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Zamanian MY, Golmohammadi M, Vadiyan FV, Almulla AA, Vadiyan DE, Morozova NS, Alkadir OKA, Kareem AH, Alijani M. A narrative review of the effects of vitamin D3 on orthodontic tooth movement: Focus on molecular and cellular mechanisms. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3164-3176. [PMID: 38726436 PMCID: PMC11077251 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a critical process in dental alignment, driven by the application of calibrated orthodontic forces. This study delves into the intricate molecular and cellular mechanisms by which vitamin D3 influences OTM. Vitamin D3 is identified as a critical regulator in bone metabolism, enhancing osteoblast activity and bone formation while also modulating osteoclast quantity and RANKL expression, essential for the remodeling of the alveolar bone. The precise mechanisms through which vitamin D3 facilitates these processes are explored, highlighting its potential in accelerating bone remodeling and, consequently, tooth alignment. This comprehensive review underscores vitamin D3's anabolic impact on bone metabolism and its pivotal role in the synthesis and mineralization processes governed by osteoblasts. The findings illuminate vitamin D3's promise in augmenting orthodontic therapy, suggesting its utility in improving treatment efficiency and reducing duration. However, the need for further research into the optimal application of vitamin D3 in orthodontics is emphasized, particularly concerning dosage, timing, and delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yasin Zamanian
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of PharmacyHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | | | - Filipp V. Vadiyan
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Institute of DentistryI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | | | - Diana E. Vadiyan
- Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and Orthodontics, Institute of DentistryI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Natalia S. Morozova
- Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and Orthodontics, Institute of DentistryI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | | | | | - Mojtaba Alijani
- Department of Orthodontics, School of DentistryHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
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Martínez-Heredia L, Canelo-Moreno JM, García-Fontana B, Muñoz-Torres M. Non-Classical Effects of FGF23: Molecular and Clinical Features. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4875. [PMID: 38732094 PMCID: PMC11084844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the role of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) protein in phosphate metabolism, highlighting its regulation of vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and bone metabolism. Although it was traditionally thought that phosphate-calcium homeostasis was controlled exclusively by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol, pathophysiological studies revealed the influence of FGF23. This protein, expressed mainly in bone, inhibits the renal reabsorption of phosphate and calcitriol formation, mediated by the α-klotho co-receptor. In addition to its role in phosphate metabolism, FGF23 exhibits pleiotropic effects in non-renal systems such as the cardiovascular, immune, and metabolic systems, including the regulation of gene expression and cardiac fibrosis. Although it has been proposed as a biomarker and therapeutic target, the inhibition of FGF23 poses challenges due to its potential side effects. However, the approval of drugs such as burosumab represents a milestone in the treatment of FGF23-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martínez-Heredia
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Network in Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz García-Fontana
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Network in Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Torres
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Network in Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Wang R, Qin S, Qiao T, Jiang W, Tong J, Lu G, Gao D, Zhang M, Lv Z, Li D, Chai L. Body composition changes in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer after iodine-131 treatment and short-term levothyroxine replacement and suppression therapy. Hormones (Athens) 2024:10.1007/s42000-024-00528-z. [PMID: 38277093 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to assess the changes in body composition in patients who underwent thyroidectomy due to differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after radioactive iodine therapy (RAI) and short-term levothyroxine (LT4) supplementation and to explore the correlations between body composition distribution and corresponding blood indices. METHODS Fifty-seven thyroidectomized DTC patients were included. Serum was tested for several biochemical indices of thyroid function, lipids, and bone metabolism, and body composition parameters were measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and 4-6 weeks after RAI and LT4 supplementation. RESULTS The body composition of DTC patients changed after RAI. Fat mass in all parts of the body decreased (range of relative change (RRC) -12.97--2.80%). Bone mineral content (BMC) increased throughout the body (relative change (RC) 12.12%), head (RC 36.23%), pelvis (RC 9.00%), and legs (RC 3.15%). Similarly, bone mineral density (BMD) increased in different regions (RRC 3.60-26.43%), except for the arms. Notably, lean mass in the arms (RC 4.30%) and legs (RC 3.67%) increased, while that in the head decreased (RC -2.75%), while total lean mass did not change at 4-6 weeks after LT4 supplementation. Furthermore, changes in fat distribution in the android region were related to the changes in total cholesterol (r = -0.390) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.354), and changes in the BMC and BMD of the lumbar spine were positively associated with the changes in calcitonin (r = 0.302 and 0.325, respectively). CONCLUSIONS After RAI and short-term LT4 supplementation in DTC patients, body composition rapidly and positively changed and was characterized by decreased fat mass and increased BMC and BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- Clinical Nuclear Medicine Center, Imaging Clinical Medical Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Clinical Nuclear Medicine Center, Imaging Clinical Medical Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Tingting Qiao
- Clinical Nuclear Medicine Center, Imaging Clinical Medical Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Clinical Nuclear Medicine Center, Imaging Clinical Medical Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Junyu Tong
- Clinical Nuclear Medicine Center, Imaging Clinical Medical Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ganghua Lu
- Clinical Nuclear Medicine Center, Imaging Clinical Medical Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Dingwei Gao
- Clinical Nuclear Medicine Center, Imaging Clinical Medical Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Clinical Nuclear Medicine Center, Imaging Clinical Medical Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhongwei Lv
- Clinical Nuclear Medicine Center, Imaging Clinical Medical Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510289, China.
| | - Li Chai
- Clinical Nuclear Medicine Center, Imaging Clinical Medical Center, Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Su YW, Lee AMC, Xu X, Hua B, Tapp H, Wen XS, Xian CJ. Methotrexate Chemotherapy Causes Growth Impairments, Vitamin D Deficiency, Bone Loss, and Altered Intestinal Metabolism-Effects of Calcitriol Supplementation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4367. [PMID: 37686643 PMCID: PMC10486381 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is prevalent in childhood cancer patients and survivors after chemotherapy; further studies are needed to investigate the underlying aetiology and effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in preventing chemotherapy-induced bone loss. This study used a rat model of treatment with antimetabolite methotrexate to investigate whether methotrexate chemotherapy causes vitamin D deficiency and if vitamin D supplementation attenuates the resultant bone loss. Methotrexate treatment (five daily injections) decreased serum vitamin D levels (from 52 to <30 ng/mL), reduced body and bone lengthening and tibial trabecular bone volume, and altered intestinal vitamin D metabolism, which was associated with intestinal mucosal damage known to cause malabsorption of nutrients, including dietary vitamin D and calcium. During the early stage after chemotherapy, mRNA expression increased for vitamin D activation enzyme CYP27B1 and for calcium-binding protein TRPV6 in the intestine. During the intestinal healing stage, expression of vitamin D catabolism enzyme CYP24 increased, and that of TRPV6 was normalised. Furthermore, subcutaneous calcitriol supplementation diminished methotrexate-induced bone loss due to its effect suppressing methotrexate-induced increased bone resorption. Thus, in young rats, methotrexate chemotherapy causes vitamin D deficiency, growth impairments, bone loss, and altered intestinal vitamin D metabolism, which are associated with intestinal damage, and vitamin D supplementation inhibits methotrexate-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Su
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (Y.-W.S.); (A.M.C.L.); (X.X.); (B.H.)
| | - Alice M. C. Lee
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (Y.-W.S.); (A.M.C.L.); (X.X.); (B.H.)
| | - Xukang Xu
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (Y.-W.S.); (A.M.C.L.); (X.X.); (B.H.)
| | - Belinda Hua
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (Y.-W.S.); (A.M.C.L.); (X.X.); (B.H.)
| | - Heather Tapp
- Department of Haematology & Oncology, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia;
| | - Xue-Sen Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Cory J. Xian
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (Y.-W.S.); (A.M.C.L.); (X.X.); (B.H.)
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Novel Approach for the Approximation of Vitamin D3 Pharmacokinetics from In Vivo Absorption Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030783. [PMID: 36986644 PMCID: PMC10052077 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The changing environment and modified lifestyles have meant that many vitamins and minerals are deficient in a significant portion of the human population. Therefore, supplementation is a viable nutritional approach, which helps to maintain health and well-being. The supplementation efficiency of a highly hydrophobic compound such as cholecalciferol (logP > 7) depends predominantly on the formulation. To overcome difficulties associated with the evaluation of pharmacokinetics of cholecalciferol, a method based on the short time absorption data in the clinical study and physiologically based mathematical modeling is proposed. The method was used to compare pharmacokinetics of liposomal and oily formulations of vitamin D3. The liposomal formulation was more effective in elevating calcidiol concentration in serum. The determined AUC value for liposomal vitamin D3 formulation was four times bigger than that for the oily formulation.
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Li H, Liu S, Miao C, Lv Y, Hu Y. Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics provides insights into enhanced osteogenesis in Ano5Cys360Tyr knock-in mouse model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1117111. [PMID: 36742392 PMCID: PMC9895949 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1117111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD; OMIM#166260) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by diaphyseal sclerosis of tubular bones and cemento-osseous lesions in mandibles. GDD is caused by point mutations in the ANO5 gene. However, the mechanisms underlying GDD have not been disclosed. We previously generated the first knock-in mouse model for GDD expressing a human mutation (p.Cys360Tyr) in ANO5 and homozygous Ano5 knock-in (Ano5KI/KI ) mice exhibited representative traits of human GDD especially including enhanced osteogenesis. METHODS Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses were conducted for wildtype (Ano5+/+ ) and Ano5KI/KI mature mouse calvarial osteoblasts (mCOBs) grown in osteogenic cultures for 14 days to identify differential intracellular metabolites and genes involved in GDD. Subsequently, related differential genes were validated by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation was confirmed by CCK8 assay and calcium content in mineral nodules was detected using SEM-EDS. RESULTS Metabolomics identified 42 differential metabolites that are primarily involved in amino acid and pyrimidine metabolism, and endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption. Concomitantly, transcriptomic analysis revealed 407 differentially expressed genes in Ano5KI/KI osteoblasts compared with wildtype. Gene ontology and pathway analysis indicated that Ano5Cys360Tyr mutation considerably promoted cell cycle progression and perturbed calcium signaling pathway, which were confirmed by validated experiments. qRT-PCR and CCK-8 assays manifested that proliferation of Ano5KI/KI mCOBs was enhanced and the expression of cell cycle regulating genes (Mki67, Ccnb1, and Ccna2) was increased. In addition, SEM-EDS demonstrated that Ano5KI/KI mCOBs developed higher calcium contents in mineral nodules than Ano5+/+ mCOBs, while some calcium-related genes (Cacna1, Slc8a1, and Cyp27b1) were significantly up-regulated. Furthermore, osteocalcin which has been proved to be an osteoblast-derived metabolic hormone was upregulated in Ano5KI/KI osteoblast cultures. DISCUSSION Our data demonstrated that the Ano5Cys360Tyr mutation could affect the metabolism of osteoblasts, leading to unwonted calcium homeostasis and cellular proliferation that can contribute to the underlying pathogenesis of GDD disorders.
