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Araújo RDS, Viana TA, Botina LL, Bastos DSS, da Silva Alves BC, Machado-Neves M, Bernardes RC, Martins GF. Investigating the effects of mesotrione/atrazine-based herbicide on honey bee foragers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165526. [PMID: 37451454 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
A mixture of the herbicides mesotrione and atrazine (Calaris®) is a widely used herbicide in agriculture in several countries. However, the possible toxicological effects of this formulation on non-target organisms require investigation. In this study, the effects of acute oral exposure to Calaris® were evaluated in Apis mellifera foragers. The effect of seven different concentrations of Calaris® on survival and sucrose consumption was studied, while the recommended concentration for field use (FC) and its 10× dilution (0.1 FC) were used to assess overall locomotor activity, respiratory rate, flight, midgut morphology, oxidative and nitrosative stresses, and hemocyte counting. The exposure to FC or 0.1 FC decreased locomotor activity and induced damage to the midgut epithelium. Additionally, the two tested concentrations reduced superoxide dismutase activity, nitric oxide levels, and total hemocyte count. FC also increased malondialdehyde content and 0.1 FC increased respiratory rate and decreased the proportion of prohemocytes. Overall, our findings evidenced significant harmful effects on A. mellifera foragers resulting from the ingestion of the Calaris® herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Dos Santos Araújo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78698-000 Pontal do Araguaia, MT, Brazil.
| | - Thaís Andrade Viana
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lorena Lisbetd Botina
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Mariana Machado-Neves
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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2
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Vázquez DE, Villegas Martínez LE, Medina V, Latorre-Estivalis JM, Zavala JA, Farina WM. Glyphosate affects larval gut microbiota and metamorphosis of honey bees with differences between rearing procedures. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122200. [PMID: 37460013 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The honey bee Apis mellifera is a sentinel species of the pollinator community which is exposed to a wide variety of pesticides. In the last half-century, the pesticide most applied worldwide has been the herbicide glyphosate (GLY) used for weed control and with microbiocide effects. After its application in crops, the GLY residues have been detected in flowers visited by honey bees as well as in the stored food of their hives. Therefore, the honey bee brood can ingest the herbicide during larval development. Recent studies proved that GLY has detrimental effects on adult honey bees and other insects associated with the disturbance of their gut microbiota. GLY induces changes in the growth, metabolism and survival of honey bees and stingless bees reared in vitro. However, the effect of GLY on larval microbiota is unknown so far and there are few studies with an in-hive exposure to GLY. For these reasons, this study aims to determine whether GLY induces dysbiosis in honey bee larvae and affects their metamorphosis during the exposure period (pre-defecation) and the post-exposure period. Furthermore, we assessed this herbicide in vitro and in the hive to compare its effects on different rearing procedures. Finally, we tested the pigment BLUE1 as an indirect exposure marker to detect and estimate the in-hive intake concentration of GLY. Our results indicate that the intake of field-relevant concentrations of GLY induced a slowdown in growth with dysbiosis in the larval gut microbiota followed by late effects on their metamorphosis such as teratogenesis and mortality of newly emerged bees. Nevertheless, brood from the same colonies expressed different signs of toxicity depending on the rearing procedure and in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Virginia Medina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, (INBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jose M Latorre-Estivalis
- Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge A Zavala
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, (INBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter M Farina
- Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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3
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Pons DG, Herrera C, Torrens-Mas M, Leza M, Sastre-Serra J. Sublethal doses of glyphosate modulates mitochondria and oxidative stress in honeybees by direct feeding. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 114:e22028. [PMID: 37259187 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Honeybees are essential for the ecosystem maintenance and for plant production in agriculture. Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide widely used in crops to control weeds and could affect honeybees' health in sublethal doses. Our aim was to study how sublethal doses of glyphosate affects to oxidative stress and mitochondrial homeostasis in honeybees. We exposed honeybees to glyphosate at 5 and 10 mg·l-1 for 2 and 10 h for the gene expression analysis by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and for 48 and 72 h for the antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation determination. We observed a general increase in antioxidant- and mitochondrial-related genes expression in honeybees after 2 h of exposition to glyphosate, as well as a rise in catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymatic activity after 48 h and an increment in lipid peroxidation adducts generation after 72 h. These results suggest a direct effect of glyphosate on honeybees' health, with an insufficient response of the antioxidant system to the generated oxidative stress, resulting in an increase in lipid peroxidation and, therefore, oxidative damage. Altogether, results obtained in this work demonstrate that sublethal treatments of glyphosate could directly affect honeybee individuals under laboratory conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate alternatives to glyphosate to determine if they are less harmful to non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d´Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Cayetano Herrera
- Department of Biology (Zoology), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d´Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Translational Research In Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Mar Leza
- Department of Biology (Zoology), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Jorge Sastre-Serra
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d´Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Gauthier M, Defrance J, Jumarie C, Vulliet E, Garric J, Boily M, Geffard O. Disruption of oogenesis and molting by methoprene and glyphosate in Gammarus fossarum: involvement of retinoic acid? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:86060-86071. [PMID: 37394563 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28327-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, the freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum proved to be a promising sentinel species in active biomonitoring programs to assess the effects of environmental contamination on non-target organisms. Given that the highly conserved retinoid (RETs) metabolism supports many biological functions and is perturbed by xenobiotics and used as biomarker for vertebrates, we explored the RETs functions in the crustacean model Gammarus fossarum. More specifically, we studied the implication of all -trans retinoic acid (atRA) in the reproduction (embryo, oocyte, and juvenile production) and development (success and delay of molting) by exposing G. fossarum females to atRA and citral (CIT), a known inhibitor of RA synthesis. In parallel, we exposed gammarids to methoprene (MET) and glyphosate (GLY), two pesticides suspected to interfere with atRA metabolism and signaling and frequently found in water systems. After 14 days of exposure, atRA, CIT, and MET reduced the number of oocytes, whereas only MET caused a reduced number of embryos. After 44 days, MET and GLY showed a tendency to decrease juvenile production. The duration of the molting cycle increased following the exposures to atRA and MET, while the treatment with CIT caused a typical endocrine disruptive inverted U-shaped curve. The exposure to GLY led to increased duration of the molting cycle at the lowest concentrations and lowered molting success at the highest concentration tested. This study highlights for the first time the implication of RA in the oogenesis and molting of G. fossarum and suggests that it may be a potential mediator of MET-induced effects on these processes. This study adds to the comprehension of the reproductive and developmental control in G. fossarum and opens new research avenues to study the effects of xenobiotics on the RET system in this sentinel species. Ultimately, our study will drive the development of RET-based biomarkers for non-target aquatic invertebrates exposed to xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauthier
- Unité de Recherche RiverLy Ecotoxicology Laboratory, INRAE, 5, Rue de La Doua C.S. 20244, 69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- Université du Québec À Montréal (UQAM), Département Des Sciences Biologiques, 141, Avenue du Président-Kennedy, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Jérémy Defrance
- Unité de Recherche RiverLy Ecotoxicology Laboratory, INRAE, 5, Rue de La Doua C.S. 20244, 69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ. de Lyon, 15, Parvis René Descartes, 69342, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Catherine Jumarie
- Université du Québec À Montréal (UQAM), Département Des Sciences Biologiques, 141, Avenue du Président-Kennedy, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Vulliet
- Univ. Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5, Rue de La Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jeanne Garric
- Unité de Recherche RiverLy Ecotoxicology Laboratory, INRAE, 5, Rue de La Doua C.S. 20244, 69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Monique Boily
- Université du Québec À Montréal (UQAM), Département Des Sciences Biologiques, 141, Avenue du Président-Kennedy, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Olivier Geffard
- Unité de Recherche RiverLy Ecotoxicology Laboratory, INRAE, 5, Rue de La Doua C.S. 20244, 69625, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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5
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Mackei M, Sebők C, Vöröházi J, Tráj P, Mackei F, Oláh B, Fébel H, Neogrády Z, Mátis G. Detrimental consequences of tebuconazole on redox homeostasis and fatty acid profile of honeybee brain. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 159:103990. [PMID: 37488035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Excessive use of azole fungicides in agriculture poses a potential threat to honeybees and other pollinator insects; however, the detailed effects of these molecules remain largely unclear. Hence, in the present study it was aimed to investigate the acute sublethal effects of tebuconazole on the redox homeostasis and fatty acid composition in the brain of honeybees. Our findings demonstrate that tebuconazole decreased total antioxidant capacity, the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione and disturbed the function of key antioxidant defense enzymes along with the induction of lipid peroxidation indicated by increased malondialdehyde levels, while it also altered the fatty acid profile of the brain. The present study highlights the negative impact of tebuconazole on honeybees and contributes to the understanding of potential consequences related to azole exposure on pollinator insects' health, such as the occurrence of colony collapse disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Mackei
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078, Hungary.
| | - Csilla Sebők
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Júlia Vöröházi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Patrik Tráj
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Mackei
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Oláh
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hedvig Fébel
- Nutrition Physiology Research Group, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gesztenyés Street 1, H-2053 Herceghalom, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Neogrády
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mátis
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078, Hungary
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6
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Wang K, Cai M, Sun J, Chen H, Lin Z, Wang Z, Niu Q, Ji T. Atrazine exposure can dysregulate the immune system and increase the susceptibility against pathogens in honeybees in a dose-dependent manner. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131179. [PMID: 36948121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, concerns regarding the impact of agrochemical pesticides on non-target organisms have increased. The effect of atrazine, the second-most widely used herbicide in commercial farming globally, on honeybees remains poorly understood. Here, we evaluated how atrazine impacts the survival of honeybees and pollen and sucrose consumption, investigating the morphology and mRNA expression levels of midgut tissue, along with bacterial composition (relative abundance) and load (absolute abundance) in the whole gut. Atrazine did not affect mortality, but high exposure (37.3 mg/L) reduced pollen and sucrose consumption, resulting in peritrophic membrane dysplasia. Sodium channels and chitin synthesis were considered potential atrazine targets, with the expression of various genes related to lipid metabolism, detoxification, immunity, and chemosensory activity being inhibited after atrazine exposure. Importantly, 37.3 mg/L atrazine exposure substantially altered the composition and size of the gut microbial community, clearly reducing both the absolute and relative abundance of three core gram-positive taxa, Lactobacillus Firm-5, Lactobacillus Firm-4, and Bifidobacterium asteroides. With altered microbiome composition and a weakened immune system following atrazine exposure, honeybees became more susceptible to infection by the opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens. Thus, considering its scale of use, atrazine could negatively impact honeybee populations worldwide, which may adversely affect global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minqi Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Chen
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheguang Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Bee Genetics and Breeding, Jilin Provincial Institute of Apicultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Qingsheng Niu
- Key Laboratory for Bee Genetics and Breeding, Jilin Provincial Institute of Apicultural Sciences, Jilin, China
| | - Ting Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China.
