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Chen Y, Yang H, Luo Y, Niu Y, Yu M, Deng S, Wang X, Deng H, Chen H, Gao L, Li X, Xu P, Xue F, Miao J, Shi SH, Zhong Y, Ma C, Lei B. Photoacoustic Tomography with Temporal Encoding Reconstruction (PATTERN) for cross-modal individual analysis of the whole brain. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4228. [PMID: 38762498 PMCID: PMC11102525 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cross-modal analysis of the same whole brain is an ideal strategy to uncover brain function and dysfunction. However, it remains challenging due to the slow speed and destructiveness of traditional whole-brain optical imaging techniques. Here we develop a new platform, termed Photoacoustic Tomography with Temporal Encoding Reconstruction (PATTERN), for non-destructive, high-speed, 3D imaging of ex vivo rodent, ferret, and non-human primate brains. Using an optimally designed image acquisition scheme and an accompanying machine-learning algorithm, PATTERN extracts signals of genetically-encoded probes from photobleaching-based temporal modulation and enables reliable visualization of neural projection in the whole central nervous system with 3D isotropic resolution. Without structural and biological perturbation to the sample, PATTERN can be combined with other whole-brain imaging modalities to acquire the whole-brain image with both high resolution and morphological fidelity. Furthermore, cross-modal transcriptome analysis of an individual brain is achieved by PATTERN imaging. Together, PATTERN provides a compatible and versatile strategy for brain-wide cross-modal analysis at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- Institute for Intelligent Healthcare, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- IDG/McGovern Institute of Brain Research, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- Institute for Intelligent Healthcare, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yijun Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- IDG/McGovern Institute of Brain Research, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Muzhou Yu
- School of Computer Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 713599, PR China
| | - Shanjun Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Xuanhao Wang
- Research Center for Humanoid Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311100, PR China
| | - Handi Deng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- Institute for Intelligent Healthcare, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Haichao Chen
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Lixia Gao
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, PR China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, PR China
| | - Pingyong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Fudong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Jing Miao
- Canterbury School, New Milford, CT, 06776, USA
| | - Song-Hai Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- IDG/McGovern Institute of Brain Research, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yi Zhong
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- IDG/McGovern Institute of Brain Research, Beijing, 100084, PR China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
- Institute for Intelligent Healthcare, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Bo Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
- IDG/McGovern Institute of Brain Research, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
- Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
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Sun Y, Wang Y, Li W, Li C. Real-time dual-modal photoacoustic and fluorescence small animal imaging. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2024; 36:100593. [PMID: 38352643 PMCID: PMC10862394 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2024.100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
By combining optical absorption contrast and acoustic resolution, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has broken the barrier in depth for high-resolution optical imaging. Meanwhile, Fluorescence imaging (FLI), owing to advantages of high sensitivity and high specificity with abundant fluorescence agents and proteins, has always been playing a key role in live animal studies. Based on different optical contrast mechanisms, PAI and FLI can provide important complementary information to each other. In this work, we uniquely designed a Photoacoustic-Fluorescence (PA-FL) imaging system that provides real-time dual modality imaging, in which a half-ring ultrasonic array is employed for high quality PA tomography and a specially designed optical window allows simultaneous whole-body fluorescence imaging. The performance of this dual modality system was demonstrated in live animal studies, including real-time monitoring of perfusion and metabolic processes of fluorescent dyes. Our study indicates that the PA-FL imaging system has unique potential for live small animal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenzhao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Changhui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Liu X, Kalva SK, Lafci B, Nozdriukhin D, Deán-Ben XL, Razansky D. Full-view LED-based optoacoustic tomography. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 31:100521. [PMID: 37342502 PMCID: PMC10277581 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Optoacoustic tomography is commonly performed with bulky and expensive short-pulsed solid-state lasers providing high per-pulse energies in the millijoule range. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) represent a cost-effective and portable alternative for optoacoustic signal excitation that can additionally provide excellent pulse-to-pulse stability. Herein, we introduce a full-view LED-based optoacoustic tomography (FLOAT) system for deep tissue in vivo imaging. It is based on a custom-made electronic unit driving a stacked array of LEDs, which attains 100 ns pulse width and highly stable (0.62 % standard deviation) total per-pulse energy of 0.48 mJ. The illumination source is integrated into a circular array of cylindrically-focused ultrasound detection elements to result in a full-view tomographic configuration, which plays a critical role in circumventing limited-view effects, enhancing the effective field-of-view and image quality for cross-sectional (2D) imaging. We characterized the FLOAT performance in terms of pulse width, power stability, excitation light distribution, signal-to-noise and penetration depth. FLOAT of the human finger revealed a comparable imaging performance to that achieved with the standard pulsed Nd:YAG laser. It is anticipated that this compact, affordable and versatile illumination technology will facilitate optoacoustic imaging developments in resource-limited settings for biological and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Sandeep Kumar Kalva
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Berkan Lafci
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Daniil Nozdriukhin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Xosé Luís Deán-Ben
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
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Penn C, Katnik C, Cuevas J, Mohapatra SS, Mohapatra S. Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography (MSOT): Monitoring Neurovascular Changes in a Mouse Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury Model. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 393:109876. [PMID: 37150303 PMCID: PMC10388337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that mild TBI injuries, which comprise >75% of all TBIs, can cause chronic post-concussive symptoms, especially when experienced repetitively (rTBI). rTBI is a major cause of cognitive deficit in athletes and military personnel and is associated with neurovascular changes. Current methods to monitor neurovascular changes in detail are prohibitively expensive and invasive for patients with mild injuries. NEW METHOD We evaluated the potential of multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) to monitor neurovascular changes and assess therapeutic strategies in a mouse model of rTBI. Mice were subjected to rTBI or sham via controlled cortical impact and administered pioglitazone (PG) or vehicle. Oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin were monitored using MSOT. Indocyanine green clearance was imaged via MSOT to evaluate blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. RESULTS Mice subjected to rTBI show a transient increase in oxygenated/total hemoglobin ratio which can be mitigated by PG administration. rTBI mice also show BBB disruption shortly after injury and reduction of oxygenated/total hemoglobin in the chronic stage, neither of which were affected by PG intervention. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS MSOT imaging has the potential as a noninvasive in vivo imaging method to monitor neurovascular changes and assess therapeutics in mouse models of rTBI. In comparison to standard methods of tracking inflammation and BBB disruption, MSOT can be used multiple times throughout the course of injury without the need for surgery. Thus, MSOT is especially useful in research of rTBI models for screening therapeutics, and with further technological improvements may be extended for use in rTBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Penn
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital,13000 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 4202 E Fowler Ave. Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Chris Katnik
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 4202 E Fowler Ave. Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Javier Cuevas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 4202 E Fowler Ave. Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Shyam S Mohapatra
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital,13000 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 4202 E Fowler Ave. Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 4202 E Fowler Ave. Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital,13000 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 4202 E Fowler Ave. Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Liu N, Mishra K, Stiel AC, Gujrati V, Ntziachristos V. The sound of drug delivery: Optoacoustic imaging in pharmacology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114506. [PMID: 35998826 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Optoacoustic (photoacoustic) imaging offers unique opportunities for visualizing biological function in vivo by achieving high-resolution images of optical contrast much deeper than any other optical technique. The method detects ultrasound waves that are generated inside tissue by thermo-elastic expansion, i.e., the conversion of light absorption by tissue structures to ultrasound when the tissue is illuminated by the light of varying intensity. Listening instead of looking to light offers the major advantage of image formation with a resolution that obeys ultrasonic diffraction and not photon diffusion laws. While the technique has been widely used to explore contrast from endogenous photo-absorbing molecules, such as hemoglobin or melanin, the use of exogenous agents can extend applications to a larger range of biological and possible clinical applications, such as image-guided surgery, disease monitoring, and the evaluation of drug delivery, biodistribution, and kinetics. This review summarizes recent developments in optoacoustic agents, and highlights new functions visualized and potent pharmacology applications enabled with the use of external contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg 85764, Germany; PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Kanuj Mishra
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Andre C Stiel
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Vipul Gujrati
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence (MIRMI), Technical University of Munich, Munich 80992, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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Gao Y, Xu W, Chen Y, Xie W, Cheng Q. Deep Learning-Based Photoacoustic Imaging of Vascular Network Through Thick Porous Media. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2022; 41:2191-2204. [PMID: 35294347 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2022.3158474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging is a promising approach used to realize in vivo transcranial cerebral vascular imaging. However, the strong attenuation and distortion of the photoacoustic wave caused by the thick porous skull greatly affect the imaging quality. In this study, we developed a convolutional neural network based on U-Net to extract the effective photoacoustic information hidden in the speckle patterns obtained from vascular network images datasets under porous media. Our simulation and experimental results show that the proposed neural network can learn the mapping relationship between the speckle pattern and the target, and extract the photoacoustic signals of the vessels submerged in noise to reconstruct high-quality images of the vessels with a sharp outline and a clean background. Compared with the traditional photoacoustic reconstruction methods, the proposed deep learning-based reconstruction algorithm has a better performance with a lower mean absolute error, higher structural similarity, and higher peak signal-to-noise ratio of reconstructed images. In conclusion, the proposed neural network can effectively extract valid information from highly blurred speckle patterns for the rapid reconstruction of target images, which offers promising applications in transcranial photoacoustic imaging.
