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Bozhko AA, Panteleev MA. A mathematical model for activated platelet-dependent activation of coagulation factor X by factor IXa. Comput Biol Med 2025; 192:110263. [PMID: 40288296 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.110263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2025] [Accepted: 04/22/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
Membrane-dependent enzymatic reactions are central in many signaling and regulatory biological networks. Activation of blood coagulation factor X by activated factor IXa is a classical example, which retains many mysteries and controversies. Here we developed a novel non-stationary two-compartment computational model of this reaction on the physiological membrane of activated platelets (rather than phospholipid vesicles) within a wide platelet concentration range up to the intra-thrombus conditions, which took into account novel essential revisions in the mechanisms on factor IXa interactions with platelets. The set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) was based on the laws of mass action and included several possible pathways of the complex formation. Sensitivity analysis was employed to identify critical points in the regulation. The model was able to describe the available experimental data and suggested that the major pathways of the enzyme-substrate complex assembly were membrane-dependent and solution-dependent enzyme delivery, with comparable contributions. The dependence of factor Xa formation on the activated procoagulant platelet concentration was predicted to be bell-shaped with the peak at (1.5-2)·106 platelets/μL, which is similar to the expected intra-thrombus concentration. The modeling of the kinetics of all model variables demonstrated two-phase kinetics. With increasing platelet concentration in the system, the transition time after which a stationary concentration is reached increases to approximately 5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A Bozhko
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 109029, Russia; Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Panteleev
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 109029, Russia; Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center Of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, 117198, Russia.
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2
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Menegatti M, Peyvandi F. Clinical, Laboratory Aspects and Management of Factor X Deficiency. Semin Thromb Hemost 2025; 51:138-144. [PMID: 39209291 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1789595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Coagulation factor X (FX), originally named Stuart-Prower factor, plays a pivotal role in the coagulation cascade, activating thrombin to promote platelet plug formation and prevent excess blood loss. Genetic variants in F10 may lead to FX deficiency and to impaired coagulation. FX variants are phenotypically classified as being type I, with the concomitant reduction of FX coagulant activity and FX antigen levels or type II, corresponding to a reduction in activity with normal antigen plasma levels. Patients affected with FX deficiency tend to be one of the most seriously affected among those with rare bleeding disorders. They show a variable bleeding tendency strongly associated with FX coagulant activity levels in plasma and may present, in the severe form of the deficiency, life-threatening symptoms such as gastrointestinal and umbilical stump bleeding and intracranial hemorrhages or central nervous system bleeding. Treatment of FX deficiency was originally based on the replacement of the missing factor using fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate and prothrombin complex concentrates; however, a plasma-derived concentrate, shown to be safe and effective in clinical trials, is now available. In addition, novel nonreplacement therapy such as small interference RNA, gene therapy, drug repurposing, and gene editing may also represent novel therapeutic approaches for FX deficiency, but further, much focused studies are needed before considering this emerging therapy in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Menegatti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
| | - Flora Peyvandi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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3
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Dorgalaleh A, Tavasoli B, Hassani S, Ramezanzadeh N, Fathalizade K, Hashemi F, Feily Z, Khademi M, Kohzadi Z, Mahalleh RGD, Torkamandi MS, Yassini MS. The History of Rare Bleeding Disorders. Semin Thromb Hemost 2025; 51:236-252. [PMID: 39496303 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1792032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2024]
Abstract
Deficiencies in coagulation factors I (FI), FII, FV, combined FV and FVIII (CF5F8) and vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors FVII, FX, FXI, and FXIII have been referred to as rare bleeding disorders (RBDs), rare coagulation factor deficiencies (RCFDs), or recessively inherited coagulation disorders. Fibrinogen was most likely the first member of this group to be identified, with reports of its discovery spanning from 1859 to 1966. If not, then the first coagulation factor to be identified was prothrombin in 1894, and the last coagulation factor to be found was FX in 1956, about 60 years later. The first patient to be diagnosed with an RBD was a 9-year-old boy with afibrinogenemia in 1920 and the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors deficiency was the most recent RBD in this group to be identified in a 3-month-old child in 1966. The initial therapeutic option for nearly all patients with RBDs was whole blood transfusion; this was replaced in 1941 by fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and then in later years by cryoprecipitate and coagulation factor concentrates. Fibrinogen concentrate was the first coagulation factor concentrate produced in 1956. Coagulation factor concentrate is now available for FI, FVII, FX, FXI, and FXIII; however, FFP and/or platelet transfusion are the only treatments available for FV deficiency. The only recombinant concentrates available for RBDs are for FVII and FXIII, which date from 1988 and the 2000s, respectively. Even though the clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management of lesser-known bleeding disorders have improved significantly in recent decades, more studies are needed to reveal the hidden aspects of these disorders in order to overcome diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and ultimately improve the quality of life for those who are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Behnaz Tavasoli
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Saeed Hassani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Narjes Ramezanzadeh
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Kimia Fathalizade
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Hashemi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Zahra Feily
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Melika Khademi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhino Kohzadi
- Department of Medicine, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad S Torkamandi
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mahya S Yassini