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Prado IS, da Rocha AA, Silva LA, Gonzalez VC. Glyphosate-based formulation affects Tetragonisca angustula worker's locomotion, behavior and biology. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:513-524. [PMID: 37119428 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Declining bee populations diminish pollination services, damaging plant and agricultural biodiversity. One of the causes of this decline is the use of pesticides. Pesticides with glyphosate as the main active ingredient are among the most used pesticides worldwide, being the most used in Brazil. This study determined the 24 and 48 h LD50 (median lethal dose) of the herbicide's glyphosate-based formulation by ingestion, identified sublethal doses, and investigated its effects on the locomotion and behavior of Tetragonisca angustula workers. The LD50 found indicates that a glyphosate-based formulation is highly toxic to T. angustula. The doses applied, including concentrations found in nature, caused death, motor changes (decreased speed and tremors), excessive self-cleaning, and disorientation (return to light and stop). Although we did not test for pollination effects, we can infer from our results that this formulation can negatively affect the pollination activity of T. angustula. Evaluation of the toxicity and sublethal effects of pesticides on bees contributes to a better understanding of their harmful effects on hives and allows for the development of strategies to reduce these impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Sousa Prado
- Zoology Laboratory of the Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Agda Alves da Rocha
- Zoology Laboratory of the Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Lais Alves Silva
- Graduate Program in Geosciences, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Cunha Gonzalez
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory of the Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil.
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Gauthier M, Daniele G, Giroud B, Lafay F, Vulliet E, Jumarie C, Garric J, Boily M, Geffard O. The retinoid metabolism of Gammarus fossarum is disrupted by exogenous all-trans retinoic acid, citral, and methoprene but not by the technical formulation of glyphosate. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114602. [PMID: 36773439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, fluctuations of retinoids (RETs), also known as vitamin A and derivatives, have proved to be useful biomarkers to assess the environmental chemical pressure on a wide variety of non-target vertebrates. This use of RET-based biomarkers is of particular interest in the non-target sentinel species Gammarus fossarum in which RETs were shown to influence crucial physiological functions. To study and probe this metabolism in this crustacean model, a UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed to 1) identify and 2) monitor several endogenous RETs in unexposed females throughout their reproductive cycle. Then, females were exposed in controlled conditions to exogenous all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) and citral (CIT), a RA synthesis inhibitor, to simulate an excess or deficiency in RA. Perturbation of vitamin A metabolism by pesticides was further studied in response to methoprene (MET), a juvenile hormone analog as well as glyphosate (GLY). The developed method allowed, for the first time in this model, the identification of RA metabolites (all-trans 4-oxo and 13-cis 4-oxo RA), RA isomers (all-trans and 13-cis RA) as well as retinaldehyde (RALD) isomers (all-trans, 11-cis, and 13-cis RALD) and showed two distinct phases in the reproductive cycle. Retinoic acid successfully increased the tissular concentration of both RA isomers and CIT proved to be efficient at perturbating the conversion from RALD to RA. Methoprene perturbed the ratios between RA isomers whereas GLY had no observed effects on the RET system of G. fossarum females. We were able to discriminate different dynamics of RET perturbations by morphogens (atRA or CIT) or MET which highlights the plausible mediation of RETs in MET-induced disorders. Ultimately, our study shows that RETs are influenced by exposure to MET and strengthen their potential to assess aquatic ecosystem chemical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauthier
- Unité de recherche RiverLy, INRAE, 5, Rue de la Doua C.S. 20244, Villeurbanne Cedex, France; Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Département des sciences biologiques, 141, Avenue du Président-Kennedy, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gaëlle Daniele
- Univ. Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5, Rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Barbara Giroud
- Univ. Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5, Rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florent Lafay
- Univ. Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5, Rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vulliet
- Univ. Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5, Rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Catherine Jumarie
- Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Département des sciences biologiques, 141, Avenue du Président-Kennedy, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeanne Garric
- Unité de recherche RiverLy, INRAE, 5, Rue de la Doua C.S. 20244, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Monique Boily
- Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Département des sciences biologiques, 141, Avenue du Président-Kennedy, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Geffard
- Unité de recherche RiverLy, INRAE, 5, Rue de la Doua C.S. 20244, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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Kablau A, Erler S, Eckert JH, Pistorius J, Sharbati S, Einspanier R. Effects of Flupyradifurone and Two Reference Insecticides Commonly Used in Toxicological Studies on the Larval Proteome of the Honey bee Apis mellifera. INSECTS 2023; 14:77. [PMID: 36662005 PMCID: PMC9862931 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The western honey bee Apis mellifera is globally distributed due to its beekeeping advantages and plays an important role in the global ecology and economy. In recent decades, several studies have raised concerns about bee decline. Discussed are multiple reasons such as increased pathogen pressure, malnutrition or pesticide use. Insecticides are considered to be one of the major factors. In 2013, the use of three neonicotinoids in the field was prohibited in the EU. Flupyradifurone was introduced as a potential successor; it has a comparable mode of action as the banned neonicotinoids. However, there is a limited number of studies on the effects of sublethal concentrations of flupyradifurone on honey bees. Particularly, the larval physiological response by means of protein expression has not yet been studied. Hence, the larval protein expression was investigated via 2D gel electrophoresis after following a standardised protocol to apply sublethal concentrations of the active substance (flupyradifurone 10 mg/kg diet) to larval food. The treated larvae did not show increased mortality or an aberrant development. Proteome comparisons showed clear differences concerning the larval metabolism, immune response and energy supply. Further field studies are needed to validate the in vitro results at a colony level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Kablau
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- LABOKLIN GmbH and Co. KG, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - Silvio Erler
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Brauschweig, Germany
| | - Jakob H. Eckert
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Brauschweig, Germany
| | - Jens Pistorius
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Soroush Sharbati
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Bhatti P, Duhan A, Pal A, Beniwal RK, Kumawat P, Yadav DB. Ultimate fate and possible ecological risks associated with atrazine and its principal metabolites (DIA and DEA) in soil and water environment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114299. [PMID: 36399993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (AT) is a triazine herbicide widely used to control weeds in several crops. De-isopropylatrazine (DIA) and de-ethylatrazine (DEA) are two of the eight primary metabolites produced by AT breakdown in soil and water. The physico-chemical properties of the soil determine their final fate. So, this study aimed to assess the function of clay loam and sandy loam soils in determining their ultimate fate and the potential ecological risks to non-target species during their persistence in soil and transportation to water bodies. The soil in pots was spiked with standard solutions of AT, DEA, and DIA at 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg for the persistence study. The leaching potential was determined by placing soils in Plexi columns and spiking them with 50 and 100 µg standard solutions. Liquid-liquid extraction was used to prepare the samples, which were then analyzed using GC-MS/MS. The dynamics of dissipation were first-order. AT, DEA and DIA disappeared rapidly in sandy loam soil, with half-lives ranging from 6.2 to 8.4 days. AT and its metabolites had a significant amount of leaching potential. In sandy loam soil, leaching was more effective, resulting in maximal residue movement up to 30-40 cm soil depth. The presence of a notable collection of residues in leachate fractions suggests the potential for surface and groundwater contamination. In particular, DEA and DIA metabolites caused springtail Folsomia candida and earthworm Eisenia fetida to have longer and greater unacceptable risks. If the residues comparable to the amount acquired in leachate fractions reach water bodies, they could cause toxicity to a variety of freshwater fish, aquatic arthropods, amphibians, and aquatic invertebrates. Future studies should take a more comprehensive approach to evaluate ecological health and dangers to non-target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India.
| | - Anil Duhan
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India; Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India.
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India.
| | - Ravi Kumar Beniwal
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India.
| | - Priyanka Kumawat
- Department of Agronomy, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur 303 328, India.
| | - Dharam Bir Yadav
- Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India.
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11
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Tosi S, Sfeir C, Carnesecchi E, vanEngelsdorp D, Chauzat MP. Lethal, sublethal, and combined effects of pesticides on bees: A meta-analysis and new risk assessment tools. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:156857. [PMID: 35760183 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple stressors threaten bee health, a major one being pesticides. Bees are simultaneously exposed to multiple pesticides that can cause both lethal and sublethal effects. Risk assessment and most research on bee health, however, focus on lethal individual effects. Here, we performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis that summarizes and re-interprets the available qualitative and quantitative information on the lethal, sublethal, and combined toxicity of a comprehensive range of pesticides on bees. We provide results (1970-2019) for multiple bee species (Bombus, Osmia, Megachile, Melipona, Partamona, Scaptotrigona), although most works focused on Apis mellifera L. (78 %). Our harmonised results document the lethal toxicity of pesticides in bees (n = 377 pesticides) and the types of sublethal testing methods and related effects that cause a sublethal effect (n = 375 sublethal experiments). We identified the most common combinations of pesticides and mode of actions tested, and summarize the experimental methods, magnitude of the interactions, and robustness of available data (n = 361 experiments). We provide open access searchable, comprehensive, and integrated list of pesticides and their levels causing lethal, sublethal, and combined effects. We report major data gaps related to pesticide's sublethal (71 %) and combined (e.g., ~99 %) toxicity. We identified pesticides and mode of actions of greatest concern in terms of sublethal (chlorothalonil, pymetrozine, glyphosate; neonicotinoids) and combined (tau-fluvalinate combinations; acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and neonicotinoids) effects. Although certain pesticides have faced regulatory restrictions in specific countries (chlorothalonil, pymetrozine, neonicotinoids), most are still widely used worldwide (e.g., glyphosate). This work aims at facilitating the implementation of more comprehensive and harmonised research and risk assessments, considering sublethal and combined effects. To ensure safeguarding pollinators and the environment, we advocate for a more refined and holistic assessment that do not only focus on lethality but uses harmonised methods to test sublethal and relevant combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Tosi
- Paris-Est University, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Animal Health, Maisons-Alfort, France; Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Italy.