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Keum H, Yoo D, Jon S. Photomedicine based on heme-derived compounds. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114134. [PMID: 35122881 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoimaging and phototherapy have become major platforms for the diagnosis and treatment of various health complications. These applications require a photosensitizer (PS) that is capable of absorbing light from a source and converting it into other energy forms for detection and therapy. While synthetic inorganic materials such as quantum dots and gold nanorods have been widely explored for their medical diagnosis and photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal (PTT) therapy capabilities, translation of these technologies has lagged, primarily owing to potential cytotoxicity and immunogenicity issues. Of the various photoreactive molecules, the naturally occurring endogenous compound heme, a constituent of red blood cells, and its derivatives, porphyrin, biliverdin and bilirubin, have shown immense potential as noteworthy candidates for clinically translatable photoreactive agents, as evidenced by previous reports. While porphyrin-based photomedicines have attracted significant attention and are well documented, research on photomedicines based on two other heme-derived compounds, biliverdin and bilirubin, has been relatively lacking. In this review, we summarize the unique photoproperties of heme-derived compounds and outline recent efforts to use them in biomedical imaging and phototherapy applications.
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Li L, Hsu H, Verkhusha VV, Wang LV, Shcherbakova DM. Multiscale Photoacoustic Tomography of a Genetically Encoded Near-Infrared FRET Biosensor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102474. [PMID: 34533889 PMCID: PMC8564460 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) with genetically encoded near-infrared probes enables visualization of specific cell populations in vivo at high resolution deeply in biological tissues. However, because of a lack of proper probes, PAT of cellular dynamics remains unexplored. Here, the authors report a near-infrared Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor based on a miRFP670-iRFP720 pair of the near-infrared fluorescent proteins, which enables dynamic functional imaging of active biological processes in deep tissues. By photoacoustically detecting the changes in the optical absorption of the miRFP670 FRET-donor, they monitored cell apoptosis in deep tissue at high spatiotemporal resolution using PAT. Specifically, they detected apoptosis in single cells at a resolution of ≈3 µm in a mouse ear tumor, and in deep brain tumors (>3 mm beneath the scalp) of living mice at a spatial resolution of ≈150 µm with a 20 Hz frame rate. These results open the way for high-resolution photoacoustic imaging of dynamic biological processes in deep tissues using NIR biosensors and PAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering and Department of Electrical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA91125USA
| | - Hsun‐Chia Hsu
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering and Department of Electrical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA91125USA
| | - Vladislav V. Verkhusha
- Medicum, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00290Finland
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss‐Lipper Biophotonics CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY10461USA
- Science Center for Genetics and Life SciencesSirius University of Science and TechnologySochi354340Russia
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering and Department of Electrical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA91125USA
| | - Daria M. Shcherbakova
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss‐Lipper Biophotonics CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY10461USA
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Mixing Matrix-corrected Whole-body Pharmacokinetic Modeling Using Longitudinal Micro-computed Tomography and Fluorescence-mediated Tomography. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:963-974. [PMID: 34231106 PMCID: PMC8578052 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pharmacokinetic modeling can be applied to quantify the kinetics of fluorescently labeled compounds using longitudinal micro-computed tomography and fluorescence-mediated tomography (μCT-FMT). However, fluorescence blurring from neighboring organs or tissues and the vasculature within tissues impede the accuracy in the estimation of kinetic parameters. Contributions of elimination and retention activities of fluorescent probes inside the kidneys and liver can be hard to distinguish by a kinetic model. This study proposes a deconvolution approach using a mixing matrix to model fluorescence contributions to improve whole-body pharmacokinetic modeling. PROCEDURES In the kinetic model, a mixing matrix was applied to unmix the fluorescence blurring from neighboring tissues and blood vessels and unmix the fluorescence contributions of elimination and retention in the kidney and liver compartments. Accordingly, the kinetic parameters of the hepatobiliary and renal elimination routes and five major retention sites (the kidneys, liver, bone, spleen, and lung) were investigated in simulations and in an in vivo study. In the latter, the pharmacokinetics of four fluorescently labeled compounds (indocyanine green (ICG), HITC-iodide-microbubbles (MB), Cy7-nanogels (NG), and OsteoSense 750 EX (OS)) were evaluated in BALB/c nude mice. RESULTS In the simulations, the corrected modeling resulted in lower relative errors and stronger linear relationships (slopes close to 1) between the estimated and simulated parameters, compared to the uncorrected modeling. For the in vivo study, MB and NG showed significantly higher hepatic retention rates (P<0.05 and P<0.05, respectively), while OS had smaller renal and hepatic retention rates (P<0.01 and P<0.01, respectively). Additionally, the bone retention rate of OS was significantly higher (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The mixing matrix correction improves pharmacokinetic modeling and thus enables a more accurate assessment of the biodistribution of fluorescently labeled pharmaceuticals by μCT-FMT.
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Bodea SV, Westmeyer GG. Photoacoustic Neuroimaging - Perspectives on a Maturing Imaging Technique and its Applications in Neuroscience. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:655247. [PMID: 34220420 PMCID: PMC8253050 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.655247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A prominent goal of neuroscience is to improve our understanding of how brain structure and activity interact to produce perception, emotion, behavior, and cognition. The brain's network activity is inherently organized in distinct spatiotemporal patterns that span scales from nanometer-sized synapses to meter-long nerve fibers and millisecond intervals between electrical signals to decades of memory storage. There is currently no single imaging method that alone can provide all the relevant information, but intelligent combinations of complementary techniques can be effective. Here, we thus present the latest advances in biomedical and biological engineering on photoacoustic neuroimaging in the context of complementary imaging techniques. A particular focus is placed on recent advances in whole-brain photoacoustic imaging in rodent models and its influential role in bridging the gap between fluorescence microscopy and more non-invasive techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We consider current strategies to address persistent challenges, particularly in developing molecular contrast agents, and conclude with an overview of potential future directions for photoacoustic neuroimaging to provide deeper insights into healthy and pathological brain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviu-Vasile Bodea
- Department of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Synthetic Biomedicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gil Gregor Westmeyer
- Department of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Synthetic Biomedicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
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Yao J, Wang LV. Perspective on fast-evolving photoacoustic tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210105-PERR. [PMID: 34196136 PMCID: PMC8244998 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.6.060602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Acoustically detecting the rich optical absorption contrast in biological tissues, photoacoustic tomography (PAT) seamlessly bridges the functional and molecular sensitivity of optical excitation with the deep penetration and high scalability of ultrasound detection. As a result of continuous technological innovations and commercial development, PAT has been playing an increasingly important role in life sciences and patient care, including functional brain imaging, smart drug delivery, early cancer diagnosis, and interventional therapy guidance. AIM Built on our 2016 tutorial article that focused on the principles and implementations of PAT, this perspective aims to provide an update on the exciting technical advances in PAT. APPROACH This perspective focuses on the recent PAT innovations in volumetric deep-tissue imaging, high-speed wide-field microscopic imaging, high-sensitivity optical ultrasound detection, and machine-learning enhanced image reconstruction and data processing. Representative applications are introduced to demonstrate these enabling technical breakthroughs in biomedical research. CONCLUSIONS We conclude the perspective by discussing the future development of PAT technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yao
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- California Institute of Technology, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
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12
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Razansky D, Klohs J, Ni R. Multi-scale optoacoustic molecular imaging of brain diseases. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:4152-4170. [PMID: 33594473 PMCID: PMC8566397 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to non-invasively visualize endogenous chromophores and exogenous probes and sensors across the entire rodent brain with the high spatial and temporal resolution has empowered optoacoustic imaging modalities with unprecedented capacities for interrogating the brain under physiological and diseased conditions. This has rapidly transformed optoacoustic microscopy (OAM) and multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) into emerging research tools to study animal models of brain diseases. In this review, we describe the principles of optoacoustic imaging and showcase recent technical advances that enable high-resolution real-time brain observations in preclinical models. In addition, advanced molecular probe designs allow for efficient visualization of pathophysiological processes playing a central role in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, brain tumors, and stroke. We describe outstanding challenges in optoacoustic imaging methodologies and propose a future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, HIT E42.1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Klohs
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, HIT E42.1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, HIT E42.1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Uiversity of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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13