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rigon PA, Ernest V. A rare case of factor X deficiency induced by valproic acid. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2025; 9:102721. [PMID: 40206323 PMCID: PMC11981724 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2025.102721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2025] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Factor X (FX) deficiency (FXD) significantly disrupts coagulation, potentially leading to severe bleeding. While inherited FXD is rare, with a prevalence of 1 in 500,000, acquired FXD is also uncommon and frequently linked to conditions such as light-chain amyloidosis. In rare cases, certain medications can cause FXD. Key Clinical Question Here, we present a rare case of acquired FXD induced by valproic acid (VPA). This deficiency is associated with the presence of anti-FX antibodies. Clinical Approach A 65-year-old man undergoing treatment for various conditions, including chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes, developed severe FXD (activity <2 U/L) following VPA administration for epilepsy. During FXD, the patient experienced significant bleeding episodes, necessitating FX replacement with prothrombin complex concentrate. Upon discontinuation of VPA, FX activity improved in 9 days, possibly suggesting a role of the drug in FXD. Interestingly, antibodies directed against FX have been identified. Conclusion This case emphasizes the necessity for clinicians to be vigilant of hemostasis disorders associated with VPA, even though such occurrences are rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Antonin Rigon
- Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Conception, Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Ernest
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
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Araújo R, Páscoa RNMJ, Bernardino R, Gomes PS. Impact of High Glucose on Bone Collagenous Matrix Composition, Structure, and Organization: An Integrative Analysis Using an Ex Vivo Model. Cells 2025; 14:130. [PMID: 39851558 PMCID: PMC11764406 DOI: 10.3390/cells14020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2024] [Revised: 01/07/2025] [Accepted: 01/10/2025] [Indexed: 01/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a widespread metabolic disorder linked to numerous systemic complications, including adverse effects on skeletal health, such as increased bone fragility and fracture risk. Emerging evidence suggests that high glucose may disrupt the extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone, potentially altering its composition and organization. Collagen, the primary organic component of the ECM, is critical for maintaining structural integrity and biomechanical properties. However, definitive evidence and a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which high glucose impacts the ECM and collagen remain elusive. This study employed an ex vivo embryonic chicken femur model to investigate the effects of high glucose on the collagenous matrix. A comprehensive approach integrating histological evaluation, histomorphometry, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, and proteomics was adopted to unravel structural, biochemical, and molecular changes in the ECM. Histomorphometric analysis revealed disrupted collagen fibril architecture, characterized by altered fibril diameter, alignment, and spatial organization. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy highlighted biochemical modifications, including non-enzymatic glycation that impaired collagen crosslinking and reduced matrix integrity. Proteomic profiling unveiled significant alterations in ECM composition and function, including downregulation of key collagen crosslinking enzymes and upregulation of inflammatory and coagulation pathways. High glucose profoundly disrupts the collagenous matrix of bone, weakening its structural integrity and organization. These findings emphasize the critical impact of high glucose environments on extracellular matrix composition and bone quality, offering insights into the mechanisms behind diabetic bone fragility and guiding future research toward targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Araújo
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal;
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, UMIB Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ricardo N. M. J. Páscoa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Raquel Bernardino
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, UMIB Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro S. Gomes
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal;
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
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6
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Shi W, Lu J, Wei P, Ning P, Fan J, Huang S, Guo X, Li R. The effects of coagulation factors on the risk of Alzheimer's disease: A Mendelian randomization study. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2025; 9:25424823251327674. [PMID: 40125336 PMCID: PMC11930485 DOI: 10.1177/25424823251327674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies indicate a complex relationship between coagulation factors and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the current findings are inconsistent, and it remains uncertain whether a causal relationship exists. Objective This study utilizes a Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the causal relationships between blood levels of coagulation factors and AD risk. Methods Eleven coagulation factors with valid instrumental variables available were evaluated. Two independent cohorts of European ancestry with AD genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics were used: UK Biobank (UKB, N = 472,868) and the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP, N = 63,926). We primarily conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using the Inverse variance weighted (IVW). Meanwhile, the MR-Egger intercept test is used to detect horizontal pleiotropy, the Residual Sum of Squares observed (RSSobs) is used to assess the model's goodness of fit, and the leave-one-out analysis is employed for sensitivity analysis. Results Using IVW analysis, the UKB database shows positive correlations of Protein C (PC, p = 0.002), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT, p = 0.019), and coagulation factor X (FX, p = 0.032) with AD, and a negative association for coagulation factor XI (FXI, p = 0.021). The IGAP database mirrors these findings for PC and FXI but not for the others. Leave-one-out analysis showed an anomaly after a single single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) driving, yet the overall results remained stable. Conclusions This study demonstrates that elevated levels of PC, FX, and aPTT, along with reduced levels of FXI, are causally associated with an increased risk of AD. These findings might pave the way for the diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Shi
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juanjuan Lu
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyao Wei
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pingping Ning
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaxin Fan
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingzhi Guo
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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7
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Dhinoja S, Mary J, Qaryoute AA, De Maria A, Jagadeeswaran P. Generation and characterization of zebrafish f9l mutant confirmed that f9l is f10 like gene. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2025; 36:26-33. [PMID: 39661534 PMCID: PMC11759647 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to create an f9l mutant zebrafish using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) and characterize its coagulation properties to investigate its functional similarity to human FX and explore the potential synergy between f9l and f10 . METHODS Three gRNAs targeting exon 8 encoded by the catalytic domain of the f9l gene were injected into 300 single-cell zebrafish embryos using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. DNA from the resulting adults was extracted from tail tips, and PCR was used to detect indels. The identified founder mutant was bred to homozygosity, and functional assays, kinetic Russel viper venom time, bleeding assay in adults, and venous laser injury on larvae were conducted to assess its hemostatic function. Additionally, f10 was knocked down in f9l homozygous embryos using f10 antisense morpholinos to study their interaction by monitoring its survival. RESULTS DNA from 60 adults was screened for indels, resulting in a fish with a heritable complex mutation involving one insertion and two deletions in exon 8. The f9l homozygous mutants exhibited impaired F10 activity, mild bleeding after mechanical injury, and developmental deformities in early larval stages. The caudal vein thrombosis assay showed variable occlusion times, indicating a bleeding phenotype with incomplete penetrance. Knocking down f10 in f9l homozygous embryos resulted in 50% mortality within five dpf, compared to f9l homozygous embryos injected with control morpholinos. CONCLUSION In summary, we generated f9l knockout and showed it is a paralog to f10. We also found a synergy between f9l and f10 genes, highlighting its importance in hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchi Dhinoja
