1
|
Benedetti M, Vecchi V, Guardini Z, Dall’Osto L, Bassi R. Expression of a Hyperthermophilic Cellobiohydrolase in Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum by Protein Storage Vacuole Targeting. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1799. [PMID: 33353085 PMCID: PMC7767180 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant expression of microbial Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes (CWDEs) is a valuable strategy to produce industrial enzymes at affordable cost. Unfortunately, the constitutive expression of CWDEs may affect plant fitness to variable extents, including developmental alterations, sterility and even lethality. In order to explore novel strategies for expressing CWDEs in crops, the cellobiohydrolase CBM3GH5, from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, was constitutively expressed in N. tabacum by targeting the enzyme both to the apoplast and to the protein storage vacuole. The apoplast targeting failed to isolate plants expressing the recombinant enzyme despite a large number of transformants being screened. On the opposite side, the targeting of the cellobiohydrolase to the protein storage vacuole led to several transgenic lines expressing CBM3GH5, with an enzyme yield of up to 0.08 mg g DW-1 (1.67 Units g DW-1) in the mature leaf tissue. The analysis of CBM3GH5 activity revealed that the enzyme accumulated in different plant organs in a developmental-dependent manner, with the highest abundance in mature leaves and roots, followed by seeds, stems and leaf ribs. Notably, both leaves and stems from transgenic plants were characterized by an improved temperature-dependent saccharification profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università dell’Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Valeria Vecchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (V.V.); (Z.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Zeno Guardini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (V.V.); (Z.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Luca Dall’Osto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (V.V.); (Z.G.); (L.D.)
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (V.V.); (Z.G.); (L.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Padilla CS, Damaj MB, Yang ZN, Molina J, Berquist BR, White EL, Solís-Gracia N, Da Silva J, Mandadi KK. High-Level Production of Recombinant Snowdrop Lectin in Sugarcane and Energy Cane. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:977. [PMID: 33015000 PMCID: PMC7461980 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane and energy cane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) are ideal for plant-based production of recombinant proteins because their high resource-use efficiency, rapid growth and efficient photosynthesis enable extensive biomass production and protein accumulation at a cost-effective scale. Here, we aimed to develop these species as efficient platforms to produce recombinant Galanthus nivalis L. (snowdrop) agglutinin (GNA), a monocot-bulb mannose-specific lectin with potent antiviral, antifungal and antitumor activities. Initially, GNA levels of 0.04% and 0.3% total soluble protein (TSP) (0.3 and 3.8 mg kg–1 tissue) were recovered from the culms and leaves, respectively, of sugarcane lines expressing recombinant GNA under the control of the constitutive maize ubiquitin 1 (Ubi) promoter. Co-expression of recombinant GNA from stacked multiple promoters (pUbi and culm-regulated promoters from sugarcane dirigent5-1 and Sugarcane bacilliform virus) on separate expression vectors increased GNA yields up to 42.3-fold (1.8% TSP or 12.7 mg kg–1 tissue) and 7.7-fold (2.3% TSP or 29.3 mg kg–1 tissue) in sugarcane and energy cane lines, respectively. Moreover, inducing promoter activity in the leaves of GNA transgenic lines with stress-regulated hormones increased GNA accumulation to 2.7% TSP (37.2 mg kg–1 tissue). Purification by mannose-agarose affinity chromatography yielded a functional sugarcane recombinant GNA with binding substrate specificity similar to that of native snowdrop-bulb GNA, as shown by enzyme-linked lectin and mannose-binding inhibition assays. The size and molecular weight of recombinant GNA were identical to those of native GNA, as determined by size-exclusion chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. This work demonstrates the feasibility of producing recombinant GNA at high levels in Saccharum species, with the long-term goal of using it as a broad-spectrum antiviral carrier molecule for hemopurifiers and in related therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen S Padilla
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Mona B Damaj
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- Institute for Plant Gene Function, Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Joe Molina
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | | | - Earl L White
- MDx BioAnalytical Laboratory, Inc., College Station, TX, United States
| | - Nora Solís-Gracia
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Jorge Da Silva