| | - Cynthia Sfeir
- Paris-Est University, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Animal Health, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Edoardo Carnesecchi
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, PO Box 80177, 3508, TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis vanEngelsdorp
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, MD, 20742-4454, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre Chauzat
- Paris-Est University, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Animal Health, Maisons-Alfort, France; ANSES, Sophia Antipolis laboratory, Unit of Honey bee Pathology, European Reference Laboratory for Honeybee health, F-06902 Sophia Antipolis, France
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12
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Weidenmüller A, Meltzer A, Neupert S, Schwarz A, Kleineidam C. Glyphosate impairs collective thermoregulation in bumblebees. Science 2022; 376:1122-1126. [PMID: 35653462 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf7482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insects are facing a multitude of anthropogenic stressors, and the recent decline in their biodiversity is threatening ecosystems and economies across the globe. We investigated the impact of glyphosate, the most commonly used herbicide worldwide, on bumblebees. Bumblebee colonies maintain their brood at high temperatures via active thermogenesis, a prerequisite for colony growth and reproduction. Using a within-colony comparative approach to examine the effects of long-term glyphosate exposure on both individual and collective thermoregulation, we found that whereas effects are weak at the level of the individual, the collective ability to maintain the necessary high brood temperatures is decreased by more than 25% during periods of resource limitation. For pollinators in our heavily stressed ecosystems, glyphosate exposure carries hidden costs that have so far been largely overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Weidenmüller
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
- University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andrea Meltzer
- University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Neupert
- University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alica Schwarz
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
- University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christoph Kleineidam
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
- University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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13
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Hanna C, Boily M, Jumarie C. Pesticides Inhibit Retinoic Acid Catabolism in PLHC-1 and ZFL Fish Hepatic Cell Lines. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1045-1058. [PMID: 35608517 PMCID: PMC9214766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The population of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in lake Saint-Pierre (QC, Canada) has been dramatically declining since 1995 without any sign of recovery. Previous studies have shown disrupted retinoid (vitamin A) metabolic pathways in these fish, possibly due to the influence of pesticides. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of some herbicides and neonicotinoids on retinoic acid catabolism in the fish hepatic cell lines PLHC-1 and ZFL. We hypothesized that pesticides accelerate the catabolism of retinoic acid through oxidative stress that exacerbates the oxidation of retinoic acid. Results obtained with talarozole, a specific CYP26A1 inhibitor, and ketoconazole, a generalist inhibitor of cytochrome-P450 enzymes, revealed that CYP26A1 is mainly responsible for retinoic acid catabolism in ZFL but not PLHC-1 cells. The impacts of pesticides on retinoic acid catabolism were evaluated by incubating the cells with all-trans-retinoic acid and two herbicides, atrazine and glyphosate, or three neonicotinoids, clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam. Intracellular thiols and lipid peroxidation were measured following pesticide exposure. The possible causal relation between oxidative stress and the perturbation of retinoic acid catabolism was investigated using the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. The data revealed that pesticides inhibit retinoic acid catabolism, with the involvement of oxidative stress in the case of atrazine, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam but not with clothianidin and glyphosate. Pesticides also affected the isomerization of all-trans-retinoic acid over time, leading to an increased proportion of active isomers. These results hint at a possible perturbation of retinoic acid catabolism in fish living in pesticide-contaminated waters, as suggested by several in vivo studies. Such a disruption of retinoid metabolism is worrying, given the numerous physiological pathways driven by retinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel Hanna
- Département des sciences biologiques, Groupe TOXEN, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Monique Boily
- Département des sciences biologiques, Groupe TOXEN, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Catherine Jumarie
- Département des sciences biologiques, Groupe TOXEN, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
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14
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Mild chronic exposure to pesticides alters physiological markers of honey bee health without perturbing the core gut microbiota. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4281. [PMID: 35277551 PMCID: PMC8917129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies highlighted that exposure to glyphosate can affect specific members of the core gut microbiota of honey bee workers. However, in this study, bees were exposed to relatively high glyphosate concentrations. Here, we chronically exposed newly emerged honey bees to imidacloprid, glyphosate and difenoconazole, individually and in a ternary mixture, at an environmental concentration of 0.1 µg/L. We studied the effects of these exposures on the establishment of the gut microbiota, the physiological status, the longevity, and food consumption of the host. The core bacterial species were not affected by the exposure to the three pesticides. Negative effects were observed but they were restricted to few transient non-core bacterial species. However, in the absence of the core microbiota, the pesticides induced physiological disruption by directly altering the detoxification system, the antioxidant defenses, and the metabolism of the host. Our study indicates that even mild exposure to pesticides can directly alter the physiological homeostasis of newly emerged honey bees and particularly if the individuals exhibit a dysbiosis (i.e. mostly lack the core microbiota). This highlights the importance of an early establishment of a healthy gut bacterial community to strengthen the natural defenses of the honey bee against xenobiotic stressors.
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15
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Pal E, Almasri H, Paris L, Diogon M, Pioz M, Cousin M, Sené D, Tchamitchian S, Tavares DA, Delbac F, Blot N, Brunet JL, Belzunces LP. Toxicity of the Pesticides Imidacloprid, Difenoconazole and Glyphosate Alone and in Binary and Ternary Mixtures to Winter Honey Bees: Effects on Survival and Antioxidative Defenses. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10030104. [PMID: 35324729 PMCID: PMC8954695 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To explain losses of bees that could occur after the winter season, we studied the effects of the insecticide imidacloprid, the herbicide glyphosate and the fungicide difenoconazole, alone and in binary and ternary mixtures, on winter honey bees orally exposed to food containing these pesticides at concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/L. Attention was focused on bee survival, food consumption and oxidative stress. The effects on oxidative stress were assessed by determining the activity of enzymes involved in antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) in the head, abdomen and midgut; oxidative damage reflected by both lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation was also evaluated. In general, no significant effect on food consumption was observed. Pesticide mixtures were more toxic than individual substances, and the highest mortalities were induced at intermediate doses of 0.1 and 1 µg/L. The toxicity was not always linked to the exposure level and the number of substances in the mixtures. Mixtures did not systematically induce synergistic effects, as antagonism, subadditivity and additivity were also observed. The tested pesticides, alone and in mixtures, triggered important, systemic oxidative stress that could largely explain pesticide toxicity to honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pal
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Hanine Almasri
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Laurianne Paris
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (L.P.); (M.D.); (F.D.); (N.B.)
| | - Marie Diogon
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (L.P.); (M.D.); (F.D.); (N.B.)
| | - Maryline Pioz
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Marianne Cousin
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Déborah Sené
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Sylvie Tchamitchian
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Daiana Antonia Tavares
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Frédéric Delbac
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (L.P.); (M.D.); (F.D.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicolas Blot
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (L.P.); (M.D.); (F.D.); (N.B.)
| | - Jean-Luc Brunet
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Luc P. Belzunces
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)43272-2604
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16
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Tan S, Li G, Liu Z, Wang H, Guo X, Xu B. Effects of glyphosate exposure on honeybees. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 90:103792. [PMID: 34971799 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Honeybees show an important pollination ability and play vital roles in improving crop yields and increasing plant genetic diversity, thereby generating tremendous economic benefits for humans. However, honeybee survival is affected by a number of biological and abiotic stresses, including the effects of fungi, bacteria, viruses, parasites, and especially agrochemicals. Glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide that is primarily used for weed control in agriculture, has been reported to have lethal and sublethal effects on honeybees. Here, we summarize recent advances in research on the effects of glyphosate on honeybees, including effects on their behaviors, growth and development, metabolic processes, and immune defense, providing a detailed reference for studying the mechanism of action of pesticides. Furthermore, we provide possible directions for future research on glyphosate toxicity to honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Guilin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Hongfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Baohua Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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17
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Yang Y, Ghalandari B, Lin L, Sang X, Su W, Divsalar A, Ding X. A turn-on fluorescence sensor based on Cu 2+ modulated DNA-templated silver nanoclusters for glyphosate detection and mechanism investigation. Food Chem 2022; 367:130617. [PMID: 34352696 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The abuse application of glyphosate can result in a potential hazard for environment and human, however its ultrasensitive detection remains challenging. Herein, a Cu2+ modulated DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs) sensor was constructed to sensitively determine glyphosate based on the turn-on fluorescence strategy. The fluorescence quenching of DNA-AgNCs occurred with the existence of Cu2+. Upon the presence of glyphosate, the functional groups on the surface of glyphosate could chelate with Cu2+, following the fluorescence recovery of DNA-AgNCs. Through the stoichiometric methods, we unveil that Cu2+-trigged fluorescence quenching mode is a combination of static and dynamic quenching with the static mode being predominant. In DNA-AgNCs/Cu2+ system, the carboxylate, amine, and phosphonate groups of glyphosate interact with Cu2+ through chelation, in which the carboxylate oxygen, the phosphonate oxygen atoms, and the monoprotonated secondary amine nitrogen atom and Cu2+ form chelate rings. This fluorescence sensor showed a desired linearity of glyphosate analysis under the optimum conditions, ranging from 15 to 100 μg/L with a low detection down to 5 μg/L. Moreover, the proposed sensor was successfully utilized to measure glyphosate in real samples, indicating a promising application in pesticide residues detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Behafarid Ghalandari
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Liyun Lin
- Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wenqiong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Adeleh Divsalar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Xianting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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18
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Morphospecies Abundance of Above-Ground Invertebrates in Agricultural Systems under Glyphosate and Microplastics in South-Eastern Mexico. ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/environments8110130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Soil invertebrates are important for diverse soil ecosystem services, which are jeopardized by pesticides and microplastics. In the present study, we aimed to assess above-ground invertebrates’ morphospecies abundance in the presence of glyphosate (GLY), its main metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and microplastics (MPs). Three land-use systems were analyzed: agricultural systems with and without plastic mulch and pesticides (AwPM, AwoPM) and natural unmanaged farming systems (UF). Soil GLY, AMPA, MP concentrations and above-ground invertebrates were quantified. GLY concentrations were also assessed inside invertebrate tissues. GLY, AMPA and the highest concentration of GLY in invertebrates’ tissue were found only in AwoPM at 0.14–0.45 mg kg−1, 0.12–0.94 mg kg−1 and 0.03–0.26 mg kg−1, respectively. MPs were present as follows: AwPM system (100%, 400–2000 particles kg−1) > AwoPM (70.8%, 200–1000 particles kg−1) > UF (37.5%, 200–400 particles kg−1). No significant correlations were found between soil MPs, GLY and AMPA. There was a significant correlation between MPs and morphospecies from the order Entomobrymorpha (Collembola, R = 0.61, p < 0.05). Limnophila, Mesogastropoda (Gastropoda) and Siphonaptera morphospecies were only present in the UF system. GLY in invertebrate tissue was inversely correlated with soil GLY (R = −0.73, p < 0.05) and AMPA (R = −0.59, p < 0.05). Further investigations are required to understand these phenomena.
