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Olas B. An Overview of the Versatility of the Parts of the Globe Artichoke ( Cynara scolymus L.), Its By-Products and Dietary Supplements. Nutrients 2024; 16:599. [PMID: 38474726 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cynara scolymus, also known as the globe artichoke or artichoke, is grown as a food, mainly in the Mediterranean, Canary Islands, and Egypt, as well as in Asia and South America. It has also been associated with various health benefits and is used in plant-based dietary supplements and herbal infusions. Its edible parts, consisting of the head or capitula, flower, and leaves, have shown various biological activities, including anti-cancer, hepatoprotective and antimicrobial potential. The leaves are mainly used in infusions and extracts for their health-promoting properties, although all their edible parts may also be consumed as fresh, frozen, or canned foods. However, its primary health-promoting activity is associated with its antioxidant potential, which has been linked to its chemical composition, particularly its phenolic compounds (representing 96 mg of gallic acid equivalent per 100 g of raw plant material) and dietary fiber. The main phenolic compounds in the heads and leaves are caffeic acid derivatives, while the flavonoids luteolin and apigenin (both present as glucosides and rutinosides) have also been identified. In addition, heat-treated artichokes (i.e., boiled, steamed or fried), their extracts, and waste from artichoke processing also have antioxidant activity. The present paper reviews the current literature concerning the biological properties of different parts of C. scolymus, its by-products and dietary supplements, as well as their chemical content and toxicity. The literature was obtained by a search of PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Knowledge, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, with extra papers being identified by manually reviewing the references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Gad El-Hak HN, Mohamed FH. Effect of lactoferrin supplement on cadmium chloride induced toxicity to male rats: Toxicopathological, ultrastructural and immunological studies. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111182. [PMID: 37944217 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to determine whether lactoferrin supplementation could counteract the harm that cadmium (Cd) induced to the rats. The effect of Cd and lactoferrin were investigated in hematological, biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical expression and ultrastructural studies. After 30 days of treatment, rats exposed to Cd had significantly higher levels of Cd in their blood, more oxidized lipids, and less antioxidant capacity overall. Supplemental lactoferrin also significantly undoes that effect. Hematological and biochemical parameters changed along with the increase in blood Cd levels. The histological integrity of the liver, kidney, spleen, and (axillary, cervical, mesenteric and popliteal) lymph nodes that had been damaged by Cd exposure was also restored by lactoferrin supplementation. Moreover, the liver and spleen ultrastructure showed the same improvement. In addition, the spleen of Lf/Cd group showed less immunohistochemical expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in comparison to the Cd group. In conclusion, the current study showed that supplementing with lactoferrin improved immune response and restored biochemical and oxidative stability induced by Cd.
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Obaid AA, Almasmoum H, Almaimani RA, El-Boshy M, Aslam A, Idris S, Ghaith MM, El-Readi MZ, Ahmad J, Farrash WF, Mujalli A, Eid SY, Elzubier ME, Refaat B. Vitamin D and calcium co-therapy mitigates pre-established cadmium nephropathy by regulating renal calcium homeostatic molecules and improving anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in rat. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127221. [PMID: 37244046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental pollutant and chronic toxicity could induce nephropathy by increasing renal oxidative stress and inflammation. Although vitamin D (VD) and calcium (Ca) prophylactic treatments attenuated Cd-induced cell injury, none of the prior studies measure their renoprotective effects against pre-established Cd-nephropathy. AIMS To measure the alleviating effects of VD and/or Ca single and dual therapies against pre-established nephrotoxicity induced by chronic Cd toxicity prior to treatment initiation. METHODS Forty male adult rats were allocated into: negative controls (NC), positive controls (PC), Ca, VD and VC groups. The study lasted for eight weeks and all animals, except the NC, received CdCl2 in drinking water (44 mg/L) throughout the study. Ca (100 mg/kg) and/or VD (350 IU/kg) were given (five times/week) during the last four weeks to the designated groups. Subsequently, the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), VD synthesising (Cyp27b1) and catabolizing (Cyp24a1) enzymes with VD receptor (VDR) and binding protein (VDBP) was measured in renal tissues. Similarly, renal expression of Ca voltage-dependent channels (CaV1.1/CaV3.1), store-operated channels (RyR1/ITPR1), and binding proteins (CAM/CAMKIIA/S100A1/S100B) were measured. Serum markers of renal function alongside several markers of oxidative stress (MDA/H2O2/GSH/GPx/CAT) and inflammation (IL-6/TNF-α/IL-10) together with renal cell apoptosis and expression of caspase-3 were also measured. RESULTS The PC group exhibited hypovitaminosis D, hypocalcaemia, hypercalciuria, proteinuria, reduced creatinine clearance, and increased renal apoptosis/necrosis with higher caspase-3 expression. Markers of renal tissue damage (TGF-β1/iNOS/NGAL/KIM-1), oxidative stress (MDA/H2O2), and inflammation (TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6) increased, whilst the antioxidants (GSH/GPx/CAT) and IL-10 decreased, in the PC group. The PC renal tissues also showed abnormal expression of Cyp27b1, Cyp24a1, VDR, and VDBP, alongside Ca-membranous (CaV1.1/CaV3.1) and store-operated channels (RyR1/ITPR1) and cytosolic Ca-binding proteins (CAM/CAMKIIA/S100A1/S100B). Although VD was superior to Ca monotherapy, their combination revealed the best mitigation effects by attenuating serum and renal tissue Cd concentrations, inflammation and oxidative stress, alongside modulating the expression of VD/Ca-molecules. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to show improved alleviations against Cd-nephropathy by co-supplementing VD and Ca, possibly by better regulation of Ca-dependent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Obaid
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Boshy
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M Ghaith
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Z El-Readi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam F Farrash
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Mujalli
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safaa Y Eid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Elzubier
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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Thakur M, Vasudeva N, Sharma S, Datusalia AK. Plants and their Bioactive Compounds as a Possible Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 22:CNSNDDT-EPUB-126021. [PMID: 36045522 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220830164432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury is an outcome of the physical or mechanical impact of external forces on the brain. Thus, the silent epidemic has complex pathophysiology affecting the brain along with extracranial or systemic complications in more than one organ system, including the heart, lungs, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal and endocrine system. which is referred to as Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome. It is driven by three interconnected mechanisms such as systemic hyperinflammation, paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity, and immunosuppression-induced sepsis. These multifaceted pathologies accelerate the risk of mortality in clinical settings by interfering with the functions of distant organs through hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, acute lung injury, neurogenic pulmonary edema, reduced gastrointestinal motility, Cushing ulcers, acute liver failure, acute kidney injury, coagulopathy, endocrine dysfunction, and many other impairments. The pharmaceutical treatment approach for this is highly specific in its mode of action and linked to a variety of side effects, including hallucinations, seizures, anaphylaxis, teeth, bone staining, etc. Therefore, alternative natural medicine treatments are widely accepted due to their broad complementary or synergistic effects on the physiological system with minor side effects. CONCLUSION This review is a compilation of the possible mechanisms behind the occurrence of multiorgan dysfunction and reported medicinal plants with organoprotective activity that have not been yet explored against traumatic brain injury and thereby, highlighting the marked possibilities of their effectiveness in the management of multiorgan dysfunction. As a result, we attempted to respond to the hypothesis against the usage of medicinal plants to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Neeru Vasudeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Datusalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology/Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Tyler SEB, Tyler LDK. Therapeutic roles of plants for 15 hypothesised causal bases of Alzheimer's disease. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:34. [PMID: 35996065 PMCID: PMC9395556 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressive and ultimately fatal, with current drugs failing to reverse and cure it. This study aimed to find plant species which may provide therapeutic bioactivities targeted to causal agents proposed to be driving AD. A novel toolkit methodology was employed, whereby clinical symptoms were translated into categories recognized in ethnomedicine. These categories were applied to find plant species with therapeutic effects, mined from ethnomedical surveys. Survey locations were mapped to assess how this data is at risk. Bioactivities were found of therapeutic relevance to 15 hypothesised causal bases for AD. 107 species with an ethnological report of memory improvement demonstrated therapeutic activity for all these 15 causal bases. The majority of the surveys were found to reside within biodiversity hotspots (centres of high biodiversity under threat), with loss of traditional knowledge the most common threat. Our findings suggest that the documented plants provide a large resource of AD therapeutic potential. In demonstrating bioactivities targeted to these causal bases, such plants may have the capacity to reduce or reverse AD, with promise as drug leads to target multiple AD hallmarks. However, there is a need to preserve ethnomedical knowledge, and the habitats on which this knowledge depends.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke D K Tyler
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, UK
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Celepli S, Çolak B, Celepli P, Bigat İ, Batur HG, Soysal F, Karakurt S, Hücümenoğlu S, Kismet K, Şahin M. Artichoke for biochemistry, histology, and gene expression in obstructive jaundice. REVISTA DA ASSOCIAÇÃO MÉDICA BRASILEIRA 2022; 68:647-652. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - İrem Bigat
- TOBB University of Economics & Technology, Turkey
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Izak-Shirian F, Najafi-Asl M, Azami B, Heidarian E, Najafi M, Khaledi M, Nouri A. Quercetin exerts an ameliorative effect in the rat model of diclofenac-induced renal injury through mitigation of inflammatory response and modulation of oxidative stress. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x221086530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diclofenac (DIC) is administrated to treat pain, inflammatory disorders, and dysmenorrhea but kidney problems are the main worries of the agent. The literature has revealed that quercetin (QR) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant attributes. This study aims to highlight the possible nephroprotective effects of QR on DIC-exposed rats. In this study, the animals after exposure to DIC (50 mg/kg, i.p) were administrated to QR (100 mg/kg, p.o). Then, the levels, as well as the activity of several oxidant and anti-oxidant mediators, were evaluated. Our results showed that DIC treatment was coupled with the elevation in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and some pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, NF-κB, and IL-1β, suggesting that probably this agent exert its toxicity in the kidney tissue through inducing both oxidative stress and inflammation. Interestingly, QR was successful in restoring the activity of antioxidant compounds such as GSH, GPx, SOD, and CAT in the kidney tissue of DIC-treated rats. Moreover, in the presence of QR, DIC was unable to increase the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that perhaps QR might have anti-inflammatory properties. In agreement with this, the results of the histopathological evaluation also showed that while DIC increased the lymphocyte infiltration into the kidney tissue, QR reduced the number of lymphocytes in DIC-treated rats. The results revealed that QR exerted a supportive effect against diclofenac-induced renal injury in male rats through modulation of oxidative stress and mitigation of inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Izak-Shirian
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Najafi-Asl
- Department of Phathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Behzad Azami
- School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Esfandiar Heidarian
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoor Khaledi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nouri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Phytochemical and multi-biological characterization of two Cynara scolymus L. varieties: A glance into their potential large scale cultivation and valorization as bio-functional ingredients. INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Protective effects of dietary Lavender ( Lavandula officinalis) essential oil against Malathion-induced toxicity in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the moderating properties of Lavender (Lavandula officinalis) essential oil (LEO) against immunotoxic effects of the organophosphate pesticide, malathion in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. For this purpose, fish were supplemented with LEO at dietary concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 ml/kg diet LEO for 56 days. A non-LEO supplemented group was also considered as control. After 57 days feeding trial, biochemicals were assayed in the blood and kidney tissue and then fish exposed to a sub-lethal concentration of malathion [0.24 mg/l equal to 30% of LC50 (0.8 mg/L)]. After 57 days feeding trial, the serum total immunoglobulin, respiratory burst activity, lysozyme activity and complement activity significantly elevated in fish treated with 1 and 2 ml LEO/kg diet compared to non-LEO supplemented individuals (P<0.01). Such changes were not observed in non-LEO supplemented fish (P>0.01). Significant elevations were observed in the expression of the immune genes (iNOS and C3 genes) in fish treated with 0.2–2 mg LEO/kg diet compared to non-supplemented ones (P<0.01). The lysozyme and complement activity significantly decreased in fish fed 4 ml/kg diet (P<0.01). After exposure to malathion, all immune components significantly declined in control and those treated with 0.5, 1 and 4 ml LEO/kg diet (P<0.01). In contrast, the immunity components exhibited no significant changes in fish treated with 2 ml LEO/kg diet after exposure (P>0.01). The expression of iNOS and C3 genes significantly reduced in control and fish fed 0.5, 1 and 4 ml LEO/kg diet in response to malathion (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of these genes showed no significant changes in fish fed with 2 ml LEO/kg diet after exposure (P>0.01). The findings of the present study suggested an immunoprotective role for dietary LEO at optimized dietary concentrations of 1 and 2 ml LEO/kg diet against oxidative stress and toxicity induced by malathion. Nevertheless, LEO at high dietary concentration (4 ml/kg diet) had reducing effects on the fish immunity.
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Bioactive Compounds from Cardoon as Health Promoters in Metabolic Disorders. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030336. [PMID: 35159487 PMCID: PMC8915173 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a Mediterranean plant and member of the Asteraceae family that includes three botanical taxa, the wild perennial cardoon (C. cardunculus L. var. sylvestris (Lamk) Fiori), globe artichoke (C. cardunculus L. var. scolymus L. Fiori), and domesticated cardoon (C. cardunculus L. var. altilis DC.). Cardoon has been widely used in the Mediterranean diet and folk medicine since ancient times. Today, cardoon is recognized as a plant with great industrial potential and is considered as a functional food, with important nutritional value, being an interesting source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, minerals, inulin, fiber, and sesquiterpene lactones. These bioactive compounds have been vastly described in the literature, exhibiting a wide range of beneficial effects, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, lipid-lowering, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antihemorrhoidal, cardiotonic, and choleretic activity. In this review, an overview of the cardoon nutritional and phytochemical composition, as well as its biological potential, is provided, highlighting the main therapeutic effects of the different parts of the cardoon plant on metabolic disorders, specifically associated with hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic activity.
