1
|
Thakuri A, Bhosle AA, Hiremath SD, Banerjee M, Chatterjee A. A carbon dots-MnO 2 nanosheet-based turn-on pseudochemodosimeter as low-cost probe for selective detection of hazardous mercury ion contaminations in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133998. [PMID: 38493622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mercury is a highly hazardous element due to its profound toxicity and wide abundance in the environment. Despite the availability of various fluorimetric detection tools for Hg2+, including organic fluorophores and aptasensors, they often suffer from shortcomings like the utilization of expensive chemicals and toxic organic solvents, multi-step synthesis, sometimes with poor selectivity and low sensitivity. Whereas, biomass-derived fluorophores, such as carbon dots (CDs), present themselves as cost-effective and environmentally benign alternatives that exhibit comparable efficacy. Herein, we report a reaction-driven sensing assembly based on CDs, MnO2 nanosheets, and hydroquinone monothiocarbonate (HQTC) for the detection of Hg2+ ions, which relies on the formation of a CDs-MnO2 FRET-conjugate, resulting in the quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence of CDs. In a pseudochemodosimetric approach, the thiophilic nature of mercury was utilized for in-situ generation of the reducing species, hydroquinone from HQTC, resulting in the reduction of MnO2 nanosheets, the release of fluorescent CDs back to the solution. The low limit of detection (LOD) was achieved as 2 ppb (0.01 μM). The probe worked efficiently in real water samples like sea, river with good recovery of spiked Hg2+ and in some Indian ayurvedic medicines as well. Furthermore, solid-phase detection with sodium alginate beads demonstrated the ability of this cost-effective sensing assembly for onsite detection of Hg2+ ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Thakuri
- Department of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Sancoale, Goa 403726, India
| | - Akhil A Bhosle
- Department of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Sancoale, Goa 403726, India
| | - Sharanabasava D Hiremath
- Department of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Sancoale, Goa 403726, India
| | - Mainak Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Sancoale, Goa 403726, India.
| | - Amrita Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Sancoale, Goa 403726, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Deng M, Xiao Z, Li D, Zhu Q, Chen Q, Wu S. Simultaneous removal of NO, SO 2 and Hg 0 with the WDRMRS. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:659-669. [PMID: 34657577 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1980831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Micro-nanobubbles can spontaneously generate hydroxyl free radicals (OH). Urea is a cheap reductant and can react with NOx species, and their products are nontoxic and harmless N2, CO2 and H2O. In this study, a Wet Direct Recycling Micro-nanobubble Flue Gas Multi-pollutants Removal System (WDRMRS) was developed for the simultaneous removal of NO, SO2 and Hg0. In this system, a micro-nanobubble generator (MNBG) was used to produce a micro-nanobubble gas-liquid dispersion system (MNBGLS) through recycling the urea solution from the reactor and the simulated flue gas composed of N2, NO, SO2 and Hg0. The MNBGLS, which has a large gas-liquid dispersion interface, was recycled continuously from the MNBG to the reactor, thus achieving cyclic absorption of various pollutants. All of the investigated parameters, including the initial pH and temperature of the absorbent as well as the concentrations of urea, NO and SO2 had significant effects on the NO removal efficiency but did not significantly affect the SO2 removal efficiency, whereas only the initial solution pH and NO concentration affected the Hg0 removal efficiency. The analysis results of the reaction mechanism showed that ·OH played a critical role in the removal of various pollutants. After the treatment by this system, the main removal products were Hg0 sediment, SO42- and NH4+ which could be easily recycled. The use of this system (MNBGLS) for the simultaneous removal of NO, SO2 and Hg0 is a new technology application and research. Recycling process based on MNBGLS succeeded in simultaneously removing NO, SO2 and Hg0. The system (MNBGLS) can provide a reference for commercial applications. The removal products are relatively simple and beneficial to recycling, which can reduce the cost of waste gas treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengguo Xiao
- Shanghai Textile Research Institute Co. Ltd, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengxin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoling Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Sicheng Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Joy A, Qureshi A. Reducing mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants in India: Possibilities and challenges. AMBIO 2023; 52:242-252. [PMID: 35997988 PMCID: PMC9666568 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coal combustion is the largest source of power in India at the moment. This combustion also emits trace amounts of hazardous substances such as mercury. Mercury is a global pollutant with the potential for long-range transport and ability to persist in the environment, bioaccumulate and cause toxicity. Controlling emissions of mercury from coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) is recognized by the Minamata Convention on Mercury as an important step in curbing the harmful effects of mercury to the environment and humans. India has been identified as one of the top emitters of mercury to the atmosphere, and coal combustion contributes to more than half of these emissions. Here, we discuss the current state of regulations on mercury emissions from CFPPs in India, the current information on mercury from CFPP stacks, and the possible way forward. Present data suggest that mercury specific emission control technologies are not required to comply with the regulatory requirements. As such, any reduction in mercury emissions will rely on co-benefits obtained from technologies to control emissions of other pollutants such as flue gas desulphurization, or methods to increase the efficiencies of CFPP such as coal washing. Additional reductions may be made from a business-as-usual scenario if the energy mix of India changes to renewable non-fossil fuel-based energy at an accelerated pace. Quantitative studies assessing the role of such climate change policies on mercury emissions reduction are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alphin Joy
- Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Kandi, TS, 502285, India
| | - Asif Qureshi
- Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Kandi, TS, 502285, India.