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
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8
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Bruciaferri N, Eberhardt J, Llanos MA, Loeffler JR, Holcomb M, Fernandez-Quintero ML, Santos-Martins D, Ward AB, Forli S. CosolvKit: a Versatile Tool for Cosolvent MD Preparation and Analysis. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:8227-8235. [PMID: 39436011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2024]
Abstract
Cosolvent molecular dynamics (MDs) are an increasingly popular form of simulations where small molecule cosolvents are added to water-solvated protein systems. These simulations can perform diverse target characterization tasks, including cryptic and allosteric pocket identification and pharmacophore profiling and supplement suites of enhanced sampling methods to explore protein conformational landscapes. The behavior of these systems is tied to the cosolvents used, so the ability to define diverse and complex mixtures is critical in dictating the outcome of the simulations. However, existing methods for preparing cosolvent simulations only support a limited number of predefined cosolvents and concentrations. Here, we present CosolvKit, a tool for the preparation and analysis of systems composed of user-defined cosolvents and concentrations. This tool is modular, supporting the creation of files for multiple MD engines, as well as direct access to OpenMM simulations, and offering access to a variety of generalizable small-molecule force fields. To the best of our knowledge, CosolvKit represents the first generalized approach for the construction of these simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolo' Bruciaferri
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jerome Eberhardt
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Manuel A Llanos
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Johannes R Loeffler
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Matthew Holcomb
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Monica L Fernandez-Quintero
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Diogo Santos-Martins
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Stefano Forli
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Calì B, Troiani M, Bressan S, Attanasio G, Merler S, Moscarda V, Mosole S, Ricci E, Guo C, Yuan W, Gallagher L, Lundberg A, Bernett I, Figueiredo I, Arzola RA, Abreut EB, D'Ambrosio M, Bancaro N, Brina D, Zumerle S, Pasquini E, Maddalena M, Lai P, Colucci M, Pernigoni N, Rinaldi A, Minardi D, Morlacco A, Moro FD, Sabbadin M, Galuppini F, Fassan M, Rüschoff JH, Moch H, Rescigno P, Francini E, Saieva C, Modesti M, Theurillat JP, Gillessen S, Wilgenbus P, Graf C, Ruf W, de Bono J, Alimonti A. Coagulation factor X promotes resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy in prostate cancer. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:1676-1692.e11. [PMID: 39303726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Although hypercoagulability is commonly associated with malignancies, whether coagulation factors directly affect tumor cell proliferation remains unclear. Herein, by performing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of the prostate tumor microenvironment (TME) of mouse models of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), we report that immunosuppressive neutrophils (PMN-MDSCs) are a key extra-hepatic source of coagulation factor X (FX). FX activation within the TME enhances androgen-independent tumor growth by activating the protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in tumor cells. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of factor Xa (FXa) antagonizes the oncogenic activity of PMN-MDSCs, reduces tumor progression, and synergizes with enzalutamide therapy. Intriguingly, F10high PMN-MDSCs express the surface marker CD84 and CD84 ligation enhances F10 expression. Elevated levels of FX, CD84, and PAR2 in prostate tumors associate with worse survival in CRPC patients. This study provides evidence that FXa directly promotes cancer and highlights additional targets for PMN-MDSCs for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Calì
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Martina Troiani
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Bressan
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Attanasio
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sara Merler
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Viola Moscarda
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Simone Mosole
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Elena Ricci
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Christina Guo
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Wei Yuan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Lewis Gallagher
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Arian Lundberg
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Ilona Bernett
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Ines Figueiredo
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Rydell Alvarez Arzola
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Immunoregulation, Immunology and Immunotherapy Division, Center of Molecular Immunology, La Habana 3GGH+C9G, Cuba
| | - Ernesto Bermudez Abreut
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Immunoregulation, Immunology and Immunotherapy Division, Center of Molecular Immunology, La Habana 3GGH+C9G, Cuba
| | - Mariantonietta D'Ambrosio
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Nicolò Bancaro
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Brina
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sara Zumerle
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Emiliano Pasquini
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Martino Maddalena
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ping Lai
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Colucci
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Nicolò Pernigoni
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Davide Minardi
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy; Urology Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morlacco
- Urology Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Moro
- Urology Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Marianna Sabbadin
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Galuppini
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Jan Hendrik Rüschoff
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Edoardo Francini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit - ISPRO, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Mikol Modesti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Theurillat
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Silke Gillessen
- Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Petra Wilgenbus
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Claudine Graf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Johann de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Andrea Alimonti