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Kou Y, Rong X, Tang R, Zhang Y, Yang P, Liu H, Ma W, Li M. Eldecalcitol prevented OVX-induced osteoporosis through inhibiting BMSCs senescence by regulating the SIRT1-Nrf2 signal. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1067085. [PMID: 36937895 PMCID: PMC10020367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1067085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Aging and oxidative stress are considered to be the proximal culprits of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Eldecalcitol (ED-71), a new active vitamin D derivative, has shown a good therapeutic effect on different types of osteoporosis, but the mechanism is unclear. This study focused on exploring whether ED-71 could prevent bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis by regulating the cell senescence of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and explaining its specific mechanism of action. Materials and methods: An ovariectomized (OVX) rat model was established and 30 ng/kg ED-71 was administered orally once a day. The weight of rats was recorded regularly. Micro-computed tomography (CT) and histochemical staining were used to evaluate bone mass, histological parameters, and aging-related factors. Rat bone mesenchymal stem cells were extracted and cultivated in vitro. Aging cells were marked with senescence-associated β-gal (SA-β-gal) dyeing. The mRNA and protein levels of aging-related factors and SIRT1-Nrf2 signal were detected by RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected by DCFH-DA staining. Results: Compared with the Sham group, the bone volume of the ovariectomized group rats decreased while their weight increased significantly. ED-71 prevented bone loss and inhibited weight gain in ovariectomized rats. More importantly, although the expression of aging-related factors in the bone tissue increased in the ovariectomized group, the addition of ED-71 reversed changes in these factors. After extracting and in vitro culturing bone mesenchymal stem cells, the proportion of aging bone mesenchymal stem cells was higher in the ovariectomized group than in the Sham group, accompanied by a significant decrease in the osteogenic capacity. ED-71 significantly improved the bone mesenchymal stem cells senescence caused by ovariectomized. In addition, ED-71 increased the expression of SIRT1 and Nrf2 in ovariectomized rat bone mesenchymal stem cells. Inhibition of SIRT1 or Nrf2 decreased the inhibitory effect of ED-71 on bone mesenchymal stem cells senescence. ED-71 also showed a suppression effect on the reactive oxygen species level in bone mesenchymal stem cells. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that ED-71 could inhibit the cell senescence of bone mesenchymal stem cells in ovariectomized rats by regulating the SIRT1-Nrf2 signal, thereby preventing bone loss caused by osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Kou
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xing Rong
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wanli Ma
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Wanli Ma, ; Minqi Li,
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Wanli Ma, ; Minqi Li,
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Tang Y, Liu J, Feng Z, Liu Z, Wang S, Xia Y, Geng B. Nocturnal sleep duration and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2014. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:333. [PMID: 36575443 PMCID: PMC9795756 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the association between sleep duration and bone mineral density (BMD) and determine whether vitamin D (VD) status influenced the association between sleep duration and BMD. METHODS National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2014 participants aged ≥ 40 years were included in this study. BMD testing was conducted with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry examinations. Moreover, all individuals were divided into four groups according to self-reported nocturnal sleep duration (7-8 h; 6 h; < 6 h; and > 8 h). In addition, the differences in BMD between the normal sleep duration group and other groups were calculated using multiple linear regression models. RESULTS Overall, the median age of the overall study population was 55.00 years old, with 46.97% of men distributed. Participants sleeping > 8 h/night had lower BMDs than those sleeping 7-8 h/night. Moreover, the association between unhealthy sleep duration (especially > 8 h/night) and low BMD was more pronounced in older individuals, men, postmenopausal women, and subjects with inadequate VD intakes (< 15.00 µg/day) or deficient/insufficient serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (< 75.00 nmol/L). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, unhealthy sleep duration, especially long sleep duration, was associated with decreased BMD, particularly among individuals aged > 60 years, men, or postmenopausal women. Moreover, VD status might influence the association between sleep duration and BMD, especially in the context of inadequate VD intake or deficient/insufficient serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. However, given the limitations of the present study, further investigation is warranted to confirm this association and to explore potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, #82 Cuiyingmen, Gansu, 730000, Lanzhou, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinmin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, #82 Cuiyingmen, Gansu, 730000, Lanzhou, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, #82 Cuiyingmen, Gansu, 730000, Lanzhou, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, #82 Cuiyingmen, Gansu, 730000, Lanzhou, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shenghong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, #82 Cuiyingmen, Gansu, 730000, Lanzhou, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yayi Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, #82 Cuiyingmen, Gansu, 730000, Lanzhou, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, #82 Cuiyingmen, Gansu, 730000, Lanzhou, China.
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- Orthopaedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Qiu S, Divine G, Rao SD. Effect of vitamin D metabolites on bone histomorphometry in healthy black and white women: An attempt to unravel the so-called vitamin D paradox in blacks. Bone Rep 2022; 18:101650. [PMID: 36588780 PMCID: PMC9801084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An apparent vitamin D paradox, characterized by lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and higher bone mineral density, is present in black population. In contrast, blacks have higher serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) levels. The effect of 1,25(OH)2D on the skeleton is not fully understood. We examined serum 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D and bone histomorphometry in 50 black and white women (25 each) matched for age, menstrual status, and BMI. Histomorphometric indices related to bone structure, remodeling and mineralization were measured in cancellous bone in iliac bone biopsies. Data analyses led to the following results: 1) serum 25(OH)D was significantly lower and 1,25(OH)2D was significantly higher in black than in white women, but neither blacks nor whites revealed significant correlation between these two vitamin D metabolites. 2) there was no significant difference in PTH levels between blacks and whites. 3) except for greater trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) in blacks, there were no significant differences in other histomorphometric variables between the two ethnic groups. 4) osteoid surface (OS/BS), unlabeled osteoid surface (ulOS/BS), and osteoblast surface (ObS/BS) significantly correlated with serum 1,25(OH)2D levels. We conclude that lower serum 25(OH)D levels in blacks do not impair bone structure and remodeling, nor decrease bone mineralization. Higher serum 1,25(OH)2D levels in blacks may help preserve bone mass by stimulating bone formation via increasing osteoblast number and function, but moderately inhibit terminal bone mineralization as shown by higher ulOS/BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Qiu
- Bone and Mineral Research Laboratory, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
- Corresponding author at: Bone and Mineral Research Laboratory, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - George Divine
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sudhaker D. Rao
- Bone and Mineral Research Laboratory, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone & Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Amphansap T, Therdyothin A, Stitkitti N, Nitiwarangkul L, Phiphobmongkol V. Efficacy of plain cholecalciferol versus ergocalciferol in raising serum vitamin D level in Thai female healthcare workers. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 2022; 8:145-151. [PMID: 36605166 PMCID: PMC9805961 DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare the efficacy of cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol in raising 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level in Thai female healthcare workers. Methods A randomized control trial was conducted in healthy female healthcare workers. Randomization allocated the participants into vitamin D2 group (N = 43), receiving ergocalciferol 20,000 IU weekly and vitamin D3 group (N = 40), receiving cholecalciferol 1000 IU daily for 12 months. Venous blood sample was collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months for serum 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone and calcium. Compliance was also assessed. Results The mean age of the participants was 50.6 ± 9.9 and 50.9 ± 8.4 years in vitamin D2 and D3 groups (P = 0.884). The mean 25(OH)D levels were 16.91 ± 6.07 ng/mL and 17.62 ± 4.39 ng/mL (P = 0.547), respectively. Both groups had significant improvement in 25(OH)D level at 6 months (from 16.91 ± 6.07 to 21.67 ± 5.11 ng/mL and 17.62 ± 4.39 to 26.03 ± 6.59 ng/mL in vitamin D2 and D3 group). Improvement was significantly greater with cholecalciferol (P = 0.018). The level plateaued afterwards in both groups. Only cholecalciferol could increase 25(OH)D in participants without vitamin D deficiency (6.88 ± 4.20 ng/mL increment). Compliance was significantly better in vitamin D2 group (P = 0.025). Conclusions Daily cholecalciferol supplementation resulted in a larger increase in serum 25(OH)D level during the first 6 months comparing to weekly ergocalciferol. While vitamin D3 could increase serum 25(OH)D level in all participants, vitamin D2 could not do so in participants without vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atiporn Therdyothin
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopedics, Police General Hospital, 492/1 Rama I Rd, Pathum Wan, Pathum Wan District, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Dimas A, Politi A, Bargiota A, Panoskaltsis T, Vlahos NF, Valsamakis G. The Gestational Effects of Maternal Bone Marker Molecules on Fetal Growth, Metabolism and Long-Term Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158328. [PMID: 35955462 PMCID: PMC9368754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal exposure in adverse environmental factors during intrauterine life can lead to various biological adjustments, affecting not only in utero development of the conceptus, but also its later metabolic and endocrine wellbeing. During human gestation, maternal bone turnover increases, as reflected by molecules involved in bone metabolism, such as vitamin D, osteocalcin, sclerostin, sRANKL, and osteoprotegerin; however, recent studies support their emerging role in endocrine functions and glucose homeostasis regulation. Herein, we sought to systematically review current knowledge on the effects of aforementioned maternal bone biomarkers during pregnancy on fetal intrauterine growth and metabolism, neonatal anthropometric measures at birth, as well as on future endocrine and metabolic wellbeing of the offspring. A growing body of literature converges on the view that maternal bone turnover is likely implicated in fetal growth, and at least to some extent, in neonatal and childhood body composition and metabolic wellbeing. Maternal sclerostin and sRANKL are positively linked with fetal abdominal circumference and subcutaneous fat deposition, contributing to greater birthweights. Vitamin D deficiency correlates with lower birthweights, while research is still needed on intrauterine fetal metabolism, as well as on vitamin D dosing supplementation during pregnancy, to diminish the risks of low birthweight or SGA neonates in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Dimas
- 3rd University Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School of Athens, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Obst & Gynae Department, University Hospital of Ioannina, Stavros Niarchos Ave., 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (G.V.)
| | - Anastasia Politi
- Nephrology Department, University Hospital of Ioannina, Stavros Niarchos Ave., 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Alexandra Bargiota
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School, Larissa University Hospital, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Theodoros Panoskaltsis
- 2nd University Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, “Aretaieion” University Hospital, Medical School of Athens, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (T.P.); (N.F.V.)
| | - Nikolaos F. Vlahos
- 2nd University Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, “Aretaieion” University Hospital, Medical School of Athens, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (T.P.); (N.F.V.)
| | - Georgios Valsamakis
- Endocrine Unit, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aretaieion” University Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (G.V.)
