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AbuBakar U, Low ZX, Aris MZM, Lani R, Abidin SAZ, Abdullah-Zawawi MR, Hassandarvish P, Karsani SA, Khairat JE. Antiviral potential of diosmin against influenza A virus. Sci Rep 2025; 15:17192. [PMID: 40382364 PMCID: PMC12085588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-00744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025] Open
Abstract
Influenza poses a global health threat. With drug-resistant strains emerging, there is an urgent need for effective antiviral drugs. This study explores antiviral potential of flavonoids against influenza A virus (IAV) and their mechanism of action. By utilizing in silico docking as a screening approach, diosmin, orientin, and fisetin were identified as flavonoids with the strongest interactions with viral proteins. Out of them, diosmin was found to effectively inhibit IAV replication in vitro, particularly at the attachment and post-entry stages, with significant inhibition observed at 0-h post-infection (hpi) and 2 hpi, while also demonstrated prophylactic activity, peaking at - 2 hpi. Following that, diosmin significantly increases the expression of antiviral genes, which may relate to the discovery of its prophylactic activity. Proteomics analysis showed that diosmin treatment during the post-entry stage of IAV replication reduced viral protein levels, confirming its antiviral activity at this point. Additionally, diosmin also modulated host proteins related to innate immunity, inducing type I interferon and anti-inflammatory responses during the infection. These findings provide preliminary evidence of diosmin's antiviral and prophylactic activity against IAV, paving the way for further research on its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umarqayum AbuBakar
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Zhao Xuan Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Rafidah Lani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad-Redha Abdullah-Zawawi
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Jalan Ya'acob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jasmine Elanie Khairat
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Center for Natural Products and Drugs Research, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Ren F, Li Y, Luo H, Gao S, Jiang S, Yang J, Rao C, Chen Y, Peng C. Extraction, detection, bioactivity, and product development of luteolin: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e41068. [PMID: 39759280 PMCID: PMC11700251 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Luteolin is a kind of natural flavonoid, widely existing in a variety of plants, has been revealed to have a wide range of biological activities. In recent years, the research results of luteolin are abundant. Here we review the latest research results of luteolin in order to provide new ideas for further research and development of luteolin. In this paper, the focus of the search was published between 2010 and 2024 on the extraction and determination of luteolin, biological activities, and the development and application of luteolin products. A comprehensive search using the keyword "luteolin" was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science and WIPO databases. Through the collection of related literature, this paper summarized a variety of extraction techniques of luteolin, including immersion extraction, solvent extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and so on. The determination methods include: thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), electrochemical method (ED) and so on. In addition, the biological activities of luteolin, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antibacterial, analgesic and so on, were described. And luteolin as the main component of the product is being gradually developed, and has been used in the field of food, medicine and cosmetics. This paper provides a reference for further study of luteolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajian Ren
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanyuan Luo
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Song Gao
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Chuan-chu UNITED INTERNATIONAL Engineering Co., LTD, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaolong Rao
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611137, China
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Zhang X, Zhou S, Yu H, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Niu FJ, Zhou C, Wan X, Gao L. Investigating the antiviral activity of Erigeron annuus (L.) pers extract against RSV and examining its active components. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118581. [PMID: 39019415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The plants in the genus Erigeron are known to exhibit antiviral activities, including those against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In traditional medicine Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers (EA) has been used in the treatment of pulmonary diseases and acute infectious hepatitis. AIM OF THIS STUDY The aim of this study is to determine the optimum extraction method to produce the most potent anti-RSV extract, elucidate its mode and mechanisms of antiviral activity in both in vitro and in vivo models, and identify the chemical structures of the bioactive compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS The whole plant of EA was extracted with ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, water, aqueous methanol (60, 80% and 100%) and aqueous ethanol (50, 75% and 95%) using maceration, reflux, and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods. The antiviral activities of the extracts were determined in vitro. The in vitro antiviral activities of the extracts were determined using Hep-2 cells. Four in vitro experiments were performed to determine the mode of antiviral activity of the most active extract, ethyl acetate fraction (EAE) of Erigeron annuus whole plant extract prepared by refluxing with 50% ethanol, by examining its ability to inactivate the virus directly, inhibit viral adsorption and penetration, inhibit viral replication and preventive effect. The effect of temperature and duration of treatment on these modes of action was also determined. The antiviral activity of the EAE was also assessed in vivo in a mouse model. The lung index, viral load, and lung tissue histology were measured. qRT-PCR and ELISA studies were performed to determine the expression of key genes (TLR-3 and TLR-4) and proteins (IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) related to RSV infection. The most active antiviral compound was isolated using chromatography techniques, and its chemical structure was identified through electrospray triple quadrupole mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS The EAE was the most active on RSV. In vitro experiments showed that the antiviral activity of EAE is via direct inactivation, inhibition of entry, and inhibition of the proliferation of the virus. In vivo experiments showed that the EAE effectively inhibited the proliferation of RSV in the lungs and alleviated the lung tissue lesions in RSV-infected mice. The antiviral activity of the EAE is mediated by downregulating the expression of TLR3 and TLR4 in the lung, upregulating the expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ, and downregulating the expression of TNF-α. Apigenin 7-O-methylglucuronide was found to be a major bioactive compound in EAE. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirmed the antiviral activity of EA by inactivating, inhibiting the entry, and inhibiting the proliferation of RSV. The activity is mediated by regulating the immunity and inflammatory mediators. Apigenin 7-O-methylglucuronide is the bioactive compound present in EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Shengjun Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250013, China
| | - Hongyu Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Yuzhuo Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Feng Jv Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Changzheng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
| | - Xinhuan Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
| | - Lina Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
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Kim MY, Kim JI, Kim SW, Kim S, Oh E, Lee J, Lee E, An YJ, Han CY, Lee H, Lee MH. Influence of Secondary Metabolites According to Maturation of Perilla ( Perilla frutescens) on Respiratory Protective Effect in Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)-Induced Human Nasal Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12119. [PMID: 39596187 PMCID: PMC11594022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252212119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Revised: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure worsens chronic respiratory diseases through oxidative stress and inflammation. Perilla frutescens (L.) has potential respiratory protective properties, but the impact of growth stages on its beneficial metabolites is unclear. We aimed to evaluate how different growth stages affect phenolic acids, flavonoids, and polycosanols in perilla seeds and flowers and their efficacy in countering PM2.5-induced damage. Perilla seeds and flowers from five varieties at 10, 20, 30, and 40 days post-flowering were analyzed for metabolite content. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and respiratory protective effects were tested in RPMI 2650 cells. Our findings indicated that perilla flowers contained higher levels of functional components than seeds and exhibited significant variation with maturation. Phenolic acids of perilla flowers were highest at the early stages of maturation after flowering. However, individual flavones of perilla flowers were the highest at the late maturation stages after flowering. Extracts from perilla flowers harvested 20 days after flowering exhibited significant respiratory protection, effectively inhibiting inflammatory cytokines, mucus secretion, and oxidative stress markers. In conclusion, the flower parts of perilla, particularly those harvested 20 days after flowering, are useful materials for obtaining phenolic compounds, including rosmarinic acid, with high antioxidant and respiratory enhancement effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Young Kim
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Milyang 50424, Republic of Korea; (J.-I.K.); (S.-W.K.); (S.K.); (E.O.); (J.L.); (E.L.); (Y.-J.A.); (C.-Y.H.); (H.L.); (M.-H.L.)
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Li D, Wang Z, Wang W, Zheng Z, Wei H, Su Q, Yang M, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Yu X, Zhang P, Shu Y. The therapeutic effect of Yinqiaosan decoction against influenza A virus infection by regulating T cell receptor signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36178. [PMID: 39253133 PMCID: PMC11382312 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Yinqiaosan decoction (YQSD), a traditional Chinese medicinal recipe, has been employed to treat influenza in China for approximately 300 years. Objective Our study aimed to explore the mechanisms of YQSD against influenza via in vivo and in vitro experimental studies. Study design and methods UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was utilized to examine the substances of the YQSD. The chemical components of YQSD detected by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS were used for network pharmacology analysis. The antiviral effect of YQSD in vivo was investigated. The potential mechanisms of YQSD in combating influenza, which were predicted from network pharmacology analysis, were validated in vitro. Results By use of UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, 97 compounds were identified from YQSD. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that the therapeutic effect of YQSD against influenza may be associated with the regulation of T cell receptors (TCR) and Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K)- protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways. Treatment with YQSD significantly prolonged the mean survival time of the mice and reduced lung injury due to the influenza A virus in vivo. It was discovered that YQSD efficiently inhibited the expression of inflammation-related cytokines. Moreover, YQSD has been found to significantly reduce the expression levels of cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and H1N1 virus nucleoprotein (NP), and prevent the decrease of epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) protein. In addition, YQSD can inhibit the phosphorylation of the zeta chain of T cell receptor-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP70) and PI3K proteins in vitro. Conclusion The capacity of YQSD to suppress viral multiplication and inflammatory response by modulating T cell immunity may explain its effect against influenza viral pneumonia, which may involve the regulation of TCR and PI3K signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danting Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zekun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wenlei Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine &Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhihui Zheng
- Institute of Translational Medicine &Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hailin Wei
- Institute of Translational Medicine &Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qin Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine &Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yimeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaocong Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Pinghu Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine &Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yachun Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Seaside Rehabilitation Hospital, Lianyungang, 222042, China
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Ruan B, Zheng Z, Kayitmazer AB, Ahmad A, Ramzan N, Rafique MS, Wang J, Xu Y. Polymeric pH-Responsive Metal-Supramolecular Nanoparticles for Synergistic Chemo-Photothermal Therapy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39075714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive drug delivery carriers, particularly those exhibiting pH sensitivity, have attracted significant scholarly interest due to their promising potential in anticancer therapeutic applications. This phenomenon can primarily be ascribed to the inherently acidic nature of tumor microenvironments. However, pH-responsive carriers frequently require the incorporation of functional groups or materials sensitive to pH changes. Given the pH-sensitive characteristics of metal coordination with natural small-molecule drugs, organometallic supramolecules present a facile and effective strategy for integrating pH-responsive behavior into these systems. Meanwhile, utilizing the natural compound luteolin in conjunction with iron ions (Fe3+) through the advanced engineering technique of flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) results in the synthesis of stable, highly loaded nanoparticles (NPs) exhibiting a supramolecular photothermal effect. Our experimental findings substantiate that the photothermal effect persists over time, even after the pH-responsive release phase has ended. Consequently, these polymeric pH-responsive metallic supramolecular nanoparticles integrate chemotherapy and photothermal therapy, creating a synergistic approach to cancer treatment. This bifunctional platform, which exhibits both pH-responsive and photothermal properties, presents a highly promising avenue for biomedical applications, particularly in the area of tumor therapies. Its dual function offers a potentially efficacious approach to tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | | | - Ayyaz Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering and Technology, Multan 60600, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ramzan
- Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical, and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yisheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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Wu W, Lan W, Jiao X, Shao A, Wu P, Wang K, Zhan S. Mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Gang Huo Qing wen granules in the treatment of influenza based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15853. [PMID: 38982082 PMCID: PMC11233559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza (Flu) is a severe health, medical, and economic problem, but no medication that has excellent outcomes and lowers the occurrence of these problems is now available. GanghuoQingwenGranules (GHQWG) is a common Chinese herbal formula for the treatment of influenza (flu). However, its methods of action remain unknown. We used network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation techniques to investigate the pharmacological mechanism of GHQWG in flu. TCMSP and various types of literature were used to obtain active molecules and targets of GHQWG. Flu-related targets were found in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database, the DisFeNET database, the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), and the DrugBank database. To screen the key targets, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. DAVID was used to analyze GO and KEGG pathway enrichment. Target tissue and organ distribution was assessed. Molecular docking was used to evaluate interactions between possible targets and active molecules. For the ideal core protein-compound complexes obtained using molecular docking, a molecular dynamics simulation was performed. In total, 90 active molecules and 312 GHQWG targets were discovered. The PPI network's topology highlighted six key targets. GHQWG's effects are mediated via genes involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, as well as the TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways, according to GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the active compounds and tested targets had strong binding capabilities. This analysis accurately predicts the effective components, possible targets, and pathways involved in GHQWG flu treatment. We proposed a novel study strategy for future studies on the molecular processes of GHQWG in flu treatment. Furthermore, the possible active components provide a dependable source for flu drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Wu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanning Lan
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Jiao
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Axue Shao
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shaofeng Zhan
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Wang J, Zeng X, Gou J, Zhu X, Yin D, Yin L, Shen X, Dai Y, Pan X. Antiviral activity of luteolin against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in silico and in vitro. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:288. [PMID: 38961481 PMCID: PMC11221151 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) mainly causes acute and severe porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), and is highly fatal in neonatal piglets. No reliable therapeutics against the infection exist, which poses a major global health issue for piglets. Luteolin is a flavonoid with anti-viral activity toward several viruses. RESULTS We evaluated anti-viral effects of luteolin in PEDV-infected Vero and IPEC-J2 cells, and identified IC50 values of 23.87 µM and 68.5 µM, respectively. And found PEDV internalization, replication and release were significantly reduced upon luteolin treatment. As luteolin could bind to human ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) to contribute viral entry, we first identified that luteolin shares the same core binding site on pACE2 with PEDV-S by molecular docking and exhibited positive pACE2 binding with an affinity constant of 71.6 µM at dose-dependent increases by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay. However, pACE2 was incapable of binding to PEDV-S1. Therefore, luteolin inhibited PEDV internalization independent of PEDV-S binding to pACE2. Moreover, luteolin was firmly embedded in the groove of active pocket of Mpro in a three-dimensional docking model, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays confirmed that luteolin inhibited PEDV Mpro activity. In addition, we also observed PEDV-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibition and Nrf2-induced HO-1 expression. Finally, a drug resistant mutant was isolated after 10 cell culture passages concomitant with increasing luteolin concentrations, with reduced PEDV susceptibility to luteolin identified at passage 10. CONCLUSIONS Our results push forward that anti-PEDV mechanisms and resistant-PEDV properties for luteolin, which may be used to combat PED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zeng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Jiaojiao Gou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Dongdong Yin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Xuehuai Shen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Yin Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China.
| | - Xiaocheng Pan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China.
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9
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Zhu M, Sun Y, Su Y, Guan W, Wang Y, Han J, Wang S, Yang B, Wang Q, Kuang H. Luteolin: A promising multifunctional natural flavonoid for human diseases. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3417-3443. [PMID: 38666435 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Natural products are closely associated with human health. Luteolin (LUT), a flavonoid polyphenolic compound, is widely found in fruits, vegetables, flowers, and herbs. It is noteworthy that LUT exhibits a variety of beneficial pharmacological properties and holds significant potential for clinical applications, particularly in antitumor, anti-convulsion, diabetes control, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, anti-oxidation, anti-cardiovascular, and other aspects. The potential mechanism of action has been partially elucidated, including the mediation of NF-κB, toll-like receptor, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, AMPK/mTOR, and Nrf-2, among others. The review that aimed to comprehensively consolidate essential information on natural sources, pharmacological effects, therapeutic and preventive potential, as well as potential mechanisms of LUT. The objective is to establish a theoretical basis for the continued development and application of LUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Su
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Jianwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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Chen ZH, Zou QF, Jiang LJ, Liu CJ, Li JJ, Shi W, Chen ZF, Zhang FX. The comparative analysis of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos: A systematical review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117697. [PMID: 38185261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF) and Lonicerae Flos (LF) were once used as the same herb in China, but they were distinguished by Chinese Pharmacopoeia in 2005 in terms of their medicinal history, plant morphology, medicinal properties and chemical constituents. However, their functions, flavor, and meridian tropism are the same according to the Chinese pharmacopoeia 2020 edition, making researchers and customers confused. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aimed to provide a comparative analysis of LJF and LF in order to provide a rational application in future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information was gathered from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SciFinder, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Chinese Masters and Doctoral Dissertations (all chosen articles were reviewed attentively from 1980.1 to 2023.8). RESULTS Till now, 507 chemical compounds have been isolated and identified in LJF, while 223 ones (79 overlapped compounds) are found in LF, including organic acids and derivatives, flavonoids, triterpenoids, iridoids, and essential oil components, etc. In addition, the pharmacological activities of LJF and LF, especially for their anti-influenza efficacy and mechanism, and their difference in terms of pharmacokinetic parameters, toxicology, and clinical applications were also summarized. CONCLUSION The current work offers comparative information between LJF and LF in terms of botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and pharmacology, especially their anti-influenza activities. Despite the same clinical applications and similar chemical components in LJF and LF, differentiated components were still existed, resulting in differentiated pharmacological activities and pharmacokinetics parameters. Moreover, the research about anti-influenza mechanism and functional substances of LJF and LF is dramatically limited, restricting their clinical applications. In addition, few studies have investigated the metabolism feature of LF in vivo, which is one of the important bases for revealing the pharmacological mechanism of LF. At the same time, the toxicity of LJF and LF is not fully studied, and the toxic compounds of LJF and LF need to be screened out in order to standardize the drug use and improve their rational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Qi-Feng Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Li-Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Cheng-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Jin-Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Feng-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
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Camelo ALM, Zamora Obando HR, Rocha I, Dias AC, Mesquita ADS, Simionato AVC. COVID-19 and Comorbidities: What Has Been Unveiled by Metabolomics? Metabolites 2024; 14:195. [PMID: 38668323 PMCID: PMC11051775 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about diverse impacts on the global population. Individuals with comorbidities were more susceptible to the severe symptoms caused by the virus. Within the crisis scenario, metabolomics represents a potential area of science capable of providing relevant information for understanding the metabolic pathways associated with the intricate interaction between the viral disease and previous comorbidities. This work aims to provide a comprehensive description of the scientific production pertaining to metabolomics within the specific context of COVID-19 and comorbidities, while highlighting promising areas for exploration by those interested in the subject. In this review, we highlighted the studies of metabolomics that indicated a variety of metabolites associated with comorbidities and COVID-19. Furthermore, we observed that the understanding of the metabolic processes involved between comorbidities and COVID-19 is limited due to the urgent need to report disease outcomes in individuals with comorbidities. The overlap of two or more comorbidities associated with the severity of COVID-19 hinders the comprehension of the significance of each condition. Most identified studies are observational, with a restricted number of patients, due to challenges in sample collection amidst the emergent situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz Melo Camelo
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Hans Rolando Zamora Obando
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Isabela Rocha
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Aline Cristina Dias
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Alessandra de Sousa Mesquita
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Ana Valéria Colnaghi Simionato
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics—INCTBio, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sakai-Sugino K, Uematsu J, Yamamoto H, Kihira S, Kawano M, Nishio M, Tsurudome M, Sekijima H, O'Brien M, Komada H. Inhibitory effects of kaempferol, quercetin and luteolin on the replication of human parainfluenza virus type 2 in vitro. Drug Discov Ther 2024; 18:16-23. [PMID: 38382931 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2023.01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The eight flavonoids, apigenin, chrysin, hesperidin, kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, rutin and luteolin were tested for the inhibition of human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2) replication. Three flavonoids out of the eight, kaempferol, quercetin and luteolin inhibited hPIV-2 replication. Kaempferol reduced the virus release (below 1/10,000), partly inhibited genome and mRNA syntheses, but protein synthesis was observed. It partly inhibited virus entry into the cells and virus spreading, and also partly disrupted microtubules and actin microfilaments, indicating that the virus release inhibition was partly caused by the disruption of cytoskeleton. Quercetine reduced the virus release (below 1/10,000), partly inhibited genome, mRNA and protein syntheses. It partly inhibited virus entry and spreading, and also partly destroyed microtubules and microfilaments. Luteolin reduced the virus release (below 1/100,000), largely inhibited genome, mRNA and protein syntheses. It inhibited virus entry and spreading. It disrupted microtubules and microfilaments. These results indicated that luteolin has the most inhibitory effect on hPIV-2 relication. In conclusion, the three flavonoids inhibited virus replication by the inhibition of genome, mRNA and protein syntheses, and in addition to those, by the disruption of cytoskeleton in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Sakai-Sugino
- Department of Microbiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Tsu City College, Mie, Japan
- Microbiology and Immunology Section, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Jun Uematsu
- Microbiology and Immunology Section, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
| | - Sahoko Kihira
- Department of Life Vista, Nara Saho College, Nara, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kawano
- Department of Microbiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Miwako Nishio
- Department of Microbiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Masato Tsurudome
- Department of Microbiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Sekijima
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Myles O'Brien
- Graduate School of Nursing, Mie Prefectural College of Nursing, Mie, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Komada
- Microbiology and Immunology Section, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan
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Kovacheva E, Gevezova M, Maes M, Sarafian V. Mast Cells in Autism Spectrum Disorder-The Enigma to Be Solved? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2651. [PMID: 38473898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a disturbance of neurodevelopment with a complicated pathogenesis and unidentified etiology. Many children with ASD have a history of "allergic symptoms", often in the absence of mast cell (MC)-positive tests. Activation of MCs by various stimuli may release molecules related to inflammation and neurotoxicity, contributing to the development of ASD. The aim of the present paper is to enrich the current knowledge on the relationship between MCs and ASD by discussing key molecules and immune pathways associated with MCs in the pathogenesis of autism. Cytokines, essential marker molecules for MC degranulation and therapeutic targets, are also highlighted. Understanding the relationship between ASD and the activation of MCs, as well as the involved molecules and interactions, are the main points contributing to solving the enigma. Key molecules, associated with MCs, may provide new insights to the discovery of drug targets for modeling inflammation in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Kovacheva