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; Department of Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST) ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Stojanovski BM, Di Cera E. Conformation of factor Xa in solution revealed by single-molecule spectroscopy. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:2767-2772. [PMID: 39002733 PMCID: PMC11416302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All current X-ray structures of factor (F)Xa are devoid of the γ-carboxyglutamate (Gla) domain and fail to reveal the overall conformation of the free protein. The recent cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of FXa in the prothrombinase complex is the only structure of full-length FXa and shows that the Gla domain is positioned at an angle relative to the epidermal growth factor 1 domain. OBJECTIVES Establish if the curved conformation of FXa revealed by cryo-EM is also present in solution. METHODS The conformation of FXa in solution was studied by single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer. RESULTS The conformation of full-length FXa in solution is resolved for the first time. The conformation is curved and extremely sensitive to Ca2+. It does not differ significantly from its zymogen form or from that present in the prothrombinase complex free or bound to the physiologic substrates prothrombin and meizothrombin. CONCLUSION Measurements by single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer reveal that FXa has a curved conformation in solution, free or bound to physiologic ligands, and validate the recent cryo-EM structures of prothrombinase. The drastic conformational changes observed in the absence of Ca2+ suggest that the structural architecture of FXa changes upon administration of vitamin K antagonists that perturb the interaction of the Gla domain with divalent cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosko M Stojanovski
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Enrico Di Cera
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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11
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Zhang L, Liu G, Xia Q, Deng L. Research progress on blood compatibility of hemoperfusion adsorbent materials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1456694. [PMID: 39411060 PMCID: PMC11473396 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1456694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review examines the latest developments in improving the blood compatibility of hemoperfusion adsorbents. By leveraging advanced coating and modification techniques, including albumin-collodion, cellulose, hydrogel, and heparin coatings, notable enhancements in blood compatibility have been achieved across diverse adsorbent types, such as carbon-based, resin-based, and polysaccharide-based materials. Despite promising laboratory results, the intricate manufacturing processes and elevated costs present significant challenges for broad clinical application. Therefore, future endeavors should focus on cost-benefit analysis, large-scale production strategies, in-depth exploration of blood-material interactions, and innovative technologies to propel the development of safer and more effective blood purification therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Guohao Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Qingping Xia
- Department of Science and Education, Gaozhou People’s Hospital, Gaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gaozhou People’s Hospital, Gaozhou, Guangdong, China
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12
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Muric M, Nikolic M, Todorovic A, Jakovljevic V, Vucicevic K. Comparative Cardioprotective Effectiveness: NOACs vs. Nattokinase-Bridging Basic Research to Clinical Findings. Biomolecules 2024; 14:956. [PMID: 39199344 PMCID: PMC11352257 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) has brought a significant progress in the management of cardiovascular diseases, considered clinically superior to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) particularly in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic events. In addition, numerous advantages such as fixed dosing, lack of laboratory monitoring, and fewer food and drug-to-drug interactions make the use of NOACs superior to VKAs. While NOACs are synthetic drugs prescribed for specific conditions, nattokinase (NK) is a natural enzyme derived from food that has potential health benefits. Various experimental and clinical studies reported the positive effects of NK on the circulatory system, including the thinning of blood and the dissolution of blood clots. This enzyme showed not only fibrinolytic activity due to its ability to degrade fibrin, but also an affinity as a substrate for plasmin. Recent studies have shown that NK has additional cardioprotective effects, such as antihypertensive and anti-atherosclerotic effects. In this narrative review, we presented the cardioprotective properties of two different approaches that go beyond anticoagulation: NOACs and NK. By combining evidence from basic research with clinical findings, we aim to elucidate the comparative cardioprotective efficacy of these interventions and highlight their respective roles in modern cardiovascular care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Muric
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.M.); (V.J.)
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Marina Nikolic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.M.); (V.J.)
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Andreja Todorovic
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital Ćuprija, 35230 Ćuprija, Serbia;
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.M.); (V.J.)
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
- Department of Human Pathology, First Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenija Vucicevic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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13
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Mishima Y, Butt AL, Vandyck KB, Levy JH, Stewart KE, Tanaka KA. Antithrombin supplementation attenuates heparin resistance in plasma spiked with Gla-domainless factor Xa S195A in vitro. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:1204-1210. [PMID: 38594117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2024.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Andexanet alfa is a Gla-domainless mutant (S195A) factor Xa (GDXa) approved for acute reversal of oral factor Xa inhibitors. Cardiac surgery patients exposed to andexanet before cardiopulmonary bypass often exhibit severe heparin resistance. There is a paucity of data on the effectiveness and optimal dosage of antithrombin use in this setting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of increased heparin with antithrombin levels on attenuating heparin resistance induced by GDXa. METHODS Heparinised normal pooled plasma and cardiopulmonary bypass plasma were spiked with GDXa 4 μM. Tissue factor-activated thrombin generation was used to assess heparin reversal effects of GDXa and restoration of anticoagulation with additional heparin with and without antithrombin. Serum thrombin-antithrombin complex, antithrombin activity, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor were also measured in tissue factor-activated, recalcified cardiopulmonary bypass plasma spiked with GDXa. RESULTS In normal pooled plasma, GDXa-induced heparin reversal was mitigated by maintaining a high heparin concentration (12 U ml-1) and supplementing antithrombin (1.5-4.5 μM) based on peak and velocity of thrombin generation. Heparin reversal by GDXa was also demonstrated in cardiopulmonary bypass plasma, but supplementing both heparin (8 U ml-1) and antithrombin (3 μM) attenuated GDXa-induced changes in peak and velocity of thrombin generation by 72.5% and 72.2%, respectively. High heparin and antithrombin levels attenuated thrombin-antithrombin complex formation in tissue factor-activated, GDXa-spiked cardiopulmonary bypass plasma by 85.7%, but tissue factor pathway inhibitor remained depleted compared with control cardiopulmonary bypass plasma. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous supplementation of heparin and antithrombin mitigate GDXa-induced heparin resistance by compensating for the loss of tissue factor pathway inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Mishima
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Amir L Butt