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Celepli S, Çolak B, Celepli P, Bigat İ, Batur HG, Soysal F, Karakurt S, Hücümenoğlu S, Kısmet K, Şahin M. Effects of artichoke leaf extract on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2021; 68:87-93. [PMID: 34909970 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect and mechanism of action of artichoke leaf extract in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS Rats were divided into three groups such as sham, control, and artichoke leaf extract groups. Antioxidant enzyme activities and biochemical parameters were examined from the tissue and serum obtained from the subjects. Histopathological findings were scored semiquantitatively. RESULTS Statistically, the antioxidant activity was highest in the artichoke leaf extract group, the difference in biochemical parameters and C-reactive protein was significant compared with the control group, and the histopathological positive effects were found to be significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS As a result, artichoke leaf extract had a hepatoprotective effect and that this effect was related to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of artichoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Celepli
- Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery - Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bayram Çolak
- Selçuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery - Konya, Turkey
| | - Pınar Celepli
- Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology - Ankara, Turkey
| | - İrem Bigat
- TOBB University of Economics & Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering - Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Gül Batur
- Selçuk University, Science Faculty, Biochemistry Department - Konya, Turkey
| | - Furkan Soysal
- Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering - Konya, Turkey
| | - Serdar Karakurt
- Selçuk University, Science Faculty, Biochemistry Department - Konya, Turkey
| | - Sema Hücümenoğlu
- Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology - Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kemal Kısmet
- Selçuk University, Faculty of Nursing, Department of Surgical Nursing - Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Şahin
- Selçuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery - Konya, Turkey
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Ilesanmi OB, Inala ER. Hepatoprotective effect of Ipomoea cairica (Convolvulaceae) leaf extract against cadmium chloride induced liver damage. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Xie W, Huang YY, Chen HG, Zhou X. Study on the Efficacy and Mechanism of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide against Lead-Induced Renal Injury in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092945. [PMID: 34578823 PMCID: PMC8470764 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead is one of the most common heavy metal pollutants in the environment. Prolonged exposure to lead will induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the kidneys, which in turn causes kidney injury. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is well known for its numerous pharmacological properties. This study aims to explore the efficacy and mechanism of LBP against lead-induced kidney damage in mice. Symptoms of renal injury were induced in mice by using 25 mg/kg lead acetate (PbAc2), and different doses of LBP (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg BW) were orally administrated to PbAc2-treated mice for five weeks. The results of the pharmacodynamics experiment showed that the renal pathological damages, serum creatinine (Cre), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and kidney index of PbAc2-treated mice could be significantly alleviated by treatment with LBP. Further, LBP treatment significantly increased the weight and feed intake of PbAc2-treated mice. The dose effect results indicated that a medium dose of LBP was superior to high and low doses. The results of mechanistic experiments showed that LBP could attenuate oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the kidneys of mice with lead toxicity by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xie
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China; (W.X.); (Y.-Y.H.)
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China; (W.X.); (Y.-Y.H.)
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Hua-Guo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China; (W.X.); (Y.-Y.H.)
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
- Correspondence: (H.-G.C.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China; (W.X.); (Y.-Y.H.)
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, China
- Correspondence: (H.-G.C.); (X.Z.)
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Abdel-Moneim A, Ahmed OM, Abd El-Twab SM, Zaky MY, Bakry LN. Prophylactic effects of Cynara scolymus L. leaf and flower hydroethanolic extracts against diethylnitrosamine/acetylaminoflourene-induced lung cancer in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43515-43527. [PMID: 33834342 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The study examines the prophylactic action of artichoke leaf hydroethanolic extract (ALE) and artichoke flower head hydroethanolic extract (AFE) against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/acetylaminofluorene (AAF)-induced lung cancer in Wistar rats. To chemically induce lung cancer, DEN was injected intraperitoneally twice a week for a fortnight at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), followed by oral supplementation of AAF four times a week for 3 weeks at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. The DEN/AAF-administered rats were orally supplemented with ALE or AFE at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.w. for 17 weeks starting from the 1st week of DEN injection to the 17th week of the experiment. The lung cancerous injuries resulting from DEN/AAF-administration were significantly improved by the treatment with ALE and AFE as observed in histological examination. In addition, there was a significant reduction in lung lipid peroxidation, with resultant elevation in antioxidant enzymatic activity of glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase as well as glutathione content in DEN/AAF-supplemented rats treated with ALE and AFE as compared to DEN/AAF-administered control. The lung tumor suppressor protein (p53) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) mRNA expression significantly increased in the rats treated with ALE and AFE. In conclusion, the finding showed that ALE and AFE produced anti-cancer prophylactic effects against DEN/AAF-induced lung cancer in rats via suppression of oxidative stress and improved apoptotic signal induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem St, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem St, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sanaa M Abd El-Twab
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem St, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y Zaky
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem St, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa N Bakry
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem St, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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15