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Gevezova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Michael Maes
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Cognitive Fitness and Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Su J, Chen XM, Xie YL, Li MQ, Shang Q, Zhang DK, Cai XF, Liu H, Huang HZ, Zheng C, Han L. Clinical efficacy, pharmacodynamic components, and molecular mechanisms of antiviral granules in the treatment of influenza: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117011. [PMID: 37567423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Antiviral Granules (AG) are derived from the classical famous prescription, which is composed of 9 traditional Chinese medicines, namely Radix Isatidis (called Banlangen, BLG in Chinese), Forsythiae Fructus (called Lianqiao, LQ in Chinese), Gypsum fibrosum, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (called Zhimu, ZM in Chinese), Phragmitis Rhizoma (called Lugen, LG in Chinese), Rehmanniae Radix (called Dihuang, DH in Chinese), Pogostemonis Herba (called Guanghuoxiang, GHX in Chinese), Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (called Shichangpu, SCP in Chinese), and Curcumae Radix (called Yujin, YJ in Chinese), and has shown an excellent therapeutic effect in clinical treatment of influenza. However, there are few studies on the anti-influenza mechanism of AG, and the mechanism of action is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose is to provide the latest information about the clinical efficacy, pharmacodynamic composition and mechanism of AG based on scientific literature, so as to enhance the utilization of AG in the treatment of influenza and related diseases, and promote the development and innovation of novel anti-influenza drugs targeting the influenza virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enter the data retrieval room, search for Antiviral Granules, as well as the scientific names, common names, and Chinese names of each Chinese medicine. Additionally, search for the relevant clinical applications, pharmacodynamic composition, pharmacological action, and molecular mechanism of both Antiviral Granules and single-ingredient medicines. Keywords includes terms such as "antiviral granules", "influenza", "Isatis indigotica Fort.", "Radix Isatidis", "Banlangeng", "pharmacology", "clinical application", "pharmacologic action", etc. and their combinations. Obtain results from the Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Sci Finder Scholar, CNKI and other resources. RESULTS AG is effective in the treatment of influenza and is often used in combination with other drugs to treat viral diseases. Its chemical composition is complex, including alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile oils, steroid saponins, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and other compounds. These compounds have a variety of pharmacological activities, which can interfere with the replication cycle of the influenza virus, regulate RIG-I-MAVS, JAK/STAT, TLRs/MyD88, NF-κB signaling pathways and related cytokines, regulate intestinal microorganisms, and protect both the lungs and extrapulmonary organs. CONCLUSIONS AG can overcome the limitations of traditional antiviral drug therapy, play a synergistic role in fighting influenza virus with the characteristics of multi-component, multi-pathway and multi-target therapy, and reverse the bodily function damage caused by influenza virus. AG may be a potential drug in the prevention and treatment of influenza and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xin-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi-Ling Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Meng-Qi Li
- Pharmacy Department, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Qiang Shang
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Antiviral Chinese Medicine Industrialization, Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Ding-Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Innovative Re-development of Famous Classical Formulas, Tianfu TCM Innovation Harbour, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Xin-Fu Cai
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Antiviral Chinese Medicine Industrialization, Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hao-Zhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy/Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, China.
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Yang Y, Shao J, Zhou Q, Chen Y, Tian J, Hou L. Exploration of the mechanisms of Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. et Arn against influenza A virus (H1N1) infection. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155240. [PMID: 38056143 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our preliminary research on screening traditional Chinese medicine extracts for anti-H1N1 activity, we discovered that the 75 % ethanol extract of Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. & Arn (C. nudiflora) exhibited promising anti-H1N1 infection activity. However, the underlying active components and mechanism of action remain to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This experiment further explores the potential active components and mechanisms of action of C. nudiflora against H1N1. METHODS In this study, the composition of the C. nudiflora was determined using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS. The inhibitory effect of C. nudiflora on H1N1 was investigated using a Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell model infected with H1N1, and the protective effect of C. nudiflora on H1N1-infected mice was examined using a Balb/c mouse model infected with H1N1. The potential mechanisms of action were demonstrated at the mRNA and protein levels. RESULTS A total of 21 compounds were detected in C. nudiflora, which was found to act on the replication stages of H1N1. Moreover, C. nudiflora improved the survival rate of H1N1-infected mice, enhanced the organ index, alleviated the trend of weight loss, reduced lung viral load, mitigated lung tissue damage, and regulated CD4/CD8 and Th1/Th2 immune balance. Molecular mechanism studies revealed that C. nudiflora can regulate the expression of key genes in the toll-like receptor and STAT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION C. nudiflora can inhibit H1N1 replication. It also can exert a regulatory effect on the immune response of H1N1-infected mice, and mitigate inflammatory damage by modulating the expression of key genes in the toll-like receptor and STAT signaling pathways, indicating its potential for development as an anti-H1N1 drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Junjing Shao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jining Medical University, Jining 272100, China
| | - Qinqin Zhou
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China
| | - Jingzhen Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Lin Hou
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China.
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Haque S, Kumar P, Mathkor DM, Bantun F, Jalal NA, Mufti AH, Prakash A, Kumar V. In silico evaluation of the inhibitory potential of nucleocapsid inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2: a binding and energetic perspective. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:9797-9807. [PMID: 36379684 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2146752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak brought on by the SARS-CoV-2 virus continued to infect a sizable population worldwide. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein is the most conserved RNA-binding structural protein and is a desirable target because of its involvement in viral transcription and replication. Based on this aspect, this study focused to repurpose antiviral compounds approved or in development for treating COVID-19. The inhibitors chosen are either FDA-approved or are currently being studied in clinical trials against COVID-19. Initially, they were designed to target stress granules and other RNA biology. We have utilized structure-based molecular docking and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach to investigate in detail the binding energy and binding modes of the different anti-N inhibitors to N protein. The result showed that five drugs including Silmitasterib, Ninetanidinb, Ternatin, Luteolin, Fedratinib, PJ34, and Zotatafin were found interacting with RNA binding sites as well as to predicted protein interface with higher binding energy. Overall, drug binding increases the stability of the complex with maximum stability found in the order, Silmitasertib > PJ34 > Zotatatafin. In addition, the frustration changes due to drug binding brings a decrease in local frustration and this decrease is mainly observed in α-helix, β3, β5, and β6 strands and are important for drug binding. Our in-silico data suggest that an effective interaction occurs for some of the tested drugs and prompt their further validation to reduce the rapid outspreading of SARS-CoV-2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pawan Kumar
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Darin Mansor Mathkor
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farkad Bantun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif A Jalal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Hasan Mufti
- Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amresh Prakash
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wang Y, Li F, Wang Z, Song X, Ren Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Zheng K. Luteolin inhibits herpes simplex virus 1 infection by activating cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-mediated antiviral innate immunity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155020. [PMID: 37632997 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The successive outbreaks of large-scale infectious diseases due to virus infection have been a major threat to human health in recent decades. Herpes simplex virus I (HSV-1) is a widely-disseminated DNA virus that infects the central nervous system to cause herpes labialis, keratitis and herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE), resulting in recurrent lifelong clinical or subclinical episodes. Luteolin is a plant flavone that has been extensively used in the treatment of various human diseases, including carcinogenesis, inflammation and chronic degenerative diseases. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the antiviral molecular mechanism of luteolin against HSV-1 infection in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The antiviral effect of luteolin in cell lines was examined by viral plaque assay, RT-qPCR, Western blot and time-of-addition assay. The interaction between luteolin and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) was evaluated by molecular modeling and semi-denaturing detergent agarose gel electrophoresis. The efficacy of luteolin on HSE was evaluated in the HSE mouse model by analyzing weight loss, neurodegenerative symptoms and histopathological scores. Cytokine expression and protein levels were examined by RT-qPCR, Western blot and ELISA. RESULTS Luteolin inhibited the early process of HSV-1 infection, without affecting the infection of acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 strains. In addition, luteolin enhanced antiviral type I interferon production and activated the cytoplasmic DNA-sensing cGAS-stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway. Luteolin directly bound the active substrate binding site and promoted the oligomerization of cGAS. Luteolin also inhibited HSE-related weight loss, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in mice caused by HSV-1 infection. Furthermore, luteolin enhanced type I interferon expression and stimulated the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in vivo. CONCLUSION Luteolin inhibited the post-entry process of HSV-1 by activating the cGAS-STING pathway to promote antiviral interferon production. These results provided the rationale for luteolin as a potent cGAS activator and antiviral agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of innovative technology research on natural products and cosmetics raw materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Feng Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of innovative technology research on natural products and cosmetics raw materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Infectious Diseases Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Zexu Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of innovative technology research on natural products and cosmetics raw materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaowei Song
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of innovative technology research on natural products and cosmetics raw materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of innovative technology research on natural products and cosmetics raw materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial biotechnology drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, National Engineering Research Centre for Modernization of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Yifei Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of innovative technology research on natural products and cosmetics raw materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial biotechnology drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, National Engineering Research Centre for Modernization of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Kai Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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18
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Morimoto R, Isegawa Y. Anti-Influenza Virus Activity of Citrullus lanatus var. citroides as a Functional Food: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:3866. [PMID: 37893759 PMCID: PMC10606521 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus, in response to which vaccines and antiviral drugs are administered. In recent years, the antiviral effects of plants and foods have garnered attention. This review is the first to summarize the therapeutic properties of wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) against influenza from a phytochemical viewpoint. Wild watermelon is a wild plant with significant potential as a therapeutic candidate in antiviral strategies, when focused on its multiple anti-influenza functionalities. Wild watermelon juice inhibits viral growth, entry, and replication. Hence, we highlight the possibility of utilizing wild watermelon for the prevention and treatment of influenza with stronger antiviral activity. Phytochemicals and phytoestrogen (polyphenol, flavonoids, and prenylated compounds) in wild watermelon juice contribute to this activity and inhibit various stages of viral replication, depending on the molecular structure. Wild plants and foods closely related to the original species contain many natural compounds such as phytochemicals, and exhibit various viral growth inhibitory effects. These natural products provide useful information for future antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Morimoto
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Science, Shikoku University, Tokushima 771-1192, Japan;
| | - Yuji Isegawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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19