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19
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Straw EA, Brown MJ. No evidence of effects or interaction between the widely used herbicide, glyphosate, and a common parasite in bumble bees. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12486. [PMID: 34820203 PMCID: PMC8605762 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate is the world's most used pesticide and it is used without the mitigation measures that could reduce the exposure of pollinators to it. However, studies are starting to suggest negative impacts of this pesticide on bees, an essential group of pollinators. Accordingly, whether glyphosate, alone or alongside other stressors, is detrimental to bee health is a vital question. Bees are suffering declines across the globe, and pesticides, including glyphosate, have been suggested as being factors in these declines. METHODS Here we test, across a range of experimental paradigms, whether glyphosate impacts a wild bumble bee species, Bombus terrestris. In addition, we build upon existing work with honey bees testing glyphosate-parasite interactions by conducting fully crossed experiments with glyphosate and a common bumble bee trypanosome gut parasite, Crithidia bombi. We utilised regulatory acute toxicity testing protocols, modified to allow for exposure to multiple stressors. These protocols are expanded upon to test for effects on long term survival (20 days). Microcolony testing, using unmated workers, was employed to measure the impacts of either stressor on a proxy of reproductive success. This microcolony testing was conducted with both acute and chronic exposure to cover a range of exposure scenarios. RESULTS We found no effects of acute or chronic exposure to glyphosate, over a range of timespans post-exposure, on mortality or a range of sublethal metrics. We also found no interaction between glyphosate and Crithidia bombi in any metric, although there was conflicting evidence of increased parasite intensity after an acute exposure to glyphosate. In contrast to published literature, we found no direct impacts of this parasite on bee health. Our testing focussed on mortality and worker reproduction, so impacts of either or both of these stressors on other sublethal metrics could still exist. CONCLUSIONS Our results expand the current knowledge on glyphosate by testing a previously untested species, Bombus terrestris, using acute exposure, and by incorporating a parasite never before tested alongside glyphosate. In conclusion our results find that glyphosate, as an active ingredient, is unlikely to be harmful to bumble bees either alone, or alongside Crithidia bombi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A. Straw
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J.F. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
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20
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Almasri H, Tavares DA, Diogon M, Pioz M, Alamil M, Sené D, Tchamitchian S, Cousin M, Brunet JL, Belzunces LP. Physiological effects of the interaction between Nosema ceranae and sequential and overlapping exposure to glyphosate and difenoconazole in the honey bee Apis mellifera. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 217:112258. [PMID: 33915451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens and pollutants, such as pesticides, are potential stressors to all living organisms, including honey bees. Herbicides and fungicides are among the most prevalent pesticides in beehive matrices, and their interaction with Nosema ceranae is not well understood. In this study, the interactions between N. ceranae, the herbicide glyphosate and the fungicide difenoconazole were studied under combined sequential and overlapping exposure to the pesticides at a concentration of 0.1 µg/L in food. In the sequential exposure experiment, newly emerged bees were exposed to the herbicide from day 3 to day 13 after emerging and to the fungicide from day 13 to day 23. In the overlapping exposure experiment, bees were exposed to the herbicide from day 3 to day 13 and to the fungicide from day 7 to day 17. Infection by Nosema in early adult life stages (a few hours post emergence) greatly affected the survival of honey bees and elicited much higher mortality than was induced by pesticides either alone or in combination. Overlapping exposure to both pesticides induced higher mortality than was caused by sequential or individual exposure. Overlapping, but not sequential, exposure to pesticides synergistically increased the adverse effect of N. ceranae on honey bee longevity. The combination of Nosema and pesticides had a strong impact on physiological markers of the nervous system, detoxification, antioxidant defenses and social immunity of honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanine Almasri
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | | | - Marie Diogon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maryline Pioz
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Maryam Alamil
- INRAE, UR Biostatistiques et Processus Spatiaux, F-84914 Avignon, France
| | - Déborah Sené
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Sylvie Tchamitchian
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Marianne Cousin
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Brunet
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Luc P Belzunces
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France.
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21
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Battisti L, Potrich M, Sampaio AR, de Castilhos Ghisi N, Costa-Maia FM, Abati R, Dos Reis Martinez CB, Sofia SH. Is glyphosate toxic to bees? A meta-analytical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:145397. [PMID: 33636765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is an herbicide widely used in agriculture. First considered as non-toxic or slightly toxic to bees, GLY and its different formulations have shown, more recently, to affect negatively the survival, development and behavior of these insects, even when used in doses and concentrations recommended by the manufacturer. Thus, the results of research on the toxicity of GLY to bees are often conflicting, which makes a meta-analysis interesting for data integration, generating a statistically reliable result. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the GLY effects on mortality of bees through a meta-analysis. For this, a search was carried out in the databases Web of Science, CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - Brazil), Scopus, and PubMed. Papers that evaluated the effect of GLY on bee mortality published between 1945 and October 2020, were considered. After obtaining the data, R software was used to perform the meta-analytical tests. Sixteen papers on mortality were selected with 34 data sets. Most of the sets demonstrated differences between the control and experimental groups, showing that the treatments with GLY caused higher mortality of bees. The results considering the methodology used (ingestion or contact), the phase of the biological cycle (adults or larvae), and the dose (ecologically relevant dose and recommended by the manufacturer) were different when compared with their respective control groups. Therefore, GLY can be considered toxic to bees. It is important to emphasize that this meta-analysis identified that papers assessing the toxicity of GLY to bees are still scarce, for both lethal and sublethal effects, mainly for stingless and solitary bee species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Battisti
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 km 380, Campus Universitário, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Michele Potrich
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, UTFPR, Campus Dois Vizinhos, LABCON, Estrada para Boa Esperança, km 04, Comunidade São Cristóvão, 86660-000 Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Roberta Sampaio
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, UTFPR, Campus Dois Vizinhos, LABCON, Estrada para Boa Esperança, km 04, Comunidade São Cristóvão, 86660-000 Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil
| | - Nédia de Castilhos Ghisi
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, UTFPR, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Estrada para Boa Esperança, km 04, Comunidade São Cristóvão, 86660-000 Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Martins Costa-Maia
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, UFTPR, Campus Dois Vizinhos, UNEPE Apicultura, Estrada para Boa Esperança, km 04, Comunidade São Cristóvão, 86660-000 Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil
| | - Raiza Abati
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, UTFPR, Campus Dois Vizinhos, LABCON, Estrada para Boa Esperança, km 04, Comunidade São Cristóvão, 86660-000 Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil
| | - Claudia Bueno Dos Reis Martinez
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 km 380, Campus Universitário, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Silvia Helena Sofia
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 km 380, Campus Universitário, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
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22
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McCune F, Samson-Robert O, Rondeau S, Chagnon M, Fournier V. Supplying honey bees with waterers: a precautionary measure to reduce exposure to pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:17573-17586. [PMID: 33403629 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water is essential for honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), but contaminated sources of water in agricultural environments represent a risk of exposure to potentially harmful contaminants. Providing clean water to honey bees could be an efficient and cost-effective measure for beekeepers to reduce bee mortality associated with pesticides and improve the health of their colonies. The main goal of this study was to design a waterer prototype to fulfill the water requirements of honey bees and to evaluate the potential of this waterer in improving colonies' health in agricultural settings, through mitigating the possible impact of an exposure to pesticides from puddle water. We tested the preference of honey bees regarding water composition and waterer prototypes, among which honey bees showed a strong preference for salted water and a poultry-type waterer. Our waterer models were quickly adopted and intensively used through the season in both the context of honey production in field crops and pollination services in cranberry crops. However, in neither context did the use of waterers reduce worker mortality nor increase overall colony weight. Our waterers provided bees with water containing fewer pesticides and were associated with reduced risks of drowning compared to natural sources of water. Our study suggests that the use of waterers fulfills an important requirement for honey bees and represents an interesting and convenient precautionary measure for beekeepers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric McCune
- Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, QC, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Olivier Samson-Robert
- Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, QC, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sabrina Rondeau
- Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, QC, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, N1G 2 W1, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Madeleine Chagnon
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Valérie Fournier
- Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les végétaux, Université Laval, QC, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Araújo RDS, Bernardes RC, Martins GF. A mixture containing the herbicides Mesotrione and Atrazine imposes toxicological risks on workers of Partamona helleri. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:142980. [PMID: 33121769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A mixture of Mesotrione and Atrazine (Calaris®) has been reported as an improvement of the atrazine herbicides, which are agrochemicals used for weed control. However, its possible harmful effects on non-target organisms, including pollinators, needs to be better understood. In this work, the effects of the mix of herbicides on food consumption, behaviour (walking distance, and meandering), and the morphology of the midgut of the stingless bee Partamona helleri were studied. Foragers were orally exposed to different concentrations of the mix. The concentrations leading to 10% and 50% mortality (LC10 and LC50, respectively) were estimated and used in the analysis of behaviour and morphology. The ingestion of contaminated diets (50% aqueous sucrose solution + mix) led to a reduction in food consumption by the bees when compared to the control, bees fed a non-contaminated diet (sucrose solution). Ingestion of the LC50 diet reduced locomotor activity, increased meandering, induced the degradation of the epithelium and peritrophic matrix, and also changed the number of cells positive for signalling-pathway proteins in the midgut. These results show the potential toxicological effects and environmental impacts of the mix of herbicides in beneficial insects, including a native bee.
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24
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Evaluating the Impact of Post-Emergence Weed Control in Honeybee Colonies Located in Different Agricultural Surroundings. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020163. [PMID: 33672824 PMCID: PMC7918372 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The honeybee Apis mellifera is exposed to agricultural intensification, which leads to an improved reliance upon pesticide use and the reduction of floral diversity. In the present study, we assess the changes in the colony activity and the expression profile of genes involved in xenobiotic detoxification in larvae and adult honeybees from three apiaries located in agricultural environments that differ in their proportion of the crop/wild flora. We evaluated these variables before and after the administration of a mixture of three herbicides during the summer season. The expression of several cytochrome P450 monooxygenases decreased significantly in larvae after post-emergence weed control and showed significant differences between apiaries in the case of honeybee workers. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that colonies located in the plot near to a wetland area exhibited a different relative gene expression profile after herbicide application compared with the other plots. Moreover, we found significant positive correlations between pollen collection and the pesticide detoxification genes that discriminated between plots in the PCA. Our results suggest that nutrition may modify herbicide impact on honeybees and that larvae are more harmed than adults in agroecosystems, a factor that will alter the colonies' population growth at the end of the blooming period.