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El-Deberky D, Rizk M, Elsayd F, Amin A, El-Mahmoudy A. Protective potential of Cynara scolymus extract in thioacetamide model of hepatic injury in rats. BIONATURA 2021. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2021.06.02.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic injury is a worldwide health problem. This study aimed to evaluate the possible hepatoprotective potential of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) extract (CSE) in albino rats using the thioacetamide (TAA) a model of liver injury. Acclimatized 42 rats were divided randomly into seven groups, each consists of six rats, and subjected to different treatments. Hepatic injury model was induced by administration of TAA at a dose of 100 mg per kg, intraperitoneally, twice weekly for 8 weeks (+ve control); test groups rats received CSE at doses of 100 or 200 mg/kg BW, orally, daily for 8 weeks adjunct with TAA; standard group rats received Silymarin at a dose of 100 mg per kg, orally, daily for 8 weeks adjunct with TAA; other 2 groups of rats received only CSE at the same dose levels; while -ve control rats received only the vehicles. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected at the end of the experimental course for different assessments. Results revealed that CSE exhibited dose-dependent hepatoprotection indicated by nearly normalized parameters, including enzymatic liver function parameters (AST, ALT, GGT & ALP with potential % of 94.06, 86.96, 85.93, 64.85, respectively, after large dose when standardized by Silymarin); non-enzymatic parameters (total protein, albumin, globulins, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, TAGs, Cholesterol, HDL, LDL & VLDL with potential % of 83.42, 85.9, 83.44, 98.1, 77.41, 91.5, 97.51, 97.46, 81.41, 88.52 & 89.4, respectively, after large dose when standardized by Silymarin). The underlying mechanism of the observed hepatoprotection of CSE was attributed to impeding the oxidative stress-mediated by TAA, indicated by reduced hepatocyte lipid peroxidation product MDA (95.96 % of Silymarin), and improved antioxidative enzymes in liver homogenate, namely, GPx, Catalase & SOD with potentials of 95.44, 87.02 & 81.48 % of Silymarin, respectively. Macroscopic and microscopic pathological pictures were supportive to the biochemical findings, where the pathological lesions caused by TAA as congestion and dilatation of central and portal veins with perivascular fibrous connective tissue proliferation admixed with few mononuclear leukocytes plus necrotic hepatocytes and hyperplastic biliary epithelium, were ameliorated dose-dependently when CSE was administered together with TAA. The present study's data may suggest CSE as a natural source for promising hepatoprotective and antioxidant drug preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena El-Deberky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Benha University, 13736 Qalioubeya, EGYPT
| | - Manar Rizk
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Benha University, 13736 Qalioubeya, EGYPT
| | - Faten Elsayd
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Benha University, 13736 Qalioubeya, EGYPT
| | - Aziza Amin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Benha University, 13736 Qalioubeya, EGYPT
| | - Abubakr El-Mahmoudy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Benha University, 13736 Qalioubeya, EGYPT
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16
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Hamza MF, Hamad NA, Hamad DM, Khalafalla MS, Abdel-Rahman AAH, Zeid IF, Wei Y, Hessien MM, Fouda A, Salem WM. Synthesis of Eco-Friendly Biopolymer, Alginate-Chitosan Composite to Adsorb the Heavy Metals, Cd(II) and Pb(II) from Contaminated Effluents. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092189. [PMID: 33923314 PMCID: PMC8123203 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Efficient removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from contaminated water is considered a fundamental point of view. Synthetic hydrogel biopolymers based on chitosan and alginate (cost-effective and eco-friendly) were successfully designed and characterized by highly efficient removal contaminants. The sorbents are characterized by FTIR, SEM-EDX, TGA, XPS analyses and textural properties which are qualified by N2 adsorption. The sorption properties are firstly investigated by the effect of pH, sorption isotherms, uptake kinetics, and selectivity from multi-metal solution with equi-molar concentration. The sorbent with 1:3 ratios (of chitosan and alginate respectively) is the most effective for metal removal (i.e., 0.81 mmol Cd g−1 and 0.41 mmol Pb g−1). Langmuir and Sip’s models fitted better the adsorption isotherms compared to the Freundlich model. Uptake kinetics was well fitted by pseudo-first-order rate equation, while the saturation was achieved within 40 min. The sorbent shows good reproducibility through duplicate the experiments with negligible decreasing efficiency (>2.5%). The sorbent was applied for water treatment on samples collected from the industrial area (i.e., 653 and 203 times over the MCL for Cd(II) and Pb(II) respectively according to WHO). The concentration of Cd and Pb was drastically decreased in the effluents as pH increased with removal efficiency up to 99% for both elements at pH 5.8 and SD equivalent 1 g L−1 for 5 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F. Hamza
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Data, School of Resources, Environment and Data, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box. 530, El-Maadi, Cairo 11381, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (M.F.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Nora A. Hamad
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebine El-Koam 00123, Egypt; (N.A.H.); (D.M.H.); (A.A.-H.A.-R.); (I.F.Z.)
| | - Doaa M. Hamad
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebine El-Koam 00123, Egypt; (N.A.H.); (D.M.H.); (A.A.-H.A.-R.); (I.F.Z.)
| | | | - Adel A.-H. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebine El-Koam 00123, Egypt; (N.A.H.); (D.M.H.); (A.A.-H.A.-R.); (I.F.Z.)
| | - Ibrahim F. Zeid
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebine El-Koam 00123, Egypt; (N.A.H.); (D.M.H.); (A.A.-H.A.-R.); (I.F.Z.)
| | - Yuezhou Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Data, School of Resources, Environment and Data, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (M.F.H.); (Y.W.)
| | - Mahmoud M. Hessien
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box. 11099, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amr Fouda
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, AL-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Waheed M. Salem
- Medical Laboratories Department, Faculty of Applied Health Science technology, Menoufia University, Shebine El-Koam 32511, Egypt;
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Wang M, Chen Z, Song W, Hong D, Huang L, Li Y. A review on Cadmium Exposure in the Population and Intervention Strategies Against Cadmium Toxicity. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:65-74. [PMID: 33486543 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-03088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid industrial development has led to serious cadmium (Cd) pollution. Cd is a toxic heavy metal placing severe health threat to human. Cd can enter the body through the atmosphere, water, soil and food, and has a long half-life (10-30 years), it largely accumulates in kidneys, liver, bone and other organs and causes irreversible damage to the target organs. Cd pollution has also further caused certain carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk. This study summarizes the current situation of Cd pollution, the toxicity of specific target organs, carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk in the general population, as well as dietary supplements to prevent and mitigate Cd toxication, which aims to focus on the adverse effects of Cd to human from both individual and population perspectives, hoping that not only the health risk of Cd poisoning can be reduced, but also the accurate prevention and control of Cd poisoning can be achieved in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaofang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Song
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dezi Hong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.