- Department of Climate Change, IIT Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Kandi, TS, 502285, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Asif Z, Chen Z, Wang H, Zhu Y. Update on air pollution control strategies for coal-fired power plants. CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 2022; 24:2329-2347. [PMID: 35572480 PMCID: PMC9075710 DOI: 10.1007/s10098-022-02328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Coal is expected to remain a significant power supply source worldwide and shifting to carbon-neutral fuels will be challenging because of growing electricity demand and booming industrialization. At the same time, coal consumption results in severe air pollution and health concerns. Improvement in emission control technologies is a key to improving air quality in coal power plants. Many scientists reported removing air pollutants individually via conventional control methods. However, controlling multiple pollutants combinedly using the latest techniques is rarely examined. Therefore, this paper overviews the current and advanced physical technologies to control multi-air pollutants synergistically, including carbon control technologies. Also, the paper aims to examine how potential air pollutants (e.g., PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO2), including mercury from the coal-fired power plants, cause environmental impacts. The data synthesis shows that coal quality is the most significant factor for increasing air emissions, regardless of power plant capacity. It is found that selecting techniques is critical for new and retrofitted plants depending on the aging of a power plant and other socio-economic factors. Considering the future perspective, this paper discusses possible pathways to transform from linear to a circular economy in a coal power plant sector, such as utilizing energy losses through energy-efficient processes and reuse of syngas. The article provides an in-depth analysis of advanced cost-effective techniques that would help to control the air pollution level. Additionally, a life cycle assessment-based decision-making framework is proposed that would assist the stakeholders in achieving net-zero emissions and offset the financial burden for air pollution control in coal-fired power plants. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10098-022-02328-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zunaira Asif
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8 Canada
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8 Canada
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
| | - Yinyin Zhu
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schmidt S. Navigating a Two-Way Street: Metal Toxicity and the Human Gut Microbiome. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:32001. [PMID: 35302387 PMCID: PMC8932408 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
|
6
|
Tavakkoli S, Feng L, Miller SM, Jordaan SM. Implications of Generation Efficiencies and Supply Chain Leaks for the Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Natural Gas-Fired Electricity in the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2540-2550. [PMID: 35107984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Uncertainties in supply chain emissions raise questions about the benefits of natural gas as a bridge fuel, but recent efficiency improvements in gas-fired electricity generation remain overlooked. Our comprehensive analysis of supply chain infrastructure and electricity generation across the United States informs spatially and temporally resolved estimates of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions. Results show decreasing life cycle emissions over each year examined: 629, 574, and 525 kg CO2 eq MWh-1 in 2005, 2010, and 2015, respectively. Electricity generation contributed 86% of emissions or greater for each year. Despite concerns over uncertain methane leaks, efficiency improvements make it much more likely that natural gas electricity has an unambiguous greenhouse gas benefit relative to coal. Methane leaks would have to be 4.4 times the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) value in 2015 to reverse these benefits over 20-year time horizons. With retiring coal plants and scrutinized supply chain emissions, our results show that natural gas can provide a lower emissions option to coal in an increasingly decarbonized power sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Tavakkoli
- School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, 1619 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20036, United States
| | - Leyang Feng
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Scot M Miller
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sarah M Jordaan
- School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, 1619 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20036, United States
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Supported catalysts for simultaneous removal of SO2, NOx, and Hg0 from industrial exhaust gases: A review. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
8
|
Evers DC, Sauer AK, Burns DA, Fisher NS, Bertok DC, Adams EM, Burton MEH, Driscoll CT. A synthesis of patterns of environmental mercury inputs, exposure and effects in New York State. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1565-1589. [PMID: 33170395 PMCID: PMC7661403 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) pollution is an environmental problem that adversely affects human and ecosystem health at local, regional, and global scales-including within New York State. More than two-thirds of the Hg currently released to the environment originates, either directly or indirectly, from human activities. Since the early 1800s, global atmospheric Hg concentrations have increased by three- to eight-fold over natural levels. In the U.S., atmospheric emissions and point-source releases to waterways increased following industrialization into the mid-1980s. Since then, water discharges have largely been curtailed. As a result, Hg emissions, atmospheric concentrations, and deposition over the past few decades have declined across the eastern U.S. Despite these decreases, Hg pollution persists. To inform policy efforts and to advance public understanding, the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) sponsored a scientific synthesis of information on Hg in New York State. This effort includes 23 papers focused on Hg in atmospheric deposition, water, fish, and wildlife published in Ecotoxicology. New York State experiences Hg contamination largely due to atmospheric deposition. Some landscapes are inherently sensitive to Hg inputs driven by the transport of inorganic Hg to zones of methylation, the conversion of inorganic Hg to methylmercury, and the bioaccumulation and biomagnification along food webs. Mercury concentrations exceed human and ecological risk thresholds in many areas of New York State, particularly the Adirondacks, Catskills, and parts of Long Island. Mercury concentrations in some biota have declined in the Eastern Great Lakes Lowlands and the Northeastern Highlands over the last four decades, concurrent with decreases in water releases and air emissions from regional and U.S. sources. However, widespread changes have not occurred in other ecoregions of New York State. While the timing and magnitude of the response of Hg levels in biota varies, policies expected to further diminish Hg emissions should continue to decrease Hg concentrations in food webs, yielding benefits to the fish, wildlife, and people of New York State. Anticipated improvements in the Hg status of aquatic ecosystems are likely to be greatest for inland surface waters and should be roughly proportional to declines in atmospheric Hg deposition. Efforts that advance recovery from Hg pollution in recent years have yielded significant progress, but Hg remains a pollutant of concern. Indeed, due to this extensive compilation of Hg observations in biota, it appears that the extent and intensity of the contamination on the New York landscape and waterscape is greater than previously recognized. Understanding the extent of Hg contamination and recovery following decreases in atmospheric Hg deposition will require further study, underscoring the need to continue existing monitoring efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D C Evers
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA.