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25
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Review on Sublethal Effects of Environmental Contaminants in Honey Bees ( Apis mellifera), Knowledge Gaps and Future Perspectives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041863. [PMID: 33672936 PMCID: PMC7918799 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Honey bees and the pollination services they provide are fundamental for agriculture and biodiversity. Agrochemical products and other classes of contaminants, such as trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, contribute to the general decline of bees' populations. For this reason, effects, and particularly sublethal effects of contaminants need to be investigated. We conducted a review of the existing literature regarding the type of effects evaluated in Apis mellifera, collecting information about regions, methodological approaches, the type of contaminants, and honey bees' life stages. Europe and North America are the regions in which A. mellifera biological responses were mostly studied and the most investigated compounds are insecticides. A. mellifera was studied more in the laboratory than in field conditions. Through the observation of the different responses examined, we found that there were several knowledge gaps that should be addressed, particularly within enzymatic and molecular responses, such as those regarding the immune system and genotoxicity. The importance of developing an integrated approach that combines responses at different levels, from molecular to organism and population, needs to be highlighted in order to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic contamination on this pollinator species.
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26
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Machado MD, Soares EV. Exposure of the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata to environmentally relevant concentrations of the herbicide metolachlor: Impact on the redox homeostasis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111264. [PMID: 32911184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the herbicide metolachlor (MET) on the redox homeostasis of the freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. At low MET concentrations (≤40 μg L-1), no effects on algal cells were detected. The exposure of P. subcapitata to 45-235 μg L-1 MET induced a significant increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The intracellular levels of ROS were particularly increased at high (115 and 235 μg L-1) but environmentally relevant MET concentrations. The exposure of algal cells to 115 and 235 μg L-1 MET originated a decrease in the levels of antioxidants molecules (reduced glutathione and carotenoids) as well as a reduction of the activity of scavenging enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase). These results suggest that antioxidant (non-enzymatic and enzymatic) defenses were affected by the excess of MET. As consequence of this imbalance (ROS overproduction and decline of the antioxidant system), ROS inflicted oxidative injury with lipid peroxidation and damage of cell membrane integrity. The results provide further insights about the toxic modes of action of MET on a non-target organism and emphasize the relevance of toxicological studies in the assessment of the impact of herbicides in freshwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela D Machado
- Bioengineering Laboratory-CIET, ISEP-School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal; CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo V Soares
- Bioengineering Laboratory-CIET, ISEP-School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal; CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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27
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Zioga E, Kelly R, White B, Stout JC. Plant protection product residues in plant pollen and nectar: A review of current knowledge. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109873. [PMID: 32795671 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to Plant Protection Products, PPPs, (fungicides, herbicides and insecticides) is a significant stressor for bees and other pollinators, and has recently been the focus of intensive debate and research. Specifically, exposure through contaminated pollen and nectar is considered pivotal, as it presents the highest risk of PPP exposure across all bee species. However, the actual risk that multiple PPP residues might pose to non-target species is difficult to assess due to the lack of clear evidence of their actual concentrations. To consolidate the existing knowledge of field-realistic residues detected in pollen and nectar directly collected from plants, we performed a systematic literature review of studies over the past 50 years (1968-2018). We found that pollen was the matrix most frequently evaluated and, of the compounds investigated, the majority were detected in pollen samples. Although the overall most studied category of PPPs were the neonicotinoid insecticides, the compounds with the highest median concentrations of residues in pollen were: the broad spectrum carbamate carbofuran (1400 ng/g), the fungicide and nematicide iprodione (524 ng/g), and the organophosphate insecticide dimethoate (500 ng/g). In nectar, the highest median concentration of PPP residues detected were dimethoate (1595 ng/g), chlorothalonil (76 ng/g), and the insecticide phorate (53.5 ng/g). Strong positive correlation was observed between neonicotinoid residues in pollen and nectar of cultivated plant species. The maximum concentrations of several compounds detected in nectar and pollen were estimated to exceed the LD50s for honey bees, bumble bees and four solitary bee species, by several orders of magnitude. However, there is a paucity of information for the biggest part of the world and there is an urgent need to expand the range of compounds evaluated in PPP studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zioga
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Ruth Kelly
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, 18a Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Blánaid White
- School of Chemical Sciences, DCU Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jane C Stout
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Impact of Glyphosate on the Honey Bee Gut Microbiota: Effects of Intensity, Duration, and Timing of Exposure. mSystems 2020; 5:5/4/e00268-20. [PMID: 32723788 PMCID: PMC7394351 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00268-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to anthropogenic chemicals may indirectly compromise animal health by perturbing the gut microbiota. For example, the widely used herbicide glyphosate can affect the microbiota of honey bees, reducing the abundance of beneficial bacterial species that contribute to immune regulation and pathogen resistance. Previous studies have not addressed how this impact depends on concentration, duration of exposure, or stage of microbiota establishment. Worker bees acquire their microbiota from nestmates early in adult life, when they can also be exposed to chemicals collected by foragers or added to the hives. Here, we investigated how the gut microbiota of honey bees is affected by different concentrations of glyphosate and compared the effects with those caused by tylosin, an antibiotic commonly used to treat hives. We treated newly emerged workers at the stage at which they acquire the microbiota and also workers with established gut microbiota. Treatments consisted of exposure to sucrose syrup containing glyphosate in concentrations ranging from 0.01 mM to 1.0 mM or tylosin at 0.1 mM. Based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) determination of abundances, glyphosate perturbed the gut microbiota of honey bees regardless of age or period of exposure. Snodgrassella alvi was the most affected bacterial species and responded to glyphosate in a dose-dependent way. Tylosin also perturbed the microbiota, especially at the stage of acquisition, and the effects differed sharply from the effects of glyphosate. These findings show that sublethal doses of glyphosate (0.04 to 1.0 mM) and tylosin (0.1 mM) affect the microbiota of honey bees.IMPORTANCE As is true of many animal species, honey bees depend on their gut microbiota for health. The bee gut microbiota has been shown to regulate the host immune system and to protect against pathogenic diseases, and disruption of the normal microbiota leads to increased mortality. Understanding these effects can give broad insights into vulnerabilities of gut communities, and, in the case of honey bees, could provide information useful for promoting the health of these economically critical insects, which provide us with crop pollination services as well as honey and other products. The bee gut microbiota is acquired early in adult life and can be compromised by antibiotics and other chemicals. The globally used weed killer glyphosate was previously found to impact the gut microbiota of honey bees following sustained exposure. In the present study, we address how this impact depends on concentration, duration of exposure, and stage of community establishment. We found that sublethal doses of glyphosate reduce the abundance of beneficial bacteria and affect microbial diversity in the guts of honey bees, regardless of whether exposure occurs during or after microbiota acquisition. We also compared the effects of glyphosate to those of tylosin, an antibiotic used in beekeeping, and observed that tylosin effects diverge from those caused by glyphosate and are greater during microbiota acquisition. Such perturbations are not immediately lethal to bees but, depending on exposure level, can decrease survivorship under laboratory conditions.
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29
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Vázquez DE, Balbuena MS, Chaves F, Gora J, Menzel R, Farina WM. Sleep in honey bees is affected by the herbicide glyphosate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10516. [PMID: 32601296 PMCID: PMC7324403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep plays an essential role in both neural and energetic homeostasis of animals. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) manifest the sleep state as a reduction in muscle tone and antennal movements, which is susceptible to physical or chemical disturbances. This social insect is one of the most important pollinators in agricultural ecosystems, being exposed to a great variety of agrochemicals, which might affect its sleep behaviour. The intake of glyphosate (GLY), the herbicide most widely used worldwide, impairs learning, gustatory responsiveness and navigation in honey bees. In general, these cognitive abilities are linked with the amount and quality of sleep. Furthermore, it has been reported that animals exposed to sleep disturbances show impairments in both metabolism and memory consolidation. Consequently, we assessed the sleep pattern of bees fed with a sugar solution containing GLY (0, 25, 50 and 100 ng) by quantifying their antennal activity during the scotophase. We found that the ingestion of 50 ng of GLY decreased both antennal activity and sleep bout frequency. This sleep deepening after GLY intake could be explained as a consequence of the regenerative function of sleep and the metabolic stress induced by the herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Sol Balbuena
- Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fidel Chaves
- Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jacob Gora
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Randolf Menzel
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Walter M Farina
- Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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30
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Vázquez DE, Latorre-Estivalis JM, Ons S, Farina WM. Chronic exposure to glyphosate induces transcriptional changes in honey bee larva: A toxicogenomic study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114148. [PMID: 32062465 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The honey bee Apis mellifera is the most abundant managed pollinator in diverse crops worldwide. Consequently, it is exposed to a plethora of environmental stressors, among which are the agrochemicals. In agroecosystems, the herbicide glyphosate (GLY) is one of the most applied. In laboratory assessments, GLY affects the honey bee larval development by delaying its moulting, among other negative effects. However, it is still unknown how GLY affects larval physiology when there are no observable signs of toxicity. We carried out a longitudinal experimental design using the in vitro rearing procedure. Larvae were fed with food containing or not a sub-lethal dose of GLY in chronic exposure (120 h). Individuals without observable signs of toxicity were sampled and their gene expression profile was analyzed with a transcriptomic approach to compare between treatments. Even though 29% of larvae were asymptomatic in the exposed group, they showed transcriptional changes in several genes after the GLY chronic intake. A total of 19 transcripts were found to be differentially expressed in the RNA-Seq experiment, mainly linked with defensive response and intermediary metabolism processes. Furthermore, the enriched functional categories in the transcriptome of the exposed asymptomatic larvae were linked with enzymes with catalytic and redox activity. Our results suggest an enhanced catabolism and oxidative metabolism in honey bee larvae as a consequence of the sub-lethal exposure to GLY, even in the absence of observable symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E Vázquez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José M Latorre-Estivalis
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos, Laboratorio de Neurobiología de Insectos, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sheila Ons