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Li X, Li H, Cai D, Li P, Jin J, Jiang X, Li Z, Tian L, Chen G, Sun J, Bai W. Chronic oral exposure to cadmium causes liver inflammation by NLRP3 inflammasome activation in pubertal mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 148:111944. [PMID: 33359024 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a potentially toxic trace element frequently existed in foods, water, and air, threatening liver function from its continuous bioaccumulation and induction of oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the hepatotoxicity of Cd during puberty remains unclear. In this study, pubertal mice were given cadmium chloride at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg·bw by gavage, and the liver damage was investigated at different treatment points of 10, 20, and 30 days. After Cd exposure, there is an obvious inflammatory hepatocyte infiltration accompanied by more apoptotic cells at 20 days and an increase in alanine aminotransferases and aspartate aminotransferases in circulation at 30 days. Additionally, the soaring TNF-α and MCP-1 were found in liver, and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-18) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, IL-10, and IL-13) were both significantly upregulated. Moreover, the activated M1 and M2 macrophages were confirmed in charge of these cytokines release. Most importantly, the data validated a pivotal role of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in Cd-induced inflammation in liver at puberty. Collectively, our results suggested that low-dose Cd oral exposure can cause liver inflammation via activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and give rise to severe liver injury at puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Haiwei Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Dongbao Cai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Jietian Jin
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Xinwei Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Guobing Chen
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Geriatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
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19
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Jaramillo FM, Piñeros DDV, Corrêa RR, Pogliani FC, Cogliati B, Baccarin RYA. Efficacy of oral Cynara scolymus and Silybum marianum on toxicity of imidocarb dipropionate in horses. Vet Rec Open 2020; 7:e000416. [PMID: 33178437 PMCID: PMC7646365 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2020-000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite hepatotoxic effects, imidocarb dipropionate is the drug of choice for treatment of equine piroplasmosis. It is important, therefore, to identify adjuvant therapies that may improve the safety of imidocarb dipropionate by reducing the risk of liver damage during its use. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective and hepatoregulatory effects of treatment with Cynara scolymus and Silybum marianum during administration of imidocarb dipropionate. Methods Ten healthy horses, seroconverted to Theileria equi by C-ELISA, were treated with 5 mg/kg/day of imidocarb dipropionate for three consecutive days. The study population was divided into two groups. The control group did not receive any complementary treatments. The treated group received a daily oral supplement containing C scolymus and S marianum for 30 days. Physical, haematological and histological examinations of hepatic fragments were performed. Results All haematological values remained within normal range for the study population. Histological analysis revealed that treated group animals had 62 per cent less lobular inflammation, 55 per cent less pigment accumulation, 65 per cent less steatosis and 57 per cent less portal inflammation than control group animals, with an equivalent percentage of hydropic degeneration. Conclusion C scolymus and S marianum supplements resulted in beneficial hepatoprotective effects in horses treated with imidocarb dipropionate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Mosquera Jaramillo
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Romero Corrêa
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Celidonio Pogliani
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Yvonne Arantes Baccarin
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Zhang Y, Huo X, Lu X, Zeng Z, Faas MM, Xu X. Exposure to multiple heavy metals associate with aberrant immune homeostasis and inflammatory activation in preschool children. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 257:127257. [PMID: 32534297 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals generate adverse health effects by interfering with immune homeostasis and promoting inflammation in individuals. Our objective was to explore the induction of immune and inflammatory responses by multiple heavy metals in children living in the e-waste contaminated area. A total of 147 preschool children were recruited, including 73 children from Guiyu, a typical e-waste recycling area, and 74 from a reference group. Blood levels of heavy metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As), were detected using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Immune cell counts (neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes) were determined by an automatic blood cell analyzer, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) were analyzed by a Luminex 200 multiplex immunoassay instrument. Multiple correspondences and linear regression analyses were applied to investigate the relationships between heavy metal exposure and relevant parameters. Results shows Guiyu children had higher levels of Pb, Cd, Hg, As, IL-1β and IL-6, but decreased lymphocyte, IL-1RA and IL-13. Neutrophil count was positively correlated with Pb, Cd and Hg exposure. Anti-inflammatory IL-1RA concentration was negatively related with Pb, Cd, Hg and As, while pro-inflammatory IL-1β and IL-6 were positively correlated with Pb. Guiyu children may have dysregulated immune response and high inflammation risk. Exposure to Pb, Cd, Hg and As could be harmful for immune response and inflammatory regulation. Our finding of decreased IL-RA production in children exposed to Pb, Cd, Hg, and As is novel and could be an opportunity for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xia Huo
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueling Lu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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21
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Awad OME, El-Sohaimy SA, Ghareeb DA, Aboulenein AM, Saleh SR, El-Aziz NMA. Phytochemical Analysis and Toxicity Assessment of Artichoke By-product Extract. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:81-91. [PMID: 31930886 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.81.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Egypt produced 236,314 t of artichoke in 2016, which produce a huge amount of useless by-product, which can be used as cheaper source for many active compounds can be applied for some medical application. The objective of this study was to assess the toxicity of the artichoke by-product extract through its effect on rats' kidney, brain and liver biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical composition of artichoke by-product (crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and minerals) was determined. Conventional extraction (CE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) extraction methods were used for artichoke by-product and comparison between them were performed according to antioxidant activity using DPPH and the phenolic profile identity using HPLC technique. Chronic oral gavage of thirty adult male albino rats for 4 weeks in the concentrations of (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5 g kg-1) artichoke by-product extract was used for evaluation of its toxicity. RESULTS MAE with ethanol more suitable for extraction of the polyphenols (193.63±4.9 μg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) mg-1) and showed IC50 = 159.7 mg mL-1. Three major active phenolic compounds were identified benzoic acid, ellagic acid and caffeine. Rats administrated 5 g kg-1 artichoke extract have no changes in brain, liver and kidney parameters (p<0.05). Histology of brain and liver exhibited normal architecture. CONCLUSION The results showed that the artichoke by-product extract had no any toxic effect on rats and considered be safe for human use even at a high level of doses (up to 5 g kg-1).
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Musolino V, Gliozzi M, Bombardelli E, Nucera S, Carresi C, Maiuolo J, Mollace R, Paone S, Bosco F, Scarano F, Scicchitano M, Macrì R, Ruga S, Zito MC, Palma E, Gratteri S, Ragusa M, Volterrani M, Fini M, Mollace V. The synergistic effect of Citrus bergamia and Cynara cardunculus extracts on vascular inflammation and oxidative stress in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:268-274. [PMID: 32670822 PMCID: PMC7340872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) represents a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. NAFLD is worsened by the simultaneous occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) causing an enhancement of inflammatory and fibrotic processes. Although insulin resistance appears the link between NAFLD and T2DM, current pharmacological treatments of T2DM failed to produce relevant benefits in preventing T2DM-related liver dysfunction. In this randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical study, we evaluated the effect of Bergacyn, an innovative formulation originating from the combination of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction (BPF) and Cynara cardunculus (CyC). EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 80 adult patients with a history of at least 12 months of T2DM and NAFLD received orally BPF (300 mg/daily) Cyc (300 mg/daily), separately or formulated in combination 50/50% (Bergacyn; 300 mg/daily), or placebo all containing 300 mg of bergamot albedo fibers micronized and co-grinded as excipients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Serum measurements and liver ultrasound analyses showed that concomitant administration of BPF and CyC produced significant improvement of NAFLD biomarkers in patients with T2DM. This effect was associated with a substantial reduction of oxidative stress/inflammatory biomarkers, thus contributing to a significant improvement of NO-mediated reactive vasodilation. Furthermore, the effect of Bergacyn showed a synergistic effect of both extracts, thus suggesting that this peculiar formulation represents a novel therapeutic strategy to counteract vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients suffering from T2DM and NAFLD. Further studies in larger cohort of diabetic patients are required to better identify the potential of Bergacyn on metabolic disorders accompanying T2DM and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Ezio Bombardelli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Sara Paone
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Santo Gratteri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Monica Ragusa
