Basic red 2 and methyl violet adsorption by date pits: adsorbent characterization, optimization by RSM and CCD, equilibrium and kinetic studies

Bio-adsorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution using the ZnO-modified date pits

The bio-adsorption of heavy metals (including Cu2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+) in aqueous solution and also in an industry wastewater using the ZnO-modified date pits (MDP) as the bio-adsorbent are investigated. The fresh and used bio-adsorbents were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, BET, and XRD. The bio-adsorption parameters (including the pH of solution, the particle size of MDP, the shaking speed, the initial concentration of heavy metals, the dosing of MDP, the adsorption time, and the adsorption temperature) were screened and the data were used to optimize the bio-adsorption process and to study the bio-adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics. Two adsorption models (Langmuir isotherm model and Freundlich isotherm model) and three kinetic models (pseudo-first-order model, pseudo-second-order model, and intra-particle diffusion model) were applied to model the experimental data. Results show that the maximum adsorption amount of Cu2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ on a complete monolayer of MDP are 82.4, 71.9, and 66.3 mg g-1, which are over 4 times of those of date pits-based bio-adsorbents reported in literature. The bio-adsorption of heavy metals on MDP is spontaneous and exothermic, and is regulated by chemical adsorption on the homogeneous and heterogeneous adsorption sites of MDP surface. This work demonstrates an effective modification protocol for improved bio-adsorption performance of the date pits-based bio-adsorbent, which is cheap and originally from a waste.

Polymeric Networks Derived from UV-Curing of Bio-Based Polyesters for Methyl Violet Removal

In this study, firstly, the syntheses and characterizations of biobased polyesters with different acid values obtained from the condensation reaction of biobased itaconic acid and polyethylene glycol were investigated. Then, UV curing was applied to form polymeric networks as adsorbent material from these polyesters containing different acids. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used for the characterization of polymeric networks. The effects of the parameters of contact time, initial dye concentration, pH, temperature, amount of adsorbent on adsorption were investigated by batch method. In addition, adsorption equilibrium data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Elovich, Redlich-Peterson, Harkin-Jura and Jossens adsorption models. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies were performed at 298, 308, 318 and 328 K and desorption studies were also examined. Comparison studies for the effects of the acid values of the adsorbent materials on the removal of methyl violet (MV) organic pollutant from aqueous solutions were analyzed. According to the pseudo-second-order model, the adsorption capacities were found to be ≥ 357.14 mg/g for the adsorbents. From the thermodynamic data, it was determined that the mechanism was exothermic and spontaneous. As a result of the third reuse, it was found that the adsorbents had a removal efficiency of ≥ 72.36%. According to the results observed the increase in the acidities in the chemical structure of bio-based polymeric networks enhances the adsoption properties.

Optimization of adsorption performance of cerium-loaded intercalated bentonite by CCD-RSM and GA-BPNN and its application in simultaneous removal of phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen

Excessive phosphorus (P) and ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) in water bodies can lead to eutrophication of the aquatic environment. Therefore, it is important to develop a technology that can efficiently remove P and NH₃-N from water. Here, the adsorption performance of cerium-loaded intercalated bentonite (Ce-bentonite) was optimized based on single-factor experiments using central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM) and genetic algorithm-back propagation neural network (GA-BPNN) models. Based on the determination coefficient (R²), mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root mean square error (RMSE), the GA-BPNN model was found to be more accurate in predicting adsorption conditions than the CCD-RSM model. The validation results showed that the removal efficiency of P and NH₃-N by Ce-bentonite under optimal adsorption conditions (adsorbent dosage = 1.0 g, adsorption time = 60 min, pH = 8, initial concentration = 30 mg/L) reached 95.70% and 65.93%. Furthermore, based on the application of these optimal conditions in simultaneous removal of P and NH₃-N by Ce-bentonite, pseudo-second order and Freundlich models were able to better analyze adsorption kinetics and isotherms. It is concluded that the optimization of experimental conditions by GA-BPNN has some guidance and provides a new approach to explore adsorption performance after optimizing the conditions.

Application of Bentonite Clay, Date Pit, and Chitosan Nanoparticles as Promising Adsorbents to Sequester Toxic Lead and Cadmium from Milk

Evaluating residual lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels in food products, especially milk, is critical for product safety and quality. In this purview, the current study aims to determine Pb and Cd concentrations in milk using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and compare their values with international standards. In addition, it aims to remove these metals from milk samples using low-cost, naturally occurring materials, such as bentonite, date pit, and chitosan nanoparticles. The ability of potential adsorbents was also investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Moreover, their impact on milk's nutritional properties was considered. The results revealed that most milk samples contained Pb and Cd, with mean values of 0.237 ± 0.179 and 0.041 ± 0.036 mg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the three possible adsorbents demonstrated high sequestering ability due to their existing functional groups; the adsorption capacity of bentonite to Pb and Cd was 84 and 88%, date pit was 97 and 93%, and chitosan nanoparticles were 82 and 98%, respectively, with no discernible change in milk nutritional contents. In conclusion, the bentonite, date pit, and chitosan nanoparticles were found to be significantly effective and safe in removing hazardous trace elements (Pb and Cd) from contaminated milk.