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Bhat S, Pradeep S, Patil SS, Flores-Holguín N, Glossman-Mitnik D, Frau J, Sommano SR, Ali N, Mohany M, Shivamallu C, Prasad SK, Kollur SP. Preliminary Evaluation of Lablab purpureus Phytochemicals for Anti-BoHV-1 Activity Using In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22684-22697. [PMID: 37396248 PMCID: PMC10308559 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Lablab purpureus from the Fabaceae family has been reported to have antiviral properties and used in traditional medical systems like ayurveda and Chinese medicine and has been employed to treat a variety of illnesses including cholera, food poisoning, diarrhea, and phlegmatic diseases. The bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is notorious for causing significant harm to the veterinary and agriculture industries. The removal of the contagious BoHV-1 from host organs, particularly in those reservoir creatures, has required the use of antiviral drugs that target infected cells. This study developed LP-CuO NPs from methanolic crude extracts, and FTIR, SEM, and EDX analyses were used to confirm their formation. SEM analysis revealed that the LP-CuO NPs had a spherical shape with particle sizes between 22 and 30 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray pattern analysis revealed the presence of only copper and oxide ions. By preventing viral cytopathic effects in the Madin-Darby bovine kidney cell line, the methanolic extract of Lablab purpureus and LP-CuO NPs demonstrated a remarkable dose-dependent anti-BoHV-1 action in vitro. Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies of bio-actives from Lablab purpureus against the BoHV-1 viral envelope glycoprotein disclosed effective interactions between all phytochemicals and the protein, although kievitone was found to have the highest binding affinity, with the greatest number of interactions, which was also validated with molecular dynamics simulation studies. Understanding the chemical reactivity qualities of the four ligands was taken into consideration facilitated by the global and local descriptors, which aimed to predict the chemical reactivity descriptors of the studied molecules through the conceptual DFT methodology, which, along with ADMET finding, support the in vitro and in silico results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha
S. Bhat
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS
Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570 015, India
| | - Sushma Pradeep
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS
Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570 015, India
| | - Sharanagouda S. Patil
- ICAR-National
Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Norma Flores-Holguín
- Laboratorio
Virtual NANOCOSMOS, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energía, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico
| | - Daniel Glossman-Mitnik
- Laboratorio
Virtual NANOCOSMOS, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energía, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico
| | - Juan Frau
- Departament
de Química, Facultat de Ciences, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Plant
Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chandan Shivamallu
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS
Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570 015, India
| | - Shashanka K. Prasad
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS
Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570 015, India
- Plant
Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Shiva Prasad Kollur
- School
of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham,
Mysuru Campus, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 026, India
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20
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Hakem A, Desmarets L, Sahli R, Malek RB, Camuzet C, François N, Lefèvre G, Samaillie J, Moureu S, Sahpaz S, Belouzard S, Ksouri R, Séron K, Rivière C. Luteolin Isolated from Juncus acutus L., a Potential Remedy for Human Coronavirus 229E. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114263. [PMID: 37298740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, addressed the lack of specific antiviral drugs against coronaviruses. In this study, bioguided fractionation performed on both ethyl acetate and aqueous sub-extracts of Juncus acutus stems led to identifying luteolin as a highly active antiviral molecule against human coronavirus HCoV-229E. The apolar sub-extract (CH2Cl2) containing phenanthrene derivatives did not show antiviral activity against this coronavirus. Infection tests on Huh-7 cells, expressing or not the cellular protease TMPRSS2, using luciferase reporter virus HCoV-229E-Luc showed that luteolin exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of infection. Respective IC50 values of 1.77 µM and 1.95 µM were determined. Under its glycosylated form (luteolin-7-O-glucoside), luteolin was inactive against HCoV-229E. Time of addition assay showed that utmost anti-HCoV-229E activity of luteolin was achieved when added at the post-inoculation step, indicating that luteolin acts as an inhibitor of the replication step of HCoV-229E. Unfortunately, no obvious antiviral activity for luteolin was found against SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in this study. In conclusion, luteolin isolated from Juncus acutus is a new inhibitor of alphacoronavirus HCoV-229E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Hakem
- Joint Research Unit 1158, BioEcoAgro, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, JUNIA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, 59650 Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Centre of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Lowiese Desmarets
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Ramla Sahli
- Joint Research Unit 1158, BioEcoAgro, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, JUNIA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, 59650 Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Centre of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Rawen Ben Malek
- Joint Research Unit 1158, BioEcoAgro, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, JUNIA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, 59650 Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
| | - Charline Camuzet
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Nathan François
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Gabriel Lefèvre
- Joint Research Unit 1158, BioEcoAgro, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, JUNIA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, 59650 Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
| | - Jennifer Samaillie
- Joint Research Unit 1158, BioEcoAgro, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, JUNIA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, 59650 Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
| | - Sophie Moureu
- Joint Research Unit 1158, BioEcoAgro, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, JUNIA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, 59650 Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
| | - Sevser Sahpaz
- Joint Research Unit 1158, BioEcoAgro, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, JUNIA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, 59650 Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
| | - Sandrine Belouzard
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Centre of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Karin Séron
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Céline Rivière
- Joint Research Unit 1158, BioEcoAgro, Univ. Lille, INRAE, Univ. Liège, UPJV, JUNIA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, 59650 Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
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21
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Yang JY, Ma YX, Liu Y, Peng XJ, Chen XZ. A Comprehensive Review of Natural Flavonoids with Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062735. [PMID: 36985705 PMCID: PMC10054335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has majorly impacted public health and economies worldwide. Although several effective vaccines and drugs are now used to prevent and treat COVID-19, natural products, especially flavonoids, showed great therapeutic potential early in the pandemic and thus attracted particular attention. Quercetin, baicalein, baicalin, EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate), and luteolin are among the most studied flavonoids in this field. Flavonoids can directly or indirectly exert antiviral activities, such as the inhibition of virus invasion and the replication and inhibition of viral proteases. In addition, flavonoids can modulate the levels of interferon and proinflammatory factors. We have reviewed the previously reported relevant literature researching the pharmacological anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of flavonoids where structures, classifications, synthetic pathways, and pharmacological effects are summarized. There is no doubt that flavonoids have great potential in the treatment of COVID-19. However, most of the current research is still in the theoretical stage. More studies are recommended to evaluate the efficacy and safety of flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiang-Zhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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22
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Triratapiban C, Lueangaramkul V, Phecharat N, Pantanam A, Lekcharoensuk P, Theerawatanasirikul S. First study on in vitro antiviral and virucidal effects of flavonoids against feline infectious peritonitis virus at the early stage of infection. Vet World 2023; 16:618-630. [PMID: 37041840 PMCID: PMC10082729 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.618-630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), one of the most important infectious diseases in cats is caused by FIP virus (FIPV), a mutated variant of feline coronavirus. Feline infectious peritonitis has a negative impact on feline health, with extremely high mortality in clinical FIP-infected cats, particularly young cats. There are no approved drugs for FIP treatment, and therapeutic possibilities for FIP treatment are limited. This study aimed to utilize nature-derived bioactive flavonoids with antiviral properties to inhibit FIPV infection in Crandell–Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells.
Materials and Methods: The cytotoxicity of 16 flavonoids was evaluated on CRFK cells using a colorimetric method (MTS) assay. Viral kinetics of FIPV at 50 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50)/well was determined during the first 24-h post-infection (HPI). Antiviral activity was evaluated based on the replication steps of the virus life cycle, including pre-compound, attachment, penetration, post-viral entry, and virucidal assays. The antiviral efficacy of flavonoids against FIPV was determined based on positive FIPV-infected cells with the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay and viral load quantification using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
Results: Two flavonoids, namely, isoginkgetin and luteolin, inhibited FIPV replication during post-viral entry in a dose-dependent manner, with 50% maximal effective concentrations = 4.77 ± 0.09 and 36.28 ± 0.03 μM, respectively. Based on viral kinetics, both flavonoids could inhibit FIPV replication at the early stage of infection at 0–6-HPI for isoginkgetin and 2–6-HPI for luteolin using a time-of-addition assay. Isoginkgetin exerted a direct virucidal effect that reduced the viral titers by 2 and 1.89 log10 TCID50/mL at 60 and 120 min, respectively.
Conclusion: Isoginkgetin interfered with FIPV replication during both post-viral infection and virucidal experiments on CRFK cells, whereas luteolin inhibited the virus after infection. These results demonstrate the potential of herbal medicine for treating FIP.
Keywords: antiviral, feline coronavirus, feline infectious peritonitis virus, flavonoids, infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanittha Triratapiban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Varanya Lueangaramkul
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Nantawan Phecharat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Achiraya Pantanam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Porntippa Lekcharoensuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Sirin Theerawatanasirikul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Corresponding author: Sirin Theerawatanasirikul, e-mail: Co-authors: CT: , VL: , NP: , AP: , PL:
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23
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Application Potential of Luteolin in the Treatment of Viral Pneumonia. J Food Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/1810503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Aim of the Review. This study aims to summarize the therapeutic effect of luteolin on the pathogenesis of viral pneumonia, explore its absorption and metabolism in the human body, evaluate the possibility of luteolin as a drug to treat viral pneumonia, and provide a reference for future research. Materials and Methods. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Google Scholar and collected research on luteolin in the treatment of viral pneumonia and related diseases since 2003. Then, we summarized the efficacy and potential of luteolin in directly inhibiting viral activity, limiting inflammatory storms, reducing pulmonary inflammation, and treating pneumonia complications. Results and Conclusion. Luteolin has the potential to treat viral pneumonia in multiple ways. Luteolin has a direct inhibitory effect on coronavirus, influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Luteolin can alleviate the inflammatory factor storm induced by multiple factors by inhibiting the function of macrophages or mast cells. Luteolin can reduce pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary edema, or pulmonary fibrosis induced by multiple factors. In addition, viral pneumonia may cause multisystem complications, while luteolin has extensive protective effects on the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular system, and nervous system. However, due to the first-pass metabolism mediated by phase II enzymes, the bioavailability of oral luteolin is low. The bioavailability of luteolin can be improved, and its potential value can be further developed by changing the dosage form or route of administration.
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24
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Antiviral Activity of Luteolin against Pseudorabies Virus In Vitro and In Vivo. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040761. [PMID: 36830548 PMCID: PMC9952634 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) can cause acute swine disease leading to economic losses worldwide and is a potential causative agent of viral encephalitis in humans. Although effective vaccines are available, an increasing number of variants have emerged in China, and identifying effective antiviral agents against PRV to prevent latent infection is essential. In this study, we assessed the antiviral activity of luteolin against PRV in vitro and in vivo. Luteolin was found to significantly inhibit PRV at a noncytotoxic concentration (70 μM), with an IC50 of 26.24 μM and a selectivity index of 5.64. Luteolin inhibited the virus at the replication stage and decreased the expression of viral mRNA and gB protein. Luteolin reduced the apoptosis of PRV-infected cells, improved the survival rate of mice after lethal challenge, reduced the viral loads in the liver, kidney, heart, lung, and brain, reduced brain lesions, and slowed inflammation and oxidation reactions. Our results showed that luteolin has promise as a new alternative antiviral drug for PRV infection.