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Konovalov AB, Vlasov VV, Uglov AS. Early-photon reflectance fluorescence molecular tomography for small animal imaging: Mathematical model and numerical experiment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 37:e03408. [PMID: 33094558 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents an original approach to time-domain reflectance fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) of small animals. It is based on the use of early arriving photons and state-of-the-art compressed-sensing-like reconstruction algorithms and aims to improve the spatial resolution of fluorescent images. We deduce the fundamental equation that models the imaging operator and derive analytical representations for the sensitivity functions which are responsible for the reconstruction of the fluorophore absorption coefficient. The idea of fluorescence lifetime tomography with our approach is also discussed. We conduct a numerical experiment on 3D reconstruction of box phantoms with spherical fluorescent inclusions of small diameters. For modeling measurement data and constructing the sensitivity matrix we assume a virtual fluorescence tomograph with a scanning fiber probe that illuminates and collects light in reflectance geometry. It provides for large source-receiver separations which correspond to the macroscopic regime. Two compressed-sensing-like reconstruction algorithms are used to solve the inverse problem. These are the algebraic reconstruction technique with total variation regularization and our modification of the fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm. Results of our numerical experiment show that our approach is capable of achieving as good spatial resolution as 0.2 mm and even better at depths to 9 mm inclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Konovalov
- Computational Center, Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Russian Federal Nuclear Center - Zababakhin All-Russia Research Institute of Technical Physics,", Snezhinsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly V Vlasov
- Computational Center, Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Russian Federal Nuclear Center - Zababakhin All-Russia Research Institute of Technical Physics,", Snezhinsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Uglov
- Computational Center, Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Russian Federal Nuclear Center - Zababakhin All-Russia Research Institute of Technical Physics,", Snezhinsk, Russia
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14
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Jacobs AH, Schelhaas S, Viel T, Waerzeggers Y, Winkeler A, Zinnhardt B, Gelovani J. Imaging of Gene and Cell-Based Therapies: Basis and Clinical Trials. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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15
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Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging: Principles and Practice. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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16
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Li M, Nyayapathi N, Kilian HI, Xia J, Lovell JF, Yao J. Sound Out the Deep Colors: Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging at New Depths. Mol Imaging 2020; 19:1536012120981518. [PMID: 33336621 PMCID: PMC7750763 DOI: 10.1177/1536012120981518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) has become increasingly popular for molecular imaging due to its unique optical absorption contrast, high spatial resolution, deep imaging depth, and high imaging speed. Yet, the strong optical attenuation of biological tissues has traditionally prevented PAT from penetrating more than a few centimeters and limited its application for studying deeply seated targets. A variety of PAT technologies have been developed to extend the imaging depth, including employing deep-penetrating microwaves and X-ray photons as excitation sources, delivering the light to the inside of the organ, reshaping the light wavefront to better focus into scattering medium, as well as improving the sensitivity of ultrasonic transducers. At the same time, novel optical fluence mapping algorithms and image reconstruction methods have been developed to improve the quantitative accuracy of PAT, which is crucial to recover weak molecular signals at larger depths. The development of highly-absorbing near-infrared PA molecular probes has also flourished to provide high sensitivity and specificity in studying cellular processes. This review aims to introduce the recent developments in deep PA molecular imaging, including novel imaging systems, image processing methods and molecular probes, as well as their representative biomedical applications. Existing challenges and future directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mucong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3065Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nikhila Nyayapathi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 12292University of Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hailey I Kilian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 12292University of Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 12292University of Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 12292University of Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3065Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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17
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Ashmore-Harris C, Iafrate M, Saleem A, Fruhwirth GO. Non-invasive Reporter Gene Imaging of Cell Therapies, including T Cells and Stem Cells. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1392-1416. [PMID: 32243834 PMCID: PMC7264441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies represent a rapidly emerging class of new therapeutics. They are intended and developed for the treatment of some of the most prevalent human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and for regenerative medicine. Currently, they are largely developed without precise assessment of their in vivo distribution, efficacy, or survival either clinically or preclinically. However, it would be highly beneficial for both preclinical cell therapy development and subsequent clinical use to assess these parameters in situ to enable enhancements in efficacy, applicability, and safety. Molecular imaging can be exploited to track cells non-invasively on the whole-body level and can enable monitoring for prolonged periods in a manner compatible with rapidly expanding cell types. In this review, we explain how in vivo imaging can aid the development and clinical translation of cell-based therapeutics. We describe the underlying principles governing non-invasive in vivo long-term cell tracking in the preclinical and clinical settings, including available imaging technologies, reporter genes, and imaging agents as well as pitfalls related to experimental design. Our emphasis is on adoptively transferred T cell and stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Ashmore-Harris
- Imaging Therapy and Cancer Group, Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Madeleine Iafrate
- Imaging Therapy and Cancer Group, Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Adeel Saleem
- Imaging Therapy and Cancer Group, Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Gilbert O Fruhwirth
- Imaging Therapy and Cancer Group, Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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18
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Iafrate M, Fruhwirth GO. How Non-invasive in vivo Cell Tracking Supports the Development and Translation of Cancer Immunotherapies. Front Physiol 2020; 11:154. [PMID: 32327996 PMCID: PMC7152671 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a relatively new treatment regimen for cancer, and it is based on the modulation of the immune system to battle cancer. Immunotherapies can be classified as either molecular or cell-based immunotherapies, and both types have demonstrated promising results in a growing number of cancers. Indeed, several immunotherapies representing both classes are already approved for clinical use in oncology. While spectacular treatment successes have been reported, particularly for so-called immune checkpoint inhibitors and certain cell-based immunotherapies, they have also been accompanied by a variety of severe, sometimes life-threatening side effects. Furthermore, not all patients respond to immunotherapy. Hence, there is the need for more research to render these promising therapeutics more efficacious, more widely applicable, and safer to use. Whole-body in vivo imaging technologies that can interrogate cancers and/or immunotherapies are highly beneficial tools for immunotherapy development and translation to the clinic. In this review, we explain how in vivo imaging can aid the development of molecular and cell-based anti-cancer immunotherapies. We describe the principles of imaging host T-cells and adoptively transferred therapeutic T-cells as well as the value of traceable cancer cell models in immunotherapy development. Our emphasis is on in vivo cell tracking methodology, including important aspects and caveats specific to immunotherapies. We discuss a variety of associated experimental design aspects including parameters such as cell type, observation times/intervals, and detection sensitivity. The focus is on non-invasive 3D cell tracking on the whole-body level including aspects relevant for both preclinical experimentation and clinical translatability of the underlying methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilbert O. Fruhwirth
- Imaging Therapy and Cancer Group, Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Ankri R, Basu A, Ulku AC, Bruschini C, Charbon E, Weiss S, Michalet X. Single-Photon, Time-Gated, Phasor-Based Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging through Highly Scattering Medium. ACS PHOTONICS 2020; 7:68-79. [PMID: 35936550 PMCID: PMC9355389 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.9b00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLI) is increasingly recognized as a powerful tool for biochemical and cellular investigations, including in vivo applications. Fluorescence lifetime is an intrinsic characteristic of any fluorescent dye which, to a large extent, does not depend on excitation intensity and signal level. In particular, it allows distinguishing dyes with similar emission spectra, offering additional multiplexing capabilities. However, in vivo FLI in the visible range is complicated by the contamination by (i) tissue autofluorescence, which decreases contrast, and by (ii) light scattering and absorption in tissues, which significantly reduce fluorescence intensity and modify the temporal profile of the signal. Here, we demonstrate how these issues can be accounted for and overcome, using a new time-gated single-photon avalanche diode array camera, SwissSPAD2, combined with phasor analysis to provide a simple and fast visual method for lifetime imaging. In particular, we show how phasor dispersion increases with increasing scattering and/or decreasing fluorescence intensity. Next, we show that as long as the fluorescence signal of interest is larger than the phantom autofluorescence, the presence of a distinct lifetime can be clearly identified with appropriate background correction. We use these results to demonstrate the detection of A459 cells expressing the fluorescent protein mCyRFP1 through highly scattering and autofluorescent phantom layers. These results showcase the possibility to perform FLI in challenging conditions, using standard, bright, visible fluorophore or fluorescence proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Ankri
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Corresponding Authors:.
| | - Arkaprabha Basu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Arin Can Ulku
- School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Neuchâtel 1015, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Bruschini
- School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Neuchâtel 1015, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Charbon
- School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Neuchâtel 1015, Switzerland
| | - Shimon Weiss
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xavier Michalet
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Corresponding Authors:.