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
- San Raffaele IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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23
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Mirkov I, Stojković D, Aleksandrov AP, Ivanov M, Kostić M, Glamočlija J, Soković M. Plant Extracts and Isolated Compounds Reduce Parameters of Oxidative Stress Induced by Heavy Metals: An up-to-Date Review on Animal Studies. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1799-1815. [PMID: 32264808 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200407163408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metals are elements that are naturally found in the earth. They are used in many modern-day applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry. Heavy metal poisoning occurs when the body's soft tissues absorb too much of a particular metal. The heavy metals of interest for this review paper were cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and lead since these are the most common metals that the human body can absorb in toxic amounts. Different plant species were investigated in recent years for their effect on oxidative stress parameters after intoxication with heavy metals. OBJECTIVES This review paper is focused on the current update to research on heavy metals induced oxidative stress in animal models and improvement of the oxidative stress parameters upon/co-/after treatment with different plant extracts and isolated compounds. METHODS The available literature was screened for the novel data regarding the influence of plant extracts and compounds on heavy metals induced oxidative stress. For that purposes Scopus database was used, looking for the publications in the last 5-10 years with the key terms: plant extracts, oxidative stress, in vivo, cadmium, lead, mercury and arcenic. RESULTS Various parameters of oxidative stress were investigated, and their improvement with plant extracts/ compounds was observed in the brain, lungs, kidneys, liver, uterus, testis, thymus, spleen, heart, skin and blood of experimental animals. Common parameters used to determine oxidative stress in animals were: superoxide dismutase; catalase; reduced glutathione; glutathione reductase; glutathione-S-transferase; glutathione peroxidase; lipid peroxidation; oxidized glutathione; malondialdehyde; xanthine oxidase; nonprotein-soluble thiol; thioredoxin reductase; total sulphydryl group; nitric oxide; γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase. CONCLUSION The most investigated species for antioxidant effects upon intoxication with heavy metals seem to be Allium sp., Bacopa monniera, Camellia sinensis, Moringa oleifera, Vitis vinifera and Zingiber officinale. According to literature data, the most promising effect to alleviate symptoms of intoxication was achieved with proanthocyanidins obtained from Vitis vinifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Mirkov
- The University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Stojković
- The University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra P Aleksandrov
- The University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Ivanov
- The University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Kostić
- The University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Glamočlija
- The University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Soković
- The University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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24
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Sümer E, Senturk GE, Demirel ÖU, Yesilada E. Comparative biochemical and histopathological evaluations proved that receptacle is the most effective part of Cynara scolymus against liver and kidney damages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112458. [PMID: 31809787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The liver and kidney are among the most important organs in the body, where metabolic and elimination functions take place. During this process, liver and kidneys may suffer damage due to ingestion or formation of toxic metabolites leading to organ loss and even death. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) leaf has long been recognized as a popular herbal remedy in traditional medicines with beneficial effects on liver. AIM OF THE STUDY In phytotherapy leaves are the part used to support the liver functions and for treatment of damage induced by various toxins, while fleshy receptacle is cooked as meal to support liver homeostasis. However, effects of other plant parts on liver such as stems, bracts have not much attracted the attention of scientific community so far. In this study we investigated comparatively the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of different plant parts of artichoke, i.e. receptacles, outer bracts, inner bracts, and stems with that of leaves upon paracetamol-induction in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous ethanol (80%) extracts obtained from the different parts of artichoke were administered for five consecutive days after paracetamol induction to rats. At the end of experimental period blood samples from the experimental animals were taken for biochemical tests, while livers and kidneys were removed for further histopathological evaluation. RESULTS The histopathological examinations of liver and kidney tissues revealed that the receptacle and stem extracts of the artichoke were the most effective parts by improving the experimentally induced pathology in both liver and kidney. Biochemical tests also supported the histopathological data; receptacle, stem and bract extracts reduced serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels, but not alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. CONCLUSIONS Histopathological and biochemical studies have shown that receptacle and stem extracts of artichoke were found to exert higher protective activity on liver and kidney damage induced by paracetamol comparing to its bract and leaf extracts, the latest is officially recognized as herbal remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Sümer
- Yeditepe University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Phytotherapy, Ataşehir, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gözde Erkanli Senturk
- Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Unay Demirel
- Bahçeşehir University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kadıköy, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Erdem Yesilada
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Ataşehir, 34755, İstanbul, Turkey.
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25
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El-Boshy M, Refaat B, Almaimani RA, Abdelghany AH, Ahmad J, Idris S, Almasmoum H, Mahbub AA, Ghaith MM, BaSalamah MA. Vitamin D 3 and calcium cosupplementation alleviates cadmium hepatotoxicity in the rat: Enhanced antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions by remodeling cellular calcium pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22440. [PMID: 31926057 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although vitamin D (VD) and calcium (Ca) attenuate cadmium (Cd) metabolism, their combined antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions against Cd toxicity have not been previously explored. Hence, this study measured the protective effects of VD ± Ca supplements against Cd hepatotoxicity. Forty adult male rats were distributed to: negative controls (NCs), positive controls (PCs), VD, Ca, and VD3 and Ca (VDC) groups. All groups, except NC, received CdCl2 in drinking water (44 mg/L) for 4 weeks individually or concurrently with intramuscular VD3 (600 IU/kg; three times per week) and/or oral Ca (100 mg/kg; five times per week). The PC group showed abnormal hepatic biochemical parameters and increase in cellular cytochrome C, caspase-9, and caspase-3 alongside the apoptotic/necrotic cell numbers by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling technique. The PC hepatic tissue also had substantially elevated pro-oxidants (malondialdehyde [MDA]/H2 O2 /protein carbonyls) and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β [IL-1β]/IL-6/IL17A/tumor necrosis factor-α), whereas the anti-inflammatory (IL-10/IL-22) and antioxidants (glutathione [GSH]/GPx/catalase enzyme [CAT]) markers declined. Hypovitaminosis D, low hepatic tissue Ca, aberrant hepatic expression of VD-metabolizing enzymes (Cyp2R1/Cyp27a1/cyp24a1), receptor and binding protein alongside Ca-membrane (CaV 1.1/CaV 3.1), and store-operated (RyR1/ITPR1) channels, and Ca-binding proteins (CAM/CAMKIIA/S100A1/S100B) were observed in the PC group. Both monotherapies decreased serum, but not tissue Cd levels, restored the targeted hepatic VD/Ca molecules' expression. However, these effects were more prominent in the VD group than the Ca group. The VDC group, contrariwise, disclosed the greatest alleviations on serum and tissue Cd, inflammatory and oxidative markers, the VD/Ca molecules and tissue integrity. In conclusion, this report is the first to reveal boosted protection for cosupplementing VD and Ca against Cd hepatotoxicity that could be due to enhanced antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and modulation of the Ca pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Boshy
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelghany H Abdelghany
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Almasmoum
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani A Mahbub
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M Ghaith
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A BaSalamah
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Rezazadeh K, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. Artichoke leaf extract and use in metabolic syndrome as an antioxidant. Pathology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-815972-9.00016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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WANG JICANG, ZHU HUALI, ZHANG CAI, WANG HONGWEI, YANG ZIJUN, LIU ZONGPING. Puerarin protects rat liver and kidney against cadmium-induced oxidative stress. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i9.93750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is thought to be involved in cadmium (Cd) induced toxicity. This study examined the possible protective effect of puerarin on cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 2 mg/kg b.w.) induced toxicity in male rats. Male SD rats were treated with either intraperitoneal Cd and/or oral puerarin (100 mg/kg. b.w.) for 4 weeks. The results demonstrated that exposure to Cd led to an increase in the level of BUN, ALT and AST in serum. Cadmium raised the concentrations of MDA and GSH, and decreased antioxidants activities (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px) in the liver and kidney. Conversely, administration of puerarin markedly attenuated Cd-induced biochemical alterations in serum, liver, and kidney tissues. These results suggest that puerarin exerts protective effects against Cd toxicity attributable to its antioxidant actions.