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25
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Quercetin: A Functional Food-Flavonoid Incredibly Attenuates Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Infections through Immunomodulatory Actions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030938. [PMID: 36770606 PMCID: PMC9920550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the medicinally active molecules in the flavonoid class of phytochemicals are being researched for their potential antiviral activity against various DNA and RNA viruses. Quercetin is a flavonoid that can be found in a variety of foods, including fruits and vegetables. It has been reported to be effective against a variety of viruses. This review, therefore, deciphered the mechanistic of how Quercetin works against some of the deadliest viruses, such as influenza A, Hepatitis C, Dengue type 2 and Ebola virus, which cause frequent outbreaks worldwide and result in significant morbidity and mortality in humans through epidemics or pandemics. All those have an alarming impact on both human health and the global and national economies. The review extended computing the Quercetin-contained natural recourse and its modes of action in different experimental approaches leading to antiviral actions. The gap in effective treatment emphasizes the necessity of a search for new effective antiviral compounds. Quercetin shows potential antiviral activity and inhibits it by targeting viral infections at multiple stages. The suppression of viral neuraminidase, proteases and DNA/RNA polymerases and the alteration of many viral proteins as well as their immunomodulation are the main molecular mechanisms of Quercetin's antiviral activities. Nonetheless, the huge potential of Quercetin and its extensive use is inadequately approached as a therapeutic for emerging and re-emerging viral infections. Therefore, this review enumerated the food-functioned Quercetin source, the modes of action of Quercetin for antiviral effects and made insights on the mechanism-based antiviral action of Quercetin.
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Wen SY, Wei BY, Ma JQ, Wang L, Chen YY. Phytochemicals, Biological Activities, Molecular Mechanisms, and Future Prospects of Plantago asiatica L. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:143-173. [PMID: 36545763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plantago asiatica L. has been used as a vegetable and nutritious food in Asia for thousands of years. According to recent phytochemical and pharmacological research, the active compositions of the plant contribute to various health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer. This article reviews the 87 components of the plant and their structures, as well as their biological activities and molecular research progress, in detail. This review provides valuable reference material for further study, production, and application of P. asiatica, as well as its components in functional foods and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yuan Wen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Bing-Yan Wei
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Ma
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Anti-influenza A virus activity of flavonoids in vitro: a structure-activity relationship. J Nat Med 2023; 77:219-227. [PMID: 36357821 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01660-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Secondary plant metabolites from food extracts, namely daidzein, quercetin, and luteolin, exhibit anti-influenza virus effects, with IC50 values of 143.6, 274.8, and 8.0 μM, respectively. The activities of these metabolites differ depending on the functional groups. Therefore, in this study, we focused on members of the flavonoid group, and investigated the anti-influenza viral effects of different flavonoid classes (flavone, isoflavone, flavonol, flavanone, and flavan-3-ol) in vitro. The IC50 values were 4.9-82.8 μM, 143.6 μM, 62.9-477.8 μM, 290.4-881.1 μM, and 22.9-6717.2 μM, respectively, confirming their activity. The modifying group factors (number, position, type) in the flavonoid skeleton may be significantly related to the anti-influenza virus activity. Moreover, time-of-addition assay revealed that the mechanism of inhibition varied for the different classes; for example, flavonoids that inhibit virus adsorption or the early stage of viral growth. Interestingly, all the examined flavonoids inhibited the late stages of viral growth, suggesting that flavonoids mainly inhibit the late events in viral growth before the release of viral particles. Additionally, apigenin might be effective against oseltamivir-resistant strains. Our results may be important in the development of anti-influenza virus therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Downs BW, Banik SP, Bagchi M, Chakraborty S, Kushner S, Downs JM, Bagchi D. Primary factors that determine the severity of various infections and effective nutraceutical intervention strategies. VIRAL, PARASITIC, BACTERIAL, AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS 2023:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85730-7.00038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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Tang R, Wang L, Zhang J, Li X, Tan L, He W, Han H, Liu Y, Wang K, Wang M. Exploring the active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms of the oral intake formula Huoxiang Suling Shuanghua Decoction on influenza virus type A based on network pharmacology and experimental exploration. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1040056. [PMID: 36386710 PMCID: PMC9663660 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the active ingredients, underlying anti-influenza virus effects, and mechanisms of Huoxiang Suling Shuanghua Decoction (HSSD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The therapeutic effect of HSSD were confirmed through the survival rate experiment of H1N1-infected mice. Then, the HSSD solution and the ingredients absorbed into the blood after treatment with HSSD in rats were identified by UPLC/Q-TOF MS, while the main contents of ingredients were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Next, a systems pharmacology approach incorporating target prediction, gene ontology (GO) enrichment, kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and molecular docking were performed to screen out the active compounds and critical pathways of HSSD in treating influenza. According to prediction results, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry assay were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of critical targets in H1N1-infected mice lungs. RESULTS Huoxiang Suling Shuanghua Decoction improved the survival rate of H1N1-infected mice and prolonged the mice's lifespan. Besides, HSSD exerts an antivirus effect by decreasing the levels of hemagglutinin (HA) and nucleoprotein (NP) to inhibit the replication and proliferation of H1N1, reducing the lung pathological state, inhibiting the cell apoptosis in the lung, and regulating the abnormal responses of peripheral blood, including GRA, LYM, white blood cell (WBC), PLT, and hemoglobin (HGB). Then, 87 compounds in the HSSD solution and 20 ingredients absorbed into the blood after treatment with HSSD were identified. Based on this, combined with the network analysis and previous research on antivirus, 16 compounds were screened out as the active components. Moreover, 16 potential targets were predicted by network pharmacology analysis. Next, molecular docking results showed stable binding modes between compounds and targets. Furthermore, experimental validation results indicated that HSSD regulates the contents of Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immunoglobulin M (IgM), and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum, modulating the levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and IP-10 in the lung tissue, and significantly decreasing the mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4, CD14, MyD88, NF-κB p65, HIF1 α, VEGF, IL17A, and IL6 in the lung tissue. CONCLUSION Huoxiang Suling Shuanghua Decoction exerts an anti-influenza effect by affecting the expressions of mRNA and protein including TLR4, CD14, MyD88, NF-kB p65, HIF-1α, VEGF, IL17A, IL6, and inhibiting the accumulation of inflammation. Our study provided experimental pieces of evidence about the practical application of HSSD in treating influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruying Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linyuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lingyun Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Han
- Clinical Basic Teaching and Research Office of Medical College, Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Solarbio Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keyu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Sheridan R, Spelman K. Polyphenolic promiscuity, inflammation-coupled selectivity: Whether PAINs filters mask an antiviral asset. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909945. [PMID: 36339544 PMCID: PMC9634583 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has elicited much laboratory and clinical research attention on vaccines, mAbs, and certain small-molecule antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 infection. By contrast, there has been comparatively little attention on plant-derived compounds, especially those that are understood to be safely ingested at common doses and are frequently consumed in the diet in herbs, spices, fruits and vegetables. Examining plant secondary metabolites, we review recent elucidations into the pharmacological activity of flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds and also survey their putative frequent-hitter behavior. Polyphenols, like many drugs, are glucuronidated post-ingestion. In an inflammatory milieu such as infection, a reversion back to the active aglycone by the release of β-glucuronidase from neutrophils and macrophages allows cellular entry of the aglycone. In the context of viral infection, virions and intracellular virus particles may be exposed to promiscuous binding by the polyphenol aglycones resulting in viral inhibition. As the mechanism's scope would apply to the diverse range of virus species that elicit inflammation in infected hosts, we highlight pre-clinical studies of polyphenol aglycones, such as luteolin, isoginkgetin, quercetin, quercetagetin, baicalein, curcumin, fisetin and hesperetin that reduce virion replication spanning multiple distinct virus genera. It is hoped that greater awareness of the potential spatial selectivity of polyphenolic activation to sites of pathogenic infection will spur renewed research and clinical attention for natural products antiviral assaying and trialing over a wide array of infectious viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Spelman
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, United States
- Health Education and Research, Driggs, ID, United States
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Yang CX, Ma SZ, Zhang Q, Guo SY, Hu XD, Liu YJ, Wen L, Zhou ZS. Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking of Shiwei Qingwen Decoction Reveal TNF as a Potential Target for Alleviating Mild COVID-19 Symptoms. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221125089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Shiwei Qingwen decoction (SWQWD) is effective in preventing COVID-19. This study examined the active components of SWQWD and its potential targets for preventing COVID-19. The study used network pharmacology and molecular docking technology to verify the role of SWQWD targets through animal experiments and explored the mechanisms that enhance immunity to alleviate mild COVID-19 symptoms. Methods: First, SWQWD- and COVID-19-related targets were retrieved from TCMSP, GeneCards, and OMIM databases. Second, protein–protein interaction networks were established using the String database. The drug active ingredient target network was constructed in Cytoscape to identify the core target proteins. Third, Gene Ontology (GO) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to predict the SWQWD mechanism of action. Finally, the targets were validated by molecular docking in an acute lung injury (ALI) rat model. Results: The SWQWD compound target network contained 79 compounds and 277 targets, coinciding with the 73 targets of COVID-19. The most important gene in the core subnetwork was a tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The 3 most potent compounds, quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin, can enter the active pockets of TNF and have potential therapeutic roles in COVID-19. Conclusion: Quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin in SWQWD may enhance immunity by regulating multiple TNF signal pathways. After administering SWQWD, the content of tumor necrosis factor-α was significantly reduced in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of ALI rats in comparison to the model group. We believe SWQWD is able to prevent and control COVID-19 through the target of TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-xiong Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Shang-zhi Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shu-yun Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-di Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan-ju Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhong-shi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Liu Y, Cui X, Xi J, Xie Y. Clinical efficacy evaluation and potential mechanism prediction on Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid in treatment of mumps in children based on meta-analysis, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:956219. [PMID: 36210814 PMCID: PMC9537475 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.956219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mumps is caused by the mumps virus and is characterized by pain and parotid gland swelling. Although its incidence has declined due to vaccines, outbreaks still occur among children. In addition, it can lead to severe complications, so it has a certain perniciousness. Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid (PDL), a Chinese patent medicine, commonly treats children with mumps. However, its safety, efficacy, and specific mechanisms lack relevant evaluation and analysis. Therefore, we did a meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials combined with a network pharmacology analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of PDL in relieving symptoms of mumps in children and investigate its pharmacological mechanisms. Methods: This study systematically searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP Database, Sinomed, Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for the published randomized controlled trials (date up to 3 March 2022; studies in both English and Chinese) comparing PDL and antiviral drug combination treatment to standalone antiviral drug treatment. The primary outcomes in this study were the effective rate and duration of five characteristic symptoms of children's mumps. We assessed the pooled data by using a fix-effect or random-effect model. We illustrated an odds ratio (OR) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using the Stata 15 software. In network pharmacology, active components of PDL were collected from the traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology technology platform and the CNKI studies, while mumps' targets were collected from databases of the Genecards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and then we constructed a "drug-component-target" network and a protein-protein interaction network using Cytoscape 3.9.0 for screening the core components and targets. Next, we ran Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of intersection targets of PDL and mumps. Finally, molecular docking was performed between core components and targets. Results: Of 70 identified studies, 12 were eligible and included in our analysis (N = 1,307 participants). Compared with the antiviral drug treatments, combination treatment using PDL and antiviral drugs provided higher effective rates (OR = 5.94), shorter symptom durations for fever (SMD = -1.05), headache (SMD = -0.69), parotid gland swelling (SMD = -1.30), parotid gland pain (SMD = -2.53), and loss of appetite (SMD = -0.56) with fewer reported side effects. Of the 113 active components of PDL and 57 mumps' targets, 11 core components like quercetin, isoetin, and seven core targets such as albumin (ALB) and interleukin-6 were obtained. Moreover, the potential pathways identified included cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and T helper cell 17 (Th17 cell) differentiation. Molecular docking results revealed that most core components and targets could form stable structures. The core components, including isoetin, quercetin, and luteolin, and core targets involving heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha (HSP90AA1), estrogen receptor (ESR1), and ALB showed the best affinities. Conclusion: The combined use of PDL and antiviral drugs could effectively improve the efficacy of mumps among children and rapidly alleviate mumps-related symptoms. This efficacy may be associated with the anti-inflammatory and antiviral mechanisms by which PDL acts using multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways. However, these results should be confirmed by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yanming Xie
