ATP7A or ATP7B function is associated with severe metabolic disorders, Menkes disease, and Wilson disease. In cells, the Cu-ATPases maintain intracellular copper concentration by transporting copper from the cytosol across cellular membranes. They also contribute to protein biosynthesis by delivering copper into the lumen of the secretory pathway where metal ion is incorporated into copper-dependent enzymes. The biosynthetic and homeostatic functions of Cu-ATPases are performed in different cell compartments; targeting to these compartments and the functional activity of Cu-ATPase are both regulated by copper. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the structure, function, and regulation of these essential transporters. These studies raised many new questions related to specific physiological roles of Cu-ATPases in various tissues and complex mechanisms that control the Cu-ATPase function. This review summarizes current data on the structural organization and functional properties of ATP7A and ATP7B as well as their localization and functions in various tissues, and discusses the current models of regulated trafficking of human Cu-ATPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
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Tiffany-Castiglioni E, Hong S, Qian Y, Tang Y, Donnelly KC. In vitro models for assessing neurotoxicity of mixtures. Neurotoxicology 2006; 27:835-9. [PMID: 16843529 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Revised: 05/12/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and inexpensive methods are needed to investigate the interactions of complex mixtures. This commentary addresses the use of cell cultures to detect neurotoxicity of simple binary mixtures, which is a first step in the development of such methods. A small number of recent studies from our laboratory are examined. Though such studies are few, they offer guidance for optimizing the value of cell cultures as systems for chemical toxicity screening and mechanistic research. The same issues that apply to in vitro neurotoxicity studies of single agents also apply to the study of mixtures, such as relevance of endpoints tested, biological usefulness and limitations of cell culture models, and relevance of exposures tested. In this commentary we will focus on several aspects of these issues.
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