| | - A K Sauer
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - D A Burns
- U.S. Geological Survey, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - N S Fisher
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - D C Bertok
- New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
| | - E M Adams
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - M E H Burton
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xin F, Ma S, Yang J, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Zheng C. Photocatalytic removal of elemental mercury via Ce-doped TiO 2 catalyst coupling with a novel optical fiber monolith reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:21281-21291. [PMID: 32270458 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08477-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of mercury emission from coal combustion is a serious task for public health and environmental societies. Herein, Ce-doped TiO2 (Ce/TiO2) catalyst coupling with a novel optical fiber monolith reactor was applied to efficiently remove elemental mercury (Hg0) from coal-fired flue gas. Under the optimal operation condition (i.e., 1.5 mW/cm2 UV light, 90 °C), above 95% of Hg0 removal efficiency was attained over the optical fiber monolith reactor coating with 3.40 g/m2 Ce/TiO2 catalyst. The effects of flue gas compositions on Hg0 removal performance were clarified systematically. Gaseous O2 replenished the surface oxygen, hence maintaining the production of free radicals and promoting the removal of Hg0. SO2, HCl, and NO inhibited Hg0 removal in the absence of O2 due to the competitive adsorption and consumption of free radicals. However, SO2 and HCl significantly enhanced Hg0 removal with the participation of O2, while NO exhibited obviously inhibitory effect even with the assistance of O2. H2O also decreased the Hg0 oxidation capacity owing to the competitive adsorption and reduction of HgO. The optical fiber monolith reactor exhibited much superior Hg0 removal capacity than the powder reactor. Utilization of Ce/TiO2 catalyst coupling with an optical fiber monolith reactor provides a cost-effective method for removing Hg0 from coal-fired flue gas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xin
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410076, China
| | - Siming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yongchun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Junying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chuguang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gredilla A, Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo S, Rodriguez-Iruretagoiena A, Gomez L, Oliveira MLS, Arana G, de Diego A, Madariaga JM, Silva LFO. Evidence of mercury sequestration by carbon nanotubes and nanominerals present in agricultural soils from a coal fired power plant exhaust. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 378:120747. [PMID: 31212088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) in agricultural soils could have negative effects on the environment and the human health. The exposure to high level of Hg through different absorption pathways, such as ingestion and diet through soil-plant system could permanently damage developing foetus of animals and humans. With the aim to assess the potential environmental and health risk and to study the behaviour and fate of Hg from agricultural soils to the environment, 47 soil samples were collected around a thermoelectric power plant in the Santa Catarina (Brazil). The Hg concentration measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) ranged from 0.16 to 0.56 mg kg-1. The distribution obtained by kriging interpolation allowed the identification of the main pollution sources. To see the morphology and composition of soil samples, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) were used combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), showing that the carbon nanotubes and magnetite as nanomineral contributed to Hg retention. The mentioned molecular characterization, and the low Contamination Factors (CF) values obtained, suggested that there is low risk to the food security of the agro-ecosystems area near to the CFPP in the terms of Hg inputs and contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Gredilla
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.C. 2018, San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Silvia Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Azibar Rodriguez-Iruretagoiena
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Leandro Gomez
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58 #55-66, 080002, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia; Faculdade Meridional IMED, Senador Pinheiro 304, 99070-220, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos L S Oliveira
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58 #55-66, 080002, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia; Faculdade Meridional IMED, Senador Pinheiro 304, 99070-220, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Gorka Arana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Alberto de Diego