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20
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An Efficient Implementation of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for MRI Segmentation. J Digit Imaging 2019; 31:738-747. [PMID: 29488179 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-018-0062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Image segmentation is one of the most common steps in digital image processing, classifying a digital image into different segments. The main goal of this paper is to segment brain tumors in magnetic resonance images (MRI) using deep learning. Tumors having different shapes, sizes, brightness and textures can appear anywhere in the brain. These complexities are the reasons to choose a high-capacity Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) containing more than one layer. The proposed DCNN contains two parts: architecture and learning algorithms. The architecture and the learning algorithms are used to design a network model and to optimize parameters for the network training phase, respectively. The architecture contains five convolutional layers, all using 3 × 3 kernels, and one fully connected layer. Due to the advantage of using small kernels with fold, it allows making the effect of larger kernels with smaller number of parameters and fewer computations. Using the Dice Similarity Coefficient metric, we report accuracy results on the BRATS 2016, brain tumor segmentation challenge dataset, for the complete, core, and enhancing regions as 0.90, 0.85, and 0.84 respectively. The learning algorithm includes the task-level parallelism. All the pixels of an MR image are classified using a patch-based approach for segmentation. We attain a good performance and the experimental results show that the proposed DCNN increases the segmentation accuracy compared to previous techniques.
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21
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Ovsepian SV, Olefir I, Ntziachristos V. Advances in Optoacoustic Neurotomography of Animal Models. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:1315-1326. [PMID: 31662189 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Unlike traditional optical methods, optoacoustic imaging is less sensitive to scattering of ballistic photons, so it is capable of high-resolution interrogation at a greater depth. By integrating video-rate visualization with multiplexing and sensing a range of endogenous and exogenous chromophores, optoacoustic imaging has matured into a versatile noninvasive investigation modality with rapidly expanding use in biomedical research. We review the principal features of the technology and discuss recent advances it has enabled in structural, functional, and molecular neuroimaging in small-animal models. In extending the boundaries of noninvasive observation beyond the reach of customary photonic methods, the latest developments in optoacoustics have substantially advanced neuroimaging inquiry, with promising implications for basic and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saak V Ovsepian
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 116 36 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivan Olefir
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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22
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Yang H, Olefir I, Tzoumas S, Ntziachristos V. Synthetic data framework to estimate the minimum detectable concentration of contrast agents for multispectral optoacoustic imaging of small animals. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900021. [PMID: 30891932 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of contrast agents for optoacoustic imaging of small animals must usually be optimized through extensive pilot experiments on a case-by-case basis. The present work describes a streamlined approach for determining the minimum detectable concentration (MDC) of a contrast agent given experimental conditions and imaging system parameters. The developed Synthetic Data Framework (SDF) allows estimation of MDCs of various contrast agents under different tissue conditions without extensive animal experiments. The SDF combines simulated optoacoustic signals from exogenously administered contrast agents with in vivo experimental signals from background tissue to generate realistic synthetic multispectral optoacoustic images. In this paper, the SDF is validated with in vivo measurements and demonstrates close agreement between SDF synthetic data and experimental data in terms of both image intensity and MDCs. Use of the SDF to estimate MDCs for fluorescent dyes and nanoparticles at different tissue depths and for imaging lesions of different sizes is illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging, TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ivan Olefir
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging, TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stratis Tzoumas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging, TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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23
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Karasev MM, Stepanenko OV, Rumyantsev KA, Turoverov KK, Verkhusha VV. Near-Infrared Fluorescent Proteins and Their Applications. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:S32-S50. [PMID: 31213194 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919140037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
High transparency, low light-scattering, and low autofluorescence of mammalian tissues in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range (~650-900 nm) open a possibility for in vivo imaging of biological processes at the micro- and macroscales to address basic and applied problems in biology and biomedicine. Recently, probes that absorb and fluoresce in the NIR optical range have been engineered using bacterial phytochromes - natural NIR light-absorbing photoreceptors that regulate metabolism in bacteria. Since the chromophore in all these proteins is biliverdin, a natural product of heme catabolism in mammalian cells, they can be used as genetically encoded fluorescent probes, similarly to GFP-like fluorescent proteins. In this review, we discuss photophysical and biochemical properties of NIR fluorescent proteins, reporters, and biosensors and analyze their characteristics required for expression of these molecules in mammalian cells. Structural features and molecular engineering of NIR fluorescent probes are discussed. Applications of NIR fluorescent proteins and biosensors for studies of molecular processes in cells, as well as for tissue and organ visualization in whole-body imaging in vivo, are described. We specifically focus on the use of NIR fluorescent probes in advanced imaging technologies that combine fluorescence and bioluminescence methods with photoacoustic tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Karasev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia. .,Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - O V Stepanenko
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia.
| | - K A Rumyantsev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia. .,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow, 111123, Russia
| | - K K Turoverov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia. .,Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia
| | - V V Verkhusha
- Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland. .,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Mishra K, Fuenzalida-Werner JP, Ntziachristos V, Stiel AC. Photocontrollable Proteins for Optoacoustic Imaging. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5470-5477. [PMID: 30933491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photocontrollable proteins revolutionized life-science imaging due to their contribution to subdiffraction-resolution optical microscopy. They might have yet another lasting impact on photo- or optoacoustic imaging (OA). OA combines optical contrast with ultrasound detection enabling high-resolution real-time in vivo imaging well-beyond the typical penetration depth of optical methods. While OA already showed numerous applications relying on endogenous contrast from blood hemoglobin or lipids, its application in the life-science was limited by a lack of labels overcoming the strong signal from the aforementioned endogenous absorbers. Here, a number of recent studies showed that photocontrollable proteins provide the means to overcome this barrier eventually enabling OA to image small cell numbers in a complete organism in vivo. In this Feature article, we introduce the key photocontrollable proteins, explain the basic concepts, and highlight achievements that have been already made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanuj Mishra
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI) , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | | | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI) , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany.,Chair of Biological Imaging and Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM) , Technische Universität München , 81675 Munich , Germany
| | - Andre C Stiel
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI) , Helmholtz Zentrum München , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
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Merčep E, Herraiz JL, Deán-Ben XL, Razansky D. Transmission-reflection optoacoustic ultrasound (TROPUS) computed tomography of small animals. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:18. [PMID: 30728957 PMCID: PMC6351605 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapid progress in the development of multispectral optoacoustic tomography techniques has enabled unprecedented insights into biological dynamics and molecular processes in vivo and noninvasively at penetration and spatiotemporal scales not covered by modern optical microscopy methods. Ultrasound imaging provides highly complementary information on elastic and functional tissue properties and further aids in enhancing optoacoustic image quality. We devised the first hybrid transmission-reflection optoacoustic ultrasound (TROPUS) small animal imaging platform that combines optoacoustic tomography with both reflection- and transmission-mode ultrasound computed tomography. The system features full-view cross-sectional tomographic imaging geometry for concomitant noninvasive mapping of the absorbed optical energy, acoustic reflectivity, speed of sound, and acoustic attenuation in whole live mice with submillimeter resolution and unrivaled image quality. Graphics-processing unit (GPU)-based algorithms employing spatial compounding and bent-ray-tracing iterative reconstruction were further developed to attain real-time rendering of ultrasound tomography images in the full-ring acquisition geometry. In vivo mouse imaging experiments revealed fine details on the organ parenchyma, vascularization, tissue reflectivity, density, and stiffness. We further used the speed of sound maps retrieved by the transmission ultrasound tomography to improve optoacoustic reconstructions via two-compartment modeling. The newly developed synergistic multimodal combination offers unmatched capabilities for imaging multiple tissue properties and biomarkers with high resolution, penetration, and contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Merčep
- 0000000123222966grid.6936.aFaculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- grid.498434.6iThera Medical GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Joaquín L. Herraiz
- 0000 0001 2157 7667grid.4795.fNuclear Physics Group and UPARCOS, Complutense University of Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain
- grid.414780.eHealth Research Institute of Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xosé Luís Deán-Ben
- 0000 0004 0483 2525grid.4567.0Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- 0000 0004 1937 0650grid.7400.3Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- 0000 0001 2156 2780grid.5801.cInstitute for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- 0000000123222966grid.6936.aFaculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- 0000 0004 0483 2525grid.4567.0Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- 0000 0004 1937 0650grid.7400.3Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- 0000 0001 2156 2780grid.5801.cInstitute for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Zhou K, Ding Y, Vuletic I, Tian Y, Li J, Liu J, Huang Y, Sun H, Li C, Ren Q, Lu Y. In vivo long-term investigation of tumor bearing mKate2 by an in-house fluorescence molecular imaging system. Biomed Eng Online 2018; 17:187. [PMID: 30594200 PMCID: PMC6310933 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-018-0615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Optical imaging is one of the most common, low-cost imaging tools used for investigating the tumor biological behavior in vivo. This study explores the feasibility and sensitivity of a near infrared fluorescent protein mKate2 for a long-term non-invasive tumor imaging in BALB/c nude mice, by using a low-power optical imaging system. Methods In this study, breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435s expressing mKate2 and MDA-MB-231 expressing a dual reporter gene firefly luciferase (fLuc)-GFP were used as cell models. Tumor cells were implanted in different animal body compartments including subcutaneous, abdominal and deep tissue area and closely monitored in real-time. A simple and low-power optical imaging system was set up to image both fluorescence and bioluminescence in live animals. Results The presence of malignant tissue was further confirmed by histopathological assay. Considering its lower exposure time and no need of substrate injection, mKate2 is considered a superior choice for subcutaneous imaging compared with fLuc. On the contrary, fLuc has shown to be a better option when monitoring the tumor in a diffusive area such as abdominal cavity. Furthermore, both reporter genes have shown good stability and sensitivity for deep tissue imaging, i.e. tumor within the liver. In addition, fLuc has shown to be an excellent method for detecting tumor cells in the lung. Conclusions The combination of mKate2 and fLuc offers a superior choice for long-term non-invasive real-time investigation of tumor biological behavior in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedi Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yichen Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ivan Vuletic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yonglu Tian
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jun Li
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jinghao Liu
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yixing Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hongfang Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Changhui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qiushi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yanye Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China.