Adsorption capacity of activated carbon derived from date seeds: Characterization, optimization, kinetic and equilibrium studies

Agricultural wastes have the potential to be reused in applications such as water/wastewater treatment. Several studies have focused on activating organic waste, such as date seeds, to produce activated carbon. However, these studies have always assumed that all date seeds behave similarly to each other. In this study, we evaluated different types of date seeds and characterized their physical-chemical properties. The results showed variation in the seed-to-fruit weight percentage, ash content, and moisture content among different seed types. Different activation procedures were performed to find the optimum combination of physical and chemical interventions. KOH impregnation yielded better results than H₃PO₄ impregnation. The maximum adsorption capacity was measured for nine different types of date seeds, and the Khalas seed type yielded the highest methylene blue (MB) adsorption capacity of 165 mg of MB/g of activated date seeds (ADS), which is 71% of the capacity of commercial activated carbon (CAC). Kinetics model was fitted to the experimental data, and the pseudo-second-order model provided the best fit, indicating that the adsorption process occurred following a chemical process rather than being controlled by intraparticle diffusion only. The results showed no significant difference among the three isotherm models used to fit the experimental data. The results indicated that there is a significant difference among various types of seeds regarding adsorption performance. The application of ADS in treating synthetic produced water showed that its performance is one third that of CAC. ADS showed promising potential in comparison with CAC, mostly considering the costs involved with CAC.

Optimization of Adsorption Parameters for Removal of Cationic Dyes on Lignocellulosic Agricultural Waste Modified by Citric Acid: Central Composite Design

Barley straw (BS-C) and corn stalks (CS-C) modified by citric acid are hopeful adsorbents for the removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions. Optimization of adsorption factors to improve removal of methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) on BC-C and CS-C was carried out by response surface methodology with central composite design. The effect of pH, time, dye concentration, and adsorbent dose on the removal efficiency of cationic dyes was investigated. The experimental data were in good agreement with the predicted data obtained by mathematical models. Accordingly, the maximum MB removal efficiency on BS-C of 97% was achieved with a pH of 6.4, time of 50 min, an adsorbent dose of 11 g L−1, and an initial MB concentration of 26 mg L−1; the maximum MG removal efficiency on BS-C of 95% was achieved with a pH of 7.2, time of 60 min, an adsorbent dose of 14 g L−1, and an initial MG concentration of 24 mg L−1; the maximum MB removal efficiency on CS-C of 97% was achieved with a pH of 6.5, time of 45 min, an adsorbent dose of 11 g L−1, and an initial MB concentration of 20 mg L−1; the maximum MG removal efficiency on CS-C of 94% was achieved with a pH of 6.6, time of 50 min, an adsorbent dose of 12 g L−1, and an initial MG concentration of 24 mg L−1.

Adsorption of methyl violet dye onto a prepared bio-adsorbent from date seeds: isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies

Raw date seeds, as prospective natural, broadly obtainable and low-price agricultural waste for adsorbing cationic dyes from aqueous solutions, have been studied. In this work, Iraqi date seeds were prepared and characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis before being used as an efficient bio-adsorbent for methyl violet (MV) dye removal. Adsorption tests were conducted with three investigated parameters, namely, time of contact, first adsorbate concentration and adsorbent dose. Compared with the pseudo first-order model (coefficient of determination = 0.9001), the pseudo second-order model was determined to be the best-fitting model with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9917. The equilibrium isotherms for MV were obtained, and their ultimate capacity of adsorption was (59.5 mg g¹). Two isotherm models, Langmuir and Freundlich, were studied to fit the equilibrium data. Compared with the Freundlich isotherm model (R² = 0.8154), the Langmuir model functioned better as an adsorption isotherm with R² of 0.9837. In addition, the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The date seeds acted as active adsorbents to remove MV from the aqueous solutions in the model experiments.