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Madariaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58 #55-66, 080002, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia; Faculdade Meridional IMED, Senador Pinheiro 304, 99070-220, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Melero D, Lobato B, López-Antón MA, Martínez-Tarazona MR. Identification of mercury species in minerals with different matrices and impurities by thermal desorption technique. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:10867-10874. [PMID: 30778944 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Because of its low concentration, its unique physico-chemical properties and the analytical difficulties associated with its measurement, the determination of mercury species in solids is not an easy task. Thermal desorption (HgTPD) is an attractive option for the identification of mercury species in solids due to its simplicity and accessibility. However, there are still issues that need to be solved for it to reach its full potential. One such issue is the availability of reference materials that will reproduce real mercury associations. The novelty of this study is the use of six uncommon mercury minerals, taken from around the world, and a sphalerite sample to expand the data base of reference materials for mercury speciation by thermal desorption at programmed temperature. In addition, by using such materials, a number of matrix effects can be ascertained. Different mercury associations were identified depending on the temperature of desorption, thereby validating the thermal desorption as a reliable technique for mercury speciation in solid samples and as a consequence improving the knowledge of the geochemistry of mercury in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Melero
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón (CSIC), Francisco Pintado Fe, 26, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Belén Lobato
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón (CSIC), Francisco Pintado Fe, 26, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dziok T, Strugała A, Włodek A. Studies on mercury occurrence in inorganic constituents of Polish coking coals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:8371-8382. [PMID: 29532383 PMCID: PMC6469601 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During the cokemaking process, a significant amount of mercury occurring in a coal blend is released to the atmosphere. One of the ways of reducing this emission is to reduce mercury content in a coal blend. This could be obtained through the coal washing process. The optimization of this process requires the knowledge of mercury occurrence in coal, especially in its inorganic constituents. A qualitative analysis of mercury occurrence in the inorganic constituents of Polish coking coals was performed using an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). For that purpose, selected samples of rejects and middling products derived from the washing process in dense media separators and jig concentrators were examined. The obtained results have confirmed a strong connection between mercury occurrence and the presence of sulfides (pyrite, marcasite, and chalcopyrite) in Polish coking coals. Significant amounts of mercury were also noticed for barite, siderite, and aluminosilicates. The highest value of mercury content, at the level of 0.100%, was obtained for marcasite. For the analyzed coals, the effectiveness of mercury removal in the washing process was determined by the forms of pyrite occurring in coal. The highest values of effectiveness of mercury removal were obtained in the case of coals for which the large framboidal pyrite aggregates with chalcopyrite overgrowths were noticed. It was also found that middling products were characterized by the occurrence of the Hg-rich overgrowths of pyrite on organic matter. To achieve a significant reduction in mercury content in clean coal, it is necessary to develop an effective method of removing this form of pyrite from hard coal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Dziok
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Strugała
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Włodek
- Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lu P, Yue H, Xing Y, Wei J, Zeng Z, Li R, Wu W. Low-temperature co-purification of NO x and Hg 0 from simulated flue gas by Ce xZr yMn zO 2/r-Al 2O 3: the performance and its mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:20575-20590. [PMID: 29748813 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, series of CexZryMnzO2/r-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and explored to co-purification of NOx and Hg0 at low temperature. The physical and chemical properties of the catalysts were investigated by XRD, BET, FTIR, NH3-TPD, H2-TPR, and XPS. The experimental results showed that 10% Ce0.2Zr0.3Mn0.5O2/r-Al2O3 yielded higher conversion on co-purification of NOx and Hg0 than the other prepared catalysts at low temperature, especially at 200-300 °C. 91% and 97% convert rate of NOx and Hg0 were obtained, respectively, when 10% Ce0.2Zr0.3Mn0.5O2/r-Al2O3 catalyst was used at 250 °C. Moreover, the presence of H2O slightly decreased the removal of NOx and Hg0 owing to the competitive adsorption of H2O and Hg0. When SO2 was added, the removal of Hg0 first increased slightly and then presented a decrease due to the generation of SO3 and (NH4)2SO4. The results of NH3-TPD indicated that the strong acid of 10% Ce0.2Zr0.3Mn0.5O2/r-Al2O3 improved its high-temperature activity. XPS and H2-TPR results showed there were high-valence Mn and Ce species in 10% Ce0.2Zr0.3Mn0.5O2/r-Al2O3, which could effectively promote the removal of NOx and Hg0. Therefore, the mechanisms of Hg0 and NOx removal were proposed as Hg (ad) + [O] → HgO (ad), and 2NH3/NH4+ (ad) + NO2 (ad) + NO (g) → 2 N2 + 3H2O/2H+, respectively. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huifang Yue
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi Xing
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jianjun Wei
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, 27401, USA.