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12
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Alshabrawy AK, Cui Y, Sylvester C, Yang D, Petito ES, Barratt KR, Sawyer RK, Heatlie JK, Polara R, Sykes MJ, Atkins GJ, Hickey SM, Wiese MD, Stringer AM, Liu Z, Anderson PH. Therapeutic Potential of a Novel Vitamin D3 Oxime Analogue, VD1-6, with CYP24A1 Enzyme Inhibitory Activity and Negligible Vitamin D Receptor Binding. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070960. [PMID: 35883516 PMCID: PMC9312876 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of vitamin D3 actions in humans occurs mainly through the Cytochrome P450 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) enzyme activity. CYP24A1 hydroxylates both 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3), which is the first step of vitamin D catabolism. An abnormal status of the upregulation of CYP24A1 occurs in many diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). CYP24A1 upregulation in CKD and diminished activation of vitamin D3 contribute to secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), progressive bone deterioration, and soft tissue and cardiovascular calcification. Previous studies have indicated that CYP24A1 inhibition may be an effective strategy to increase endogenous vitamin D activity and decrease SHPT. This study has designed and synthesized a novel C-24 O-methyloxime analogue of vitamin D3 (VD1-6) to have specific CYP24A1 inhibitory properties. VD1-6 did not bind to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in concentrations up to 10−7 M, assessed by a VDR binding assay. The absence of VDR binding by VD1-6 was confirmed in human embryonic kidney HEK293T cultures through the lack of CYP24A1 induction. However, in silico docking experiments demonstrated that VD1-6 was predicted to have superior binding to CYP24A1, when compared to that of 1,25(OH)2D3. The inhibition of CYP24A1 by VD1-6 was also evident by the synergistic potentiation of 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated transcription and reduced 1,25(OH)2D3 catabolism over 24 h. A further indication of CYP24A1 inhibition by VD1-6 was the reduced accumulation of the 24,25(OH)D3 , the first metabolite of 25(OH)D catabolism by CYP24A1. Our findings suggest the potent CYP24A1 inhibitory properties of VD1-6 and its potential for testing as an alternative therapeutic candidate for treating SHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali K. Alshabrawy
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (A.K.A.); (C.S.); (E.S.P.); (K.R.B.); (R.K.S.); (J.K.H.); (R.P.); (M.J.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.D.W.); (A.M.S.)
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Yingjie Cui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Cyan Sylvester
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (A.K.A.); (C.S.); (E.S.P.); (K.R.B.); (R.K.S.); (J.K.H.); (R.P.); (M.J.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.D.W.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Dongqing Yang
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (D.Y.); (G.J.A.)
| | - Emilio S. Petito
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (A.K.A.); (C.S.); (E.S.P.); (K.R.B.); (R.K.S.); (J.K.H.); (R.P.); (M.J.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.D.W.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Kate R. Barratt
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (A.K.A.); (C.S.); (E.S.P.); (K.R.B.); (R.K.S.); (J.K.H.); (R.P.); (M.J.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.D.W.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Rebecca K. Sawyer
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (A.K.A.); (C.S.); (E.S.P.); (K.R.B.); (R.K.S.); (J.K.H.); (R.P.); (M.J.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.D.W.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Jessica K. Heatlie
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (A.K.A.); (C.S.); (E.S.P.); (K.R.B.); (R.K.S.); (J.K.H.); (R.P.); (M.J.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.D.W.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Ruhi Polara
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (A.K.A.); (C.S.); (E.S.P.); (K.R.B.); (R.K.S.); (J.K.H.); (R.P.); (M.J.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.D.W.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Matthew J. Sykes
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (A.K.A.); (C.S.); (E.S.P.); (K.R.B.); (R.K.S.); (J.K.H.); (R.P.); (M.J.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.D.W.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Gerald J. Atkins
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (D.Y.); (G.J.A.)
| | - Shane M. Hickey
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (A.K.A.); (C.S.); (E.S.P.); (K.R.B.); (R.K.S.); (J.K.H.); (R.P.); (M.J.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.D.W.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Michael D. Wiese
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (A.K.A.); (C.S.); (E.S.P.); (K.R.B.); (R.K.S.); (J.K.H.); (R.P.); (M.J.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.D.W.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Andrea M. Stringer
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (A.K.A.); (C.S.); (E.S.P.); (K.R.B.); (R.K.S.); (J.K.H.); (R.P.); (M.J.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.D.W.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Zhaopeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Paul H. Anderson
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; (A.K.A.); (C.S.); (E.S.P.); (K.R.B.); (R.K.S.); (J.K.H.); (R.P.); (M.J.S.); (S.M.H.); (M.D.W.); (A.M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients Receiving Antidepressant Medications. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2022-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Тhis study aimed at exploring vitamin D levels in treated depressive patients in comparison to healthy individuals. The cross-sectional study included 20 ambulatory and inpatients with depressive episodes taking antidepressants and 30 healthy individuals. The serum concentration of 25(OH)D from collected blood samples was determined using biochemical analyzers. Serum 25(OH)D levels (ng/mL) in patients were significantly lower (the mean 13.1, standard deviation 7.3, median 11.4, minimal 3.8, maximal 35.9) then in control subjects (19.4, 9.1, 15.8, 7.6, 43.6) (p=0.004). Additional targeted research is needed because some lifestyle and dietary habits which are known to influence vitamin D status may confound observed effects.
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Biological Deciphering of the “Kidney Governing Bones” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1685052. [PMID: 35392645 PMCID: PMC8983196 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1685052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The description of the “kidney” was entirely different from modern medicine. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the kidney was a functional concept regulating water metabolism, which was closely related to the urinary system, reproductive system, nervous system, endocrine, skeleton, hearing, metabolism, immunity, etc. In particular, the kidney in TCM plays an important regulatory role in the processes of growth, development, prime, aging, and reproduction. Hence, “Kidney Governing Bone” (KGB) was a classical theory in TCM, which hypothesized that the function of the kidney was responsible for bone health. However, the related modern physiological mechanisms of this TCM theory are unclear. This present paper proposed a new understanding and explored the biological basis of the KGB theory. After searching through plenty of reported literature, we discovered that the functions of the kidney in TCM were closely associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in modern science. The physiological mechanism of the KGB was regulated by sex hormones and their receptors. This review deciphered the connotation of the KGB theory in modern medicine and further verified the scientificity of the basic TCM theory.
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Nishimura H, Nawa N, Ogawa T, Fushimi K, Fujiwara T. Association of ambient temperature and sun exposure with hip fractures in Japan: A time-series analysis using nationwide inpatient database. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150774. [PMID: 34619189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on whether meteorological conditions affect hip fractures (HFs) is limited. This study aimed to clarify the associations between ambient temperature and sun exposure and HFs in Japan. METHODS Record of daily hospital admissions for HFs between 2015 and 2018 were extracted from a Japanese nationwide inpatient database. We conducted a time-series quasi-Poisson regression analysis using a distributed lag non-linear model with lag 0-39 days to estimate prefecture-specific relative risks (RRs) of HFs. We also estimated pooled RRs using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS We identified 355,563 HFs. For mean temperature, immediate RRs (lag 0-2 days) were 1.349 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.305, 1.395) and 0.754 (95% CI: 0.727, 0.782) for low (mean of the 2.5th percentile) and high (mean of the 97.5th percentile) mean temperature, respectively, relative to the reference (mean of medians). For sunshine duration, immediate RRs were 0.929 (95% CI: 0.913, 0.946) and 1.056 (95% CI: 1.029, 1.085) for short (mean of the 2.5th percentile) and long (mean of the 97.5th percentile) sunshine duration, respectively, and delayed RRs (lag 3-39 days) was 0.770 (95% CI: 0.696, 0.851) for long sunshine duration relative to the reference (mean of medians). Immediate RRs were larger for both exposures in patients admitted from home than in those from care facilities. CONCLUSIONS Lower mean temperature and longer sunshine duration were associated with immediate higher HF risks. Higher mean temperature and shorter sunshine duration were associated with immediate lower HF risks. These associations were modified by admission routes. Longer sunshine duration was also associated with delayed lower HF risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaaki Nishimura
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Nawa
- Department of Medical Education Research and Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ogawa
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Xiao K, Zhang DC, Hu Y, Song LC, Xu JQ, He WX, Pan P, Wang YW, Xie LX. Potential roles of vitamin D binding protein in attenuating liver injury in sepsis. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:4. [PMID: 35057868 PMCID: PMC8772176 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sepsis, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) has been shown to be low-expressed. The current study examined the relationship between serum VDBP level and liver injury in sepsis patients, as well as in a mouse model for sepsis and in cultured liver epithelial cell line exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS The human study included 78 sepsis patients and 50 healthy volunteers. Sepsis patients were categorized into sepsis survivor group (n = 43) and sepsis non-survivor group (n = 35) based on 28-day mortality for data analysis. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Serum samples were collected on day 1, 3, 5 and 7 to determine the levels of VDBP, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3], interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Potential protective effects of VDBP overexpression against LPS-induced liver damage were examined in cultured THLE2 cells. RESULTS Serum levels of VDBP, 25(OH)D3, and 1,25(OH)2D3 were significantly lower in sepsis patients vs. the healthy control (P < 0.001), as well as in the sepsis non-survivor group vs. the sepsis survivor group (P < 0.001, P = 0.0338, or P = 0.0013, respectively). Lower serum VDBP level was associated with higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (r = - 0.2565, P = 0.0234) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (r = - 0.3522, P = 0.0016), but lower serum albumin (ALB, r = 0.4628, P < 0.001) and total protein (TP, r = 0.263, P = 0.02). In CLP mice, there was a 5-day period of serum VDBP reduction, followed by return towards the baseline on day 7. VDBP was also decreased in LPS-treated THLE2 cells (P < 0.001). VDBP overexpression reduced LPS-induced THLE2 damage. Reduced damage was associated with decreased oxidative stress and inactivation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway. CONCLUSION VDBP may be protective against sepsis-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xiao
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Du-Chao Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ye Hu
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Li-Cheng Song
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Xu
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wan-Xue He
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Pan Pan
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- Department of Geriatric Comprehensive Surgery, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Li-Xin Xie
- Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Soma T, Iwasaki R, Sato Y, Kobayashi T, Ito E, Matsumoto T, Kimura A, Miyamoto K, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Morita M, Asoda S, Kawana H, Nakagawa T, Miyamoto T. Osteonecrosis development by tooth extraction in zoledronate treated mice is inhibited by active vitamin D analogues, anti-inflammatory agents or antibiotics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19. [PMID: 34997043 PMCID: PMC8742126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03966-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive dental treatment such as tooth extraction following treatment with strong anti-bone resorptive agents, including bisphosphonates and denosumab, reportedly promotes osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) at the extraction site, but strategies to prevent ONJ remain unclear. Here we show that in mice, administration of either active vitamin D analogues, antibiotics or anti-inflammatory agents can prevent ONJ development induced by tooth extraction during treatment with the bisphosphonate zoledronate. Specifically, tooth extraction during treatment with zoledronate induced osteonecrosis in mice, but administration of either 1,25(OH)2D3 or ED71, both active vitamin D analogues, significantly antagonized osteonecrosis development, even under continuous zoledronate treatment. 1,25(OH)2D3 or ED71 administration also significantly inhibited osteocyte apoptosis induced by tooth extraction and bisphosphonate treatment. Administration of either active vitamin D analogue significantly inhibited elevation of serum inflammatory cytokine levels in mice in response to injection of lipopolysaccharide, an infection mimetic. Furthermore, administration of either anti-inflammatory or antibiotic reagents significantly blocked ONJ development following tooth extraction and zoledronate treatment. These findings suggest that administration of active vitamin D, anti-inflammatory agents or antibiotics could prevent ONJ development induced by tooth extraction in patients treated with zoledronate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Soma
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Iwasaki
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuiko Sato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Advanced Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders II, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tami Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Reconstruction and Regeneration Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eri Ito
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kana Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mayu Morita
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Seiji Asoda
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kawana
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8580, Japan
| | - Taneaki Nakagawa
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Department of Advanced Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders II, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Department of Musculoskeletal Reconstruction and Regeneration Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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Naidoo K, Ngubane PS, Khathi A. Investigating the Effects of Diet-Induced Pre-Diabetes on the Functioning of Calcium-Regulating Organs in Male Sprague Dawley Rats: Effects on Selected Markers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:914189. [PMID: 35898447 PMCID: PMC9309376 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.914189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Derangements to the functioning of calcium-regulating organs have been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a condition preceded by pre-diabetes. Type 2 diabetes has shown to promote renal calcium wastage, intestinal calcium malabsorption and increased bone resorption. However, the changes to the functioning of calcium-regulating organs in pre-diabetes are not known. Subsequently, the effects of diet-induced pre-diabetes on the functioning of calcium-regulating organs in a rat model for pre-diabetes was investigated in this study. Male Sprague Dawley rats were separated into two groups (n=6, each group): non-pre-diabetic (NPD) group and a diet-induced pre-diabetic (DIPD) group for 20 weeks. After the experimental period, postprandial glucose and HOMA-IR were analysed in addition to plasma and urinary calcium concentrations. Gene expressions of intestinal vitamin D (VDR), intestinal calbindin-D9k, renal 1-alpha hydroxylase and renal transient receptor potential vanilloid 5 (TRPV5) expressions in addition to plasma osteocalcin and urinary deoxypyridinoline concentrations were analysed at week 20. The results demonstrated significantly increased concentrations of postprandial glucose, HOMA-IR and urinary calcium in addition to unchanged plasma calcium levels in the DIPD group by comparison to NPD. Renal TRPV5, renal 1-alpha hydroxylase, intestinal VDR and intestinal calbindin-D9k expressions were increased in the DIPD group by comparison to NPD. Furthermore, plasma osteocalcin levels were increased and urine deoxypyridinoline levels were decreased in the DIPD group by comparison to NPD. These observations may suggest that calcium-regulating organs compensate for the changes to calcium homeostasis by inducing increased renal calcium reabsorption, increased intestinal calcium absorption and decreased bone resorption followed by increased bone formation.
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19
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Gáll Z, Székely O. Role of Vitamin D in Cognitive Dysfunction: New Molecular Concepts and Discrepancies between Animal and Human Findings. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113672. [PMID: 34835929 PMCID: PMC8620681 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW increasing evidence suggests that besides the several metabolic, endocrine, and immune functions of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), the neuronal effects of 1,25(OH)2D should also be considered an essential contributor to the development of cognition in the early years and its maintenance in aging. The developmental disabilities induced by vitamin D deficiency (VDD) include neurological disorders (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia) characterized by cognitive dysfunction. On the other hand, VDD has frequently been associated with dementia of aging and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease). RECENT FINDINGS various cells (i.e., neurons, astrocytes, and microglia) within the central nervous system (CNS) express vitamin D receptors (VDR). Moreover, some of them are capable of synthesizing and catabolizing 1,25(OH)2D via 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) enzymes, respectively. Both 1,25(OH)2D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were determined from different areas of the brain and their uneven distribution suggests that vitamin D signaling might have a paracrine or autocrine nature in the CNS. Although both cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxyvitamin D pass the blood-brain barrier, the influence of supplementation has not yet demonstrated to have a direct impact on neuronal functions. So, this review summarizes the existing evidence for the action of vitamin D on cognitive function in animal models and humans and discusses the possible pitfalls of therapeutic clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Gáll
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Orsolya Székely
- Department of Nephrology/Internal Medicine, Mures County Clinical Hospital, 540103 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
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20
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Chevalley T, Brandi ML, Cavalier E, Harvey NC, Iolascon G, Cooper C, Hannouche D, Kaux JF, Kurth A, Maggi S, Maier G, Papavasiliou K, Al-Daghri N, Sosa-Henríquez M, Suhm N, Tarantino U, Reginster JY, Rizzoli R. How can the orthopedic surgeon ensure optimal vitamin D status in patients operated for an osteoporotic fracture? Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1921-1935. [PMID: 34013461 PMCID: PMC8134831 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-05957-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this narrative review, the role of vitamin D deficiency in the pathophysiology, healing of fragility fractures, and rehabilitation is discussed. Vitamin D status can be assessed by measuring serum 25(OH)-vitamin D level with standardized assays. There is a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l (i.e., 20 ng/mL)) or deficiency (25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l (i.e., 10 ng/mL)) in patients with fragility fractures and especially in those with a hip fracture. The evidence on the effects of vitamin D deficiency and/or vitamin D supplementation on fracture healing and material osseointegration is still limited. However, it appears that vitamin D have a rather positive influence on these processes. The fracture liaison service (FLS) model can help to inform orthopedic surgeons, all caregivers, and fractured patients about the importance of optimal vitamin D status in the management of patients with fragility fractures. Therefore, vitamin D status should be included in Capture the Fracture® program as an outcome of FLS in addition to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and specific antiosteoporosis medication. Vitamin D plays a significant role in the pathophysiology and healing of fragility fractures and in rehabilitation after fracture. Correction of vitamin D deficiency should be one of the main outcomes in fracture liaison services.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chevalley
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - M L Brandi
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - E Cavalier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liege, CHU de Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - N C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - G Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- UKNIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D Hannouche
- Service of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J-F Kaux
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - A Kurth
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Kemperhof, Community Clinics Middle Rhine, Koblenz, Germany
| | - S Maggi
- CNR Aging Branch-IN, Padua, Italy
| | - G Maier
- Department of Orthopaedic and Rheumatological Rehabilitation, Rehazentrum am Meer, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany
| | - K Papavasiliou
- 3rd Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Medical School, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Sosa-Henríquez
- University Institute of Investigation on Biomedical Sciences (IUIBMS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
- Bone Metabolic Unit, Hospital University Insular, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - N Suhm
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - U Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - J-Y Reginster
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - R Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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21
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Ko S, Jun C, Nam J. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on the functional outcome in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture and vitamin D deficiency. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:571. [PMID: 34560907 PMCID: PMC8464138 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, supplementation using vitamin D preparations and maintenance of blood vitamin D level within the normal range are necessary for proper fracture union, enhancement of muscle strength, and maintenance of body balance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on blood vitamin D level, pain relief, union time, and functional outcome in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture and vitamin D deficiency. METHODS One hundred thirty patients who were deficient in blood vitamin D level and had osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture were divided into supplementation group and non-supplementation group. Initially, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after the injury, radiographs were taken to assess fracture union, and questionnaires were evaluated to evaluate the functional outcome and quality of life. RESULTS The mean age of the 130 patients (36 males and 94 females) was 74.75 ± 7.25 years. There were no statistically significant differences in initial severity of low back pain, functional outcome, and quality of life between the insufficient group and the deficient group (all p values were > 0.05). There was no significant time-by-group interaction between the supplementation group and the non-supplementation group (p = 0.194). In terms of SF-36 physical component score, there was no significant time-by-group interaction between the supplementation group and the non-supplementation group (p = 0.934). CONCLUSIONS Fracture union was achieved in all patients regardless of serum vitamin D level, and there were significant improvements in severity of low back pain, functional outcome, and quality of life over 12 months in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. Short-term vitamin D supplementation of patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture and deficiency of vitamin D did not result in significant differences in fracture union status, functional outcome, and quality of life between the supplementation groups and the non-supplementation groups of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangbong Ko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu Catholic University Hospital, 33, Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu, 42472, Korea.