Adsorption-enhanced photocatalytic property of Ag-doped biochar/g-C3N4/TiO2 composite by incorporating cotton-based biochar

In this study, the biochar obtained from waste cotton fibers was introduced into the Ag-doped g-C3N4/TiO2 hybrid composite through a facile one-step hydrothermal process. The morphology, elemental composition, crystal structure, microstructure, specific surface area, chemical bonding state, energy band structure, and separation efficiency of photoinduced charge carriers of the resultant composite were examined using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscope, surface area analyzer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscope, and photoluminescence spectroscope. The adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics of the biochar, Ag-doped g-C3N4/TiO2 and Ag-doped biochar/g-C3N4/TiO2 were evaluated using the model methyl orange dye. The photoacatalytic degradation of the model pollutants including methyl orange, methylene blue, congo red, and tetracycline hydrochloride and the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) ions were also assessed under visible light. Experimental results indicated that the photocatalytic property of the Ag-doped biochar/g-C3N4/TiO2 was significantly enhanced through the adsorption enhancement compared with the Ag-doped g-C3N4/TiO2. This was due to the uniform doping of multi-scale porous biochar with g-C3N4 nanosheet, Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles. The adsorptive enhancement induced by the biochar resulted in the narrowed band gap, suitable electronic energy band structure, and fast separation of photoinduced charge carriers of the Ag-doped biochar/g-C3N4/TiO2, which was probably due to the coexistence of multi-valence Ti+4/+3 and Ag0/+1 species and oxygen-containing groups of biochar. The major reactive species of the Ag-doped biochar/g-C3N4/TiO2 were 1O2 and h+. The MO dye adsorption onto the Ag-doped biochar/g-C3N4/TiO2 followed the Langmuir isotherm model, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, and the adsorption process was an endothermic reaction with entropy reduction effects. As such, the Ag-doped biochar/g-C3N4/TiO2 exhibited a promising application for the treatment of wastewater containing multi-pollutants especially organic dyes and heavy metal ions.

Antibiotic Removal from the Aquatic Environment with Activated Carbon Produced from Pumpkin Seeds

Antibiotics are among the most critical environmental pollutant drug groups. Adsorption is one of the methods used to eliminate these pollutants. In this study, activated carbon was produced from pumpkin seed shells and subsequently modified with KOH. The adsorbent obtained through this procedure was used to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous systems. Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), elemental, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Zeta analyses were used to characterize the adsorbent. The surface area, in particular, was found to be a very remarkable value of 2730 m²/g. The conditions of the adsorption experiments were optimized based on interaction time, adsorbent amount, pH and temperature. Over 99% success was achieved in removal operations carried out under the most optimal conditions, with an absorption capacity of 884.9 mg·g⁻¹. In addition, the Langmuir isotherm was determined to be the most suitable model for the adsorption interaction.

Ni(II) removal using date seed powder biosorbent: Process parameters classification and RSM modeling

The effects of pH, particle size, adsorbent mass and stirring time on the adsorption efficiency were investigated. The univariate linear regression algorithm was applied on experimental data to rank the most effective parameters on the Ni(II) removal percentage. Response surface method (RSM) was then applied to model and optimize the operating conditions of the removal process. Results revealed that the most effective operation parameters on Ni(II) removal is the solution's pH. It has been concluded that the highest removal of 94.13% is obtained with stirring time of 29.15 min, particle size 137.81 µm, added mass absorbent of 0.346 g and pH of 12.04. Experimental verification showed removal percentage of 93.5% concluding agreement with that obtained by model prediction.Implications: The removal of Ni(II) ions from wastewater utilizing the agricultural waste of date seed powder is dominated by many parameters; solution pH, initial Ni(II) concentration, adsorbent mass, particle size, operational temperature and contact time. This research classifies these parameters to define the ones that significantly impacts the removal process. Modeling of these parameters was then conducted to study the impact of every set on the removal efficiency thus defining the optimum operating conditions. The findings of this study can be used to create optimal operating conditions that are capable of achieving higher removal percentages than are currently available.

Natural carbohydrate-based thermosensitive chitosan/pectin adsorbent for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions

Biodegradable and eco-friendly adsorbents composed of natural carbohydrates have been used to replace carbon-based materials. This study presents a natural carbohydrate-based chitosan/pectin (CS/Pec) hydrogel adsorbent to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The physical CS/Pec hydrogel was prepared by blending aqueous CS and Pec solutions at 65 °C, preventing the use of toxic chemistries (crosslinking agents). The thermosensitive CS/Pec hydrogel was quickly created by cooling CS/Pec blend at room temperature. The used strategy created stable CS/Pec hydrogel against disintegration and water dissolution. The as-prepared hydrogel was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorbent had 1.688 mmol -COO^- for each gram. These ionized sites bind Pb(II) ions, promoting their adsorption. The adsorption kinetic and equilibrium studies indicated that the Elovich and pseudo-second-order models adjusted well to the experimental data, respectively. The maximum removal capacities (q_m) predicted by the Langmuir and Sips isotherms achieved 108.2 and 97.55 mg/g at 0.83 g/L adsorbent dosage (pH 4.0). The hydrogel/Pb(II) pair was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray dispersive energy (EDS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The chemisorption seems to play an essential role in the Pb(II) adsorption. Therefore, the adsorbent was not recovered, showing low potential for reusability.