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos, Laboratorio de Neurobiología de Insectos, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Walter M Farina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Harwood GP, Dolezal AG. Pesticide-Virus Interactions in Honey Bees: Challenges and Opportunities for Understanding Drivers of Bee Declines. Viruses 2020; 12:E566. [PMID: 32455815 PMCID: PMC7291294 DOI: 10.3390/v12050566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey bees are key agricultural pollinators, but beekeepers continually suffer high annual colony losses owing to a number of environmental stressors, including inadequate nutrition, pressures from parasites and pathogens, and exposure to a wide variety of pesticides. In this review, we examine how two such stressors, pesticides and viruses, may interact in additive or synergistic ways to affect honey bee health. Despite what appears to be a straightforward comparison, there is a dearth of studies examining this issue likely owing to the complexity of such interactions. Such complexities include the wide array of pesticide chemical classes with different modes of actions, the coupling of many bee viruses with ectoparasitic Varroa mites, and the intricate social structure of honey bee colonies. Together, these issues pose a challenge to researchers examining the effects pesticide-virus interactions at both the individual and colony level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan P. Harwood
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
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Mackelprang R, Lemaux PG. Genetic Engineering and Editing of Plants: An Analysis of New and Persisting Questions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 71:659-687. [PMID: 32023090 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-081519-035916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineering is a molecular biology technique that enables a gene or genes to be inserted into a plant's genome. The first genetically engineered plants were grown commercially in 1996, and the most common genetically engineered traits are herbicide and insect resistance. Questions and concerns have been raised about the effects of these traits on the environment and human health, many of which are addressed in a pair of 2008 and 2009 Annual Review of Plant Biology articles. As new science is published and new techniques like genome editing emerge, reanalysis of some of these issues, and a look at emerging issues, is warranted. Herein, an analysis of relevant scientific literature is used to present a scientific perspective on selected topics related to genetic engineering and genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mackelprang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, USA;
| | - Peggy G Lemaux
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, USA;
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El Agrebi N, Tosi S, Wilmart O, Scippo ML, de Graaf DC, Saegerman C. Honeybee and consumer's exposure and risk characterisation to glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) and its degradation product (AMPA): Residues in beebread, wax, and honey. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135312. [PMID: 31780165 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to assess bee and human exposure to residues of glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) and its main degradation products aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and to characterise the risk posed by these substances, we analysed 3 different bee matrices; beebread (N = 81), wax (N = 100) and 10-paired samples of wax/honey collected in 2016/2017 from 379 Belgian apiaries. A high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS-MS) was used as analytical method. Limit of quantification and detection (LOQ and LOD) for GBH residues and AMPA in the 3 matrices was respectively of 10 ng g-1 and 1 ng g-1. In beebread, 81.5% of the samples showed a residue concentration > LOQ and 9.9% of the samples a residue concentration < LOQ (detection without quantification); no significant difference in detection rate was found between the north and the south of the country. Glyphosate was detected in beeswax less frequently than in beebread (i.e. 26% >LOQ versus 81.5% >LOQ). The maximum GBH residues and AMPA concentration found in beebread (respectively 700 ng g-1 and 250 ng g-1) led to sub-lethal exposure to bees. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) for beebread and beeswax (7 and 3.2, respectively) were far below the "safety" oral and contact thresholds for bees. For human health, the highest exposure to GBH residues in pollen corresponded to 0.312% and 0.187% of the ADI and of the ARfD respectively and, to 0.002% and to 0.001% for beeswax. No transfer of glyphosate from wax to honey was detected. Considering our results and the available regulatory data on the glyphosate molecule considered solely, not including the adjuvants in GBH formulation, the consumption of these three contaminated matrices would not be a food safety issue. Nonetheless, caution should be taken in the interpretation of the results as new studies indicate possible glyphosate/GBH residues toxicity below regulatory limits and at chronic sub-lethal doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëmie El Agrebi
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 7A, B42, 4000 Liège (Sart-Tilman), Belgium
| | - Simone Tosi
- Epidemiology Unit, European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Honeybee Health, University Paris Est, ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety) Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France; Entomology Department, University of Maryland, USA
| | - Olivier Wilmart
- Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain (FASFC), Directorate Control Policy, Staff Direction for Risk Assessment, Boulevard du Jardin Botanique 55, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Louise Scippo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Science, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dirk C de Graaf
- Faculty of Sciences, Honeybee Valley, Ghent University (UGent), Krijgslaan 281 S33, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Entomology and Bee Pathology, Ghent University (UGent), Krijgslaan 281 S2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 7A, B42, 4000 Liège (Sart-Tilman), Belgium.
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Abstract
Vespa velutina, or Asian yellow-legged hornet, was accidentally introduced from China to other parts of the world: South Korea in 2003, Europe in 2004, and Japan in 2012. V. velutina represents a serious threat to native pollinators. It is known to be a fierce predator of honey bees, but can also hunt wild bees, native wasps, and other flying insects. When V. velutina colonies are developed, many hornets capture foraging bees which are coming back to their hives, causing an increase in homing failure and paralysis of foraging thus leading to colony collapse. The hornets may enter weak beehives to prey on brood and pillage honey. Unlike Apis cerana, Apis mellifera is unable to cope with the predation pressure of V. velutina. Monitoring the spread of an invasive alien species is crucial to plan appropriate management actions and activities to limit the expansion of the species. In addition, an early detection of V. velutina in areas far away from the expansion front allows a rapid response aimed to remove these isolated populations before the settlement of the species. Where V. velutina is now established, control measures to prevent colony losses must be implemented with an integrated pest management approach.
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Leza M, Herrera C, Marques A, Roca P, Sastre-Serra J, Pons DG. The impact of the invasive species Vespa velutina on honeybees: A new approach based on oxidative stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:709-715. [PMID: 31280152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Honeybees have an essential role in ecosystems pollinating wild flowers and cultivated crops, representing an important cultural and economic benefit for humans. Honeybee populations are decreasing over the last decade, due to multifactorial causes. The aim of this field study was to investigate the effects of the presence of the invasive species Vespa velutina, a bee predator, in oxidative stress parameters of honeybee workers. To achieve this objective, positive or negative apiaries for the presence of the V. velutina were selected. Five honeybees from six hives of each apiary were sampled in spring, summer and autumn, analysing a total of 233 samples. Analysis of mRNA expression of oxidative stress-related genes, catalase enzymatic activity and lipid peroxidation were performed. An increase in sod2, tpx3, trxR1, gtpx1, gstS1, coxI, cytC and if2mt genes expression, as well as a raise in catalase activity and lipid peroxidation were observed in V. velutina positive samples. Thus, here we present a new methodology to analyze the impact of the predation pressure of the invasive species V. velutina on honeybees under field conditions. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study indicate the negative impact of the presence of the yellow-legged hornet on honeybees' health and the activation of their antioxidant system to protect them against this biotic stressor. Moreover, the redox status they present could increase the susceptibility of honeybees, essential insects that currently receive many inputs of different stresses, to another stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leza
- Department of Biology (Zoology), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - C Herrera
- Department of Biology (Zoology), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - A Marques
- Department of Biology (Zoology), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - P Roca
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Illes Balears, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, Palma de Mallorca E-07120, Illes Balears, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Sastre-Serra
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Illes Balears, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, Palma de Mallorca E-07120, Illes Balears, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - D G Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Illes Balears, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, Palma de Mallorca E-07120, Illes Balears, Spain
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Farina WM, Balbuena MS, Herbert LT, Mengoni Goñalons C, Vázquez DE. Effects of the Herbicide Glyphosate on Honey Bee Sensory and Cognitive Abilities: Individual Impairments with Implications for the Hive. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10100354. [PMID: 31635293 PMCID: PMC6835870 DOI: 10.3390/insects10100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The honeybee Apis mellifera is an important pollinator in both undisturbed and agricultural ecosystems. Its great versatility as an experimental model makes it an excellent proxy to evaluate the environmental impact of agrochemicals using current methodologies and procedures in environmental toxicology. The increase in agrochemical use, including those that do not target insects directly, can have deleterious effects if carried out indiscriminately. This seems to be the case of the herbicide glyphosate (GLY), the most widely used agrochemical worldwide. Its presence in honey has been reported in samples obtained from different environments. Hence, to understand its current and potential risks for this pollinator it has become essential to not only study the effects on honeybee colonies located in agricultural settings, but also its effects under laboratory conditions. Subtle deleterious effects can be detected using experimental approaches. GLY negatively affects associative learning processes of foragers, cognitive and sensory abilities of young hive bees and promotes delays in brood development. An integrated approach that considers behavior, physiology, and development allows not only to determine the effects of this agrochemical on this eusocial insect from an experimental perspective, but also to infer putative effects in disturbed environments where it is omnipresent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter M Farina
- Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
- Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Instituto de Fisiología, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
| | - M Sol Balbuena
- Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
- Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Instituto de Fisiología, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
| | - Lucila T Herbert
- Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
- Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Instituto de Fisiología, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
| | - Carolina Mengoni Goñalons
- Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
- Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Instituto de Fisiología, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
| | - Diego E Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
- Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Instituto de Fisiología, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