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States.,Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kranthi K Mandadi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States.,Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Damaj MB, Jifon JL, Woodard SL, Vargas-Bautista C, Barros GOF, Molina J, White SG, Damaj BB, Nikolov ZL, Mandadi KK. Unprecedented enhancement of recombinant protein production in sugarcane culms using a combinatorial promoter stacking system. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13713. [PMID: 32792533 PMCID: PMC7426418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants represent a safe and cost-effective platform for producing high-value proteins with pharmaceutical properties; however, the ability to accumulate these in commercially viable quantities is challenging. Ideal crops to serve as biofactories would include low-input, fast-growing, high-biomass species such as sugarcane. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient expression system to enable large-scale production of high-value recombinant proteins in sugarcane culms. Bovine lysozyme (BvLz) is a potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial enzyme used in the food, cosmetics and agricultural industries. Here, we report a novel strategy to achieve high-level expression of recombinant proteins using a combinatorial stacked promoter system. We demonstrate this by co-expressing BvLz under the control of multiple constitutive and culm-regulated promoters on separate expression vectors and combinatorial plant transformation. BvLz accumulation reached 1.4% of total soluble protein (TSP) (10.0 mg BvLz/kg culm mass) in stacked multiple promoter:BvLz lines, compared to 0.07% of TSP (0.56 mg/kg) in single promoter:BvLz lines. BvLz accumulation was further boosted to 11.5% of TSP (82.5 mg/kg) through event stacking by re-transforming the stacked promoter:BvLz lines with additional BvLz expression vectors. The protein accumulation achieved with the combinatorial promoter stacking expression system was stable in multiple vegetative propagations, demonstrating the feasibility of using sugarcane as a biofactory for producing high-value proteins and bioproducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona B Damaj
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 2415 East US Highway 83, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA.
| | - John L Jifon
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 2415 East US Highway 83, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2133, USA
| | - Susan L Woodard
- National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing, Texas A&M University, 100 Discovery Drive, College Station, TX, 77843-4482, USA
| | - Carol Vargas-Bautista
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 2415 East US Highway 83, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Georgia O F Barros
- BioSeparation Laboratory, Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA
| | - Joe Molina
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 2415 East US Highway 83, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA
| | - Steven G White
- BioSeparation Laboratory, Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA
| | - Bassam B Damaj
- Innovus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 8845 Rehco Road, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Zivko L Nikolov
- BioSeparation Laboratory, Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA
| | - Kranthi K Mandadi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 2415 East US Highway 83, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA.
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2132, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Green Production and Biotechnological Applications of Cell Wall Lytic Enzymes. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9235012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
: Energy demand is constantly growing, and, nowadays, fossil fuels still play a dominant role in global energy production, despite their negative effects on air pollution and the emission of greenhouse gases, which are the main contributors to global warming. An alternative clean source of energy is represented by the lignocellulose fraction of plant cell walls, the most abundant carbon source on Earth. To obtain biofuels, lignocellulose must be efficiently converted into fermentable sugars. In this regard, the exploitation of cell wall lytic enzymes (CWLEs) produced by lignocellulolytic fungi and bacteria may be considered as an eco-friendly alternative. These organisms evolved to produce a variety of highly specific CWLEs, even if in low amounts. For an industrial use, both the identification of novel CWLEs and the optimization of sustainable CWLE-expressing biofactories are crucial. In this review, we focus on recently reported advances in the heterologous expression of CWLEs from microbial and plant expression systems as well as some of their industrial applications, including the production of biofuels from agricultural feedstock and of value-added compounds from waste materials. Moreover, since heterologous expression of CWLEs may be toxic to plant hosts, genetic strategies aimed in converting such a deleterious effect into a beneficial trait are discussed.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mir BA, Myburg AA, Mizrachi E, Cowan DA. In planta expression of hyperthermophilic enzymes as a strategy for accelerated lignocellulosic digestion. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11462. [PMID: 28904370 PMCID: PMC5597601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels and biomaterials suffers from high production costs associated with biomass pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. In-planta expression of lignocellulose-digesting enzymes is a promising approach to reduce these cost elements. However, this approach faces a number of challenges, including auto-hydrolysis of developing cell walls, plant growth and yield penalties, low expression levels and the limited stability of expressed enzymes at the high temperatures generally used for biomass processing to release fermentable sugars. To overcome these challenges we expressed codon-optimized recombinant hyperthermophilic endoglucanase (EG) and xylanase (Xyn) genes in A. thaliana. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing EG and Xyn enzymes at high levels without any obvious plant growth or yield penalties were selected for further analysis. The highest enzyme activities were observed in the dry stems of transgenic lines, indicating that the enzymes were not degraded during stem senescence and storage. Biomass from transgenic lines exhibited improved saccharification efficiency relative to WT control plants. We conclude that the expression of hyperthermophilic enzymes in plants is a promising approach for combining pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis processes in lignocellulosic digestion. This study provides a valid foundation for further studies involving in planta co-expression of core and accessory lignocellulose-digesting enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad Mir