| | - ChungMu Jun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu Catholic University Hospital, 33, Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu, 42472, Korea
| | - Junho Nam
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu Catholic University Hospital, 33, Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu, 42472, Korea
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22
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Fujita-Yamashita M, Yamamoto K, Honda H, Hanayama Y, Tokumasu K, Nakano Y, Hasegawa K, Hagiya H, Obika M, Ogawa H, Otsuka F. Gender-Dependent Characteristics of Serum 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D/25-Hydroxyvitamin D Ratio for the Assessment of Bone Metabolism. Cureus 2021; 13:e18070. [PMID: 34671537 PMCID: PMC8521239 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Vitamin D deficiency, which is common worldwide, increases the risks of falls and fractures and can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. However, the clinical utility and relevance of vitamin D activation remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to clarify the clinical usefulness of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D)/25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) ratio for assessment of the extent of bone metabolism. Methods We retrospectively screened data for 87 patients whose serum 1,25D and 25D levels were measured. Eight patients who were taking vitamin D preparations were excluded, and data for 79 patients (33 males and 46 females) were analyzed. Since menopausal status can be associated with serum vitamin D level, we divided the patients by gender and divided the female patients into two groups at the age of 50 years. Results The median serum 1,25D/25D ratio was significantly lower in males than in females, with the most considerable difference in all males [4.1 (interquartile range: 2.3-5.8) × 10-3] versus elderly females (aged ≧50 years) [7.9 (3.3-10.1) × 10-3). Main disorders were endocrine (30.6%), inflammatory (18.5%), and bone-related (16.7%) disorders. The ratios of serum 1,25D/25D had significant negative correlations with femoral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry % young adult mean (DEXA %YAM) (R=-0.35) and lumbar DEXA %YAM (R=-0.32). Significant correlations were found between the 1,25D/25D ratio and serum levels of inorganic phosphate (iP), parathyroid hormone, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The 1,25D/25D ratio had gender-specific characteristics: the ratio was significantly correlated with age in males (R=-0.49), while it was significantly correlated with BMI in females (R=0.34). Conclusions The results of this study suggested that vitamin D activity is negatively correlated with bone mineral density, being reduced in aged males but enhanced in obese females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Fujita-Yamashita
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Koichiro Yamamoto
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Yoshihisa Hanayama
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Kazuki Tokumasu
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Yasuhiro Nakano
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Kou Hasegawa
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Hideharu Hagiya
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Mikako Obika
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Hiroko Ogawa
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
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23
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Pillar S, Amer R. The association between vitamin D and uveitis: A comprehensive review. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:321-330. [PMID: 34343538 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an important role in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. We review published data on the relationship between uveitis and vitamin D levels or vitamin D-associated gene polymorphisms. A search of the PubMed and Medline databases was conducted to identify relevant articles concerning vitamin D and uveitis. Sixteen studies were included in this review, and the evidence they present, linking low vitamin D levels with uveitis, is compelling. The uveitic entities shown to be modulated by hypovitaminosis D include, but are not limited to, HLA-B27-associated acute anterior uveitis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, sarcoidosis-associated uveitis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Specific polymorphisms of vitamin D family genes were found to correlate with uveitis in ankylosing spondylitis, Behçet's disease, VKH, and HLA B27-positive patients. Further understanding of the role of vitamin D, a known regulator of inflammatory processes, in noninfectious uveitis may advance capabilities in the fields of disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Pillar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Organization, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Radgonde Amer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Organization, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Jayaraj JM, Kuriakose BB, Alhazmi AH, Muthusamy K. Structural and functional insights on vitamin D receptor and CYP24A1 deleterious single nucleotide polymorphisms: A computational and pharmacogenomics perpetual approach. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:874-885. [PMID: 34231237 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) drugs remains a challenge due to the variations in the genes. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) and Cytochrome 24A1 (CYP24A1) genetic variants might affect the drug potency, efficacy and pathway. Here we have to analyse and determine the deleterious single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) of VDR and CYP24A1 genes and their different population's drug responses in different populations to understand the key role in CKD. Among that the large scale of nsSNP, we used certain computational tools that predicted six missense variants are observed to be significantly damaging effect and SNP variability with large differences in various populations. Molecular docking studies were carried out by clinical and our screened compounds to VDR and CYP24A1. Docking results revealed all the compounds have a good binding affinity (Score). The screened compounds (TCM_2868 and UNPD_141613) show good binding affinity when compared to known compounds. The QM/MM study revealed that the compounds have electron transfer ability and act as a donor/acceptor to mutated proteins. The structural and conformational changes of protein complexes were analysed by molecular dynamics study. Hence, this study helps to identify suitable drugs through drug discovery in CKD treatment. The abovementioned compounds have more binding affinity, efficacy, and potency of both wild and mutant of VDR and CYP24A1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beena Briget Kuriakose
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Hamad Alhazmi
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
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Tashkandi N, Zhao Y, Mitchell-Lee G, Stephens D, Patel M, Motro M, Will LA, Kantarci A. Longitudinal assessment of salivary vitamin D binding protein during orthodontic tooth movement. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:332. [PMID: 34225707 PMCID: PMC8256539 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D is critical for bone physiology. In this study, we quantified Vitamin D Binding Protein (VitDBP) levels in saliva as a measure of Vitamin D during orthodontic tooth movement. Methods In this longitudinal study, saliva samples were collected from 73 orthodontic patients for 4 timepoints for the first six months of orthodontic treatment, along with dental casts at the beginning and the end of the study period. The saliva was measured for VitDBP as a biological marker for bone apposition and clinical tooth movement. We used the absolute change in Little's Irregularity Index as a quantitative measure for alignment. In addition, we measured the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in saliva as a marker of bone turnover. Results Both low (< 2.75 ng/ml) and high (> 6.48 ng/ml) VitDBP levels were associated with reduced tooth movement. Significant (p < 0.05) seasonal changes in VitDBP using a two-season year model were found with lower levels observed in the summer (Apr–Sept) than in the winter (Oct–Mar). Conclusions Clinically significant orthodontic tooth movement is associated with an optimal range of VitDBP in saliva. Normal levels of VitDBP correlated with more orthodontic tooth movement, suggesting a "normal" range of salivary content of VitDBP. Given the strong trend that is independent of the confounding factors (ex. age, race or gender), the predictive value or salivary VitDBP for tooth movement should be studied in larger cohorts in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Tashkandi
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Boston University Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yihong Zhao
- Department of Applied Psychology, Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Gabrielle Mitchell-Lee
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Boston University Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Stephens
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Michele Patel
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Melih Motro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Boston University Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leslie A Will
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Boston University Henry M Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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26
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Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its prognostic impact on patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Nutrition 2021; 91-92:111408. [PMID: 34388589 PMCID: PMC8247197 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Although hypovitaminosis D appears to be highly prevalent in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), its impact on their prognosis remains unclear. Methods: In this study, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (Vit-D) level was measured in 200 patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The association between Vit-D and the composite endpoint of intensive care unit (ICU) admission/in-hospital death was explored using univariable and multivariable analyses. Also, serum Vit-D level in patients with COVID-19 was compared with that in age- and sex-balanced COVID-19-negative controls (i.e., 50 inpatients with sepsis). Results: Serum Vit-D level was comparable between patients with COVID-19 and COVID-19-negative inpatients with sepsis (P = 0.397). No significant differences were found in serum Vit-D level according to COVID-19 severity at the time of hospital admission (P = 0.299). Incidence rates of the composite endpoint of ICU admission/in-hospital death did not differ significantly between patients with either Vit-D deficiency (i.e., Vit-D <20 ng/mL) or severe Vit-D deficiency (i.e., Vit-D <12 ng/mL) and those without (31% vs 35% with P = 0.649, and 34% vs 30% with P = 0.593, respectively). Vit-D level and status (i.e., Vit-D deficiency and severe Vit-D deficiency) were not prospectively associated with the risk of the composite endpoint of ICU admission/in-hospital death (P > 0.05 for all Cox regression models). Conclusions: Regardless of the potential usefulness of Vit-D measurement to guide appropriate supplementation, Vit-D does not appear to provide helpful information for the stratification of in-hospital prognosis in patients with COVID-19.
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Zhu L, Zhang J, Wang J, Lv X, Pu D, Wang Y, Men Q, He L. Uncoupled bone remodeling is characteristic of bone damage in premenopausal women with new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2021; 30:1116-1123. [PMID: 33832361 DOI: 10.1177/09612033211005067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism underlying systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-related bone loss by evaluating the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in premenopausal patients with new-onset SLE without any treatment. METHODS BMD and BTMs of 106 premenopausal patients with new-onset SLE and 64 gender-, age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls were analyzed. BMD was determined using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Serum BTMs were measured. RESULTS Hip and lumbar spine BMD in premenopausal patients with new-onset SLE was significantly decreased compared with healthy controls. Higher rate of osteoporosis was observed in new-onset SLE patients (25% vs. 1%). Moreover, uncoupled bone remodeling evidenced by an increase in bone resorption marker β-CTX (685.9 ± 709.6 pg/mL vs. 395.4 ± 326.0 pg/mL, P < 0.05) and decrease in bone formation markers PINP (37.4 ± 33.0 ng/mL vs. 46.1 ± 20.9 ng/mL, P < 0.05) and OC (11.4 ± 9.8 ng/mL vs. 18.2 ± 8.6 ng/mL, P < 0.05) was observed in premenopausal patients with new-onset SLE compared with healthy controls. Univariate correlation analyses showed negative correlations between OC and SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), and positive correlations between β-CTX and SLEDAI. SLE patients positive for dsDNA, nucleosome showed lower OC and higher β-CTX. CONCLUSION Premenopausal patients with new-onset SLE had decreased BMD and abnormal bone metabolism with increased β-CTX and decreased OC and P1NP levels, indicating uncoupled bone remodeling in new-onset SLE patients. Disease activity and abnormal immunity, especially the amount of antibodies in SLE patients, were strongly associated with abnormality of bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, JiaoTong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, JiaoTong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, JiaoTong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohong Lv
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, JiaoTong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Pu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, JiaoTong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, JiaoTong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Men
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, JiaoTong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lan He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, JiaoTong University, Xi'an, China
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Habash G, Jayash SN. Diode laser assisted horizontal bone defect regeneration in the treatment of peri-implantitis. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:1247-1252. [PMID: 33768820 PMCID: PMC7981712 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Our findings show the use of a diode laser to remove inflamed tissue and regenerate the horizontal bone defects around the implant. These findings could be applied in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan Habash