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kofi B Vandyck
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jerrold H Levy
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Surgery (Cardiothoracic), Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth E Stewart
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kenichi A Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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14
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Zhong XJ, Wang CE, Li YN, Zhang QY, Sun QY. Atrase A, a P-III class metalloproteinase purified from cobra venom, exhibits potent anticoagulant activity by inhibiting coagulation pathway and activating the fibrinolytic system. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30969. [PMID: 38813202 PMCID: PMC11133756 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Snake venoms, comprising a complex array of protein-rich components, an important part of which are snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs). These SVMPs, which are predominantly isolated from viperid venoms, are integral to the pathology of snakebites. However, SVMPs derived from elapid venoms have not been extensively explored, and only a handful of SVMPs have been characterized to date. Atrase A, a nonhemorrhagic P-III class metalloproteinase from Naja atra venom, exhibits weak proteolytic activity against fibrinogen in vitro but has pronounced anticoagulant effects in vivo. This contrast spurred investigations into its anticoagulant mechanisms. Research findings indicate that atrase A notably extends the activated partial thromboplastin time, diminishes fibrinogen levels, and impedes platelet aggregation. The anticoagulant action of atrase A primarily involves inhibiting coagulation factor VIII and activating the endogenous fibrinolytic system, which in turn lowers fibrinogen levels. Additionally, its effect on platelet aggregation further contributes to its anticoagulant profile. This study unveils a novel anticoagulant mechanism of atrase A, significantly enriching the understanding of the roles of cobra venom metalloproteinases in snake venom. Furthermore, these findings underscore the potential of atrase A as a novel anticoagulant drug, offering insights into the functional evolutions of cobra venom metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Cai-E Wang
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Qi-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Qian-Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550014, China
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15
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Diedrich AM, Daneshgar A, Tang P, Klein O, Mohr A, Onwuegbuchulam OA, von Rueden S, Menck K, Bleckmann A, Juratli MA, Becker F, Sauer IM, Hillebrandt KH, Pascher A, Struecker B. Proteomic analysis of decellularized mice liver and kidney extracellular matrices. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:17. [PMID: 38389090 PMCID: PMC10885605 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a three-dimensional network of proteins that encases and supports cells within a tissue and promotes physiological and pathological cellular differentiation and functionality. Understanding the complex composition of the ECM is essential to decrypt physiological processes as well as pathogenesis. In this context, the method of decellularization is a useful technique to eliminate cellular components from tissues while preserving the majority of the structural and functional integrity of the ECM. RESULTS In this study, we employed a bottom-up proteomic approach to elucidate the intricate network of proteins in the decellularized extracellular matrices of murine liver and kidney tissues. This approach involved the use of a novel, perfusion-based decellularization protocol to generate acellular whole organ scaffolds. Proteomic analysis of decellularized mice liver and kidney ECM scaffolds revealed tissue-specific differences in matrisome composition, while we found a predominantly stable composition of the core matrisome, consisting of collagens, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans. Liver matrisome analysis revealed unique proteins such as collagen type VI alpha-6, fibrillin-2 or biglycan. In the kidney, specific ECM-regulators such as cathepsin z were detected. CONCLUSION The identification of distinct proteomic signatures provides insights into how different matrisome compositions might influence the biological properties of distinct tissues. This experimental workflow will help to further elucidate the proteomic landscape of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds of mice in order to decipher complex cell-matrix interactions and their contribution to a tissue-specific microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Diedrich
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Assal Daneshgar
- Department of Surgery, Charité Mitte | Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité -Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Tang
- Department of Surgery, Charité Mitte | Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité -Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Klein
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Core Facility Imaging Mass Spectrometry, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Mohr
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Olachi A Onwuegbuchulam
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sabine von Rueden
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Menck
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Mazen A Juratli
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Felix Becker
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Igor M Sauer
- Department of Surgery, Charité Mitte | Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité -Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl H Hillebrandt
- Department of Surgery, Charité Mitte | Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité -Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pascher
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Benjamin Struecker
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
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16
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Stojanovski BM, Mohammed BM, Di Cera E. The Prothrombin-Prothrombinase Interaction. Subcell Biochem 2024; 104:409-423. [PMID: 38963494 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58843-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The hemostatic response to vascular injury entails a sequence of proteolytic events where several inactive zymogens of the trypsin family are converted to active proteases. The cascade starts with exposure of tissue factor from the damaged endothelium and culminates with conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in a reaction catalyzed by the prothrombinase complex composed of the enzyme factor Xa, cofactor Va, Ca2+, and phospholipids. This cofactor-dependent activation is paradigmatic of analogous reactions of the blood coagulation and complement cascades, which makes elucidation of its molecular mechanism of broad significance to the large class of trypsin-like zymogens to which prothrombin belongs. Because of its relevance as the most important reaction in the physiological response to vascular injury, as well as the main trigger of pathological thrombotic complications, the mechanism of prothrombin activation has been studied extensively. However, a molecular interpretation of this mechanism has become available only recently from important developments in structural biology. Here we review current knowledge on the prothrombin-prothrombinase interaction and outline future directions for the study of this key reaction of the coagulation cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosko M Stojanovski
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bassem M Mohammed
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Enrico Di Cera