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, 27401, USA
| | - Rui Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wanrong Wu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Removal of NO with the hexamminecobalt(II) solution catalyzed by the activated carbon treated with acetic acid. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
15
|
Xing Y, Li L, Lu P, Cui J, Li Q, Yan B, Jiang B, Wang M. Simultaneous purifying of Hg 0, SO 2, and NOx from flue gas by Fe 3+/H 2O 2: the performance and purifying mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:6456-6465. [PMID: 29249033 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hg0, SO2, and NOx result in heavily global environmental pollution and serious health hazards. Up to now, how to efficiently remove mercury with SO2 and NOx from flue gas is still a tough task. In this study, series of high oxidizing Fenton systems were employed to purify the pollutants. The experimental results showed that Fe3+/H2O2 was more suitable to purify Hg0 than Fe2+/H2O2 and Cu2+/H2O2. The optimal condition includes Fe3+ concentration of 0.008 mol/L, Hg0 inlet concentration of 40 μg/m3, solution temperature of 50 °C, pH of 3, H2O2 concentration of 0.7 mol/L, and O2 percentage of 6%. When SO2 and NOx were taken into account under the optimal condition, Hg0 removal efficiency could be enhanced to 91.11% while the removal efficiency of both NOx and SO2 was slightly declined, which was consistent to the analysis of purifying mechanism. The removal efficiency of Hg0 was stimulated by accelerating the conversion of Fe2+ to Fe3+, which resulted from the existence of SO2 and NOx. The results of this study suggested that simultaneously purifying Hg0, SO2, and NOx from flue gas is feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xing
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liuliu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China.
| | - Pei Lu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jiansheng Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China.
| | - Qianli Li
- Langfang Environmental Protection Bureau, Langfang, 065000, China
| | - Bojun Yan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mengsi Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xing Y, Yan B, Lu P, Cui X, Li L, Wang M. Purification of Hg 0 from flue gas by wet oxidation method and its mechanism: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:26310-26323. [PMID: 29063396 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of Hg2+ can be removed while elemental mercury (Hg0) can hardly be removed due to its characteristic of high volatility and insolubility in water. Till now, how to oxidize Hg0 to Hg2+ is the key for the purification of Hg0, especially when there are others pollutants, such as HCl, SO2, and NOx. In this review, the method and mechanism of Hg0 purification from flue gas by H2O2, KMnO4, NaClO2, and O3 are reviewed comprehensively. It is concluded that the oxidation of Hg0 mainly depends on the electronic supply efficiency from the solution. The Fenton reagent, composed of H2O2 and metal cations, is superior to O3 and the solution of KMnO4 and NaClO2. Moreover, HCl, SO2, and NOx in the flue gas can influence the oxidation and purification mechanism of Hg0. It is found that HCl in flue gas had obvious auxo-action on the oxidation of mercury, and SO2 and NOx have different effects on the oxidation of Hg0 with the change of compositions and concentration of pollutants in the flue gas. In general, SO2 and NOx can slightly promote the oxidation of Hg0 due to the synergistic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xing
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bojun Yan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Pei Lu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Cui
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liuliu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Mengsi Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Photocatalytic oxidation of gas-phase Hg0 by carbon spheres supported visible-light-driven CuO–TiO2. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
18
|
He F, Deng X, Chen M. Nitric oxide removal by combined urea and Fe IIEDTA reaction systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:623-629. [PMID: 27836274 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
(NH2)2CO as well as FeIIEDTA is an absorbent for simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification. However, they have their own drawbacks, like the oxidation of FeIIEDTA and the low solubility of NO in urea solution. To overcome these defects, A mixed absorbent containing both (NH2)2CO and FeIIEDTA was employed. The effects of various operating parameters (urea and FeIIEDTA concentration, temperature, inlet oxygen concentration, pH value) on NO removal were examined in the packed tower. The results indicated that the NO removal efficiency increased with the decrease of oxygen concentration as well as the increase of FeIIEDTA concentration. The NO removal efficiency had little change with a range of 25-45 °C, and sharply decreased at the temperature of above 55 °C. The NO removal efficiency initially increases up to the maximum value and then decreases with the increase of pH value as well as the raise of urea concentration. In addition, the synergistic mechanism of (NH2)2CO and FeIIEDTA on NO removal was investigated. Results showed that urea could react with FeIIEDTA-NO to produce FeIIEDTA, N2, and CO2, and hinder oxidation of FeIIEDTA. Finally, to evaluate the effect of SO32- on NO removal, a mixed absorbent containing FeIIEDTA, urea, and Na2SO3 was employed to absorb NO. The mixed absorbent could maintain more than 78% for 80 min at 25 °C, pH = 7.0, (NH2)2CO concentration of 5 wt%, FeIIEDTA concentration of 0.02 M, O2 concentration of 7% (v/v), and Na2SO3 concentration of 0.2 M.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feiqiang He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
| | - Xianhe Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lopez-Anton MA, Fernández-Miranda N, Martínez-Tarazona MR. The application of regenerable sorbents for mercury capture in gas phase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:24495-24503. [PMID: 27604126 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a well-known toxic element, and flue gas streams emitted from coal-fired utilities are one of the largest anthropogenic sources of this element. This study briefly reviews the proposed technologies for reducing mercury emissions from coal combustion, focusing on an emerging process which involves the use of regenerable sorbents and especially those loaded with noble metals. Among the mercury species formed during coal combustion, elemental mercury is the most difficult to remove from the flue gases due to its low reactivity and insolubility in water. The widespread interest in using regenerable sorbents with metals is due to their ability to retain elemental mercury. With this technology, not only can efficiencies of 100 % be reached in the retention of elemental mercury but also a way to avoid the generation of new wastes loaded with mercury. This study considers the main aspects that must be taken into account when developing effective regenerable sorbents for mercury capture, with special attention to sorbents containing noble metals. The characteristics of this process are compared with those of other processes in a more advanced state of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Antonia Lopez-Anton
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón (CSIC), C/ Francisco Pintado Fe No. 26, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mechanisms involved in the transport of mercuric ions in target tissues. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:63-81. [PMID: 27422290 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mercury exists in the environment in various forms, all of which pose a risk to human health. Despite guidelines regulating the industrial release of mercury into the environment, humans continue to be exposed regularly to various forms of this metal via inhalation or ingestion. Following exposure, mercuric ions are taken up by and accumulate in numerous organs, including brain, intestine, kidney, liver, and placenta. In order to understand the toxicological effects of exposure to mercury, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms that facilitate entry of mercuric ions into target cells must first be obtained. A number of mechanisms for the transport of mercuric ions into target cells and organs have been proposed in recent years. However, the ability of these mechanisms to transport mercuric ions and the regulatory features of these carriers have not been characterized completely. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current findings related to the mechanisms that may be involved in the transport of inorganic and organic forms of mercury in target tissues and organs. This review will describe mechanisms known to be involved in the transport of mercury and will also propose additional mechanisms that may potentially be involved in the transport of mercuric ions into target cells.