- Institute of Basic Research In Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cheng Y, Yang C, Li Z, Li X, Zou X, Li L, Cui M, Tian A, Li X, He W, Zhao Z, Ding Y. Anti-influenza virus activity of the REV-ERBα agonist SR9009 and related analogues. Antiviral Res 2022; 207:105418. [PMID: 36122620 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
REV-ERBα is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors that aids in the regulation of many diseases. However, the prospect of using REV-ERBα for anti-influenza virus treatment remains poorly described, and there is an urgent need to develop effective anti-influenza agents due to the emergence of drug-resistant influenza viruses. In this study, eight SR9009 analogues were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their biological activities against multiple influenza virus strains (H1N1, H3N2, adamantane- and oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 and influenza B virus), using ribavirin as the positive control. SR9009 and its analogues showed low micromolar or submicromolar EC50 values and exhibited modestly improved antiviral potency compared to that of ribavirin. In particular, compound 5a possessed the most potent inhibitory activity (EC50 = 0.471, 0.644, 1.644, 0.712 and 0.661 μM for A/PR/8/34, A/WSN/33, A/Wisconsin/67/2005, B/Yamagata/16/88 and Hebei/SWL1/2006, respectively). Cotransfection assays showed that all synthesized derivatives efficaciously suppressed transcription driven by the Bmal1 promoter. Mechanistic study results indicated that 5a efficiently inhibited IAV replication and interfered with the ealry stage of influenza virus life cycle. In addition, we found that 5a upregulated the key antiviral interferon-stimulated genes MxA, OAS2 and CH25H. Further in-depth transcriptome analysis revealed a series of upregulated genes that may contribute to the antiviral activities of 5a. These findings may provide an important direction for the development of new host-targeted broad-spectrum antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chaofu Yang
- Pharmaceutical Department, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Zhan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiheng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaocui Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Menghan Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Airong Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhongpeng Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Yongsheng Ding
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Ansari WA, Ahamad T, Khan MA, Khan ZA, Khan MF. Exploration of Luteolin as Potential Anti-COVID-19 Agent: Molecular
Docking, Molecular Dynamic Simulation, ADMET and DFT Analysis. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666211222151725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has recently emerged as a pandemic
respiratory disease with mild to severe pneumonia symptoms. No clinical antiviral agent is available so
far. However, several repurposing drugs and vaccines are being given to individuals or in clinical trials
against SARS-CoV-2
Objective:
The aim of this study is to uncover the potential effects of Luteolin (Lut) as an inhibitor of
SARS-CoV2 encoded proteins via utilizing computational tools.
Method:
Molecular modelling to unfold the anti-SARS-CoV2 potential of Lut along with reference
drugs namely remdesivir and nafamostat was performed by the use of molecular docking, molecular dynamic
(MD) simulation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity (ADMET) and density
functional theory (DFT) methods against the five different SARS-CoV-2 encoded key proteins and one
human receptor protein. The chemical reactivity of Luteolin is done through prediction of HOMO-LUMO
gap energy and other chemical descriptors analysis.
Results:
In the present study, Lut binds effectively in the binding pockets of spike glycoprotein (6VSB),
ADP phosphatase of NSP3 (6W02), and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (7AAP) protein receptors with
significant values of docking scores -7.00, -7.25, and -6.46 respectively as compared to reference drugs
remdesivir and nafamostat.
Conclusion::
Thus, Lut can act as a therapeutic agent and is orally safe for human consumption as predicted
by molecular modelling against SARS-CoV-2 in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow 226003, UP,
India
| | - Tanveer Ahamad
- Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow 226003, UP,
India
| | - Mohsin Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow 226003, UP,
India
| | - Zaw Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow 226003, UP,
India
| | - Mohammad Faheem Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow 226003, UP,
India
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Exploring the phytochemicals of Platycodon grandiflorus for TMPRSS2 inhibition in the search for SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - SCIENCE 2022; 34:102155. [PMID: 35702062 PMCID: PMC9181276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC. (Campanulaceae) is commonly known as a balloon flower whose rhizomes have been widely utilized in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and in various Japanese prescriptions for the treatment of respiratory diseases, diabetes, and inflammatory disorders. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic requires priming of the virus's spike (S) protein by cleavage of the S proteins by a multi-domain type II transmembrane serine protease, transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) to gain entry into the host cell. The current research aims at the screening of active phytocompounds of P. grandiflorus as potential inhibitors of cellular TMPRSS2 using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations approach. In silico toxicity analyses show that out of a total of 34 phytocompounds selected for the study, 12 compounds obey Lipinski’s rule of five and have favourable pharmacokinetic properties. The top three lead molecules identified here were Apigenin, Luteolin and Ferulic acid which exhibited binding energies of −7.47 kcal/mol, −6.8 kcal/mol and −6.62 kcal/mol respectively with corresponding inhibition constants of 3.33 µM, 10.39 µM and 13.95 µM. The complexes between the lead molecules and the receptor were held by hydrogen bond interactions with key residues such as Gly383, Gly385, Glu389, Lys390, Asp435, Ser436, Ser441, Cys465 and Lys467, and hydrophobic interactions with surrounding residues. The stability of the protein–ligand complexes was evaluated during 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation by analysing key geometric properties such as RMSD, RMSF, radius of gyration, total solvent accessible surface area and the number of hydrogen bonds. The binding free energies analysis using MD simulations revealed that the compounds and TMPRSS2 have favourable thermodynamic interactions, which are primarily driven by van der Waals forces. As a result, the selected bioactive phytochemicals from P. grandiflorus that target the cellular TMPRSS2 could offer an alternative treatment option against SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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In Silico Identification of Potential Inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Through Molecular Docking-Based Drug Repurposing. DR. SULAIMAN AL HABIB MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [PMCID: PMC9153216 DOI: 10.1007/s44229-022-00004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSARS-CoV-2 is the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, and its effects on people worldwide continue to grow. Protein-targeted therapeutics are currently unavailable for this virus. As with other coronaviruses, the nucleocapsid (N) protein is the most conserved RNA-binding structural protein of SARS-CoV-2. The N protein is an appealing target because of its functional role in viral transcription and replication. Therefore, molecular docking method for structure-based drug design was used to investigate the binding energy and binding modes of various anti-N inhibitors in depth. The inhibitors selected were originally developed to target stress granules and other molecules involved in RNA biology, and were either FDA-approved or in the process of clinical trials for COVID-19. We aimed at targeting the N-terminal RNA binding domain (NTD) for molecular docking-based screening, on the basis of the first resolved crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 N protein (PDB ID: 6M3M) and C-terminal domain (CTD) dimerization of the nucleocapsid phosphoprotein of SARS-COV-2 (PDB ID: 6WJI). Silmitasertib, nintedanib, ternatin, luteolin, and fedratinib were found to interact with RNA binding sites and to form a predicted protein interface with high binding energy. Similarly, silmitasertib, sirolimus-rapamycin, dovitinib, nintedanib, and fedratinib were found to interact with the SARS-CoV-2 N protein at its CTD dimerization sites, according to previous studies. In addition, we investigated an information gap regarding the relationships among the energetic landscape and stability and drug binding of the SARS-CoV-2 N NTD and CTD. Our in silico results clearly indicated that several tested drugs as potent putative inhibitors for COVID-19 therapeutics, thus indicating that they should be further validated as treatments to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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Alesci A, Aragona M, Cicero N, Lauriano ER. Can nutraceuticals assist treatment and improve covid-19 symptoms? Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:2672-2691. [PMID: 33949266 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1914032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Viral diseases have always played an important role in public and individual health. Since December 2019, the world is facing a pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus that results in a syndrome known as COVID-19. Several studies were conducted to implement antiviral drug therapy, until the arrival of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Numerous scientific investigations have considered some nutraceuticals as an additional treatment of COVID-19 patients to improve their clinical picture. In this review, we would like to emphasize the studies conducted to date about this issue and try to understand whether the use of nutraceuticals as a supplementary therapy to COVID-19 may be a valid and viable avenue. Based on the results obtained so far, quercetin, astaxanthin, luteolin, glycyrrhizin, lactoferrin, hesperidin and curcumin have shown encouraging data suggesting their use to prevent and counteract the symptoms of this pandemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Mujwar S, Harwansh RK. In silico bioprospecting of taraxerol as a main protease inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 to develop therapy against COVID-19. Struct Chem 2022; 33:1517-1528. [PMID: 35502321 PMCID: PMC9046011 DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 was caused by a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2. The COVID-19 disease outbreak has been avowed as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization at the end of March 2020. It leads to the global economic crash, resulting in the starvation of a large population belonging to economically backward countries. Hence, the development of an alternative medicine along with the vaccine is of the utmost importance for the management of COVID-19. Therefore, screening of several herbal leads was performed to explore their potential against SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, viral main protease was selected as a key enzyme for performing the study. Various computational approaches, including molecular docking simulation, were used in the current study to find potential inhibitors of viral main protease from a library of 150 herbal leads. Toxicity and ADME prediction of selected molecules were also analysed by Osiris molecular property explorer software. Molecular dynamic simulation of the top 10 docked herbal leads was analysed for stability using 100 ns. Taraxerol (−10.17 kcal/mol), diosgenin (10.12 kcal/mol), amyrin (−9.56 kcal/mol), and asiaticoside (−9.54 kcal/mol) were among the top four herbal leads with the highest binding affinity with the main protease enzyme. Thus, taraxerol was found to be an effective drug candidate against the main protease enzyme for the management of COVID-19. Furthermore, its clinical effect and safety profile need to be established through an in vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somdutt Mujwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University) Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207 India
| | - Ranjit K. Harwansh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura, 281406 India
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Shahbazi B, Mafakher L, Teimoori-Toolabi L. Different compounds against Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor potentially containing the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2: an in silico study. J Mol Model 2022; 28:82. [PMID: 35249180 PMCID: PMC8898033 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel SARS coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that was identified and spread from Wuhan in 2019. On January 30th, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak as a Global Public Health Emergency. Although Remdesivir and Molnupiravir are FDA-approved drugs for COVID-19, finding new efficient and low-cost antiviral drugs against COVID-19 for applying in more countries can still be helpful. One of the potential sources for finding new and low-cost drugs is the herbal compounds in addition to repurposing FDA-approved drugs. So, in this study, we focused on finding effective drug candidates against COVID-19 based on the computational approaches. As ACE2 serves as a critical receptor for cell entry of this virus. Inhibiting the binding site of SARS-CoV-2 on human ACE2 provides a promising therapeutic approach for developing drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we applied a bioinformatics approach to identify possible potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2. A library of FDA-approved compounds and five natural compounds was screened using Smina docking. Top-docking compounds are then applied in Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation to assess the stability of ACE2-inhibitor complexes. Results indicate that Luteolin and Chrysin represent high conformation stability with ACE2 during 120 ns of Molecular Dynamics simulation. The binding free energies of Luteolin and Chrysin were calculated by the Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area method (MM/PBSA) which confirmed the relative binding free energy of these drugs to ACE2 in favor of the effective binding. So, Luteolin and Chrysin could sufficiently interact with ACE2 and block the Spike binding pocket of ACE2 and can be a potential inhibitor against the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 receptor which is an early stage of infection. Luteolin and Chrysin could be suggestive as beneficial compounds for preventing or reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission and infection which need experimental work to prove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Shahbazi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69th Pasteur Street, Kargar Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Mafakher
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69th Pasteur Street, Kargar Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Teimoori-Toolabi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69th Pasteur Street, Kargar Avenue, Tehran, Iran.