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28
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Ahmadi A, Heidarian E, Ghatreh-Samani K. Modulatory effects of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) leaf extract against oxidative stress and hepatic TNF-α gene expression in acute diazinon-induced liver injury in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 30:jbcpp-2018-0180. [PMID: 31469651 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Diazinon (DZN) causes serious liver damage in both humans and animals. In the present study, the hepatoprotective effects of Cynara scolymus L. leaf extract against DZN-induced liver injury were examined. Methods Forty male rats were divided into five groups. The control group received a normal diet. The DZN group received DZN only (25 mg/kg, po). The DZN + Syl group received DZN (25 mg/kg, po) and silymarin (Syl) (50 mg/kg, po). The DZN + Art group received DZN (25 mg/kg, po) and artichoke (Art) leaf extract (1500 mg/kg, po). The Art group received Art leaf extract only (1500 mg/kg, po). After 15 days, serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lipid profile, protein carbonyl content, serum and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), hepatic TNF-α gene expression, hepatic catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and vitamin C (Vit C) were measured and histopathological examination was performed. Results DZN caused a significant elevation in serum ALP, AST, ALT, MDA, TNF-α, protein carbonyl, hepatic MDA, and TNF-α gene expression in the DZN group as opposed to the control group. Also, DZN led to the reduction of hepatic CAT, SOD, and Vit C in the DZN group relative to the control group. The administration of Art extract resulted in not only a significant reduction in serum ALP, AST, ALT, MDA, TNF-α, and protein carbonyl but also an improvement of liver histopathological changes and hepatic CAT and SOD activities as opposed to the DZN group. Conclusions This study confirmed that Art leaf extract has liver protective effects and causes downregulation of oxidative stress in acute DZN-induced liver injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Ahmadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Esfandiar Heidarian
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, Mobile: + 98 913 314 5229, Phone: + 98 383 3346720, Fax: + 98 383 3346721
| | - Keihan Ghatreh-Samani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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29
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Lee CL, Liao KC, Chen CC, Lin YA, Wu TY, Jhan YL, Chen CJ, Yang JC, Wu YC. Characterization Of Secondary Metabolites From The Rhizome Of Cynara Scolymus And Their Antioxidant Properties. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:2051-2055. [PMID: 31359780 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1645664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aerial portions of Cynara scolymus commonly have been eaten as vegetables or functional foods by the people lived in Mediterranean region. In preliminary antioxidant screening, the rhizome portions (CSR) of this species showed better potential than leaves ones. However, neither phytochemical nor pharmacology studies of CSR have been reported to date. The purpose of this research was to identify the active components from CSR through bioassay-guided fractionation. The antioxidant properties of secondary metabolites 1-9 were evaluated in this investigation. Compounds 4-6, 8, and 9 showed antioxidant activities based on DPPH free radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 22.91-147.21 μM. Besides, compound 8 significantly and dose-dependently reduced H2O2-induced ROS levels in keratinocyte HaCaT cells without cytotoxicity toward HaCaT. Overall, our studies demonstrated the rhizome of C. scolymus could be used as a new natural antioxidant like the edible aerial portions and phenolic compounds are the active components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-An Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ying Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Lian Jhan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Juan-Cheng Yang
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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30
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Amadi CN, Offor SJ, Frazzoli C, Orisakwe OE. Natural antidotes and management of metal toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18032-18052. [PMID: 31079302 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The global burden of heavy metal especially mercury, arsenic, lead, and cadmium toxicities remains a significant public health challenge. Developing nations are particularly at high risk and carry the highest burden of this hazard. Chelation therapy has been the mainstay for treatment of heavy metal poisoning where the chelating agent binds metal ions to form complex ring-like structures called "chelates" to enhance their elimination from the body. Metal chelators have some drawbacks such as redistribution of some heavy metals from other tissues to the brain thereby increasing its neurotoxicity, causing loss of essential metals such as copper and zinc as well as some serious adverse effects, e.g., hepatotoxicity. The use of natural antidotes, which are easily available, affordable, and with little or no side effects compared to the classic metal chelators, is the focus of this review and suggested as cheaper options for developing nations in the treatment of heavy metal poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Nwadiuto Amadi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Samuel James Offor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Ageing, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health), Rome, Italy
| | - Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
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31
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Wang X, Jin P, Zhou Q, Liu S, Wang F, Xi S. Metal Biomonitoring and Comparative Assessment in Urine of Workers in Lead-Zinc and Steel-Iron Mining and Smelting. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:1-9. [PMID: 30054879 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and metalloid arsenicals) and their effects on workers' health from a lead-zinc mine (145 workers) and a steel smelting plant (162 workers) was investigated. Information on subject characteristics was obtained through a questionnaire. We determined the urinary levels of Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, and arsenicals (including inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), as were 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and cystatin C. Lead-zinc mine foundry workers had significantly higher concentrations of urinary Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, iAs, and MMA than did steel smelting plant workers. Individuals who had consumed seafood in the previous 3 days had higher concentrations of urinary Ni than did individuals who had not consumed seafood. The urinary Cd concentrations in the two groups of factory workers may have been affected by daily smoking. There was no significant difference in urinary 8-OHdG between workers from the lead-zinc mine foundry and the steel smelting plant. Urinary Pb and Cd had significant positive linear dose-dependent effects on 8-OHdG. Urinary cystatin C, a sensitive biological indicator reflecting early renal damage, was found at higher levels in lead-zinc mine workers than in steel smelting plant workers. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age and urinary Cd were significantly associated with urinary cystatin C. These results indicated that workers from lead-zinc mines may be exposed to higher levels of heavy metals which could lead to greater risk of kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyu Jin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Khafaga AF, Abd El-Hack ME, Taha AE, Elnesr SS, Alagawany M. The potential modulatory role of herbal additives against Cd toxicity in human, animal, and poultry: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4588-4604. [PMID: 30612355 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-4037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy and toxic metal and easily absorbed by animals and plants; subsequently, it is an environmental risk factor with several toxic effects in humans and animals. The main pathway of human or animal exposure to Cd is through its ingestion by water or food and by particles or fume inhalation during industrial processes. With continuous exposure to small levels of cadmium, it is being deposited in different tissues day after day, causing toxic effects on the liver, kidney, and testes. Long-term exposure to this toxic metal resulted in inflammatory infiltration, necrosis of hepatocytes, degenerative changes in testis tissues, reduction in spermatocytes, degeneration in renal tubules, and hypertrophy of renal epithelium. Therefore, we need an effective treatment to overcome cadmium poisoning. Thus, in the current review, we try to provide compiled reports and summarize information about the toxicological effects of Cd in human, animals, and poultry. This review also provides updated information about the protective actions of herbs and herbal extracts and their role as an effective strategy in reducing or preventing serious health problems and tissue damage in response to Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22578, Egypt
| | - Shaaban S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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33
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Toxic Effect of Acute Cadmium and Lead Exposure in Rat Blood, Liver, and Kidney. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020274. [PMID: 30669347 PMCID: PMC6351928 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cadmium and lead are widespread and non-biodegradable pollutants of great concern to human health. In real life scenarios, we are exposed to mixtures of chemicals rather than single chemicals, and it is therefore of paramount importance to assess their toxicity. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of Cd and Pb alone and as a mixture in an animal model of acute exposure. Methods: Experimental groups received a single treatment of aqueous solution of Cd-chloride (15 and 30 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) and Pb-acetate (150 mg/kg b.w.), while the mixture group received 15 mg Cd/kg b.w. and 150 mg Pb/kg b.w. Toxic effects of individual metals and their mixture were investigated on hematological and biochemical parameters, and the redox status in the plasma, liver, and kidneys of treated Wistar rats. Results: Tissue-specific changes were recorded in various parameters of oxidative damage, while the accumulation of metals in tissues accompanied the disturbances of both hematological and biochemical parameters. It was observed that the level of toxic metals in tissues had a different distribution pattern after mixture and single exposure. Conclusions: Comprehensive observations suggest that exposure to Cd and Pb mixtures produces more pronounced effects compared to the response observed after exposure to single metal solutions. However, further research is needed to confirm toxicokinetic or toxicodynamic interactions between these two toxic metals in the organisms.