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27
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An Y, Wang K, Tian J. Recent methodology advances in fluorescence molecular tomography. Vis Comput Ind Biomed Art 2018; 1:1. [PMID: 32240398 PMCID: PMC7098398 DOI: 10.1186/s42492-018-0001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging (MI) is a novel imaging discipline that has been continuously developed in recent years. It combines biochemistry, multimodal imaging, biomathematics, bioinformatics, cell & molecular physiology, biophysics, and pharmacology, and it provides a new technology platform for the early diagnosis and quantitative analysis of diseases, treatment monitoring and evaluation, and the development of comprehensive physiology. Fluorescence Molecular Tomography (FMT) is a type of optical imaging modality in MI that captures the three-dimensional distribution of fluorescence within a biological tissue generated by a specific molecule of fluorescent material within a biological tissue. Compared with other optical molecular imaging methods, FMT has the characteristics of high sensitivity, low cost, and safety and reliability. It has become the research frontier and research hotspot of optical molecular imaging technology. This paper took an overview of the recent methodology advances in FMT, mainly focused on the photon propagation model of FMT based on the radiative transfer equation (RTE), and the reconstruction problem solution consist of forward problem and inverse problem. We introduce the detailed technologies utilized in reconstruction of FMT. Finally, the challenges in FMT were discussed. This survey aims at summarizing current research hotspots in methodology of FMT, from which future research may benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu An
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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28
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Volpe A, Kurtys E, Fruhwirth GO. Cousins at work: How combining medical with optical imaging enhances in vivo cell tracking. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 102:40-50. [PMID: 29960079 PMCID: PMC6593261 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microscopy and medical imaging are related in their exploitation of electromagnetic waves, but were developed to satisfy differing needs, namely to observe small objects or to look inside subjects/objects, respectively. Together, these techniques can help elucidate complex biological processes and better understand health and disease. A current major challenge is to delineate mechanisms governing cell migration and tissue invasion in organismal development, the immune system and in human diseases such as cancer where the spatiotemporal tracking of small cell numbers in live animal models is extremely challenging. Multi-modal multi-scale in vivo cell tracking integrates medical and optical imaging. Fuelled by basic research in cancer biology and cell-based therapeutics, it has been enabled by technological advances providing enhanced resolution, sensitivity and multiplexing capabilities. Here, we review which imaging modalities have been successfully used for in vivo cell tracking and how this challenging task has benefitted from combining macroscopic with microscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Volpe
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, SE1 7EH, London, UK
| | - Ewelina Kurtys
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, SE1 7EH, London, UK
| | - Gilbert O Fruhwirth
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, SE1 7EH, London, UK.
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29
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Shcherbakova DM, Stepanenko OV, Turoverov KK, Verkhusha VV. Near-Infrared Fluorescent Proteins: Multiplexing and Optogenetics across Scales. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:1230-1243. [PMID: 30041828 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Since mammalian tissue is relatively transparent to near-infrared (NIR) light, NIR fluorescent proteins (FPs) engineered from bacterial phytochromes have become widely used probes for non-invasive in vivo imaging. Recently, these genetically encoded NIR probes have been substantially improved, enabling imaging experiments that were not possible previously. Here, we discuss the use of monomeric NIR FPs and NIR biosensors for multiplexed imaging with common visible GFP-based probes and blue light-activatable optogenetic tools. These NIR probes are suitable for visualization of functional activities from molecular to organismal levels. In combination with advanced imaging techniques, such as two-photon microscopy with adaptive optics, photoacoustic tomography and its recent modification reversibly switchable photoacoustic computed tomography, NIR probes allow subcellular resolution at millimeter depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria M Shcherbakova
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Olesya V Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin K Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russian Federation; Department of Biophysics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation
| | - Vladislav V Verkhusha
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
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30
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An L, Cox BT. Estimating relative chromophore concentrations from multiwavelength photoacoustic images using independent component analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-10. [PMID: 29992796 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.7.076007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Independent component analysis (ICA) is an unmixing method based on a linear model. It has previously been applied in in vivo multiwavelength photoacoustic imaging studies to unmix the components representing individual chromophores by assuming that they are statistically independent. Numerically simulated and experimentally acquired two-dimensional images of tissue-mimicking phantoms are used to investigate the conditions required for ICA to give accurate estimates of the relative chromophore concentrations. A simple approximate fluence correction was applied to reduce but not completely remove the nonlinear fluence distortion, as might be possible in practice. The results show that ICA is robust against the residual effect of the partially corrected fluence distortion. ICA is shown to provide accurate unmixing of the chromophores when the absorption coefficient is within a certain range of values, where the upper absorption threshold is comparable to the absorption of blood. When the absorption is increased beyond these thresholds, ICA abruptly fails to unmix the chromophores accurately. The ICA approach was compared to a linear spectroscopic inversion (SI) with known absorption spectra. In cases where the mixing matrix with the specific absorption spectra is ill-conditioned, ICA is able to provide accurate unmixing when SI results in large errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu An
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T Cox
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
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31
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Comenge J, Sharkey J, Fragueiro O, Wilm B, Brust M, Murray P, Levy R, Plagge A. Multimodal cell tracking from systemic administration to tumour growth by combining gold nanorods and reporter genes. eLife 2018; 7:33140. [PMID: 29949503 PMCID: PMC6021173 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the fate of exogenous cells after implantation is important for clinical applications. Preclinical studies allow imaging of cell location and survival. Labelling with nanoparticles enables high sensitivity detection, but cell division and cell death cause signal dilution and false positives. By contrast, genetic reporter signals are amplified by cell division. Here, we characterise lentivirus-based bi-cistronic reporter gene vectors and silica-coated gold nanorods (GNRs) as synergistic tools for cell labelling and tracking. Co-expression of the bioluminescence reporter luciferase and the optoacoustic reporter near-infrared fluorescent protein iRFP720 enabled cell tracking over time in mice. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) showed immediate biodistribution of GNR-labelled cells after intracardiac injection and successive clearance of GNRs (day 1–15) with high resolution, while optoacoustic iRFP720 detection indicated tumour growth (day 10–40). This multimodal cell tracking approach could be applied widely for cancer and regenerative medicine research to monitor short- and long-term biodistribution, tumour formation and metastasis. Many scientists are studying the possibility of using human cells to treat diseases. For example, using stem cells to regenerate damaged body parts or genetically engineered immune cells to destroy cancer. Scientists need new tools to track what happens to these cells once they have been injected into a laboratory animal. This will help them understand how they work and make sure these potential treatments are safe. One concern with using cells as a treatment is that they might form cancerous tumors. To track these cells in a laboratory animal, scientists need two things: a way to distinguish the treatment cells from the animal’s normal cells and an imaging tool that allows them to see where the cells are in a living animal. One way to differentiate treatment cells from normal cells is to genetically engineer them to make a fluorescent protein called iRFP720. Another way is to fill the cells with gold nanorods. Both, the fluorescent protein and the gold nanorods, absorb light in the infrared range. Scientists can use a technique called multispectral optoacoustic tomography, which transforms infrared light into ultrasound signals to create an image, to see where these markers are in the body. Now, Comenge et al. showed that the gold nanorods and multispectral optoacoustic tomography track the cells immediately after injection into the blood stream of a mouse. Most of the injected cells die within a few days, and the nanorods are progressively eliminated from the body through the liver. But some of the injected cells live on, multiply, and form tumors within a month. This was expected because the cells they used were chosen for their ability to sometimes form tumors. Using multispectral optoacoustic tomography to track the cells making iRFP720, Comenge et al. were able to see exactly where the tumors are deep inside the body. Together, gold nanorods and iRFP720 could allow scientists to track where the cell-based therapies for cancer or other diseases go in the short and long term. This may help them prove whether these treatments work, and whether they have harmful effects. Comenge et al. are helping other scientists to use these techniques by distributing their tool for making iRFP720-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Comenge
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Sharkey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Oihane Fragueiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Brust
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Raphael Levy
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Antonius Plagge
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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32
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Chan XHD, Balasundaram G, Attia ABE, Goggi JL, Ramasamy B, Han W, Olivo M, Sugii S. Multimodal imaging approach to monitor browning of adipose tissue in vivo. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1071-1078. [PMID: 29654114 PMCID: PMC5983400 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d083410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery that white adipocytes can undergo a browning process to become metabolically active beige cells has attracted significant interest in the fight against obesity. However, the study of adipose browning has been impeded by a lack of imaging tools that allow longitudinal and noninvasive monitoring of this process in vivo. Here, we report a preclinical imaging approach to detect development of beige adipocytes during adrenergic stimulation. In this approach, we expressed near-infrared fluorescent protein, iRFP720, driven under an uncoupling protein-1 (Ucp1) promoter in mice by viral transduction, and used multispectral optoacoustic imaging technology with ultrasound tomography (MSOT-US) to assess adipose beiging during adrenergic stimulation. We observed increased photoacoustic signal at 720 nm, coupled with attenuated lipid signals in stimulated animals. As a proof of concept, we validated our approach against hybrid positron emission tomography combined with magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging modality, and quantified the extent of adipose browning by MRI-guided segmentation of 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-d-glucose uptake signals. The browning extent detected by MSOT-US and PET/MR are well correlated with Ucp1 induction. Taken together, these systems offer great opportunities for preclinical screening aimed at identifying compounds that promote adipose browning and translation of these discoveries into clinical studies of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hui Derryn Chan
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Bio-imaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Ghayathri Balasundaram
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bio-imaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Amalina Binte Ebrahim Attia
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bio-imaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Julian L Goggi
- Isotopic Molecular Imaging Group, Singapore Bio-imaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boominathan Ramasamy
- Isotopic Molecular Imaging Group, Singapore Bio-imaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Weiping Han
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bio-imaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bio-imaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Bio-imaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.