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40
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Shahhamzehei N, Abdelfatah S, Efferth T. In Silico and In Vitro Identification of Pan-Coronaviral Main Protease Inhibitors from a Large Natural Product Library. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:308. [PMID: 35337106 PMCID: PMC8952009 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The main protease (Mpro or 3CLpro) in coronaviruses represents a promising specific drug target as it is essential for the cleavage of the virus polypeptide and has a unique cleavage site that does not exist in human host proteases. In this study, we explored potential natural pan-coronavirus drugs using in vitro and in silico approaches and three coronavirus main proteases as treatment targets. The PyRx program was used to screen 39,442 natural-product-like compounds from the ZINC database and 121 preselected phytochemicals from medicinal plants with known antiviral activity. After assessment with Lipinski's rule of five, molecular docking was performed for the top 33 compounds of both libraries. Enzymatic assays were applied for the top candidates from both in silico approaches to test their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The four compounds (hypericin, rosmarinic acid, isorhamnetin, and luteolin) that most efficiently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Mpro in vitro were further tested for their efficacy in inhibiting Mpro of SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. Microscale thermophoresis was performed to determine dissociation constant (Kd) values to validate the binding of these active compounds to recombinant Mpro proteins of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and MERS-CoV. The cytotoxicity of hypericin, rosmarinic acid, isorhamnetin, and luteolin was assessed in human diploid MRC-5 lung fibroblasts using the resazurin cell viability assay to determine their therapeutic indices. Sequence alignment of Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated 96.08%, 50.83%, 49.17%, 48.51%, 44.04%, and 41.06% similarity to Mpro of other human-pathogenic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-229E, respectively). Molecular docking showed that 12 out of 121 compounds were bound to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro at the same binding site as the control inhibitor, GC376. Enzyme inhibition assays revealed that hypericin, rosmarinic acid, isorhamnetin, and luteolin inhibited Mpro of SARS-CoV-2, while hypericin and isorhamnetin inhibited Mpro of SARS-CoV-1; hypericin showed inhibitory effects toward Mpro of MERS-CoV. Microscale thermophoresis confirmed the binding of these compounds to Mpro with high affinity. Resazurin assays showed that rosmarinic acid and luteolin were not cytotoxic toward MRC-5 cells, whereas hypericin and isorhamnetin were slightly cytotoxic. We demonstrated that hypericin represents a potential novel pan-anti-coronaviral agent by binding to and inhibiting Mpro of several human-pathogenic coronaviruses. Moreover, isorhamnetin showed inhibitory effects toward SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 Mpro, indicating that this compound may have some pan-coronaviral potential. Luteolin had inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (N.S.); (S.A.)
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Xie YZ, Peng CW, Su ZQ, Huang HT, Liu XH, Zhan SF, Huang XF. A Practical Strategy for Exploring the Pharmacological Mechanism of Luteolin Against COVID-19/Asthma Comorbidity: Findings of System Pharmacology and Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:769011. [PMID: 35069542 PMCID: PMC8777084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.769011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma patients may increase their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the poor prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, anti-COVID-19/asthma comorbidity approaches are restricted on condition. Existing evidence indicates that luteolin has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immune regulation capabilities. We aimed to evaluate the possibility of luteolin evolving into an ideal drug and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of luteolin against COVID-19/asthma comorbidity. We used system pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis to assess the physicochemical properties and biological activities of luteolin and further analyze the binding activities, targets, biological functions, and mechanisms of luteolin against COVID-19/asthma comorbidity. We found that luteolin may exert ideal physicochemical properties and bioactivity, and molecular docking analysis confirmed that luteolin performed effective binding activities in COVID-19/asthma comorbidity. Furthermore, a protein–protein interaction network of 538 common targets between drug and disease was constructed and 264 hub targets were obtained. Then, the top 6 hub targets of luteolin against COVID-19/asthma comorbidity were identified, namely, TP53, AKT1, ALB, IL-6, TNF, and VEGFA. Furthermore, the enrichment analysis suggested that luteolin may exert effects on virus defense, regulation of inflammation, cell growth and cell replication, and immune responses, reducing oxidative stress and regulating blood circulation through the Toll-like receptor; MAPK, TNF, AGE/RAGE, EGFR, ErbB, HIF-1, and PI3K–AKT signaling pathways; PD-L1 expression; and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer. The possible “dangerous liaison” between COVID-19 and asthma is still a potential threat to world health. This research is the first to explore whether luteolin could evolve into a drug candidate for COVID-19/asthma comorbidity. This study indicated that luteolin with superior drug likeness and bioactivity has great potential to be used for treating COVID-19/asthma comorbidity, but the predicted results still need to be rigorously verified by experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zi Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Wen Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zu-Qing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ting Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Feng Zhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Theoharides TC. Could SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Be Responsible for Long-COVID Syndrome? Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1850-1861. [PMID: 35028901 PMCID: PMC8757925 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infects cells via its spike protein binding to its surface receptor on target cells and results in acute symptoms involving especially the lungs known as COVID-19. However, increasing evidence indicates that many patients develop a chronic condition characterized by fatigue and neuropsychiatric symptoms, termed long-COVID. Most of the vaccines produced so far for COVID-19 direct mammalian cells via either mRNA or an adenovirus vector to express the spike protein, or administer recombinant spike protein, which is recognized by the immune system leading to the production of neutralizing antibodies. Recent publications provide new findings that may help decipher the pathogenesis of long-COVID. One paper reported perivascular inflammation in brains of deceased patients with COVID-19, while others showed that the spike protein could damage the endothelium in an animal model, that it could disrupt an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and that it can cross the BBB resulting in perivascular inflammation. Moreover, the spike protein appears to share antigenic epitopes with human molecular chaperons resulting in autoimmunity and can activate toll-like receptors (TLRs), leading to release of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, some antibodies produced against the spike protein may not be neutralizing, but may change its conformation rendering it more likely to bind to its receptor. As a result, one wonders whether the spike protein entering the brain or being expressed by brain cells could activate microglia, alone or together with inflammatory cytokines, since protective antibodies could not cross the BBB, leading to neuro-inflammation and contributing to long-COVID. Hence, there is urgent need to better understand the neurotoxic effects of the spike protein and to consider possible interventions to mitigate spike protein-related detrimental effects to the brain, possibly via use of small natural molecules, especially the flavonoids luteolin and quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C Theoharides
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Suite 304, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- Institute of Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Clearwater, FL, 33759, USA.
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Stability of Rosmarinic Acid and Flavonoid Glycosides in Liquid Forms of Herbal Medicinal Products-A Preliminary Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111139. [PMID: 34832921 PMCID: PMC8624675 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peppermint leaf, sage leaf, thyme herb, and their preparations are common components of herbal medicinal products (HMPs). According to the European Pharmacopoeia guidelines, the above-mentioned plant substances are standardized for the content of essential oils, omitting polyphenols, which also have a significant impact on their activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of the predominant polyphenols—rosmarinic acid, luteolin-7-O-β-glucuronide, and eriocitrin—in selected commercial liquid HMPs containing thyme, sage, and peppermint under long-term, intermediate, and accelerated testing conditions. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of these polyphenols were performed by the previously optimized and validated HPLC-DAD method. Rosmarinic acid stability was better in hydroethanolic than in an aqueous solution. The effect of the solvent on the stability of luteolin-7-O-β-glucuronide and eriocitrin could not be determined and requires further investigation. The present study is the first to analyze the stability of these compounds in commercial herbal medicinal products. The expiration dates proposed by the manufacturers of the tested HMPs did not guarantee stable levels of all analyzed polyphenols throughout the stated period. However, this study is preliminary and requires continuation on a larger number of medicinal products.