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Verbout NG, Su W, Pham P, Jordan KR, Kohs TCL, Tucker EI, McCarty OJT, Sherman LS. Cytoprotective E-WE thrombin reduces disease severity in a murine model of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C40-C49. [PMID: 37955120 PMCID: PMC11192471 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00377.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is composed of microvascular endothelial cells, immune cells, and astrocytes that work in concert with the coagulation cascade to control inflammation and immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system. Endothelial cell dysfunction leading to increased permeability and compromised barrier function are hallmarks of neuroinflammatory and autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Therapeutic strategies that improve or protect endothelial barrier function may be beneficial in the treatment or prevention of neuroinflammatory diseases. We therefore tested the hypothesis that biasing thrombin toward anticoagulant and cytoprotective activities would provide equivalent or even additive benefit compared with standard-of-care therapeutic strategies, including corticosteroids. In a mouse model of relapsing-remitting MS, treatment with the thrombin mutant, E-WE thrombin, an engineered thrombin mutant with cytoprotective activities that is biased toward anticoagulant and cytoprotective activity, reduced neuroinflammation and extracellular fibrin formation in SJL mice inoculated with proteolipid protein (PLP) peptide. When administered at the onset of detectable disease, E-WE thrombin significantly improved the disease severity of the initial attack as well as the relapse and delayed the onset of relapse to a similar extent as observed with methylprednisolone. Both methylprednisolone and E-WE thrombin reduced demyelination and immune cell recruitment. These results provide rationale for considering engineered forms of thrombin biased toward anticoagulant and cytoprotective activity as a therapeutic strategy and perhaps an effective alternative to high-dose methylprednisolone for the management of acute relapsing MS attacks.NEW & NOTEWORTHY There are limited treatment options for mitigating acute relapsing attacks for patients with multiple sclerosis. We tested the hypothesis that harnessing the cytoprotective activity of the blood coagulation enzyme, thrombin, would provide benefit and protection against relapsing disease in a mouse model of MS. Our results provide rationale for considering engineered forms of thrombin biased toward cytoprotective activity as a therapeutic strategy and perhaps an alternative to steroids for the management of relapsing MS attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah G Verbout
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Aronora, Inc, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Weiping Su
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
| | - Peter Pham
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
| | - Kelley R Jordan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Tia C L Kohs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Erik I Tucker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Aronora, Inc, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Larry S Sherman
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
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18
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Sugimoto K, Nishikawa T, Sugiyama T. CD41 + extracellular vesicles produced by avian thrombocytes contain microRNAs. Genes Cells 2023; 28:915-928. [PMID: 37927115 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Avians have thrombocytes in their blood circulation rather than mammalian platelets. However, many details of thrombocyte characteristics have not been determined. Here, chicken thrombocytes were isolated, and extracellular vesicle (EV) production was investigated. The thrombocyte-specific markers cd41 and cd61 were expressed in the yolk sac at 24 h. According to the embryonic developmental stage, the cd41-expressing tissues changed from the yolk sac to the bone marrow and spleen. Accordingly, the bone marrow and spleen were the main tissues producing thrombocytes in adult chickens. Avian thrombocytes were separated from adult spleen cells through a combination of discontinuous density gradient centrifugation, phagocytic cell removal, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Isolated thrombocytes produced CD41+ EVs (CD41+ EVs), and the CD41+ EVs also expressed CD9. Microarray analysis revealed that CD41+ EVs contain many microRNAs. Macrophage lines (RAW264.7) phagocytosed CD41+ EVs, and their phagocytosis and migration activity were suppressed. Microarray analysis also revealed that EVs altered gene expression in macrophages. These data indicated that the CD41+ EV was a carrier of microRNAs produced from thrombocytes and affected the cell characteristics of the received cells. Therefore, the CD41+ EVs of avians worked as a communication tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenkichi Sugimoto
- Faculty of Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Cell Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takamasa Nishikawa
- Faculty of Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Cell Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshie Sugiyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agrobiology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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19
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Terada R, Johnson PM, Butt AL, Mishima Y, Stewart KE, Levy JH, Tanaka KA. In vitro effects of Gla-domainless factor Xa analog on procoagulant and fibrinolytic pathways in apixaban-treated plasma and whole blood. Thromb Res 2023; 230:119-125. [PMID: 37713998 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Andexanet alfa is a Gla-domainless FXa (GDXa) analog used as an antidote to FXa inhibitors. Despite its clinical use, laboratory monitoring for anti-Xa reversal and the effect of andexanet on fibrinolysis has not been explored. We used a GDXa with a serine-to-alanine mutation at position 195 (chymotrypsin numbering) to model the interaction between andexanet and apixaban. METHODS Six batches of pooled plasma, and whole blood from healthy volunteers were treated with increasing concentrations of apixaban with/without GDXa. Thrombin generation and plasmin generation (TG and PG) were tested in plasma, and whole blood thrombus formation was tested using thromboelastometry or a flow-chamber system. FXa was also tested in isolation for its ability to support plasmin activation with/without apixaban and GDXa. RESULTS Apixaban (250-800 nM) concentration-dependently decreased the velocity and peak of TG in plasma. Apixaban prolonged the onset of thrombus formation in thromboelastometry and flow-chamber tests. GDXa normalized apixaban-induced delays in TG and whole blood thrombus formation. However, GDXa minimally affected the low PG velocity and peak caused by apixaban at higher concentrations (500-800 nM). FXa promoted plasmin generation independent of fibrin that was inhibited by apixaban at supratherapeutic concentrations. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the feasibility of assessing coagulation lag time recovery in plasma and whole blood following in vitro apixaban reversal using GDXa, a biosimilar to andexanet. In contrast, GDXa-induced changes in plasmin generation and fibrinolysis were limited in PG and tPA-added ROTEM assays, supporting the endogenous profibrinolytic activity of FXa and its inhibition at elevated apixaban concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Terada
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Penny M Johnson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Amir L Butt
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Yuko Mishima
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Kenneth E Stewart
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America; Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Jerold H Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Surgery (Cardiothoracic), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Kenichi A Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America.