Collapse
|
21
|
Fernández-Miranda N, Lopez-Anton MA, Torre-Santos T, Díaz-Somoano M, Martínez-Tarazona MR. Impact of Oxy-Fuel Conditions on Elemental Mercury Re-Emission in Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:7247-7253. [PMID: 27329988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates some of the variables that may influence mercury retention in wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) plants, focusing on oxy-coal combustion processes and differences when compared with atmospheres enriched in N2. The main drawback of using WFGD for mercury capture is the possibility of unwanted reduction of dissolved Hg(2+), leading to the re-emission of insoluble elemental mercury (Hg(0)), which decreases efficiency. To acquire a better understanding of the mercury re-emission reactions in WFGD systems, this work analyses different variables that influence the behavior of mercury in slurries obtained from two limestones, under an oxy-combustion atmosphere. The O2 supplied to the reactor, the influence of the pH, the concentration of mercury in the gas phase, and the enhancement of mercury in the slurry were the variables considered. The study was performed at laboratory scale, where possible reactions between the components in the scrubber can be individually evaluated. It was found that in an oxy-combustion atmosphere (mostly CO2), the re-emission of Hg(0) is lower than under a N2-enriched atmosphere, and the mercury is mainly retained as Hg(2+) in the liquid phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - M Antonia Lopez-Anton
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón (CSIC), Francisco Pintado Fe, 26, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Teresa Torre-Santos
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón (CSIC), Francisco Pintado Fe, 26, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mercedes Díaz-Somoano
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón (CSIC), Francisco Pintado Fe, 26, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rumayor M, Lopez-Anton M, Díaz-Somoano M, Maroto-Valer M, Richard JH, Biester H, Martínez-Tarazona M. A comparison of devices using thermal desorption for mercury speciation in solids. Talanta 2016; 150:272-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
23
|
Agudelo-Calderón CA, Quiroz-Arcentales L, García-Ubaque JC, Robledo-Martínez R, García-Ubaque CA. [Evaluation of environmental conditions: air, water and soil in areas of mining activity in Boyacá, Colombia]. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2016; 18:50-60. [PMID: 28453153 DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v18n1.55384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine concentrations of PM10, mercury and lead in indoor air of homes, water sources and soil in municipalities near mining operations. Method 6 points were evaluated in areas of influence and 2 in control areas. For measurements of indoor air, we used the NIOSH 600 method (PM10), NIOSH 6009 (mercury) and NIOSH 7300 (lead). For water analysis we used the IDEAM Guide for monitoring discharges. For soil analysis, we used the cold vapor technique (mercury) and atomic absorption (lead). Results In almost all selected households, the average PM10 and mercury concentrations in indoor air exceeded applicable air quality standards. Concentrations of lead were below standard levels. In all water sources, high concentrations of lead were found and in some places within the mining areas, high levels of iron, aluminum and mercury were also found. In soil, mercury concentrations were below the detection level and for lead, differences between the monitored points were observed. Conclusions The results do not establish causal relationships between mining and concentration of these pollutants in the evaluated areas because of the multiplicity of sources in the area. However, such studies provide important information, useful to agents of the environmental health system and researchers. Installation of networks for environmental monitoring to obtain continuous reports is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cesar A García-Ubaque
- Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Observed decrease in atmospheric mercury explained by global decline in anthropogenic emissions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:526-31. [PMID: 26729866 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516312113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Observations of elemental mercury (Hg(0)) at sites in North America and Europe show large decreases (∼ 1-2% y(-1)) from 1990 to present. Observations in background northern hemisphere air, including Mauna Loa Observatory (Hawaii) and CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container) aircraft flights, show weaker decreases (<1% y(-1)). These decreases are inconsistent with current global emission inventories indicating flat or increasing emissions over that period. However, the inventories have three major flaws: (i) they do not account for the decline in atmospheric release of Hg from commercial products; (ii) they are biased in their estimate of artisanal and small-scale gold mining emissions; and (iii) they do not properly account for the change in Hg(0)/Hg(II) speciation of emissions from coal-fired utilities after implementation of emission controls targeted at SO2 and NOx. We construct an improved global emission inventory for the period 1990 to 2010 accounting for the above factors and find a 20% decrease in total Hg emissions and a 30% decrease in anthropogenic Hg(0) emissions, with much larger decreases in North America and Europe offsetting the effect of increasing emissions in Asia. Implementation of our inventory in a global 3D atmospheric Hg simulation [GEOS-Chem (Goddard Earth Observing System-Chemistry)] coupled to land and ocean reservoirs reproduces the observed large-scale trends in atmospheric Hg(0) concentrations and in Hg(II) wet deposition. The large trends observed in North America and Europe reflect the phase-out of Hg from commercial products as well as the cobenefit from SO2 and NOx emission controls on coal-fired utilities.