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.,Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.,Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Satellite Campus Kargil, University of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Alexander A Myburg
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Eshchar Mizrachi
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Don A Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bhatia R, Gallagher JA, Gomez LD, Bosch M. Genetic engineering of grass cell wall polysaccharides for biorefining. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:1071-1092. [PMID: 28557198 PMCID: PMC5552484 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Grasses represent an abundant and widespread source of lignocellulosic biomass, which has yet to fulfil its potential as a feedstock for biorefining into renewable and sustainable biofuels and commodity chemicals. The inherent recalcitrance of lignocellulosic materials to deconstruction is the most crucial limitation for the commercial viability and economic feasibility of biomass biorefining. Over the last decade, the targeted genetic engineering of grasses has become more proficient, enabling rational approaches to modify lignocellulose with the aim of making it more amenable to bioconversion. In this review, we provide an overview of transgenic strategies and targets to tailor grass cell wall polysaccharides for biorefining applications. The bioengineering efforts and opportunities summarized here rely primarily on (A) reprogramming gene regulatory networks responsible for the biosynthesis of lignocellulose, (B) remodelling the chemical structure and substitution patterns of cell wall polysaccharides and (C) expressing lignocellulose degrading and/or modifying enzymes in planta. It is anticipated that outputs from the rational engineering of grass cell wall polysaccharides by such strategies could help in realizing an economically sustainable, grass-derived lignocellulose processing industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Bhatia
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Joe A. Gallagher
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | | | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marin Viegas VS, Ocampo CG, Petruccelli S. Vacuolar deposition of recombinant proteins in plant vegetative organs as a strategy to increase yields. Bioengineered 2017; 8:203-211. [PMID: 27644793 PMCID: PMC5470515 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016.1222994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivery of recombinant proteins to vegetative tissue vacuoles was considered inconvenient since this compartment was expected to be hydrolytic; nevertheless there is growing evidence that certain foreign proteins accumulate at high yields in vacuoles. For example avidin, cellulolytic enzymes, endolysin, and transglutaminases were produced at high yields when were sorted to leaf central vacuole avoiding the detrimental effect of these proteins on plant growth. Also, several secretory mammalian proteins such as collagen, α1-proteinase inhibitor, complement-5a, interleukin-6 and immunoglobulins accumulated at higher yields in leaf vacuoles than in the apoplast or cytosol. To reach this final destination, fusions to sequence specific vacuolar sorting signals (ssVSS) typical of proteases or proteinase inhibitors and/or Ct-VSS representative of storage proteins or plant lectins were used and both types of motifs were capable to increase accumulation. Importantly, the type of VSSs or position, either the N or C-terminus, did not alter protein stability, levels or pos-translational modifications. Vacuolar sorted glycoproteins had different type of oligosaccharides indicating that foreign proteins reached the vacuole by 2 different pathways: direct transport from the ER, bypassing the Golgi (high mannose oligosaccharides decorated proteins) or trafficking through the Golgi (Complex oligosaccharide containing proteins). In addition, some glycoproteins lacked of paucimannosidic oligosaccharides suggesting that vacuolar trimming of glycans did not occur. Enhanced accumulation of foreign proteins fused to VSS occurred in several plant species such as tobacco, Nicotiana benthamiana, sugarcane, tomato and in carrot and the obtained results were influenced by plant physiological state. Ten different foreign proteins fused to vacuolar sorting accumulated at higher levels than their apoplastic or cytosolic counterparts. For proteins with cytotoxic effects vacuolar sorted forms yields were superior than ER retained variants, but for other proteins the results were the opposite an there were also examples of similar levels for ER and vacuolar variants. In conclusion vacuolar sorting in vegetative tissues is a satisfactory strategy to enhance protein yields that can be used in several plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Soledad Marin Viegas
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina Gabriela Ocampo
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Silvana Petruccelli