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20
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Buzza MS, Pawar NR, Strong AA, Antalis TM. Intersection of Coagulation and Fibrinolysis by the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-Anchored Serine Protease Testisin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9306. [PMID: 37298257 PMCID: PMC10252689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemostasis is a delicate balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis that regulates the formation and removal of fibrin, respectively. Positive and negative feedback loops and crosstalk between coagulation and fibrinolytic serine proteases maintain the hemostatic balance to prevent both excessive bleeding and thrombosis. Here, we identify a novel role for the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored serine protease testisin in the regulation of pericellular hemostasis. Using in vitro cell-based fibrin generation assays, we found that the expression of catalytically active testisin on the cell surface accelerates thrombin-dependent fibrin polymerization, and intriguingly, that it subsequently promotes accelerated fibrinolysis. We find that the testisin-dependent fibrin formation is inhibited by rivaroxaban, a specific inhibitor of the central prothrombin-activating serine protease factor Xa (FXa), demonstrating that cell-surface testisin acts upstream of factor X (FX) to promote fibrin formation at the cell surface. Unexpectedly, testisin was also found to accelerate fibrinolysis by stimulating the plasmin-dependent degradation of fibrin and enhancing plasmin-dependent cell invasion through polymerized fibrin. Testisin was not a direct activator of plasminogen, but it is able to induce zymogen cleavage and the activation of pro-urokinase plasminogen activator (pro-uPA), which converts plasminogen to plasmin. These data identify a new proteolytic component that can regulate pericellular hemostatic cascades at the cell surface, which has implications for angiogenesis, cancer biology, and male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite S. Buzza
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.R.P.); (A.A.S.); (T.M.A.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Research and Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nisha R. Pawar
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.R.P.); (A.A.S.); (T.M.A.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Amando A. Strong
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.R.P.); (A.A.S.); (T.M.A.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Toni M. Antalis
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.R.P.); (A.A.S.); (T.M.A.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Research and Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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21
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Yin Q, Zhang X, Liao S, Huang X, Wan CC, Wang Y. Potential anticoagulant of traditional chinese medicine and novel targets for anticoagulant drugs. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154880. [PMID: 37267694 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticoagulants are the main drugs used for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis. Currently, anticoagulant drugs are primarily multitarget heparin drugs, single-target FXa inhibitors and FIIa inhibitors. In addition, some traditional Chinese drugs also have anticoagulant effects, but they are not the main direction of treatment at present. But the anticoagulant drugs mentioned above, all have a common side effect is bleeding. Many other anticoagulation targets are under investigation. With further exploration of coagulation mechanism, how to further determine new anticoagulant targets and how to make traditional Chinese medicine play anticoagulant role have become a new field of exploration. PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to summarize the recent research progress on coagulation mechanisms, new anticoagulant targets and traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using four electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang database and ClinicalTrials.gov, from the inception of the study to 28 Feb 2023. Key words used in the literature search were "anticoagulation", "anticoagulant targets", "new targets", "coagulation mechanisms", "potential anticoagulant", "herb medicine", "botanical medicine", "Chinese medicine", "traditional Chinese medicine", "blood coagulation factor", keywords are linked with AND/OR. Recent findings on coagulation mechanisms, potential anticoagulant targets and traditional Chinese medicine were studied. RESULTS The active components extracted from the Chinese medicinal herbs, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Chuanxiong rhizoma, safflower and Panax notoginseng have obvious anticoagulant effects and can be used as potential anticoagulant drugs, but the risk of bleeding is unclear. TF/FVIIa, FVIII, FIX, FXI, FXII, and FXIII have all been evaluated as targets in animal studies or clinical trials. FIX and FXI are the most studied anticoagulant targets, but FXI inhibitors have shown stronger advantages. CONCLUSION This review of potential anticoagulants provides a comprehensive resource. Literature analysis suggests that FXI inhibitors can be used as potential anticoagulant candidates. In addition, we should not ignore the anticoagulant effect of traditional Chinese medicine, and look forward to more research and the emergence of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinan Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR. China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR. China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR. China
| | - Suqing Liao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR. China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR. China
| | - Chunpeng Craig Wan
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Post-Harvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang 330045, PR. China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR. China.