Ultrasound-assisted solid phase microextraction-HPLC method based on Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2-molecularly imprinted polymer magnetic nano-sorbent for rapid and efficient extraction of harmaline from Peganum harmala extract

In the present study, a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) was synthesized for the extraction of harmaline from Peganum harmala by dispersive solid-phase microextraction (DSPME). The MMIP for selective and intelligent extraction of harmaline with excellent functionality and high selectivity was synthesized using the sol-gel method with functionalized superparamagnetic core-shell nanoparticles, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as a cross-linker, methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer, and 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a porogen. To study the properties and morphology of the coated polymer, FT-IR spectroscopy, FESEM, TEM images, and VSM were used. The DSPME-HPLC-UV equipment was used to quantify and analyze the data obtained from harmaline extraction. In this research, the efficiency of the synthesized polymer in harmaline extraction was modeled and optimized using the response surface methodology based on central composite design (RSM-CCD). In addition, for modeling the isotherm of harmaline sorption by the MMIP, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations were used. The obtained results showed that the extraction of harmaline with the MMIP was well described with Freundlich isotherm. The results of the validation of the method showed that the measurement of harmaline in the concentration range of 1.0-4000 ng mL^-1 followed a linear relationship (R² = 9986.0). Moreover, the accuracy or repeatability index (% RSD) was determined to be < 10, and the LOQ and LOD values were 0.526 and 0.158 ng mL^-1, respectively. The results of this study showed that the DSPME technique by using the synthesized MMIP as an effective sorbent with high efficiency and capacity could be utilized for pre-concentration and extraction of harmaline from real and complex samples.

Removal of color from real textile dyeing effluent utilizing tannin immobilized jute fiber as biosorbent: optimization with response surface methodology

The present study explored an efficient technoeconomic method for treating intensely colored dyeing effluents from a commercial source. Firstly, the adsorption efficacy of jute fiber (JF) was enhanced through grafting with tannin, a natural polyphenol, via incorporation of active epoxy groups by epichlorohydrin onto fiber surface. The effect of different experimental parameters (e.g., initial pH, adsorbent dose, temperature, and contact time) on extent of color removal was evaluated performing batch studies. A full factorial central composite design (CCD) in response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the decolorization process for achieving maximum color removal (99.5%) at pH 4.9, adsorbent dose 11.8 g/L, temperature 30 °C, and time of contact 117.8 min. The isotherm and kinetic studies of the process revealed that Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model provided best fit, yielding high correlation coefficients (R² > 0.997). Significant desorption (76%) of the spent adsorbent by 0.1 M NaOH solution suggested that this tannin-modified JF can find a prospective practical application as a novel, inexpensive, and potential bioadsorbent to treat the dyeing effluent.

Removal of 17β-estradiol from aqueous systems with hydrophobic microspheres

Sub-microparticles have many applications in different fields today. In this study, it is aimed to develop hydrophobic microparticles as an alternative to existing methods and to determine the 17β-estradiol adsorption performance of this adsorbent to purify the 17β-estradiol hormone which is found as an endocrine disruptor in environmental waters with high capacity and low cost. In this study, l-phenylalanine containing Poly(HEMA-MAPA) microparticles were synthesized by microemulsion polymerization and used as adsorbent. Microparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) methods. The size of the Poly(HEMA-MAPA) microparticles used was measured as 120–200 nm. Specific surface area and elemental analysis studies were also conducted. While the surface area of the particles was found to be a very high value of 1890 m2/g, the amount of incorporation of MAPA into the polymeric structure was calculated as 0.43 mmol/g. Adsorption studies were carried out in the batch system under different ambient conditions (17β-estradiol concentration, temperature, ionic intensity). The adsorption capacity of Poly(HEMA-MAPA) microparticles was calculated to be 98.4 mg/g. Isotherm models for adsorption interaction were investigated deeply, and it was determined that the adsorption mechanism is suitable for Langmuir isotherm.