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33
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Pushing the Boundaries of Neuroimaging with Optoacoustics. Neuron 2017; 96:966-988. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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34
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Tzoumas S, Ntziachristos V. Spectral unmixing techniques for optoacoustic imaging of tissue pathophysiology. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2017; 375:rsta.2017.0262. [PMID: 29038385 PMCID: PMC5647272 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A key feature of optoacoustic imaging is the ability to illuminate tissue at multiple wavelengths and therefore record images with a spectral dimension. While optoacoustic images at single wavelengths reveal morphological features, in analogy to ultrasound imaging or X-ray imaging, spectral imaging concedes sensing of intrinsic chromophores and externally administered agents that can reveal physiological, cellular and subcellular functions. Nevertheless, identification of spectral moieties within images obtained at multiple wavelengths requires spectral unmixing techniques, which present a unique mathematical problem given the three-dimensional nature of the optoacoustic images. Herein we discuss progress with spectral unmixing techniques developed for multispectral optoacoustic tomography. We explain how different techniques are required for accurate sensing of intrinsic tissue chromophores such as oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin versus extrinsically administered photo-absorbing agents and nanoparticles. Finally, we review recent developments that allow accurate quantification of blood oxygen saturation (sO2) by transforming and solving the sO2 estimation problem from the spatial to the spectral domain.This article is part of the themed issue 'Challenges for chemistry in molecular imaging'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stratis Tzoumas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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35
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An L, Saratoon T, Fonseca M, Ellwood R, Cox B. Statistical independence in nonlinear model-based inversion for quantitative photoacoustic tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:5297-5310. [PMID: 29188121 PMCID: PMC5695971 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The statistical independence between the distributions of different chromophores in tissue has previously been used for linear unmixing with independent component analysis (ICA). In this study, we propose exploiting this statistical property in a nonlinear model-based inversion method. The aim is to reduce the sensitivity of the inversion scheme to errors in the modelling of the fluence, and hence provide more accurate quantification of the concentration of independent chromophores. A gradient-based optimisation algorithm is used to minimise the error functional, which includes a term representing the mutual information between the chromophores in addition to the standard least-squares data error. Both numerical simulations and an experimental phantom study are conducted to demonstrate that, in the presence of experimental errors in the fluence model, the proposed inversion method results in more accurate estimation of the concentrations of independent chromophores compared to the standard model-based inversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu An
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Teedah Saratoon
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Martina Fonseca
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Robert Ellwood
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Ben Cox
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT,
UK
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36
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Scarfe L, Brillant N, Kumar JD, Ali N, Alrumayh A, Amali M, Barbellion S, Jones V, Niemeijer M, Potdevin S, Roussignol G, Vaganov A, Barbaric I, Barrow M, Burton NC, Connell J, Dazzi F, Edsbagge J, French NS, Holder J, Hutchinson C, Jones DR, Kalber T, Lovatt C, Lythgoe MF, Patel S, Patrick PS, Piner J, Reinhardt J, Ricci E, Sidaway J, Stacey GN, Starkey Lewis PJ, Sullivan G, Taylor A, Wilm B, Poptani H, Murray P, Goldring CEP, Park BK. Preclinical imaging methods for assessing the safety and efficacy of regenerative medicine therapies. NPJ Regen Med 2017; 2:28. [PMID: 29302362 PMCID: PMC5677988 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-017-0029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine therapies hold enormous potential for a variety of currently incurable conditions with high unmet clinical need. Most progress in this field to date has been achieved with cell-based regenerative medicine therapies, with over a thousand clinical trials performed up to 2015. However, lack of adequate safety and efficacy data is currently limiting wider uptake of these therapies. To facilitate clinical translation, non-invasive in vivo imaging technologies that enable careful evaluation and characterisation of the administered cells and their effects on host tissues are critically required to evaluate their safety and efficacy in relevant preclinical models. This article reviews the most common imaging technologies available and how they can be applied to regenerative medicine research. We cover details of how each technology works, which cell labels are most appropriate for different applications, and the value of multi-modal imaging approaches to gain a comprehensive understanding of the responses to cell therapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Scarfe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nathalie Brillant
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Noura Ali
- College of Health Science, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Alrumayh
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mohammed Amali
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephane Barbellion
- Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Vendula Jones
- GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre for Research and Development, Ware, UK
| | - Marije Niemeijer
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sophie Potdevin
- SANOFI Research and Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France
| | - Gautier Roussignol
- SANOFI Research and Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France
| | - Anatoly Vaganov
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ivana Barbaric
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Michael Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - John Connell
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Dazzi
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Neil S French
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Julie Holder
- Roslin Cells, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire Hutchinson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David R Jones
- Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK
| | - Tammy Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cerys Lovatt
- GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre for Research and Development, Ware, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Patel
- ReNeuron Ltd, Pencoed Business Park, Pencoed, Bridgend, UK
| | - P Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline Piner
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - Emanuelle Ricci
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Glyn N Stacey
- UK Stem Cell Bank, Division of Advanced Therapies, National Institute for Biological Standards Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK
| | - Philip J Starkey Lewis
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gareth Sullivan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arthur Taylor
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Harish Poptani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chris E P Goldring
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B Kevin Park
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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37
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Brunker J, Yao J, Laufer J, Bohndiek SE. Photoacoustic imaging using genetically encoded reporters: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:2645343. [PMID: 28717818 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.7.070901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded contrast in photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is complementary to the intrinsic contrast provided by endogenous absorbing chromophores such as hemoglobin. The use of reporter genes expressing absorbing proteins opens the possibility of visualizing dynamic cellular and molecular processes. This is an enticing prospect but brings with it challenges and limitations associated with generating and detecting different types of reporters. The purpose of this review is to compare existing PAI reporters and signal detection strategies, thereby offering a practical guide, particularly for the nonbiologist, to choosing the most appropriate reporter for maximum sensitivity in the biological and technological system of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Brunker
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Junjie Yao
- Duke University, Photoacoustic Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jan Laufer
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Physik, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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38
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Richie CT, Whitaker LR, Whitaker KW, Necarsulmer J, Baldwin HA, Zhang Y, Fortuno L, Hinkle JJ, Koivula P, Henderson MJ, Sun W, Wang K, Smith JC, Pickel J, Ji N, Hope BT, Harvey BK. Near-infrared fluorescent protein iRFP713 as a reporter protein for optogenetic vectors, a transgenic Cre-reporter rat, and other neuronal studies. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 284:1-14. [PMID: 28380331 PMCID: PMC5501963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of genetically-encoded fluorescent reporters is essential for the identification and observation of cells that express transgenic modulatory proteins. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent proteins have superior light penetration through biological tissue, but are not yet widely adopted. NEW METHOD Using the near-infrared fluorescent protein, iRFP713, improves the imaging resolution in thick tissue sections or the intact brain due to the reduced light-scattering at the longer, NIR wavelengths used to image the protein. Additionally, iRFP713 can be used to identify transgenic cells without photobleaching other fluorescent reporters or affecting opsin function. We have generated a set of adeno-associated vectors in which iRFP713 has been fused to optogenetic channels, and can be expressed constitutively or Cre-dependently. RESULTS iRFP713 is detectable when expressed in neurons both in vitro and in vivo without exogenously supplied chromophore biliverdin. Neuronally-expressed iRFP713 has similar properties to GFP-like fluorescent proteins, including the ability to be translationally fused to channelrhodopsin or halorhodopsin, however, it shows superior photostability compared to EYFP. Furthermore, electrophysiological recordings from iRFP713-labeled cells compared to cells labeled with mCherry suggest that iRFP713 cells are healthier and therefore more stable and reliable in an ex vivo preparation. Lastly, we have generated a transgenic rat that expresses iRFP713 in a Cre-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we have demonstrated that iRFP713 can be used as a reporter in neurons without the use of exogenous biliverdin, with minimal impact on viability and function thereby making it feasible to extend the capabilities for imaging genetically-tagged neurons in slices and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Richie
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Leslie R Whitaker
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Keith W Whitaker
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States; US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, United States
| | - Julie Necarsulmer
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Heather A Baldwin
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States; Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD 20852, United States
| | - Lowella Fortuno
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Josh J Hinkle
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Pyry Koivula
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Mark J Henderson
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Wenzhi Sun
- Janelia Research Campus,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, United States
| | - Kai Wang
- Janelia Research Campus,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Smith
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Jim Pickel
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Na Ji