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22
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Feser CJ, Williams JM, Lammers DT, Bingham JR, Eckert MJ, Tolar J, Osborn MJ. Engineering Human Cells Expressing CRISPR/Cas9-Synergistic Activation Mediators for Recombinant Protein Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8468. [PMID: 37239814 PMCID: PMC10218281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant engineering for protein production commonly employs plasmid-based gene templates for introduction and expression of genes in a candidate cell system in vitro. Challenges to this approach include identifying cell types that can facilitate proper post-translational modifications and difficulty expressing large multimeric proteins. We hypothesized that integration of the CRISPR/Cas9-synergistic activator mediator (SAM) system into the human genome would be a powerful tool capable of robust gene expression and protein production. SAMs are comprised of a "dead" Cas9 (dCas9) linked to transcriptional activators viral particle 64 (VP64), nuclear factor-kappa-B p65 subunit (p65), and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and are programmable to single or multiple gene targets. We integrated the components of the SAM system into human HEK293, HKB11, SK-HEP1, and HEP-g2 cells using coagulation factor X (FX) and fibrinogen (FBN) as proof of concept. We observed upregulation of mRNA in each cell type with concomitant protein expression. Our findings demonstrate the capability of human cells stably expressing SAM for user-defined singleplex and multiplex gene targeting and highlight their broad potential utility for recombinant engineering as well as transcriptional modulation across networks for basic, translational, and clinical modeling and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby J. Feser
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, MMC 366 Mayo, 8366A, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (C.J.F.); (J.T.)
| | - James M. Williams
- Department of General Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Ave, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA; (J.M.W.); (D.T.L.); (J.R.B.); (M.J.E.)
| | - Daniel T. Lammers
- Department of General Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Ave, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA; (J.M.W.); (D.T.L.); (J.R.B.); (M.J.E.)
| | - Jason R. Bingham
- Department of General Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Ave, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA; (J.M.W.); (D.T.L.); (J.R.B.); (M.J.E.)
| | - Matthew J. Eckert
- Department of General Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Ave, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA; (J.M.W.); (D.T.L.); (J.R.B.); (M.J.E.)
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, 160 Dental Circle, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, MMC 366 Mayo, 8366A, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (C.J.F.); (J.T.)
| | - Mark J. Osborn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, MMC 366 Mayo, 8366A, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (C.J.F.); (J.T.)
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23
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Sagris M, Theofilis P, Papanikolaou A, Antonopoulos AS, Tsioufis C, Tousoulis D. Direct Oral Anticoagulants use in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease, Acute Coronary Syndrome or Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2787-2794. [PMID: 38038010 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128259508231118141831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The investigation for the optimal anticoagulation strategy for patients with stable coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndromes, and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention constitutes a great challenge for physicians and is a field of extensive research. Although aspirin is commonly recommended as a protective measure for all patients with coronary artery disease and dual antiplatelet therapy for those undergoing procedures, such as percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft surgery, the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events remains significant. In this context, the shortcomings associated with the use of vitamin K antagonists have led to the assessment of direct oral anticoagulants as promising alternatives. This review will explore and provide a comprehensive analysis of the existing data regarding the use of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with stable coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndrome, as well as their effectiveness in those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Sagris
- 1st Cardiology Department, "Hippokration" General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- 1st Cardiology Department, "Hippokration" General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Papanikolaou
- 1st Cardiology Department, "Hippokration" General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios S Antonopoulos
- 1st Cardiology Department, "Hippokration" General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Tsioufis
- 1st Cardiology Department, "Hippokration" General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Cardiology Department, "Hippokration" General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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24
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Zheng W, Dai X, Xu B, Tian W, Shi J. Discovery and development of Factor Xa inhibitors (2015-2022). Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1105880. [PMID: 36909153 PMCID: PMC9993480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1105880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
As a pathological coagulation process, thrombus can lead to many serious diseases, including ischemic stroke, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). And anticoagulant drugs are one of the most effective ways to prevent and treat these diseases. Although macromolecular anticoagulant drugs such as low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are widely used in the clinic, their characteristics of requiring injectable use hinder their further promotion in the clinic, and the disadvantages of oral anticoagulant drugs, such as warfarin and dabigatran etexilate, which can easily cause bleeding adverse effects, are also not addressed. Factor Xa (FXa) has gained attention because it lies at the intersection of the coagulation cascade pathways, whereas subsequently introduced Factor Xa inhibitors such as rivaroxaban and apixaban, among others, have gained market popularity because of their high potency for anticoagulation and high specificity for Factor Xa when administered orally. But some of the drawbacks that these Factor Xa inhibitors have simultaneously such as fewer indications and the lack of an effective reversal drug when bleeding occurs are urgently addressed. The development of new Factor Xa inhibitors therefore becomes one means of addressing these questions. This article summarizes the small molecule Factor Xainhibitors developed from 2015 to 2022, classifies them according to their scaffolds, focuses on the analysis of their structure-activity relationships, and provides a brief assessment of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Dai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Binyao Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Operations Management Department, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu Sichuan China School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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25
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Diavati S, Sagris M, Terentes-Printzios D, Vlachopoulos C. Anticoagulation Treatment in Venous Thromboembolism: Options and Optimal Duration. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:296-305. [PMID: 34766887 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666211111150705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), clinically presenting as deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), constitutes a major global healthcare concern with severe complications, long-term morbidity and mortality. Although several clinical, genetic and acquired risk factors for VTE have been identified, the molecular pathophysiology and mechanisms of disease progression remain poorly understood. Anticoagulation has been the cornerstone of therapy for decades, but there still are uncertainties regarding primary and secondary VTE prevention, as well as optimal therapy duration. In this review we discuss the role of factor Xa in coagulation cascade and the different choices of anticoagulation therapy based on patients' predisposing risk factors and risk of event recurrence. Further, we compare newer agents to traditional anticoagulation treatment, based on most recent studies and guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavrianna Diavati
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens. Greece
| | | | | | - Charalambos Vlachopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens. Greece
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