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Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111895. [PMID: 34834309 PMCID: PMC8625292 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of several viral diseases, including various zoonotic diseases such as the current pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Other viruses, which possess pandemic-causing potential include avian flu, Ebola, dengue, Zika, and Nipah virus, as well as the re-emergence of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) coronaviruses. Notably, effective drugs or vaccines against these viruses are still to be discovered. All the newly approved vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2-induced disease COVID-19 possess real-time possibility of becoming obsolete because of the development of ‘variants of concern’. Flavonoids are being increasingly recognized as prophylactic and therapeutic agents against emerging and old viral diseases. Around 10,000 natural flavonoid compounds have been identified, being phytochemicals, all plant-based. Flavonoids have been reported to have lesser side effects than conventional anti-viral agents and are effective against more viral diseases than currently used anti-virals. Despite their abundance in plants, which are a part of human diet, flavonoids have the problem of low bioavailability. Various attempts are in progress to increase the bioavailability of flavonoids, one of the promising fields being nanotechnology. This review is a narrative of some anti-viral dietary flavonoids, their bioavailability, and various means with an emphasis on the nanotechnology system(s) being experimented with to deliver anti-viral flavonoids, whose systems show potential in the efficient delivery of flavonoids, resulting in increased bioavailability.
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Saleem A, Akhtar MF, Haris M, Abdel-Daim MM. Recent updates on immunological, pharmacological, and alternative approaches to combat COVID-19. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1331-1346. [PMID: 34331179 PMCID: PMC8324454 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00850-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is instigated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is mainly transmitted via the inhalation route and characterized by fever, coughing and shortness of breath. COVID-19 affects all age groups with no single cure. The drug discovery, manufacturing, and safety studies require extensive time and sources and, therefore, struggled to match the exponential spread of COVID-19. Yet, various repurposed drugs (antivirals, immune-modulators, nucleotide analogues), and convalescent plasma therapy have been authorized for emergency use against COVID-19 by Food and Drug Administration under certain limits and conditions. The discovery of vaccine is the biggest milestone achieved during the current pandemic era. About nine vaccines were developed for human use with varying claims of efficacy. The rapid emergence of mutations in SARS-CoV-2, suspected adverse drug reactions of current therapies in special population groups and limited availability of drugs in developing countries necessitate the development of more efficacious, safe and cheap drugs/vaccines for treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Keeping in view these limitations, the current review provides an update on the efficacy and safety of the repurposed, and natural drugs to treat COVID-19 as well as the vaccines used for its prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Haris
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
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Sengupta S, Bhattacharyya D, Kasle G, Karmakar S, Sahu O, Ganguly A, Addya S, Das Sarma J. Potential Immunomodulatory Properties of Biologically Active Components of Spices Against SARS-CoV-2 and Pan β-Coronaviruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:729622. [PMID: 34513735 PMCID: PMC8431827 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.729622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced COVID-19 has emerged as a defining global health crisis in current times. Data from the World Health Organization shows demographic variations in COVID-19 severity and lethality. Diet may play a significant role in providing beneficial host cell factors contributing to immunity against deadly SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Spices are essential components of the diet that possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral properties. Hyperinflammation, an aberrant systemic inflammation associated with pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, and multiorgan dysfunction, is a major clinical outcome in COVID-19. Knowing the beneficial properties of spices, we hypothesize that spice-derived bioactive components can modulate host immune responses to provide protective immunity in COVID-19. This study emphasizes that biologically active components of spices might alleviate the sustained pro-inflammatory condition by inhibiting the activity of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukins (IL6, IL8), and chemokine (CCL2) known to be elevated in COVID-19. Spices may potentially prevent the tissue damage induced by oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The current study also highlights the effects of spices on the antioxidant pathways mediated by Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and Hmox1 (heme oxygenase 1) to restore oxidative homeostasis and protect from aberrant tissue damage. Taken together, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of bioactive components of spices may hold a promise to target the cellular pathways for developing antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 and pan β-coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourodip Sengupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur, India
| | - Debina Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur, India
| | - Grishma Kasle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur, India
| | - Souvik Karmakar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur, India
| | - Omkar Sahu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur, India
| | - Anirban Ganguly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur, India
| | - Sankar Addya
- Kimmel Cancer Centre, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jayasri Das Sarma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur, India
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Li X, Xiang L, Lin Y, Tang Q, Meng F, Chen W. Computational Analysis Illustrates the Mechanism of Qingfei Paidu Decoction in Blocking the Transition of COVID-19 Patients from Mild to Severe Stage. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 22:277-289. [PMID: 34493195 DOI: 10.2174/1566523221666210907162005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 has made COVID-19 a serious threat to human health around the world. The severe infections of SARS-CoV-2 are usually accompanied by higher mortality. Although the Qingfei Paidu Decoction (QFPDD) has been proved to be effective in blocking the transition of COVID-19 patients from mild to severe stage, its mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the mechanism of QFPDD in blocking the transition of COVID-19 patients from mild to severe stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the process of screening active ingredients, oral bioavailability (OB) and drug likeness (DL) are key indicators, which can help to screen out pivotal compounds. Therefore, with the criteria of OB≥30% and DL≥0.18 , we searched active ingredients of QFPDD in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP, https://tcmspw.com/) by using its 21 herbs as keywords. RESULTS We filtered out 6 pivotal ingredients from QFPDD by using the bioinformatics method, namely quercetin, luteolin, berberine, hederagenin, shionone and kaempferol, which can inhibit the highly expressed genes (i.e. CXCR4, ICAM1, CXCL8, CXCL10, IL6, IL2, CCL2, IL1B, IL4, IFNG) in severe COVID-19 patients. By performing KEGG enrichment analysis, we found seven pathways, namely TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and Th17 cell differentiation, by which QFPDD could block the transition of COVID-19 patients from mild to severe stage. CONCLUSION QFPDD can prevent the deterioration of COVID-19 in the following mechanisms, i.e. inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 invasion and replication, anti-inflammatory and immune regulation, and repairing body damage. These results will be helpful for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137. China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
611137, China
| | - Liu Xiang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137. China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
611137, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137. China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
611137, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137. China
| | - Fanbo Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137. China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
611137, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu
611137, China.,School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
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48
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Theoharides TC. Ways to Address Perinatal Mast Cell Activation and Focal Brain Inflammation, including Response to SARS-CoV-2, in Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pers Med 2021; 11:860. [PMID: 34575637 PMCID: PMC8465360 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) continues to increase, but no distinct pathogenesis or effective treatment are known yet. The presence of many comorbidities further complicates matters, making a personalized approach necessary. An increasing number of reports indicate that inflammation of the brain leads to neurodegenerative changes, especially during perinatal life, "short-circuiting the electrical system" in the amygdala that is essential for our ability to feel emotions, but also regulates fear. Inflammation of the brain can result from the stimulation of mast cells-found in all tissues including the brain-by neuropeptides, stress, toxins, and viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, leading to the activation of microglia. These resident brain defenders then release even more inflammatory molecules and stop "pruning" nerve connections, disrupting neuronal connectivity, lowering the fear threshold, and derailing the expression of emotions, as seen in ASD. Many epidemiological studies have reported a strong association between ASD and atopic dermatitis (eczema), asthma, and food allergies/intolerance, all of which involve activated mast cells. Mast cells can be triggered by allergens, neuropeptides, stress, and toxins, leading to disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and activation of microglia. Moreover, many epidemiological studies have reported a strong association between stress and atopic dermatitis (eczema) during gestation, which involves activated mast cells. Both mast cells and microglia can also be activated by SARS-CoV-2 in affected mothers during pregnancy. We showed increased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 and its receptor, but decreased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-38 and its receptor IL-36R, only in the amygdala of deceased children with ASD. We further showed that the natural flavonoid luteolin is a potent inhibitor of the activation of both mast cells and microglia, but also blocks SARS-CoV-2 binding to its receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). A treatment approach should be tailored to each individual patient and should address hyperactivity/stress, allergies, or food intolerance, with the introduction of natural molecules or drugs to inhibit mast cells and microglia, such as liposomal luteolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C Theoharides
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Suite 304, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Khazeei Tabari MA, Iranpanah A, Bahramsoltani R, Rahimi R. Flavonoids as Promising Antiviral Agents against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Mechanistic Review. Molecules 2021; 26:3900. [PMID: 34202374 PMCID: PMC8271800 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A newly diagnosed coronavirus in 2019 (COVID-19) has affected all human activities since its discovery. Flavonoids commonly found in the human diet have attracted a lot of attention due to their remarkable biological activities. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the benefits of flavonoids in COVID-19 disease. Previously-reported effects of flavonoids on five RNA viruses with similar clinical manifestations and/or pharmacological treatments, including influenza, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and Ebola, were considered. Flavonoids act via direct antiviral properties, where they inhibit different stages of the virus infective cycle and indirect effects when they modulate host responses to viral infection and subsequent complications. Flavonoids have shown antiviral activity via inhibition of viral protease, RNA polymerase, and mRNA, virus replication, and infectivity. The compounds were also effective for the regulation of interferons, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and sub-cellular inflammatory pathways such as nuclear factor-κB and Jun N-terminal kinases. Baicalin, quercetin and its derivatives, hesperidin, and catechins are the most studied flavonoids in this regard. In conclusion, dietary flavonoids are promising treatment options against COVID-19 infection; however, future investigations are recommended to assess the antiviral properties of these compounds on this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran;
- USERN Office, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amin Iranpanah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran;
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Kermanshah USERN Office, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 1417653761, Iran;
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 1417653761, Iran;
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Naik B, Mattaparthi VSK, Gupta N, Ojha R, Das P, Singh S, Prajapati VK, Prusty D. Chemical system biology approach to identify multi-targeting FDA inhibitors for treating COVID-19 and associated health complications. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:9543-9567. [PMID: 34062110 PMCID: PMC8171008 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1931451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In view of many European countries and the USA leading to the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic, winter season, the evolution of new mutations in the spike protein, and no registered drugs and vaccines for COVID-19 treatment, the discovery of effective and novel therapeutic agents is urgently required. The degrees and frequencies of COVID-19 clinical complications are related to uncontrolled immune responses, secondary bacterial infections, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and chronic pulmonary diseases. It is essential to recognize that the drug repurposing strategy so far remains the only means to manage the disease burden of COVID-19. Despite some success of using single-target drugs in treating the disease, it is beyond suspicion that the virus will acquire drug resistance by acquiring mutations in the drug target. The possible synergistic inhibition of drug efficacy due to drug-drug interaction cannot be avoided while treating COVID-19 and allied clinical complications. Hence, to avoid the unintended development drug resistance and loss of efficacy due to drug-drug interaction, multi-target drugs can be promising tools for the most challenging disease. In the present work, we have carried out molecular docking studies of compounds from the FDA approved drug library, and the FDA approved and passed phase -1 drug libraries with ten therapeutic targets of COVID-19. Results showed that known drugs, including nine anti-inflammatory compounds, four antibiotics, six antidiabetic compounds, and one cardioprotective compound, could effectively inhibit multiple therapeutic targets of COVID-19. Further in-vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies will guide these drugs' proper allocation to treat COVID-19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Naik
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | | | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Rupal Ojha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Pundarikaksha Das
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Assam, India
| | - Satyendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Dhaneswar Prusty
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
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