- Periodontology DepartmentFaculty of DentistryAlQuds UniversityJerusalemPalestine
- University of Health ScienceLahorPakistan
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Chen C, Adhikari R, White DL, Kim WK. Role of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 on Osteogenic Differentiation and Mineralization of Chicken Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Physiol 2021; 12:479596. [PMID: 33597893 PMCID: PMC7882605 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.479596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25OHD) has been suggested to play an important role in osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. However, limited data have been reported in avian species. In the present study, the direct role of 1,25OHD on osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in chicken mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs) derived from day-old broiler bones was investigated. cMSCs were treated with control media (C), osteogenesis media (OM), OM with 1, 5, 10, and 50 nM 1,25OHD, respectively. The messenger RNA (mRNA) samples were obtained at 24 and 48 h and 3 and 7 days to examine mRNA expression of key osteogenic genes [runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), collagen type I alpha 2 chain (COL1A2), bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)]. Cells were stained at 7, 14, and 21 days using Von Kossa (mineralization), Alizarin Red (AR; mineralization), and Alkaline Phosphatase (early marker) staining methods. From the mRNA expression results, we found a time-dependent manner of 1,25OHD on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. In general, it showed an inhibitory effect on differentiation and mineralization during the early stage (24 and 48 h), and a stimulatory effect during the late cell stage (3 and 7 days). The staining showed 1,25OHD had an inhibitory effect on ALP enzyme activities and mineralization in a dosage-dependent manner up to 14 days. However, at 21 days, there was no difference between the treatments. This study provides a novel understanding of the effects of 1,25OHD on osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of cMSCs depending on cell stage and maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxiao Chen
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Roshan Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Dima Lynn White
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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30
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Kankova S, Bicikova M, Macova L, Hlavacova J, Sykorova K, Jandova D, Flegr J. Latent toxoplasmosis and vitamin D concentration in humans: three observational studies. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2021; 68. [PMID: 33762474 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2021.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous recent studies show that vitamin D deficiency potentiates various chronic physical and psychiatric disorders and diseases. It has been shown that a similar range of disorders is also associated with latent infection with Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908). For instance, among cancer, diabetes and schizophrenia patients, we find a higher prevalence of both toxoplasmosis and vitamin D deficiency. Theoretically, therefore, vitamin D deficiency could be the missing link between toxoplasmosis and these disorders. We tested this hypothesis by searching for decreased vitamin D levels in the serum of subjects infected with T. gondii (furthermore called Toxoplasma-infected subjects) in two cross-sectional and one case-control study. Results of the first cross-sectional study (N = 72) suggest that Toxoplasma-infected neurasthenic patients have non-significantly lower levels of calcidiol than Toxoplasma-free patients (study A: P = 0.26 in women, P = 0.68 in men). However, two other studies (study B: N = 400; study C: N = 191) showed a non-significantly higher concentration of vitamin D in Toxoplasma-infected subjects than in Toxoplasma-free subjects both in men (study B: P = 0.70, study C: P = 0.55) and in women (study B: P = 0.64, study C: P = 0.12). Taken together, our preliminary results thus do not support the hypothesis that toxoplasmosis could be associated with vitamin D decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Kankova
- Department of Philosophy and History of Science, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Applied Neurosciences and Brain Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Jana Hlavacova
- Department of Philosophy and History of Science, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Sykorova
- Department of Philosophy and History of Science, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jaroslav Flegr
- Department of Philosophy and History of Science, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Applied Neurosciences and Brain Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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Vitamin D status and determinants of deficiency among Palestinian females of childbearing age: A case control study. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Crutchley RD, Jacobs DM, Gathe J, Mayberry C, Bulayeva N, Rosenblatt KP, Garey KW. Vitamin D Assessment Over 48 Weeks in Treatment-Naive HIV Individuals Starting Lopinavir/Ritonavir Monotherapy. Curr HIV Res 2021; 19:61-72. [PMID: 32860360 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x18666200827115615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is common in HIV population and has been associated with increased comorbidity risk and poor immunologic status. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of protease inhibitor lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy on changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] over 48 weeks. METHODS Thirty-four treatment-naïve HIV individuals initiating lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy and receiving clinical care from private practice in Houston, Texas, were included. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels from stored plasma samples collected from IMANI-2 pilot study at both baseline and 48 weeks were analyzed using LC-MS assays. Mean 25(OH)D at baseline and 48 weeks were compared using paired t-tests. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with changes in 25(OH)D. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the effect of vitamin D status and covariates on CD4 cell count recovery. RESULTS Mean 25(OH)D was significantly higher at 48 weeks (26.3 ng/mL (SD + 14.9); p=0.0003) compared to baseline (19.8 ng/mL (SD +12.1), with fewer individuals having vitamin D deficiency (41.2%) and severe deficiency (11.8%). Both body mass index and baseline CD4 cell count were significant independent covariates associated with 25(OH)D changes over 48 weeks. Baseline vitamin D status did not affect CD4 cell count recovery. However, in a 24-week multivariate analysis, current tobacco use was significantly associated with a decreased odds of CD4 cell count recovery (AOR 0.106, 95% CI 0.018-0.606; p=0.012). CONCLUSION Individuals treated with lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy had significantly higher 25(OH)D after 48 weeks. Current tobacco users had significantly diminished CD4 cell count recovery after starting treatment, warranting further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustin D Crutchley
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Washington State University, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yakima, WA, United States
| | - David M Jacobs
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Joseph Gathe
- Therapeutic Concepts, Inc, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carl Mayberry
- Therapeutic Concepts, Inc, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nataliya Bulayeva
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kevin P Rosenblatt
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kevin W Garey
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, United States
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Lopez AG, Kerlan V, Desailloud R. Non-classical effects of vitamin D: Non-bone effects of vitamin D. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2020; 82:43-51. [PMID: 33279474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of vitamin D has improved considerably in recent years. The role of vitamin D in preventing osteoporotic fractures is now well-established. However, an important controversy has emerged in the last decade concerning the effects of the active form of vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D) on tissues other than bone (non-classical effects). The demonstration that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is ubiquitously, expressed combined with increasing observational data supporting a relationship between the level of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D in the serum and chronic metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease and neoplasms, have led to its redefinition as a steroid hormone and the proposal of its use in preventing and/or treating those diseases. This article is an update on the different non-bone or non-classical effects of "vitamin-hormone D", and its potential preventive or therapeutic role in certain diseases, however, this review is not exhaustive. The different modalities of substitution or supplementation proposed in France by the Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur les Ostéoporoses (GRIO) are also summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine-Guy Lopez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
| | - Véronique Kerlan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
| | - Rachel Desailloud
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and PériTox, UMR-I 01 INERIS, University Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France
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Chen S, He Z, Xu J. Application of adipose-derived stem cells in photoaging: basic science and literature review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:491. [PMID: 33225962 PMCID: PMC7682102 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoaging is mainly induced by continuous exposure to sun light, causing multiple unwanted skin characters and accelerating skin aging. Adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) are promising in supporting skin repair because of their significant antioxidant capacity and strong proliferation, differentiation, and migration ability, as well as their enriched secretome containing various growth factors and cytokines. The identification of the mechanisms by which ADSCs perform these functions for photoaging has great potential to explore therapeutic applications and combat skin aging. We also review the basic mechanisms of UV-induced skin aging and recent improvement in pre-clinical applications of ADSCs associated with photoaging. Results showed that ADSCs are potential to address photoaging problem and might treat skin cancer. Compared with ADSCs alone, the secretome-based approaches and different preconditionings of ADSCs are more promising to overcome the current limitations and enhance the anti-photoaging capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidie Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhigang He
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Qu Z, Yang F, Hong J, Wang W, Yan S. Parathyroid Hormone and Bone Mineral Density: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5896008. [PMID: 32827441 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating evidence implicates parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the development of osteoporosis. However, the causal effect of PTH on bone mineral density (BMD) remains unclear. Thus, this study is aimed at exploring the association between the concentrations of serum PTH and BMD. METHODS The instrumental variables for PTH were selected from a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS; n = 29 155). Outcomes included BMD of the forearm (FA; n = 8143), femoral neck (FN; n = 33 297), lumbar spine (LS; n = 32 735), heel (HL; n = 394 929), and risk of fractures in these bones (n = 361 194). Furthermore, the BMD of 5 different age groups: 15 years or younger (n = 11 807), 15-30 (n = 4180), 30-45 (n = 10 062), 45-60 (n = 18 805), and 60 years or older (n = 22 504) were extracted from a GWAS meta-analysis study. The analyses were performed using the 2-sample Mendelian randomization method. RESULTS Mendelian randomization analysis revealed that the level of serum PTH was inversely associated with BMD of FA (95% CI: -0.763 to -0.016), FN (95% CI: -0.669 to -0.304), and LS (95% CI: -0.667 to -0.243). A causal relationship between serum PTH levels and BMD was observed in individuals aged 30-45 (95% CI: -0.888 to -0.166), 45-60 (95% CI: -0.758 to -0.232), and over 60 years (95% CI: -0.649 to -0.163). MAIN CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the concentrations of serum PTH is inversely associated with BMD of several bones. Further analysis revealed site- and age-specific correlations between serum PTH levels and BMD, which implies that the levels of serum PTH contribute to the development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Qu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangkun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianqiao Hong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shigui Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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36
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Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207597. [PMID: 33066607 PMCID: PMC7589189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between bone forming cells (osteoblasts/osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts) plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and bone repair. Several hormones, cytokines, and growth factors-in particular the members of the TGF-β superfamily such as the bone morphogenetic proteins-not only regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and functioning of these cells, but also coordinate the communication between them to ensure an appropriate response. Therefore, this review focuses on TGF-β superfamily and its influence on bone formation and repair, through the regulation of osteoclastogenesis, osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, and osteoblasts/osteoclasts balance. After introducing the main types of bone cells, their differentiation and cooperation during bone remodeling and fracture healing processes are discussed. Then, the TGF-β superfamily, its signaling via canonical and non-canonical pathways, as well as its regulation by Wnt/Notch or microRNAs are described and discussed. Its important role in bone homeostasis, repair, or disease is also highlighted. Finally, the clinical therapeutic uses of members of the TGF-β superfamily and their associated complications are debated.