- Janelia Research Campus,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, United States
| | - Bruce T Hope
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Brandon K Harvey
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
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Deán-Ben XL, Gottschalk S, Mc Larney B, Shoham S, Razansky D. Advanced optoacoustic methods for multiscale imaging of in vivo dynamics. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2158-2198. [PMID: 28276544 PMCID: PMC5460636 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00765a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of dynamic functional and molecular events in an unperturbed in vivo environment is essential for understanding the complex biology of living organisms and of disease state and progression. To this end, optoacoustic (photoacoustic) sensing and imaging have demonstrated the exclusive capacity to maintain excellent optical contrast and high resolution in deep-tissue observations, far beyond the penetration limits of modern microscopy. Yet, the time domain is paramount for the observation and study of complex biological interactions that may be invisible in single snapshots of living systems. This review focuses on the recent advances in optoacoustic imaging assisted by smart molecular labeling and dynamic contrast enhancement approaches that enable new types of multiscale dynamic observations not attainable with other bio-imaging modalities. A wealth of investigated new research topics and clinical applications is further discussed, including imaging of large-scale brain activity patterns, volumetric visualization of moving organs and contrast agent kinetics, molecular imaging using targeted and genetically expressed labels, as well as three-dimensional handheld diagnostics of human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Deán-Ben
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - S Gottschalk
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - B Mc Larney
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. and Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - S Shoham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - D Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. and Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Chernov KG, Redchuk TA, Omelina ES, Verkhusha VV. Near-Infrared Fluorescent Proteins, Biosensors, and Optogenetic Tools Engineered from Phytochromes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:6423-6446. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin G. Chernov
- Department
of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Taras A. Redchuk
- Department
of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Evgeniya S. Omelina
- Department
of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Vladislav V. Verkhusha
- Department
of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
- Department
of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
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41
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Dual bioluminescence and near-infrared fluorescence monitoring to evaluate spherical nucleic acid nanoconjugate activity in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:4129-4134. [PMID: 28373576 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702736114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene regulation platforms have shown promise as a novel class of therapeutics for the precision treatment of cancer. Techniques in preclinical evaluation of RNAi-based nanoconjugates have yet to allow for optimization of their gene regulatory activity. We have developed spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) as a blood-brain barrier-/blood-tumor barrier-penetrating nanoconjugate to deliver small interfering (si) and micro (mi)RNAs to intracranial glioblastoma (GBM) tumor sites. To identify high-activity SNA conjugates and to determine optimal SNA treatment regimens, we developed a reporter xenograft model to evaluate SNA efficacy in vivo. Engrafted tumors stably coexpress optical reporters for luciferase and a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent protein (iRFP670), with the latter fused to the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT). Using noninvasive imaging of animal subjects bearing reporter-modified intracranial xenografts, we quantitatively assessed MGMT knockdown by SNAs composed of MGMT-targeting siRNA duplexes (siMGMT-SNAs). We show that systemic administration of siMGMT-SNAs via single tail vein injection is capable of robust intratumoral MGMT protein knockdown in vivo, with persistent and SNA dose-dependent MGMT silencing confirmed by Western blotting of tumor tissue ex vivo. Analyses of SNA biodistribution and pharmacokinetics revealed rapid intratumoral uptake and significant intratumoral retention that increased the antitumor activity of coadministered temozolomide (TMZ). Our study demonstrates that dual noninvasive bioluminescence and NIR fluorescence imaging of cancer xenograft models represents a powerful in vivo strategy to identify RNAi-based nanotherapeutics with potent gene silencing activity and will inform additional preclinical and clinical investigations of these constructs.
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42
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Deán-Ben XL, Fehm TF, Ford SJ, Gottschalk S, Razansky D. Spiral volumetric optoacoustic tomography visualizes multi-scale dynamics in mice. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e16247. [PMID: 30167242 PMCID: PMC6062167 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Imaging dynamics at different temporal and spatial scales is essential for understanding the biological complexity of living organisms, disease state and progression. Optoacoustic imaging has been shown to offer exclusive applicability across multiple scales with excellent optical contrast and high resolution in deep-tissue observations. Yet, efficient visualization of multi-scale dynamics remained difficult with state-of-the-art systems due to inefficient trade-offs between image acquisition time and effective field of view. Herein, we introduce the spiral volumetric optoacoustic tomography technique that provides spectrally enriched high-resolution contrast across multiple spatiotemporal scales. In vivo experiments in mice demonstrate a wide range of dynamic imaging capabilities, from three-dimensional high-frame-rate visualization of moving organs and contrast agent kinetics in selected areas to whole-body longitudinal studies with unprecedented image quality. The newly introduced paradigm shift in imaging of multi-scale dynamics adds to the multifarious advantages provided by the optoacoustic technology for structural, functional and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Luís Deán-Ben
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas F Fehm
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine and School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Steven J Ford
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sven Gottschalk
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine and School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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43
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Gottschalk S, Fehm TF, Deán-Ben XL, Tsytsarev V, Razansky D. Correlation between volumetric oxygenation responses and electrophysiology identifies deep thalamocortical activity during epileptic seizures. NEUROPHOTONICS 2017; 4:011007. [PMID: 27725948 PMCID: PMC5050254 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.1.011007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of whole brain activity during epileptic seizures is essential for both fundamental research into the disease mechanisms and the development of efficient treatment strategies. It has been previously discussed that pathological synchronization originating from cortical areas may reinforce backpropagating signaling from the thalamic neurons, leading to massive seizures through enhancement of high frequency neural activity in the thalamocortical loop. However, the study of deep brain neural activity is challenging with the existing functional neuroimaging methods due to lack of adequate spatiotemporal resolution or otherwise insufficient penetration into subcortical areas. To investigate the role of thalamocortical activity during epileptic seizures, we developed a new functional neuroimaging framework based on spatiotemporal correlation of volumetric optoacoustic hemodynamic responses with the concurrent electroencephalogram recordings and anatomical brain landmarks. The method is shown to be capable of accurate three-dimensional mapping of the onset, spread, and termination of the epileptiform events in a 4-aminopyridine acute model of focal epilepsy. Our study is the first to demonstrate entirely noninvasive real-time visualization of synchronized epileptic foci in the whole mouse brain, including the neocortex and subcortical structures, thus opening new vistas in systematic studies toward the understanding of brain signaling and the origins of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Gottschalk
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Felix Fehm
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Xose Luís Deán-Ben
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, 20 Penn Street, HSF II, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Address all correspondence to: Daniel Razansky, E-mail:
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44
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Deán-Ben XL, Sela G, Lauri A, Kneipp M, Ntziachristos V, Westmeyer GG, Shoham S, Razansky D. Functional optoacoustic neuro-tomography for scalable whole-brain monitoring of calcium indicators. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2016; 5:e16201. [PMID: 30167137 PMCID: PMC6059886 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive observation of spatiotemporal activity of large neural populations distributed over entire brains is a longstanding goal of neuroscience. We developed a volumetric multispectral optoacoustic tomography platform for imaging neural activation deep in scattering brains. It can record 100 volumetric frames per second across scalable fields of view ranging between 50 and 1000 mm3 with respective spatial resolution of 35-200 μm. Experiments performed in immobilized and freely swimming larvae and in adult zebrafish brains expressing the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP5G demonstrate, for the first time, the fundamental ability to directly track neural dynamics using optoacoustics while overcoming the longstanding penetration barrier of optical imaging in scattering brains. The newly developed platform thus offers unprecedented capabilities for functional whole-brain observations of fast calcium dynamics; in combination with optoacoustics' well-established capacity for resolving vascular hemodynamics, it could open new vistas in the study of neural activity and neurovascular coupling in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Luís Deán-Ben
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gali Sela
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Antonella Lauri
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Kneipp
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gil G Westmeyer
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Shy Shoham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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45
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Tzoumas S, Kravtsiv A, Gao Y, Buehler A, Ntziachristos V. Statistical Molecular Target Detection Framework for Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2016; 35:2534-2545. [PMID: 27337713 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2016.2583791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Statistical sub-pixel detection via the adaptive matched filter (AMF) has been shown to improve the molecular imaging sensitivity and specificity of optoacoustic (photoacoustic) imaging. Applied to multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT), AMF assumes that the spatially-varying tissue spectra follow a multivariate Gaussian distribution, that the spectrum of the target molecule is precisely known and that the molecular target lies in "low probability" within the data. However, when these assumptions are violated, AMF may result in considerable performance degradation. The objective of this work is to develop a robust statistical detection framework that is appropriately suited to the characteristics of MSOT molecular imaging. Using experimental imaging data, we perform a statistical characterization of MSOT tissue images and conclude to a detector that is based on the t-distribution. More importantly, we introduce a method for estimating the covariance matrix of the background-tissue statistical distribution, which enables robust detection performance independently of the molecular target size or intensity. The performance of the statistical detection framework is assessed through simulations and experimental in vivo measurements and compared to previously used methods.
