1
|
Gao J, Zhao BR, Zhang H, You YL, Li F, Wang XW. Interferon functional analog activates antiviral Jak/Stat signaling through integrin in an arthropod. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109761. [PMID: 34592151 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila Vago is a small antiviral peptide. Its ortholog in Culex mosquito was found to be an interferon-like cytokine that limits virus replication through activating Jak/Stat signaling. However, this activation is independent of Domeless, the sole homolog of vertebrate type I cytokine receptor. How Vago activates the Jak/Stat pathway remains unknown. Herein, we report this process is dependent on integrin in kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus). Shrimp Vago-like (MjVago-L) plays an antiviral role by activating the Jak/Stat pathway and inducing Stat-regulated Ficolin. Blocking integrin abrogates the role of MjVago-L. The interaction between MjVago-L and integrin β3 is confirmed. An Asp residue in MjVago-L is found critical for the interaction and MjVago-L's antiviral role. Moreover, Fak, a key adaptor of integrin signaling, mediates MjVago-L-induced Jak/Stat activation. Therefore, this study reveals that integrin, as the receptor of MjVago-L, mediates Jak/Stat activation. The establishment of the MjVago-L/integrin/Fak/Jak/Stat/Ficolin axis provides insights into antiviral cytokine signaling in invertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bao-Rui Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yan-Lin You
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xian-Wei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carmona-Rodríguez L, Martínez-Rey D, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, González-Martín A, Paz-Cabezas M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez N, Pérez-Villamil B, Sáez ME, Díaz-Rubio E, Mira E, Mañes S. SOD3 induces a HIF-2α-dependent program in endothelial cells that provides a selective signal for tumor infiltration by T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000432. [PMID: 32591431 PMCID: PMC7319787 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), mainly CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), are linked to immune-mediated control of human cancers and response to immunotherapy. Tumors have nonetheless developed specific mechanisms that selectively restrict T cell entry into the tumor microenvironment. The extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is an anti-oxidant enzyme usually downregulated in tumors. We hypothesize that upregulation of SOD3 in the tumor microenvironment might be a mechanism to boost T cell infiltration by normalizing the tumor-associated endothelium. Results Here we show that SOD3 overexpression in endothelial cells increased in vitro transmigration of naïve and activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but not of myeloid cells. Perivascular expression of SOD3 also specifically increased CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cell infiltration into tumors and improved the effectiveness of adoptively transferred tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. SOD3-induced enhanced transmigration in vitro and tumor infiltration in vivo were not associated to upregulation of T cell chemokines such as CXCL9 or CXCL10, nor to changes in the levels of endothelial adhesion receptors such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Instead, SOD3 enhanced T cell infiltration via HIF-2α-dependent induction of specific WNT ligands in endothelial cells; this led to WNT signaling pathway activation in the endothelium, FOXM1 stabilization, and transcriptional induction of laminin-α4 (LAMA4), an endothelial basement membrane component permissive for T cell infiltration. In patients with stage II colorectal cancer, SOD3 was associated with increased CD8+ TIL density and disease-free survival. SOD3 expression was also linked to a T cell–inflamed gene signature using the COAD cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas program. Conclusion Our findings suggest that SOD3-induced upregulation of LAMA4 in endothelial cells boosts selective tumor infiltration by T lymphocytes, thus transforming immunologically “cold” into “hot” tumors. High SOD3 levels are associated with human colon cancer infiltration by CD8+ T cells, with potential consequences for the clinical outcome of these patients. Our results also uncover a cell type–specific, distinct activity of the WNT pathway for the regulation of T cell infiltration into tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Martínez-Rey
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Mateo Paz-Cabezas
- Genomics and Microarray Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Pérez-Villamil
- Genomics and Microarray Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Díaz-Rubio
- Clinical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Mira
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santos Mañes
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kaddour N, Zhang D, Gao ZH, Liu JL. Recombinant protein CCN5/WISP2 promotes islet cell proliferation and survival in vitro. Growth Factors 2019; 37:120-130. [PMID: 31437074 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2019.1652400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ß cell proliferation, survival and function are key elements that need to be considered in developing novel antidiabetic therapies. We recently identified CCN5/WISP2 to have potential growth promoting properties when overexpressed in ß cells; however, further investigations are needed to validate those properties. In this study, we demonstrated that exogenous treatment of insulinoma cells and primary islets with recombinant CCN5 (rh-CCN5) protein enhanced the proliferative capacity which was correlated with activation of cell-cycle regulators CDK4 and cyclin D1. Furthermore, pre-incubation of these cells with rh-CCN5 enhanced their survival rate after being exposed to harsh treatments such as streptozotocin and high concentrations of glucose and free fatty acids. CCN5 as well caused an upregulation in the expression of key genes associated with ß cell identity and function such as GLUT-2 and GCK. Finally, CCN5 activated FAK and downstream ERK kinases which are known to stimulate cell proliferation and survival. Hence, our results validate the growth promoting activities of rh-CCN5 in ß cells and open the door for further investigations in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Kaddour