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Hueza IM, Gotardo AT, da Silva Mattos MI, Górniak SL. Immunomodulatory effect of Cynara scolymus (artichoke) in rats. Phytother Res 2018; 33:167-173. [PMID: 30353592 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cynara scolymus is a plant used both as food as well as medicinal plant worldwide. Cynarin is one of the main active principles of the plant, and it is also present in species such as Echinacea purpurae, which is known to have immunomodulatory activity. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the immune effects of C. scolymus in rats. Rats were treated with 1.0-, 2.0-, or 4.0-g/kg body weight of C. scolymus extract for 28 days. Haemogram, serum biochemistry, lymphoid organs weight, and their cell phenotypes were evaluated. Macrophages and neutrophils oxidative burst, specific humoral immune response, and the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) were studied. No changes in the haemogram, biochemical profile, antibody titers, lymphoid organs, and in their cellularities were observed. An increase in the basal activity of reactive oxygen species from male's macrophage was observed. There was a suppression of the DTH response in both gender when treated with the highest dose of C. scolymus. This study is the first in the literature that revealed an immunosuppressive effect of C. scolymus. We also verified that the doses of artichoke extract here employed did not cause general toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Machado Hueza
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (ICAQF-UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil.,Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - André Tadeu Gotardo
- Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Maria Izabel da Silva Mattos
- Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Silvana Lima Górniak
- Research Centre for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
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Salekzamani S, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M, Rezazadeh K. The antioxidant activity of artichoke (Cynara scolymus): A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Phytother Res 2018; 33:55-71. [PMID: 30345589 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence has shown antioxidant activity of artichoke as a potent source of antioxidant compounds. However, it seems that the antioxidant activity of artichoke has not yet been reviewed. Therefore, the present study was designed to perform a systematic review of human studies, animal models, and in vitro systems and to conduct a meta-analysis of animal studies on the antioxidant effects of artichoke. We searched four electronic databases till April 2018 using relevant keywords. All English language articles were assessed. For animal studies, standardized mean difference was pooled using a random effects model. The included studies were evaluated for eligibility and risk of bias. Thirty-nine articles (two human, 23 animal, and 14 in vitro studies) were reviewed. The results of in vitro systems supported the antioxidant effect of artichoke, whereas limited clinical trials indicated no change or a slight improvement of antioxidant status. Finding of animal studies indicated that artichoke extract supplementation increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase level in liver, as well as, decreased malondialdehyde level in liver and plasma of animals with induced disease significantly compared with comparison group. This meta-analysis provided convincing evidence for antioxidant activity of artichoke in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Salekzamani
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khatereh Rezazadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Togno-Peirce C, Limón-Morales O, Montes-López S, Rojas-Castañeda J, Márquez-Aguiluz D, Bonilla-Jaime H, Arteaga-Silva M. Pleiotropic Effects of Cadmium Toxicity on the Neuroendocrine-Immune Network. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/nib-180138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Togno-Peirce
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, DCBS, The Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ofelia Limón-Morales
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, DCBS, The Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Montes-López
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Dr. Manuel Velasco Suarez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Darla Márquez-Aguiluz
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, DCBS, The Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, DCBS, The Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Arteaga-Silva
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, DCBS, The Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
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Yildirim S, Celikezen FC, Oto G, Sengul E, Bulduk M, Tasdemir M, Ali Cinar D. An Investigation of Protective Effects of Litium Borate on Blood and Histopathological Parameters in Acute Cadmium-Induced Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 182:287-294. [PMID: 28685242 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the protective effects of lithium borate (LTB) on blood parameters and histopathological findings in experimentally induced acute cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rats. Twenty-eight male Wistar albino rats were used, weighing 200-220 g, and they were randomly divided into four groups, including one control and the following three experimental groups: a Cd group (0.025 mmol/kg), a LTB group (15 mg/kg/day orally for 5 days), and a LTB + Cd group (15 mg/kg/day orally for 5 days and Cd 0.025 mmol/kg by intraperitoneal injection on the fifth day). All the rats in the study were anesthetized with ketamine at the end of the sixth day, blood was taken from their hearts, and then the rats were decapitated. The values in the control and LTB group were usually close to each other. White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil %, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels increased in the Cd and LTB + Cd groups while lymphocyte and monocyte levels decreased in a statistically significant manner, in comparison to the other groups. It was determined that the levels of red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (Htc), and hemoglobin (Hb) did not change in the groups. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the Cd and LTB + Cd groups significantly increased, in comparison to the other groups, while the glucose, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (ALB), and total protein (TP) levels decreased. According to histopathological findings in the control and LTB groups, the liver and kidney tissues were found to have normal histological structures. In the Cd group, severe necrotic hemorrhagic hepatitis, mild steatosis, and mononuclear cell infiltration were detected in the liver. In the LTB + Cd group, degeneration and mild mononuclear cell infiltration were found in the liver. Regarding the kidney tissue in the Cd group, severe intertubular hyperemia in both kidney cortex and medulla, as well as degeneration and necrosis in the tubulus epithelium, was observed. In the LTB + Cd group, mild interstitial hyperemia and mononuclear cell infiltration was detected. Resultantly, it can be said that LTB at this dose has non-toxic effects and some beneficial effects for liver and kidney damage caused by acute Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Caglar Celikezen
- Department of Chemisty, Faculty of Sciences and Letter Bitlis Eren University, Bitlis, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Oto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Emin Sengul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bulduk
- Ercis Vocational High School, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - M Tasdemir
- Department of Chemisty, Faculty of Sciences and Letter Bitlis Eren University, Bitlis, Turkey
| | - D Ali Cinar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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