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46
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Chen J, Liang H, Lin L, Guo Z, Sun P, Chen M, Tian H, Deng M, Chen X. Gold-Nanorods-Based Gene Carriers with the Capability of Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31558-31566. [PMID: 27775317 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanoparticles with high gene transfection activity, low cytotoxicity, photoacoustic imaging ability, and photothermal therapeutic properties were prepared by conjugating low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine onto the surfaces of gold nanorods through the formation of stable S-Au bonded conjugates. Results revealed that the gene transfection efficiency of the prepared polyethylenimine-modified gold nanorods (GNRs-PEI1.8k) was higher and their cytotoxicity was less than those of the commercial reagent PEI25k. GNRs-PEI1.8k could also be potentially used as a photoacoustic and photothermal reagent to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and antitumor effects of gene/drug nanoparticles. Therefore, GNRs-PEI1.8k can be considered a promising candidate for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhaopei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao 999078, China
| | - Pingjie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao 999078, China
| | - Huayu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, China
| | - Mingxiao Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, China
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Liu C, Gong X, Lin R, Liu F, Chen J, Wang Z, Song L, Chu J. Advances in Imaging Techniques and Genetically Encoded Probes for Photoacoustic Imaging. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:2414-2430. [PMID: 27877244 PMCID: PMC5118604 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a rapidly emerging biomedical imaging modality that is capable of visualizing cellular and molecular functions with high detection sensitivity and spatial resolution in deep tissue. Great efforts and progress have been made on the development of various PA imaging technologies with improved resolution and sensitivity over the past two decades. Various PA probes with high contrast have also been extensively developed, with many important biomedical applications. In comparison with chemical dyes and nanoparticles, genetically encoded probes offer easier labeling of defined cells within tissues or proteins of interest within a cell, have higher stability in vivo, and eliminate the need for delivery of exogenous substances. Genetically encoded probes have thus attracted increasing attention from researchers in engineering and biomedicine. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the existing PA imaging technologies and genetically encoded PA probes, and describe further improvements in PA imaging techniques and the near-infrared photochromic protein BphP1, the most sensitive genetically encoded probe thus far, as well as the potential biomedical applications of BphP1-based PA imaging in vivo.
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48
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Wang LV, Yao J. A practical guide to photoacoustic tomography in the life sciences. Nat Methods 2016; 13:627-38. [PMID: 27467726 PMCID: PMC4980387 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 668] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The life sciences can benefit greatly from imaging technologies that connect microscopic discoveries with macroscopic observations. One technology uniquely positioned to provide such benefits is photoacoustic tomography (PAT), a sensitive modality for imaging optical absorption contrast over a range of spatial scales at high speed. In PAT, endogenous contrast reveals a tissue's anatomical, functional, metabolic, and histologic properties, and exogenous contrast provides molecular and cellular specificity. The spatial scale of PAT covers organelles, cells, tissues, organs, and small animals. Consequently, PAT is complementary to other imaging modalities in contrast mechanism, penetration, spatial resolution, and temporal resolution. We review the fundamentals of PAT and provide practical guidelines for matching PAT systems with research needs. We also summarize the most promising biomedical applications of PAT, discuss related challenges, and envision PAT's potential to lead to further breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong V. Wang
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Junjie Yao
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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49
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Sharkey J, Scarfe L, Santeramo I, Garcia-Finana M, Park BK, Poptani H, Wilm B, Taylor A, Murray P. Imaging technologies for monitoring the safety, efficacy and mechanisms of action of cell-based regenerative medicine therapies in models of kidney disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 790:74-82. [PMID: 27375077 PMCID: PMC5063540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of end stage kidney disease is rising annually and it is now a global public health problem. Current treatment options are dialysis or renal transplantation, which apart from their significant drawbacks in terms of increased morbidity and mortality, are placing an increasing economic burden on society. Cell-based Regenerative Medicine Therapies (RMTs) have shown great promise in rodent models of kidney disease, but clinical translation is hampered due to the lack of adequate safety and efficacy data. Furthermore, the mechanisms whereby the cell-based RMTs ameliorate injury are ill-defined. For instance, it is not always clear if the cells directly replace damaged renal tissue, or whether paracrine effects are more important. Knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of cell therapies is crucial because it could lead to the development of safer and more effective RMTs in the future. To address these questions, novel in vivo imaging strategies are needed to monitor the biodistribution of cell-based RMTs and evaluate their beneficial effects on host tissues and organs, as well as any potential adverse effects. In this review we will discuss how state-of-the-art imaging modalities, including bioluminescence, magnetic resonance, nuclear imaging, ultrasound and an emerging imaging technology called multispectral optoacoustic tomography, can be used in combination with various imaging probes to track the fate and biodistribution of cell-based RMTs in rodent models of kidney disease, and evaluate their effect on renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Sharkey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK; Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Lauren Scarfe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK; Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Ilaria Santeramo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Marta Garcia-Finana
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Brian K Park
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Harish Poptani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK; Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK; Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Arthur Taylor
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK; Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK; Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.
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50
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Chehade M, Srivastava AK, Bulte JWM. Co-Registration of Bioluminescence Tomography, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Multimodal In Vivo Stem Cell Tracking. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:159-165. [PMID: 27478872 PMCID: PMC4966683 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2016.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We present a practical approach for coregistration of bioluminescence tomography (BLT), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) images. For this, we developed a customized animal shuttle composed of nonfluorescent, MR-compatible Delrin plastic that fits a commercially available MR surface coil. Mouse embryonic stem cells were transfected with the luciferase gene and labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Cells were stereotaxically implanted in the mouse brain and imaged weekly for 4 weeks with bioluminescent imaging (IVIS Spectrum CT scanner) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 11.7 T horizontal bore scanner). Without the use of software coregistration, in vitro phantom studies yielded root-mean-square errors of 7.6 × 10−3, 0.93 mm, and 0.78 mm along the medial–lateral (ML), dorsal–ventral (DV), and anterior–posterior (AP) axes, respectively. Rotation errors were negligible. Software coregistration by translation along the DV and AP axes resulted in consistent agreement between the CT and MR images, without the need for rotation or warping. In vivo coregistered BLT/MRI mouse brain data sets showed a single diffuse region of bioluminescent imaging photon signal and MRI hypointensity. Over time, the transplanted cells formed tumors as histopathologically validated. Disagreement between BLT and MRI tumor location was greatest along the DV axis (1.4 ± 0.2 mm) than along the ML (0.5 ± 0.3 mm) and the AP axes (0.6 mm) because of the uncertainty of the depth of origin of the BLT signal. Combining the high spatial anatomical information of MRI with the cell viability/proliferation data from BLT should facilitate preclinical evaluation of novel therapeutic candidate stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Chehade
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Amit K Srivastava
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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