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Paquet-Walsh A, Bertolo A, Landry C, Deschamps L, Boily M. Interactive effects of neonicotinoids and natural ultraviolet radiation on yellow perch (Perca flavescens) larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 685:690-701. [PMID: 31203163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NEOCs) are insecticides that are widely used worldwide in the culture of maize and soya. Whereas they specifically target terrestrial insects by acting as agonists of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in their nervous system, their effects on the cholinergic system of vertebrates is still unclear. Moreover, there is an increasing concern about their effects on aquatic biota because of their high leaching potential. In the agricultural watershed of Lake St. Pierre (LSP) (St. Lawrence River System, Québec, Canada), for example, NEOC concentrations considered toxic for aquatic biota (>8.3 ng L-1) have frequently been detected. These conditions may affect the yellow perch (Perca flavescens) population in LSP, which collapsed in the mid 1990s and is now experiencing poor recruitment. Moreover, because their larvae are found in shallow waters (<80 cm) near agricultural land, they are also exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), with unknown potential interactions with NEOCs. The objective of this study was to test the synergistic effects of two commonly used NEOCs (imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) with natural UVR on yellow perch larvae using survival analysis and biomarkers to better quantify lethal and sublethal effects. Three common garden experiments were conducted with thiamethoxam and/or imidacloprid and natural UVR following a factorial design. Our results showed an interaction between UVR and thiamethoxam in terms of larval mortality. At the sublethal level, imidacloprid was associated with increased protein content and, in the presence of UVR, with increased acetylcholinesterase activity, thus indicating a cholinergic perturbation like that found in insects. Finally, we also found unexpected reduced lipid peroxidation associated with imidacloprid. A reduction in the overall lipid accumulation is suspected to be behind this puzzling result. These results will open new research avenues related to the effects of NEOCs on proteins and lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Paquet-Walsh
- Centre de recherche sur les interactions bassins versants - écosystèmes aquatiques (RIVE) and Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Andrea Bertolo
- Centre de recherche sur les interactions bassins versants - écosystèmes aquatiques (RIVE) and Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Catherine Landry
- Groupe de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN) and Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Lucas Deschamps
- Centre de recherche sur les interactions bassins versants - écosystèmes aquatiques (RIVE) and Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul. des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Monique Boily
- Groupe de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN) and Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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Schweizer M, Brilisauer K, Triebskorn R, Forchhammer K, Köhler HR. How glyphosate and its associated acidity affect early development in zebrafish ( Danio rerio). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7094. [PMID: 31249735 PMCID: PMC6589083 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate is among the most extensively used pesticides worldwide. Following the ongoing highly controversial debate on this compound, its potential impact on non-target organisms is a fundamental scientific issue. In its pure compound form, glyphosate is known for its acidic properties. METHODS We exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to concentrations between 10 μM and 10 mM glyphosate in an unbuffered aqueous medium, as well as at pH 7, for 96 hours post fertilization (hpf). Furthermore, we investigated the effects of aqueous media in the range of pH 3 to 8, in comparison with 1 mM glyphosate treatment at the respective pH levels. Additionally, we exposed zebrafish to 7-deoxy-sedoheptulose (7dSh), another substance that interferes with the shikimate pathway by a mechanism analogous to that of glyphosate, at a concentration of one mM. The observed endpoints included mortality, the hatching rate, developmental delays at 24 hpf, the heart rate at 48 hpf and the malformation rate at 96 hpf. LC10/50, EC10 and, if reasonable, EC50 values were determined for unbuffered glyphosate. RESULTS The results revealed high mortalities in all treatments associated with low pH, including high concentrations of unbuffered glyphosate (>500 μM), low pH controls and glyphosate treatments with pH < 3.4. Sublethal endpoints like developmental delays and malformations occurred mainly at higher concentrations of unbuffered glyphosate. In contrast, effects on the hatching rate became particularly prominent in treatments at pH 7, showing that glyphosate significantly accelerates hatching compared with the control and 7dSh, even at the lowest tested concentration. Glyphosate also affected the heart rate, resulting in alterations both at pH 7 and, even more pronounced, in the unbuffered system. In higher concentrations, glyphosate tended to accelerate the heart rate in zebrafish embryos, again, when not masked by the decelerating influence of its low pH. At pH > 4, no mortality occurred, neither in the control nor in glyphosate treatments. At 1 mM, 7dSh did not induce any mortality, developmental delays or malformations; only slightly accelerated hatching and a decelerated heart rate were observed. Our results demonstrate that lethal impacts in zebrafish embryos can be attributed mainly to low pH, but we could also show a pH-independent effect of glyphosate on the development of zebrafish embryos on a sublethal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Schweizer
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Animal Physiological Ecology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Brilisauer
- Microbiology, Organismic Interactions, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rita Triebskorn
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Animal Physiological Ecology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Steinbeis Transfer-Center for Ecotoxicology and Ecophysiology, Rottenburg am Neckar, Germany
| | - Karl Forchhammer
- Microbiology, Organismic Interactions, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heinz-R. Köhler
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Animal Physiological Ecology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Sponsler DB, Grozinger CM, Hitaj C, Rundlöf M, Botías C, Code A, Lonsdorf EV, Melathopoulos AP, Smith DJ, Suryanarayanan S, Thogmartin WE, Williams NM, Zhang M, Douglas MR. Pesticides and pollinators: A socioecological synthesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 662:1012-1027. [PMID: 30738602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between pesticides and pollinators, while attracting no shortage of attention from scientists, regulators, and the public, has proven resistant to scientific synthesis and fractious in matters of policy and public opinion. This is in part because the issue has been approached in a compartmentalized and intradisciplinary way, such that evaluations of organismal pesticide effects remain largely disjoint from their upstream drivers and downstream consequences. Here, we present a socioecological framework designed to synthesize the pesticide-pollinator system and inform future scholarship and action. Our framework consists of three interlocking domains-pesticide use, pesticide exposure, and pesticide effects-each consisting of causally linked patterns, processes, and states. We elaborate each of these domains and their linkages, reviewing relevant literature and providing empirical case studies. We then propose guidelines for future pesticide-pollinator scholarship and action agenda aimed at strengthening knowledge in neglected domains and integrating knowledge across domains to provide decision support for stakeholders and policymakers. Specifically, we emphasize (1) stakeholder engagement, (2) mechanistic study of pesticide exposure, (3) understanding the propagation of pesticide effects across levels of organization, and (4) full-cost accounting of the externalities of pesticide use and regulation. Addressing these items will require transdisciplinary collaborations within and beyond the scientific community, including the expertise of farmers, agrochemical developers, and policymakers in an extended peer community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Sponsler
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, USA.
| | - Christina M Grozinger
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, USA
| | - Claudia Hitaj
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Lund University, Department of Biology, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; University of California, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cristina Botías
- Laboratorio de Patología Apícola, Centro de Investigación Apícola y Agroambiental, IRIAF, Consejería de Agricultura de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, 19180 Marchamalo, Spain
| | - Aimee Code
- Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, USA
| | | | | | - David J Smith
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Sainath Suryanarayanan
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Population Health Institute, Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wayne E Thogmartin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI 54603, USA
| | - Neal M Williams
- University of California, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Margaret R Douglas
- Dickinson College, Department of Environmental Studies & Environmental Science, Carlisle, PA 17013, USA
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Blot N, Veillat L, Rouzé R, Delatte H. Glyphosate, but not its metabolite AMPA, alters the honeybee gut microbiota. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215466. [PMID: 30990837 PMCID: PMC6467416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The honeybee (Apis mellifera) has to cope with multiple environmental stressors, especially pesticides. Among those, the herbicide glyphosate and its main metabolite, the aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), are among the most abundant and ubiquitous contaminant in the environment. Through the foraging and storing of contaminated resources, honeybees are exposed to these xenobiotics. As ingested glyphosate and AMPA are directly in contact with the honeybee gut microbiota, we used quantitative PCR to test whether they could induce significant changes in the relative abundance of the major gut bacterial taxa. Glyphosate induced a strong decrease in Snodgrassella alvi, a partial decrease of a Gilliamella apicola and an increase in Lactobacillus spp. abundances. In vitro, glyphosate reduced the growth of S. alvi and G. apicola but not Lactobacillus kunkeei. Although being no bee killer, we confirmed that glyphosate can have sublethal effects on the honeybee microbiota. To test whether such imbalanced microbiota could favor pathogen development, honeybees were exposed to glyphosate and to spores of the intestinal parasite Nosema ceranae. Glyphosate did not significantly enhance the effect of the parasite infection. Concerning AMPA, while it could reduce the growth of G. apicola in vitro, it did not induce any significant change in the honeybee microbiota, suggesting that glyphosate is the active component modifying the gut communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Blot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire "Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement", Clermont–Ferrand, France
| | - Loïs Veillat
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire "Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement", Clermont–Ferrand, France
| | - Régis Rouzé
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire "Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement", Clermont–Ferrand, France
| | - Hélène Delatte
- CIRAD, UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bio-agresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Pôle de Protection des Plantes, Saint-Pierre, France
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Honey Bee Exposure to Pesticides: A Four-Year Nationwide Study. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10010013. [PMID: 30626027 PMCID: PMC6359572 DOI: 10.3390/insects10010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pollinators, including honey bees, are responsible for the successful reproduction of more than 87% of flowering plant species: they are thus vital to ecosystem health and agricultural services world-wide. To investigate honey bee exposure to pesticides, 168 pollen samples and 142 wax comb samples were collected from colonies within six stationary apiaries in six U.S. states. These samples were analyzed for evidence of pesticides. Samples were taken bi-weekly when each colony was active. Each apiary included thirty colonies, of which five randomly chosen colonies in each apiary were sampled for pollen. The pollen samples were separately pooled by apiary. There were a total of 714 detections in the collected pollen and 1008 detections in collected wax. A total of 91 different compounds were detected: of these, 79 different pesticides and metabolites were observed in the pollen and 56 were observed in the wax. In all years, insecticides were detected more frequently than were fungicides or herbicides: one third of the detected pesticides were found only in pollen. The mean (standard deviation (SD)) number of detections per pooled pollen sample varied by location from 1.1 (1.1) to 8.7 (2.1). Ten different modes of action were found across all four years and nine additional modes of action occurred in only one year. If synergy in toxicological response is a function of simultaneous occurrence of multiple distinct modes of action, then a high frequency of potential synergies was found in pollen and wax-comb samples. Because only pooled pollen samples were obtained from each apiary, and these from only five colonies per apiary per year, more data are needed to adequately evaluate the differences in pesticide exposure risk to honey bees among colonies in the same apiary and by year and location.