Caffeine removal using Elaeis guineensis activated carbon: adsorption and RSM studies

The palm (Elaeis guineensis), known as dendê, is an important oleaginous Brazilian plant with a high performance of oil production. In this work, a 2³ full experimental design was performed and the response surface method (RSM) was used to indicate the optimum parameter of caffeine adsorption on Elaeis guineensis endocarp activated carbon, since the endocarp is the main by-product from dendê oil production. It was set the adsorbent point of zero charge (pH_pzc), and the material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The RSM results indicate removal efficiency (%) at the optimal conditions, 0.20 g of adsorbent, and caffeine initial concentration of 20 mg/L, and acidic medium was about 95%. Based on ANOVA and F test (F_calculated > F_standard), the mathematical/statistical model obtained fits well to the experimental data. The overall kinetic studies showed time was achieved after 5 h and caffeine adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model suggesting chemisorption is a predominant mechanism. Redlich-Peterson and Sips models best represented the experimental data (0.967 < R² < 0.993). Thermodynamic revealed that caffeine adsorption was spontaneous at all temperatures studied, exothermic, and probably with changes in the adsorbate-adsorbent complex during the process. The tests conducted in different water matrixes corroborate the suitability of this adsorbent to be used in caffeine removal even in a complex solution.

Insights into facile synthesized pomelo biochar adsorbing thallium: potential remediation in agricultural soils

Little information is available on thallium (Tl) adsorption onto fruit-derived biochar. In this study, pomelo peel and waste pomelo were thus chosen to prepare two kinds of biochars recorded as PPB and WPB. The two produced biochars subsequently evaluated their potential remediation of thallium (Tl) contamination in agricultural soils by their Tl adsorption capacity. Results showed that the two pomelo-derived biochars presented obvious microporous structure and rich oxygen-containing functional group, supported by the observant data of specific surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, Langmuir isothermal adsorption model can better fit the adsorption behavior of thallium onto PPB and WPB, and the subsequent maximum adsorption capacity was 4283.9 μg g^-1 and 5286.0 μg g^-1, respectively. In addition, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model could well fit the kinetic behavior of thallium adsorption onto PPB and WPB, indicating that the process is accompanied by chemical adsorption. Meanwhile, in agricultural soils, PPB and WPB can be used as environmentally friendly adsorbents to remediate Tl contamination due to their pH increase of the tested soils and their comparable adsorption ability of Tl. The obtained findings can provide insights into comprehensively developed fruit-derived biochar technology to remediate Tl contamination in agricultural soils.

Olive Mill Wastewater: From a Pollutant to Green Fuels, Agricultural Water Source, and Bio-Fertilizer. Part 2: Water Recovery

Water shortage is a very concerning issue in the Mediterranean region, menacing the viability of the agriculture sector and in some countries, population wellbeing. At the same time, liquid effluent volumes generated from agro-food industries in general and olive oil industry in particular, are quite huge. Thus, the main aim of this work is to suggest a sustainable solution for the management of olive mill wastewaters (OMWW) with possible reuse in irrigation. This work is a part of a series of papers valorizing all the outputs of a three-phase system of oil mills. It deals with recovery, by condensation, of water from both OMWW and OMWW-impregnated biomasses (sawdust and wood chips), during a convective drying operation (air velocity: 1 m/s and air temperature: 50 °C). The experimental results showed that the water yield recovery reaches about 95%. The condensate waters have low electrical conductivity and salinities but also acidic pH values and slightly high chemical oxygen demand (COD) values. However, they could be returned suitable for reuse in agriculture after additional low-cost treatment.

Dynamics and Kinetics of Cupric Ion Removal from Wastewaters by Tunisian Solid Crude Olive-Oil Waste

The present paper aims to develop a low cost, efficient, and environmentally-friendly process to purify (industrial) waters contaminated by copper by the use of oil mill wastes, through kinetic, thermodynamic, and equilibrium investigations. To do so, the raw adsorbent was characterized using different analytical techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Then, the interaction between copper and olive residues were examined during batch adsorption tests at various operating parameters, such as pH, initial concentration, contact time, and particle size. Kinetic data were best fitted with Broeurs-Sotolongo kinetic model. Additionally, it was found that film and intraparticle diffusion steps controlled simultaneously the mass transfer of copper onto olive mill solid waste. Among the eight tested models, Broeurs-Sotolongo isotherm suited the most the sorption, with regards to the function errors analysis. It was deduced that the adsorption of copper does not involve chemical bonds with high energy which allows easier regeneration steps and higher number of biosorbent regeneration cycles without any need for applying high temperature in the desorption reaction systems. The adsorption capacity (18.93 mg/g) calculated on the basis of this model was close to the experimental value (18.4 mg/g) but more interestingly it brought up that 50% of the generated amounts of olive wastes in Tunisia could eliminate 1.84 kTons of copper from industrial waters.