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Mazini L, Rochette L, Malka G. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) and Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF11): Regenerative and Antiaging Capacity for the Skin. Regen Med 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Han S, Qiu W, Zhang J, Bai Z, Tong X. Development of a Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for Quantification of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Human Serum. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:9039270. [PMID: 32802551 PMCID: PMC7416287 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9039270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) for human serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was established by a competition model. In serum, more than 99% of total circulating 25(OH)D binds to protein and less than 1% of 25(OH)D is in free form (Jassil et al., 2017). Before measuring concentration of 25(OH)D in serum, a releasing procedure should be conducted. A new reagent is used to release binding 25(OH)D to free form. Streptavidin (SA) was labeled to magnetic beads by a 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) method. Biotinylated VD was used as a competitor of 25(OH)D in samples. Anti-VD antibody (aby) was labeled to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) by EDC to react with 25(OH)D and biotinylated-VD molecules. The pretreated samples or standards were added into the reaction tube with biotin-VD and anti-VD aby-HRP, free 25(OH)D in the sample competes with biotinylated VD for binding to anti-VD aby-HRP, an SA-labeled magnetic particle is added to isolate the signal-generating complex, and the signal is inversely proportional to the 25(OH)D concentration in the sample. The method established shows good thermostability and performance. The limitation of detection (LoD) is 1.43 ng/mL. The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) is 3.66%-6.56%, the interassay CV is 4.19%-7.01%, and the recovery rate is 93.22%-107.99%. Cross-reactivity (CR) was remarkably low with vitamin D2, vitamin D3, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D2. At the same time, the cross-reaction values with 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were 97% and 100%, respectively. The developed method shows good correlation with the total VD product from Roche and DiaSorin. 1096 clinical patient samples were measured with developed reagent kit in this study. 7 types of disease were involved, and the concentration of 25(OH)D is less than 30 ng/mL in 94.98% of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Han
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wuxian Qiu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Department of Pediatrics, Wuxi, China
| | - Junlan Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiao Tong
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Department of Pediatrics, Wuxi, China
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Botelho J, Machado V, Proença L, Delgado AS, Mendes JJ. Vitamin D Deficiency and Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1471. [PMID: 32438644 PMCID: PMC7285165 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) levels have been gaining growing attention in Oral Health. During growth and adulthood, VD deficiency (VDD) is associated with a wide variety of oral health disorders, and impaired VD synthesis may expedite some of these conditions. In children, severe VDD can induce defective tooth mineralization, resulting in dentin and enamel defects. As a consequence, these defects may increase the risk of the onset and progression of dental caries. Further, VDD has been associated with higher prevalence of periodontitis and gingival inflammation, and several recent preclinical and clinical studies have unveiled potential pathways through which Vitamin D may interact with the periodontium. VDD correction through supplementation may contribute to a successful treatment of periodontitis; however, alveolar bone regeneration procedures performed in baseline VDD patients seem more prone to failure. Vitamin D may also be linked with some oral pathology entities such as certain oral cancers and events of osteonecrosis of the jaw. This review aims to provide comprehensive evidence of how VD levels should be considered to promote good oral health, and to summarize how VDD may hamper oral development and its role in certain oral conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Botelho
- Periodontology Department, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal;
- CRU, CiiEM, Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal; (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Periodontology Department, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal;
- CRU, CiiEM, Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal; (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
- Orthodontics Department, CRU, CiiEM, Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal
| | - Luís Proença
- Quantitative Methods for Health Research Unit (MQIS), CiiEM, Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal;
| | - Ana Sintra Delgado
- CRU, CiiEM, Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal; (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
- Orthodontics Department, CRU, CiiEM, Egas Moniz–Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- CRU, CiiEM, Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal; (A.S.D.); (J.J.M.)
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Mazini L, Rochette L, Admou B, Amal S, Malka G. Hopes and Limits of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1306. [PMID: 32075181 PMCID: PMC7072889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue derived stem cells (ADSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells identified within subcutaneous tissue at the base of the hair follicle (dermal papilla cells), in the dermal sheets (dermal sheet cells), in interfollicular dermis, and in the hypodermis tissue. These cells are expected to play a major role in regulating skin regeneration and aging-associated morphologic disgraces and structural deficits. ADSCs are known to proliferate and differentiate into skin cells to repair damaged or dead cells, but also act by an autocrine and paracrine pathway to activate cell regeneration and the healing process. During wound healing, ADSCs have a great ability in migration to be recruited rapidly into wounded sites added to their differentiation towards dermal fibroblasts (DF), endothelial cells, and keratinocytes. Additionally, ADSCs and DFs are the major sources of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins involved in maintaining skin structure and function. Their interactions with skin cells are involved in regulating skin homeostasis and during healing. The evidence suggests that their secretomes ensure: (i) The change in macrophages inflammatory phenotype implicated in the inflammatory phase, (ii) the formation of new blood vessels, thus promoting angiogenesis by increasing endothelial cell differentiation and cell migration, and (iii) the formation of granulation tissues, skin cells, and ECM production, whereby proliferation and remodeling phases occur. These characteristics would be beneficial to therapeutic strategies in wound healing and skin aging and have driven more insights in many clinical investigations. Additionally, it was recently presented as the tool key in the new free-cell therapy in regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, ADSCs fulfill the general accepted criteria for cell-based therapies, but still need further investigations into their efficiency, taking into consideration the host-environment and patient-associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Mazini
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Régénération Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Centre interface Applications Médicales (CIAM), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, Ben-Guerir 43 150, Morocco;
| | - Luc Rochette
- Equipe d’Accueil (EA 7460), Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculté des Sciences de Santé Université de Bourgogne—Franche Comté, 7 Bd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Brahim Admou
- Laboratoire d’immunologie, Centre de Recherche Clinique, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université Cadi Ayyad, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Marrakech 40 000, Morocco;
| | - Said Amal
- Service de dermatologie, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université Cadi Ayyad, Centre hospitalier universitaire, Marrakech 40000, Morocco;
| | - Gabriel Malka
- Laboratoire Cellules Souches et Régénération Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Centre interface Applications Médicales (CIAM), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, Ben-Guerir 43 150, Morocco;
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Chen ZY, Ye LW, Zhao L, Liang ZJ, Yu T, Gao J. Hyperuricemia as a potential plausible risk factor for periodontitis. Med Hypotheses 2020; 137:109591. [PMID: 32007821 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated blood uric acid (UA) levels have been positively associated with the severity of periodontitis. It thus brings out a hypothesis that hyperuricemia, a pathological elevation of blood UA, might be a risk factor for periodontitis. Namely, periodontitis individuals with Hu might acquire more severe periodontal destruction compared to those without Hu. To support the hypothesis, four aspects of evidences are proposed. First, hyperuricemia and periodontitis share many metabolic and inflammatory comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases which are commonly related to elevated UA levels and gout. Second, observational and interventional studies have found altered UA levels in blood and saliva in periodontitis patients or after periodontal treatment, suggesting an epidemiological connection between hyperuricemia and periodontitis. Third, plausible immuno-metabolic mechanisms by which hyperuricemia might promote the progression of periodontitis are suggested, such as impaired immune response, oxidative stress, pathological bone remodeling and dysbiosis. The last, our empirical data exhibited elevated UA levels in gingival tissue in periodontitis mice compared to controls. If the hypothesis is true, given the high prevalence of the two conditions, hyperuricemia would be a significant risk factor increasing the global burden of periodontal diseases. Evidences on a directional correlation between hyperuricemia and periodontitis are sparse. Longitudinal and experimental studies would be necessary to determine the magnitude of periodontal risk, if any, exacerbated by hyperuricemia and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yun Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Wen Ye
- Department of Periodontology, Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Jia Liang
- Department of Periodontology, Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Periodontology, Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Periodontology, Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Vitamin D receptor rs2228570 polymorphism and Parkinson’s disease risk in a Chinese population. Neurosci Lett 2020; 717:134722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Liu M, Yao X, Zhu Z. Associations between serum calcium, 25(OH)D level and bone mineral density in older adults. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:458. [PMID: 31864386 PMCID: PMC6925486 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Calcium and vitamin D play important roles in bone health as essential nutrients. We explored whether serum calcium, 25(OH)D were associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 4595 participants (2281 men and 2314 women) aged ≥ 50 years (from 50 to 85 years, 60.1 ± 8.7 years for men and 62.0 ± 9.7 years for women) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2006. The independent variables were serum calcium and 25(OH)D. The dependent variable was lumbar BMD. The other variables were considered potential effect modifiers. We performed weighted multivariate linear regression models and smooth curve fittings to evaluate the associations between them. Subgroup analyses were also performed. Results We observed a negative association between serum calcium and lumbar BMD in the fully adjusted model. In the subgroup analyses, this association was no longer significant among males and other race/ethnicity. On the other hand, there was a positive association between serum 25(OH)D and lumbar BMD in the fully adjusted model. In the subgroup analyses, this association did not differ in different age groups, between men and women. However, the association between serum 25(OH)D and lumbar BMD followed a U-shaped curve in Mexican Americans. Conclusions This cross-sectional study indicated that serum calcium negatively correlated with lumbar BMD, and serum 25(OH)D positively correlated with lumbar BMD in older adults. However, the association between serum calcium and lumbar BMD in males followed a U-shaped curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minbo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocong Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxin Zhu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province, No. 548, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao C, Liu G, Zhang Y, Xu G, Yi X, Liang J, Yang Y, Liang J, Ma C, Ye Y, Yu M, Qu X. Association between serum levels of bone turnover markers and bone mineral density in men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 34:e23112. [PMID: 31733013 PMCID: PMC7171297 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), higher risks of impaired bone metabolism are widely reported. To evaluate bone metabolism, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover levels should be included. In this article, we analyzed the relationship between them in T2DM. Methods We conducted a hospital‐based cross‐sectional study enrolling 1499 patients hospitalized for T2DM between October 2009 and January 2013. Multivariate linear regression models were used to identify the relationship between bone turnover markers (BTMs) and BMD levels. A two‐sided P‐value < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results After adjusting for confounding factors, osteocalcin (OC) showed a negative relationship with total lumbar, femur neck, and total hip BMD in men and women. N‐terminal propeptides of type I collagen (P1NP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed a negative association with BMD at three sites in men and total lumbar BMD in women, whereas in the femur neck and total hip in women, the relationship was only found for P1NP with total hip. For β‐C‐terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (β‐CTX), a negative relationship was also found in all three sites for BMD in men and total lumbar BMD in women, whereas β‐CTX was not associated in the femoral neck and total hip in women. Conclusion In patients with T2DM, serum levels of OC, P1NP, β‐CTX, and ALP were negatively correlated with BMD levels in men in three sites and with total lumbar BMD in women. The relationship varied in femur neck and total hip BMD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhe Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangwang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiping Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,VIP Clinical Department (2), Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xilu Yi
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Songjiang Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinqiu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yangli Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxiang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Sharma DK, Sawyer RK, Robertson TS, Stamenkov R, Solomon LB, Atkins GJ, Clifton PM, Morris HA, Anderson PH. Elevated Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels Are Associated with Improved Bone Formation and Micro-Structural Measures in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111988. [PMID: 31731695 PMCID: PMC6912246 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, along with calcium, is generally considered necessary for bone health and reduction of fractures. However, he effects of improving vitamin D status have not always been observed to improve bone mineral density (BMD). We have investigated whether varying vitamin D status in humans, as measured by serum 25(OH)D levels, relate to micro-structural and histomorphetric measures of bone quality and quantity, rather than density. Intertrochanteric trabecular bone biopsies and serum samples were collected from patients undergoing hip arthroplasty (65 females, 38 males, mean age 84.8 ± 8.3 years) at Royal Adelaide Hospital. Estimated GFR, serum ionized calcium, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, supplement and medication intake prior to surgery were taken from patient case records. Serum 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were measured by immunoassays. Trabecular bone structural indices were determined by high-resolution micro-CT. Mean wall thickness (MWT) was measured on toluidine blue-stained histological sections. Bone mRNA levels for vitamin D metabolising enzymes CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 were measured by qRT-PCR. While serum 25(OH)D levels did not associate with bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV%), serum 25(OH)D levels were strongly and independently associated with MWT (r = 0.81 p < 0.0001) with values significantly greater in patients with higher serum 25(OH)D levels. Furthermore, serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively associated with Bone Surface/Bone Volume (BS/BV) (r = −0.206, p < 0.05) and together with bone CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 mRNA accounted for 10% of the variability of BS/BV (p = 0.001). These data demonstrate that serum 25(OH)D is an independent positive predictor of micro-structural and bone formation measures and may be dependent, in part, on its metabolism within the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti K. Sharma
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia (R.K.S.); (G.J.A.); (P.M.C.)
| | - Rebecca K. Sawyer
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia (R.K.S.); (G.J.A.); (P.M.C.)
| | - Thomas S. Robertson
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5001, Australia (R.S.); (L.B.S.)