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Rainio MJ, Margus A, Lehmann P, Helander M, Lindström L. Effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide on survival and oxidative status of a non-target herbivore, the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 215:47-55. [PMID: 30316832 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the globally most used herbicide against a wide range of weeds. Glyphosate has been considered safe to animals as it mainly targets physiological pathways in plants. However, recent toxicological studies have revealed that glyphosate can cause various toxic effects also on animals. In this study, we investigated the direct toxic effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH, Roundup® Bio) on 1) survival and 2) oxidative status of a non-target herbivore by using Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), originating from Poland and USA, as model species. Larvae were randomly divided into three groups: 1) high concentration (100% Roundup Bio, 360 g/l), 2) low concentration (1.5% Roundup Bio) and 3) control group (water). Larvae were exposed to Roundup for different time periods: 2 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h. Larval survival decreased in the group treated with high concentration of GBH compared to controls, whereas the low concentration group did not differ from the control group. GBH treatment had no association with oxidative status biomarkers (i.e. catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione and glutathione related enzymes), but increased lipid hydroperoxide levels after 2 h exposure, suggesting increased oxidative damage soon after the exposure. Larvae of different origin also differed in their oxidative status, indicating population-dependent differences in antioxidant defence system. Environmentally relevant concentrations of GBH are not likely to affect larval survival, but high concentrations can reduce survival and increase oxidative damage of non-target herbivores. Also, populations of different origin and pesticide usage history can differ in their tolerance to GBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miia J Rainio
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Aigi Margus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Philipp Lehmann
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Zoology, University of Stockholm, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marjo Helander
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Leena Lindström
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Gauthier M, Aras P, Paquin J, Boily M. Chronic exposure to imidacloprid or thiamethoxam neonicotinoid causes oxidative damages and alters carotenoid-retinoid levels in caged honey bees (Apis mellifera). Sci Rep 2018; 8:16274. [PMID: 30390008 PMCID: PMC6214897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the persistent dwindling of the populations of honey bees has become a growing concern. While this phenomenon is partly attributed to neonicotinoids (NEOCs), chronic exposures to these insecticides at environmentally-relevant concentrations are needed to fully estimate their implications. In this study, honey bees were orally exposed for 10 days to low field-realistic concentrations of NEOCs known for their effects on the cholinergic system (imidacloprid – IMI or thiamethoxam – THM). Selected biomarkers were measured such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), α-tocopherol as well as several forms of vitamin A (retinoids) and carotenoids. Bees exposed to IMI showed lower levels of two carotenoids (α-carotene and α-cryptoxanthin) and α-tocopherol. The THM exposure increased the oxidized vitamin A metabolites in bees conjointly with the LPO. These results could be the consequence of a pro-oxidant effect of NEOCs and were observed at levels where no effects were recorded for AChE activity. This study reveals that exposure to low levels of NEOCs alters the carotenoid-retinoid system in honey bees. This would merit further investigation as these compounds are important in various aspects of bees’ health. Overall, this study contributes to the development of biomonitoring tools for the health of bees and other pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauthier
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Philippe Aras
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Joanne Paquin
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Monique Boily
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Faita MR, Oliveira EDM, Alves VV, Orth AI, Nodari RO. Changes in hypopharyngeal glands of nurse bees (Apis mellifera) induced by pollen-containing sublethal doses of the herbicide Roundup ®. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:566-572. [PMID: 30092537 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Decreasing pollinator populations worldwide has generated great concern and stimulated countless studies to understand the origin of colony losses. One main cause is the indiscriminate use of different pesticides, producing subtle negative effects on bee physiology and behavior. Royal jelly synthesized in the hypopharyngeal glands is an essential protein for feeding all individuals of the hive, especially the queen. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of sublethal concentrations of Roundup® on the hypopharyngeal glands of nursing workers, including its interference with the production of royal jelly. The herbicide was found to promote changes in the cellular ultrastructure of these glands, causing early degeneration of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and morphological and structural changes in the mitochondria. No changes were noted in the amount of royal jelly produced, but additional long-term studies are necessary to determine possible qualitative changes. This is the first study to evaluate the effect of Roundup® on the royal jelly-producing glands, showing that resultant alterations in these structures can trigger damage to the development and survival of bee colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Regina Faita
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais - PPGRGV, Centro de Ciências Agrárias - CCA, Rodovia Admar Gonzaga, 1346 - Bairro Itacorubi, 88034-001, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Eliana de Medeiros Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Laboratório Central de Microscopia Eletrônica, LCME, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n, Bairro Trindadem, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Valter Vieira Alves
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, FCBA, Rodovia Dourados Itahum Km 12, Aeroporto, Caixa-postal: 364, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Afonso Inácio Orth
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais - PPGRGV, Centro de Ciências Agrárias - CCA, Rodovia Admar Gonzaga, 1346 - Bairro Itacorubi, 88034-001, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Rubens Onofre Nodari
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais - PPGRGV, Centro de Ciências Agrárias - CCA, Rodovia Admar Gonzaga, 1346 - Bairro Itacorubi, 88034-001, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Vázquez DE, Ilina N, Pagano EA, Zavala JA, Farina WM. Glyphosate affects the larval development of honey bees depending on the susceptibility of colonies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205074. [PMID: 30300390 PMCID: PMC6177133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the main agricultural insect pollinator, the honey bee (Apis mellifera) is exposed to a number of agrochemicals, including glyphosate (GLY), the most widely used herbicide. Actually, GLY has been detected in honey and bee pollen baskets. However, its impact on the honey bee brood is poorly explored. Therefore, we assessed the effects of GLY on larval development under chronic exposure during in vitro rearing. Even though this procedure does not account for social compensatory mechanisms such as brood care by adult workers, it allows us to control the herbicide dose, homogenize nutrition and minimize environmental stress. Our results show that brood fed with food containing GLY traces (1.25-5.0 mg per litre of food) had a higher proportion of larvae with delayed moulting and reduced weight. Our assessment also indicates a non-monotonic dose-response and variability in the effects among colonies. Differences in genetic diversity could explain the variation in susceptibility to GLY. Accordingly, the transcription of immune/detoxifying genes in the guts of larvae exposed to GLY was variably regulated among the colonies studied. Consequently, under laboratory conditions, the response of honey bees to GLY indicates that it is a stressor that affects larval development depending on individual and colony susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E. Vázquez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Ilina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, (INBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo A. Pagano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, (INBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge A. Zavala
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, (INBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter M. Farina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Riva C, Sokolowski MB, Normand J, Santos JSDO, Halm-Lemeille MP. Effect of oral exposure to the acaricide pirimicarb, a new varroacide candidate, on Apis mellifera feeding rate. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1790-1797. [PMID: 29384247 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ectoparasitic honey bee mite Varroa destructor is a main cause of the gradual decline in honey bees Apis mellifera. Beekeepers currently utilize a wide range of different synthetic acaricides, organic acids and essential oils to keep mite populations under control. Previous work has indicated that pirimicarb may be a new varroacide candidate. The aim of this study was to observe chronic effects on feeding activity in worker honey bees after oral exposure to 1.05 mm pirimicarb. The long-term effects of 24 h exposure to pirimicarb were also tested. RESULTS After three successive trials, no mortality could be detected at the tested concentration, although oral exposure to pirimicarb had a significant effect on honey bees feeding behavior. Pirimicarb added to a sucrose solution led to a rapid decrease in food intake. These tendencies may be reversed when the pesticide is removed. However, recovery seemed to be trial dependent. CONCLUSION This study highlights seasonal variation in honey bee susceptibility, which should be considered in toxicology studies. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel Bc Sokolowski
- UPJV, GRAP (Groupe de Recherche sur l'Alcool et les Pharmacodépendances), Université de Picardie - Jules Verne, INSERM ERI24, Amiens, France
| | - Julien Normand
- Ifremer Port-en-Bessin, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie, Port-en-Bessin, France
| | - Jana Sopkova-de Oliveira Santos
- UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, ICORE, Université de Caen Basse - Normandie, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques), Caen, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Halm-Lemeille
- UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie, ICORE, Université de Caen Basse - Normandie, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques), Caen, France
- Ifremer Port-en-Bessin, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie, Port-en-Bessin, France
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Dai P, Yan Z, Ma S, Yang Y, Wang Q, Hou C, Wu Y, Liu Y, Diao Q. The Herbicide Glyphosate Negatively Affects Midgut Bacterial Communities and Survival of Honey Bee during Larvae Reared in Vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7786-7793. [PMID: 29992812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Effects of glyphosate on survival, developmental rate, larval weight, and midgut bacterial diversity of Apis mellifera were tested in the laboratory. Larvae were reared in vitro and fed diet containing glyphosate 0.8, 4, and 20 mg/L. The dependent variables were compared with negative control and positive control (dimethoate 45 mg/L). Brood survival decreased in 4 or 20 mg/L glyphosate treatments but not in 0.8 mg/L, and larval weight decreased in 0.8 or 4 mg/L glyphosate treatments. Exposure to three concentrations did not affect the developmental rate. Furthermore, the intestinal bacterial communities were determined using high-throughput sequencing targeting the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rDNA. All core honey bee intestinal bacterial phyla such as Proteobacteria (30.86%), Firmicutes (13.82%), and Actinobacteria (11.88%) were detected, and significant changes were found in the species diversity and richness in 20 mg/L glyphosate group. Our results suggest that high concentrations of glyphosate are deleterious to immature bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingli Dai
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology , Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
| | - Zhenxiong Yan
- Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Shilong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology , Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
- College of Bee Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002 , China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology , Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology , Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
| | - Chunsheng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology , Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
| | - Yanyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology , Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology , Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
| | - Qingyun Diao
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology , Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
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Oxidative stress in triazine pesticide toxicity: a review of the main biomarker findings. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 69:109-125. [DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This review article provides a summary of the studies relying on oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in particular) to investigate the effects of atrazine and terbuthylazine exposure in experimental animals and humans published since 2010. In general, experimental animals showed that atrazine and terbuthylazine exposure mostly affected their antioxidant defences and, to a lesser extent, lipid peroxidation, but the effects varied by the species, sex, age, herbicide concentration, and duration of exposure. Most of the studies involved aquatic organisms as useful and sensitive bio-indicators of environmental pollution and important part of the food chain. In laboratory mice and rats changes in oxidative stress markers were visible only with exposure to high doses of atrazine. Recently, our group reported that low-dose terbuthylazine could also induce oxidative stress in Wistar rats. It is evident that any experimental assessment of pesticide toxic effects should take into account a combination of several oxidative stress and antioxidant defence biomarkers in various tissues and cell compartments. The identified effects in experimental models should then be complemented and validated by epidemiological studies. This is important if we wish to understand the impact of pesticides on human health and to establish safe limits.
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49
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Mengoni Goñalons C, Farina WM. Impaired associative learning after chronic exposure to pesticides in young adult honey bees. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb176644. [PMID: 29643175 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.176644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the most widespread insecticides in agriculture, preferred for their low toxicity to mammals and their systemic nature. Nevertheless, there have been increasing concerns regarding their impact on non-target organisms. Glyphosate is also widely used in crops and, therefore, traces of this pesticide are likely to be found together with neonicotinoids. Although glyphosate is considered a herbicide, adverse effects have been found on animal species, including honey bees. Apis mellifera is one of the most important pollinators in agroecosystems and is exposed to both these pesticides. Traces can be found in nectar and pollen of flowers that honey bees visit, but also in honey stores inside the hive. Young workers, which perform in-hive tasks that are crucial for colony maintenance, are potentially exposed to both these contaminated resources. These workers present high plasticity and are susceptible to stimuli that can modulate their behaviour and impact on colony state. Therefore, by performing standardised assays to study sublethal effects of these pesticides, these bees can be used as bioindicators. We studied the effect of chronic joint exposure to field-realistic concentrations of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid and glyphosate on gustatory perception and olfactory learning. Both pesticides reduced sucrose responsiveness and had a negative effect on olfactory learning. Glyphosate also reduced food uptake during rearing. The results indicate differential susceptibility according to honey bee age. The two agrochemicals had adverse effects on different aspects of honey bee appetitive behaviour, which could have repercussions for food distribution, propagation of olfactory information and task coordination within the nest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mengoni Goñalons
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Walter M Farina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
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50
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Comparison of chicoric acid, and its metabolites caffeic acid and caftaric acid: In vitro protection of biological macromolecules and inflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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