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Caffall KH, He C, Smith-Jones M, Mayo K, Mai P, Dong S, Ke J, Dunder E, Yarnall M, Whinna R, DeMaio J, Gu W, Sheldon J, Allen M, Costello T, Setliff K, Jain R, Snyder A, Lovelady C, Rawls E, Palmer E, Zhang Y, Bate N, Shi L, Jepson I. Long-term T-DNA insert stability and transgene expression consistency in field propagated sugarcane. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 93:451-463. [PMID: 28032251 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses T-DNA insert stability and transgene expression consistency in multiple cycles of field propagated sugarcane. T-DNA inserts are stable; no transgene rearrangements were observed. AmCYAN1 and PMI protein accumulation levels were maintained. There was no evidence that production of either protein declined across generations and no transgene silencing was observed in three commercial sugarcane varieties through commercially relevant ratooning, propagation-by-setts, and micro-propagation generation processes over 4 years of field testing. Long term transgene expression consistency and T-DNA insert stability can be achieved in sugarcane, suggesting that it is highly probable that transgenic sugarcane can be successfully commercialized. This study addresses T-DNA insert stability and transgene expression consistency in multiple cycles of field propagated sugarcane. These data are critical supporting information needed for successful commercialization of GM sugarcane. Here seventeen transgenic events, containing the AmCYAN1 gene driven by a CMP promoter and the E. coli PMI gene driven by either a CMP or Ubi promoter, were used to monitor T-DNA insert stability and consistency of transgene encoded protein accumulation through commercially relevant ratooning, propagation-by-setts, and micro-propagation generation processes. The experiments were conducted in three commercial sugarcane varieties over 4 years of field testing. DNA gel blot analysis showed that the T-DNA inserts are stable; no transgene rearrangements were observed. Quantitative ELISA showed no evidence of decreasing AmCYAN1 and PMI protein levels across generations and no transgene silencing was observed. These results indicate that long term transgene expression consistency and T-DNA insert stability can be achieved in sugarcane, suggesting that it is highly probable that transgenic sugarcane can be successfully commercialized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Hosmer Caffall
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709-2257, USA
| | - Chengkun He
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709-2257, USA.
| | | | - Kristin Mayo
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709-2257, USA
| | - Pearl Mai
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709-2257, USA
| | - Shujie Dong
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709-2257, USA
| | - John Ke
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709-2257, USA
| | - Erik Dunder
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709-2257, USA
| | - Michele Yarnall
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709-2257, USA
| | - Rachel Whinna
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709-2257, USA
| | - Joe DeMaio
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709-2257, USA
| | - Weining Gu
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709-2257, USA
| | - Judith Sheldon
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill Research Center, Bracknell, BRK, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Martin Allen
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709-2257, USA
| | - Tricia Costello
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709-2257, USA
| | - Kristin Setliff
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709-2257, USA
| | - Rakesh Jain
- Vero Beach Research Center, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 7145 58th Avenue, Vero Beach, FL, 32967, USA
| | - Ada Snyder
- Vero Beach Research Center, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 7145 58th Avenue, Vero Beach, FL, 32967, USA
| | - Clark Lovelady
- Vero Beach Research Center, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 7145 58th Avenue, Vero Beach, FL, 32967, USA
| | - Eric Rawls
- Vero Beach Research Center, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 7145 58th Avenue, Vero Beach, FL, 32967, USA
| | - Eric Palmer
- Vero Beach Research Center, Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 7145 58th Avenue, Vero Beach, FL, 32967, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709-2257, USA
| | - Nicholas Bate
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709-2257, USA
| | - Liang Shi
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709-2257, USA
| | - Ian Jepson
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709-2257, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim JY, Nong G, Rice JD, Gallo M, Preston JF, Altpeter F. In planta production and characterization of a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase in transgenic sugarcane. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 93:465-478. [PMID: 28005227 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum sp. hybrids) is one of the most efficient and sustainable feedstocks for commercial production of fuel ethanol. Recent efforts focus on the integration of first and second generation bioethanol conversion technologies for sugarcane to increase biofuel yields. This integrated process will utilize both the cell wall bound sugars of the abundant lignocellulosic sugarcane residues in addition to the sucrose from stem internodes. Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass into its component sugars requires significant amounts of cell wall degrading enzymes. In planta production of xylanases has the potential to reduce costs associated with enzymatic hydrolysis but has been reported to compromise plant growth and development. To address this problem, we expressed a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase, xyl10B in transgenic sugarcane which displays optimal catalytic activity at 105 °C and only residual catalytic activity at temperatures below 70 °C. Transgene integration and expression in sugarcane were confirmed by Southern blot, RT-PCR, ELISA and western blot following biolistic co-transfer of minimal expression cassettes of xyl10B and the selectable neomycin phosphotransferase II. Xylanase activity was detected in 17 transgenic lines with a fluorogenic xylanase activity assay. Up to 1.2% of the total soluble protein fraction of vegetative progenies with integration of chloroplast targeted expression represented the recombinant Xyl10B protein. Xyl10B activity was stable in vegetative progenies. Tissues retained 75% of the xylanase activity after drying of leaves at 35 °C and a 2 month storage period. Transgenic sugarcane plants producing Xyl10B did not differ from non-transgenic sugarcane in growth and development under greenhouse conditions. Sugarcane xylan and bagasse were used as substrate for enzymatic hydrolysis with the in planta produced Xyl10B. TLC and HPLC analysis of hydrolysis products confirmed the superior catalytic activity and stability of the in planta produced Xyl10B with xylobiose as a prominent degradation product. These findings will contribute to advancing consolidated processing of lignocellulosic sugarcane biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yoon Kim
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Agronomy Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida - IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Guang Nong
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida - IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John D Rice
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida - IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maria Gallo
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Agronomy Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida - IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Delaware Valley University, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - James F Preston
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida - IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fredy Altpeter
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Agronomy Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida - IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jung JH, Kannan B, Dermawan H, Moxley GW, Altpeter F. Precision breeding for RNAi suppression of a major 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase gene improves cell wall saccharification from field grown sugarcane. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 92:505-517. [PMID: 27549390 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) is a major feedstock for commercial bioethanol production. The recent integration of conversion technologies that utilize lignocellulosic sugarcane residues as well as sucrose from stem internodes has elevated bioethanol yields. RNAi suppression of lignin biosynthetic enzymes is a successful strategy to improve the saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid metabolites, such as lignin and flavonoids. Identifying a major 4CL involved in lignin biosynthesis among multiple isoforms with functional divergence is key to manipulate lignin biosynthesis. In this study, two full length 4CL genes (Sh4CL1 and Sh4CL2) were isolated and characterized in sugarcane. Phylogenetic, expression and RNA interference (RNAi) analysis confirmed that Sh4CL1 is a major lignin biosynthetic gene. An intragenic precision breeding strategy may facilitate the regulatory approval of the genetically improved events and was used for RNAi suppression of Sh4CL1. Both, the RNAi inducing cassette and the expression cassette for the mutated ALS selection marker consisted entirely of DNA sequences from sugarcane or the sexually compatible species Sorghum bicolor. Field grown sugarcane with intragenic RNAi suppression of Sh4CL1 resulted in reduction of the total lignin content by up to 16.5 % along with altered monolignol ratios without reduction in biomass yield. Mature, field grown, intragenic sugarcane events displayed 52-76 % improved saccharification efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass compared to wild type (WT) controls. This demonstrates for the first time that an intragenic approach can add significant value to lignocellulosic feedstocks for biofuel and biochemical production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Je Hyeong Jung
- Agronomy Department, IFAS, University of Florida, PO Box 110500, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Baskaran Kannan
- Agronomy Department, IFAS, University of Florida, PO Box 110500, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Hugo Dermawan
- Agronomy Department, IFAS, University of Florida, PO Box 110500, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | | | - Fredy Altpeter
- Agronomy Department, IFAS, University of Florida, PO Box 110500, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, IFAS, University of Florida, PO Box 110300, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, PO Box 103610, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Park SH, Ong RG, Sticklen M. Strategies for the production of cell wall-deconstructing enzymes in lignocellulosic biomass and their utilization for biofuel production. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1329-44. [PMID: 26627868 PMCID: PMC5063159 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microbial cell wall-deconstructing enzymes are widely used in the food, wine, pulp and paper, textile, and detergent industries and will be heavily utilized by cellulosic biorefineries in the production of fuels and chemicals. Due to their ability to use freely available solar energy, genetically engineered bioenergy crops provide an attractive alternative to microbial bioreactors for the production of cell wall-deconstructing enzymes. This review article summarizes the efforts made within the last decade on the production of cell wall-deconstructing enzymes in planta for use in the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass. A number of strategies have been employed to increase enzyme yields and limit negative impacts on plant growth and development including targeting heterologous enzymes into specific subcellular compartments using signal peptides, using tissue-specific or inducible promoters to limit the expression of enzymes to certain portions of the plant or certain times, and fusion of amplification sequences upstream of the coding region to enhance expression. We also summarize methods that have been used to access and maintain activity of plant-generated enzymes when used in conjunction with thermochemical pretreatments for the production of lignocellulosic biofuels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyuck Park
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca Garlock Ong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Mariam Sticklen
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Palaniswamy H, Syamaladevi DP, Mohan C, Philip A, Petchiyappan A, Narayanan S. Vacuolar targeting of r-proteins in sugarcane leads to higher levels of purifiable commercially equivalent recombinant proteins in cane juice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:791-807. [PMID: 26183462 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane is an ideal candidate for biofarming applications because of its large biomass, rapid growth rate, efficient carbon fixation pathway and a well-developed storage tissue system. Vacuoles occupy a large proportion of the storage parenchyma cells in the sugarcane stem, and the stored products can be harvested as juice by crushing the cane. Hence, for the production of any high-value protein, it could be targeted to the lytic vacuoles so as to extract and purify the protein of interest from the juice. There is no consensus vacuolar-targeting sequence so far to target any heterologous proteins to sugarcane vacuole. Hence, in this study, we identified an N-terminal 78-bp-long putative vacuolar-targeting sequence from the N-terminal domain of unknown function (DUF) in Triticum aestivum 6-SFT (sucrose: fructan 6-fructosyl transferase). In this study, we have generated sugarcane transgenics with gene coding for the green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused with the vacuolar-targeting determinants at the N-terminal driven by a strong constitutive promoter (Port ubi882) and demonstrated the targeting of GFP to the vacuoles. In addition, we have also generated transgenics with His-tagged β-glucuronidase (GUS) and aprotinin targeted to the lytic vacuole, and these two proteins were isolated and purified from the transgenic sugarcane and compared with commercially available protein samples. Our studies have demonstrated that the novel vacuolar-targeting determinant could localize recombinant proteins (r-proteins) to the vacuole in high concentrations and such targeted r-proteins can be purified from the juice with a few simple steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Divya P Syamaladevi
- Sugarcane Breeding Institute (ICAR-SBI), Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
- Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR-IIRR), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Anna Philip
- Sugarcane Breeding Institute (ICAR-SBI), Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lambertz C, Garvey M, Klinger J, Heesel D, Klose H, Fischer R, Commandeur U. Challenges and advances in the heterologous expression of cellulolytic enzymes: a review. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:135. [PMID: 25356086 PMCID: PMC4212100 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Second generation biofuel development is increasingly reliant on the recombinant expression of cellulases. Designing or identifying successful expression systems is thus of preeminent importance to industrial progress in the field. Recombinant production of cellulases has been performed using a wide range of expression systems in bacteria, yeasts and plants. In a number of these systems, particularly when using bacteria and plants, significant challenges have been experienced in expressing full-length proteins or proteins at high yield. Further difficulties have been encountered in designing recombinant systems for surface-display of cellulases and for use in consolidated bioprocessing in bacteria and yeast. For establishing cellulase expression in plants, various strategies are utilized to overcome problems, such as the auto-hydrolysis of developing plant cell walls. In this review, we investigate the major challenges, as well as the major advances made to date in the recombinant expression of cellulases across the commonly used bacterial, plant and yeast systems. We review some of the critical aspects to be considered for industrial-scale cellulase production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Lambertz
- />Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Megan Garvey
- />Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- />Present address: School of Medicine, Deakin University, CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Rd, Newcomb, VIC 3219 Australia
| | - Johannes Klinger
- />Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dirk Heesel
- />Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Klose
- />Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- />Present address: Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- />Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- />Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Commandeur
- />Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|