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Roumen Stamenkov
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5001, Australia (R.S.); (L.B.S.)
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Lucian B. Solomon
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5001, Australia (R.S.); (L.B.S.)
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Gerald J. Atkins
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia (R.K.S.); (G.J.A.); (P.M.C.)
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Peter M. Clifton
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia (R.K.S.); (G.J.A.); (P.M.C.)
| | - Howard A. Morris
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia (R.K.S.); (G.J.A.); (P.M.C.)
| | - Paul H. Anderson
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia (R.K.S.); (G.J.A.); (P.M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Brankovič J, Fazarinc G, Antanasova M, Jevnikar P, Jan J, Anders I, Pavšič Vrtač K, Jakovac Strajn B, Antolinc D, Vrecl M. Lactational exposure to dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl 169 and nondioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl 155: Effects on rat femur growth, biomechanics and mineral composition. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:106-113. [PMID: 31078017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are persistent lipophilic environmental pollutants, has a variety of adverse effects on wildlife and human health, including bone mineralization, growth and mechanical strength. The present study evaluated the effects of lactational exposure to nondioxin-like PCB-155 and dioxin-like PCB-169, individually and in combination, on pubertal rat femur development and its biomechanics. After offspring delivery, Wistar rat mothers were divided into four groups, i.e., PCB-169, PCB-155, PCB-155+169 and control, and were administered PCBs intraperitoneally. Data on bone geometry, biomechanics and mineral composition were obtained by analysis of femurs from 42-day-old offspring by microCT scanning, three-point bending test and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Decreased somatic mass and femur size, i.e., mass, periosteal circumference and cross sectional area, were observed in the PCB-169 and PCB-155 groups. Additionally, lactational exposure to planar PCB-169 resulted in harder and more brittle bones containing higher amounts of minerals. Combined exposure to structurally and functionally different PCBs demonstrated only mild alterations in bone width and mineralization. To conclude, our results demonstrated that alterations, observed on postnatal day 42, were primarily induced by PCB-169, while toxicity from both of the individual congeners may have been reduced in the combined group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Brankovič
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Gregor Fazarinc
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Antanasova
- Department of Prosthodontics and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Jevnikar
- Department of Prosthodontics and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Jan
- Department of Dental Diseases and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ines Anders
- CF Alternative Biomodels and Preclinical Imaging, Department for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Roseggerweg 48, Graz, Austria
| | - Katarina Pavšič Vrtač
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Department of Environment, Animal Nutrition, Welfare and Hygiene, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Breda Jakovac Strajn
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Department of Environment, Animal Nutrition, Welfare and Hygiene, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Antolinc
- Chair for Testing in Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milka Vrecl
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Older women do not have seasonal variations of vitamin D levels: a study from a southern country. Menopause 2019; 25:912-917. [PMID: 29634637 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to study whether the seasonal variation of vitamin D [25(OH)-D or calcidiol] is similar or different in younger and older women living in a southern country. METHODS Measurement of serum 25(OH)-D concentration in 739 Chilean women aged 20 to 87 years, residents of Santiago (latitude: 33.4° South) who, during a routine gynaecological checkup, agreed to be evaluated. RESULTS The mean serum concentration of 25(OH)-D for the group was 24.1 ± 10.5 ng/mL. In women 20 to 39 years, the mean was significantly different from the mean of the ≥60 years old group (25.8 ± 10.6 ng/mL vs 23.9 ± 11.1 ng/mL; P < 0.02). Globally, 38.4% of participants had vitamin D deficiency and 36.1% insufficiency. A deficiency was present in 28.4% of the 20 to 39 years old, and in 43.9% in the ≥60 years old group (P < 0.004). In the whole group, a lower proportion (P < 0.0001) of vitamin D deficiency cases in the youngest women occurred during the summer (23.7%) in comparison to the winter (47.7%). It was observed that the proportion of participants in the 20 to 39 years old group with vitamin D deficiency fell from 48.9% in winter to 4.9% in summer (P = 0.0001). In the older groups, this change (less deficiency) is progressively smaller, 51.2% to 27.6% (P = 0.0020) in women 40 to 59 years old, and it does not happen in women ≥60 years (40% with vitamin D deficiency). CONCLUSIONS Serum vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)-D or calcidiol] is highly prevalent in Santiago, especially in older women (≥60 y) throughout the year. In contrast, in younger women (<40 y), the vitamin D deficiency tends to disappear during summer. More epidemiological studies and targeted prevention actions on vitamin D deficiency are warranted.
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Illescas-Montes R, Melguizo-Rodríguez L, Ruiz C, Costela-Ruiz VJ. Vitamin D and autoimmune diseases. Life Sci 2019; 233:116744. [PMID: 31401314 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of autoimmune diseases (ADs) has increased over the past few decades. Vitamin D deficiency is a common factor in many of these diseases, whose etiology remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to review published data on the role of vitamin D in ADs. Vitamin D insufficiency has been described as an important factor in the development of some ADs, generally attributed to the key role of this vitamin in the immune system. Most studies show that adequate supplementation can prevent and improve the development of some of these diseases, although the optimal vitamin D dose remains controversial. We highlight the importance of measuring serum vitamin D levels of the population and developing strategies to improve and maintain levels with no health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Illescas-Montes
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda, Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4ª planta, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda, Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4ª planta, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda, Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4ª planta, 18012, Granada, Spain; Institut of Neuroscience, University of Granada, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Parque de Tecnológico de la Salud (PTS) Avda, del Conocimiento S/N, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Víctor J Costela-Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda, Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, C/Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4ª planta, 18012, Granada, Spain
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Vitamin D history part III: the "modern times"-new questions for orthopaedic practice: deficiency, cell therapy, osteomalacia, fractures, supplementation, infections. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2019; 43:1755-1771. [PMID: 31037319 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-019-04334-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The nutritional basis for rickets was described between 1880 and 1915, at the same period of discovery of other "vital substances" or vitamins. In contrast, rickets could also be prevented or cured by sunshine. But as the capacity to produce vitamin D depends on exposure to ultraviolet B rays (UVB) from sunlight or artificial sources, vitamin D became one of the most frequently used "drugs" in the twentieth century to compensate for insufficient exposure to UVB of humans. Furthermore, as the understanding of vitamin D metabolism grew during the twentieth century, other concerns than rickets occurred for the orthopaedic surgeon: In recent history, deficiency is explored as being an associated factor of different bone pathologies as fracture or prosthetic infection. The aim of this review is to analyze these new data on vitamin D. MATERIALS AND METHODS During the twentieth century, there were many concerns for the orthopaedic surgeon: sources and synthesis of vitamin D, regulation of the calcium deposition process for both children and adults, when vitamin D deficiency is observed, and what the best method of vitamin D supplementation is. As target genes regulated by vitamin D are not limited to those involved in mineral homeostasis, orthopedists recently discovered that vitamin D might prevent periprosthetic infection. RESULTS The primary source (80%) of vitamin D is dermal synthesis related to the sun. Dietary sources (20%) of vitamin D are fat fishe, beef, liver, and eggs. Vitamin D is produced industrially to be used in fortified foods and supplements. Maintenance of skeletal calcium balance is mediated through vitamin D receptors. Progenitor cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts contain these receptors which explains the role of vitamin D in cell therapy, in the prevention of rickets and osteomalacia. Despite fortified foods, the prevalence of deficiency remains endemic in north latitudes. However, the definition of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency remains controversial. Vitamin D has been evaluated in patients undergoing fractures and elective orthopaedic procedures Although supplementation may not be able to prevent or cure all the orthopaedic pathologies, oral supplementation is able to improve the vitamin D levels of deficient patients. These vitamin D level improvements might be associated with better functional and clinical outcomes after some surgical procedures and improvement of immunity to decrease the risk of infection in arthroplasties. CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is frequent and concerns millions of people in the world. It is therefore normal to find hypovitaminosis in various orthopaedic populations including trauma and arthroplasties. However, we do not know exactly if this phenomenon only reflects the general prevalence of vitamin D deficiency or has an influence on the outcome of some pathologies on specific populations at risk. After the success of treatment of rickets, it is disappointing that we are still wondering in the twenty-first century whether supplementation of a substance synthetized millions of years ago by plankton and necessary for growth of all the animals may improve (or not) clinical and functional outcomes of a simple fracture in humans.
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Pilz S, Zittermann A, Trummer C, Theiler-Schwetz V, Lerchbaum E, Keppel MH, Grübler MR, März W, Pandis M. Vitamin D testing and treatment: a narrative review of current evidence. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:R27-R43. [PMID: 30650061 PMCID: PMC6365669 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D testing and treatment is a subject of controversial scientific discussions, and it is challenging to navigate through the expanding vitamin D literature with heterogeneous and partially opposed opinions and recommendations. In this narrative review, we aim to provide an update on vitamin D guidelines and the current evidence on the role of vitamin D for human health with its subsequent implications for patient care and public health issues. Vitamin D is critical for bone and mineral metabolism, and it is established that vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets and osteomalacia. While many guidelines recommend target serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations of ≥50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL), the minimum consensus in the scientific community is that serum 25(OH)D concentrations below 25-30 nmol/L (10-12 ng/mL) must be prevented and treated. Using this latter threshold of serum 25(OH)D concentrations, it has been documented that there is a high worldwide prevalence of vitamin D deficiency that may require public health actions such as vitamin D food fortification. On the other hand, there is also reason for concern that an exploding rate of vitamin D testing and supplementation increases costs and might potentially be harmful. In the scientific debate on vitamin D, we should consider that nutrient trials differ from drug trials and that apart from the opposed positions regarding indications for vitamin D treatment we still have to better characterize the precise role of vitamin D for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Zittermann
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Christian Trummer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Theiler-Schwetz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Lerchbaum
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin H Keppel
- University Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin R Grübler
- Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Winfried März
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Medical Clinic V (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruperto-Carola University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Synlab Medical Center of Human Genetics Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marlene Pandis
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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