Collapse
|
25
|
Gul N, Khan S, Khan A, Ahmad SS. Mercury health effects among the workers extracting gold from carpets and dusted clays through amalgamation and roasting processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17965-17974. [PMID: 26169819 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic metal which can cause serious health effects. The aim of this research was to determine the concentrations of total Hg (T-Hg), methyl Hg (Me-Hg), and inorganic Hg (I-Hg) in the biological samples (plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), urine, hair, and nails) of the exposed goldsmith workers. This is the first study that determines the detailed Hg concentrations in the biological samples (plasma, RBCs, urine, hair, and nails) of the exposed goldsmith workers and correlates them with the diseases noted among the workers in a single paper. Biological samples were collected from goldsmith workers (n = 40) and analyzed for T-Hg, Me-Hg, and I-Hg using atomic absorption spectrometer equipped with mercury hydride system. The mean T-Hg concentration in RBCs (33 μg L(-1)), plasma (11.8 μg L(-1)), urine (167 μg L(-1)), hair (4.21 μg g(-1)), and nails (5.91 μg g(-1)) were higher than the control RBCs (1.64 μg L(-1)), plasma (0.55 μg L(-1)), urine (2.72 μg L(-1)), hair (0.35 μg g(-1)), and nails (0.51 μg g(-1)). All workers participated in this study were suffering from physical and mental diseases. The concentration of Hg was found higher among the workers suffering from mental diseases as compared to those suffering from physical diseases. Among the physical diseases, the most serious diseases were sexual dysfunction, skin diseases, and fatigue because the workers suffering from these diseases had higher concentration of Hg than the workers with other diseases. The occurrence of physical diseases (88%) was greater than the mental diseases (53%) among the workers. The correlations of physical and mental diseases with experience (years of work) and exposure time were significant (p < 0.05), while nonsignificant (p > 0.05) correlation was observed between demographic parameters and Hg concentrations in the biological samples of the workers. The burning process of amalgamated gold is a significant source of Hg exposure to goldsmith workers; therefore, awareness and precautionary measures are needed to provide protection to them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayab Gul
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Abbas Khan
- Drug Control Administration, Health Department, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ram LC, Masto RE, Srivastava NK, George J, Selvi VA, Das TB, Pal SK, Maity S, Mohanty D. Potentially toxic elements in lignite and its combustion residues from a power plant. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:4148. [PMID: 25446718 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The presence of potentially toxic elements in lignite and coal is a matter of global concern during energy extraction from them. Accordingly, Barsingsar lignite from Rajasthan (India), a newly identified and currently exploited commercial source of energy, was evaluated for the presence of these elements and their fate during its combustion. Mobility of these elements in Barsingsar lignite and its ashes from a power plant (Bikaner-Nagaur region of Thar Desert, India) is presented in this paper. Kaolinite, quartz, and gypsum are the main minerals in lignite. Both the fly ash and bottom ash of lignite belong to class-F with SiO₂ > Al₂O₃ > CaO > MgO. Both the ashes contain quartz, mullite, anhydrite, and albite. As, In, and Sr have higher concentration in the feed than the ashes. Compared to the feed lignite, Ba, Co, U, Cu, Cd, and Ni are enriched (10-5 times) in fly ash and Co, Pb, Li, Ga, Cd, and U in bottom ash (9-5 times). Earth crust-normalization pattern showed enrichment of Ga, U, B, Ag, Cd, and Se in the lignite; Li, Ba, Ga, B, Cu, Ag, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Se, in fly ash; and Li, Sr, Ga, U, B, Cu, Ag, Cd, Pb, and Se in bottom ash. Hg, Ag, Zn, Ni, Ba, and Se are possibly associated with pyrite. Leaching test by toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) showed that except B all the elements are within the safe limits prescribed by Indian Standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L C Ram
- Environmental Management Division, CSIR Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Digwadih Campus PO: FRI, Dhanbad, 828 108, India,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sn–Mn binary metal oxides as non-carbon sorbent for mercury removal in a wide-temperature window. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 428:121-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
28
|
Zhao Y, Hao R. Macrokinetics of Hg0 Removal by a Vaporized Multicomponent Oxidant. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5009376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding071003, China
| | - Runlong Hao
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding071003, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fernández-Miranda N, Lopez-Anton MA, Díaz-Somoano M, Martínez-Tarazona MR. Effect of oxy-combustion flue gas on mercury oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:7164-7170. [PMID: 24877895 DOI: 10.1021/es500967d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of the gases present in a typical oxy-coal combustion atmosphere on mercury speciation and compares it with the mercury speciation produced in conventional air combustion atmospheres. The work was performed at laboratory scale at 150 °C. It was found that the minor constituents (SO2, NOx, and HCl) significantly modify the percentages of Hg(2+) in the gas. The influence of these species on mercury oxidation was demostrated when they were tested individually and also when they were blended in different gas compositions, although the effect was different to the sum of their individual effects. Of the minor constituents, NOx were the main species involved in oxidation of mercury. Moreover, it was found that a large concentration of H2O vapor also plays an important role in mercury oxidation. Around 50% of the total mercury was oxidized in atmospheres with H2O vapor concentrations typical of oxy-combustion conditions. When the atmospheres have similar concentrations of SO2, NO, NO2, HCl, and H2O, the proportion of Hg(0)/Hg(2+) is similar regardless of whether CO2 (oxy-fuel combustion) or N2 (air combustion) are the main components of the gas.
Collapse
|
30
|
Ordóñez A, Álvarez R, Loredo J. Asturian mercury mining district (Spain) and the environment: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:7490-7508. [PMID: 23589252 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is of particular concern amongst global environmental pollutants, with abundant contaminated sites worldwide, many of which are associated with mining activities. Asturias (Northwest of Spain) can be considered an Hg metallogenic province with abundant epithermal-type deposits, whose paragenetic sequences include also As-rich minerals. These mines were abandoned long before the introduction of any environmental regulations to control metal release from these sources. Consequently, the environment is globally affected, as high metal concentrations have been found in soils, waters, sediments, plants, and air. In this paper, a characterization of the environmental affection caused by Hg mining in nine Asturian mine sites is presented, with particular emphasis in Hg and As contents. Hg concentrations found in the studied milieu are similar and even higher than those reported in previous studies for other mercury mining districts (mainly Almadén and Idrija). Furthermore, the potential adverse health effects of exposure to these elements in the considered sites in this district have been assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ordóñez
- Department of Explotación y Prospección de Minas, University of Oviedo, c/Independencia, 13, 33004, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sun L, Lin S, Feng L, Huang S, Yuan D. The distribution and sea-air transfer of volatile mercury in waste post-desulfurization seawater discharged from a coal-fired power plant. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:6191-6200. [PMID: 23589251 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The waste seawater discharged in coastal areas from coal-fired power plants equipped with a seawater desulfurization system might carry pollutants such as mercury from the flue gas into the adjacent seas. However, only very limited impact studies have been carried out. Taking a typical plant in Xiamen as an example, the present study targeted the distribution and sea-air transfer flux of volatile mercury in seawater, in order to trace the fate of the discharged mercury other than into the sediments. Samples from 28 sampling sites were collected in the sea area around two discharge outlets of the plant, daily and seasonally. Total mercury, dissolved gaseous mercury and dissolved total mercury in the seawater, as well as gaseous elemental mercury above the sea surface, were investigated. Mean concentrations of dissolved gaseous mercury and gaseous elemental mercury in the area were 183 and 4.48 ng m(-3) in summer and 116 and 3.92 ng m(-3) in winter, which were significantly higher than those at a reference site. Based on the flux calculation, the transfer of volatile mercury was from the sea surface into the atmosphere, and more than 4.4 kg mercury, accounting for at least 2.2 % of the total discharge amount of the coal-fired power plant in the sampling area (1 km(2)), was emitted to the air annually. This study strongly suggested that besides being deposited into the sediment and diluted with seawater, emission into the atmosphere was an important fate for the mercury from the waste seawater from coal-fired power plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Smith KR, Frumkin H, Balakrishnan K, Butler CD, Chafe ZA, Fairlie I, Kinney P, Kjellstrom T, Mauzerall DL, McKone TE, McMichael AJ, Schneider M. Energy and Human Health. Annu Rev Public Health 2013; 34:159-88. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Howard Frumkin
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;
| | - Kalpana Balakrishnan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai-600116, India;
| | - Colin D. Butler
- Discipline of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
| | - Zoë A. Chafe
- School of Public Health,
- Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7360; ,
| | - Ian Fairlie
- Independent Consultant on Radioactivity in the Environment, United Kingdom;
| | - Patrick Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032;
| | - Tord Kjellstrom
- Center for Global Health Research, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; and National Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200 Australia;
| | - Denise L. Mauzerall
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544;
| | - Thomas E. McKone
- School of Public Health,
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Anthony J. McMichael
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia;
| | - Mycle Schneider
- Independent Consultant on Energy and Nuclear Policy, Paris, France;
| |
Collapse
|