- Frasers Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Di Zhang
- Frasers Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zu-Hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jun-Li Liu
- Frasers Laboratories for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brown BA, Connolly GM, Mill CEJ, Williams H, Angelini GD, Johnson JL, George SJ. Aging differentially modulates the Wnt pro-survival signalling pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12844. [PMID: 30548452 PMCID: PMC6351844 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported pro-survival effects of Wnt3a and Wnt5a proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Wnt5a achieved this through induction of Wnt1-inducible signalling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1) consequent to β-catenin/CREB-dependent, TCF-independent, signalling. However, we found that as atherosclerosis advances, although Wnt5a protein was increased, WISP-1 was reduced. We hypothesized this disconnect could be due to aging. In this study, we elucidate the mechanism underlying Wnt3a pro-survival signalling and demonstrate the differential effect of age on Wnt3a- and Wnt5a-mediated survival. We show Wnt3a protein was expressed in human atherosclerotic coronary arteries and co-located with macrophages and VSMCs. Meanwhile, Wnt3a stimulation of primary mouse VSMCs increased β-catenin nuclear translocation and TCF, but not CREB, activation. Wnt3a increased mRNA expression of the pro-survival factor WISP-2 in a TCF-dependent manner. Functionally, β-catenin/TCF inhibition or WISP-2 neutralization significantly impaired Wnt3a-mediated VSMC survival. WISP-2 was upregulated in human atherosclerosis and partly co-localized with Wnt3a. The pro-survival action of Wnt3a was effective in VSMCs from young (2 month) and old (18-20 month) mice, whereas Wnt5a-mediated rescue was impaired with age. Further investigation revealed that although Wnt5a induced β-catenin nuclear translocation in VSMCs from both ages, CREB phosphorylation and WISP-1 upregulation did not occur in old VSMCs. Unlike Wnt5a, pro-survival Wnt3a signalling involves β-catenin/TCF and WISP-2. While Wnt3a-mediated survival was unchanged with age, Wnt5a-mediated survival was lost due to impaired CREB activation and WISP-1 regulation. Greater understanding of the effect of age on Wnt signalling may identify targets to promote VSMC survival in elderly patients with atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bethan A. Brown
- Bristol Medical School University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary Bristol UK
| | - Georgia M. Connolly
- Bristol Medical School University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary Bristol UK
| | - Carina E. J. Mill
- Bristol Medical School University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary Bristol UK
| | - Helen Williams
- Bristol Medical School University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary Bristol UK
| | - Gianni D. Angelini
- Bristol Medical School University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary Bristol UK
| | - Jason L. Johnson
- Bristol Medical School University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary Bristol UK
| | - Sarah J. George
- Bristol Medical School University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary Bristol UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Grünberg JR, Elvin J, Paul A, Hedjazifar S, Hammarstedt A, Smith U. CCN5/WISP2 and metabolic diseases. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:309-318. [PMID: 29247377 PMCID: PMC5842198 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes increase worldwide at an epidemic rate. It is expected that by the year 2030 around 500 million people will have diabetes; predominantly type 2 diabetes. The CCN family of proteins has become of interest in both metabolic and other common human diseases because of their effects on mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) proliferation and differentiation as well as being important regulators of fibrosis. We here review current knowledge of the WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2 (CCN5/WISP2). It has been shown to be an important regulator of both these processes through effects on both the canonical WNT and the TGFβ pathways. It is also under normal regulation by the adipogenic commitment factor BMP4, in contrast to conventional canonical WNT ligands, and allows MSCs to undergo normal adipose cell differentiation. CCN5/WISP2 is highly expressed in, and secreted by, MSCs and is an important regulator of MSCs growth. In a transgenic mouse model overexpressing CCN5/WISP2 in the adipose tissue, we have shown that it is secreted and circulating in the blood, the mice develop hypercellular white and brown adipose tissue, have increased lean body mass and enlarged hypercellular hearts. Obese transgenic mice had improved insulin sensitivity. Interestingly, the anti-fibrotic effect of CCN5/WISP2 is protective against heart failure by inhibition of the TGFβ pathway. Understanding how CCN5/WISP2 is regulated and signals is important and may be useful for developing new treatment strategies in obesity and metabolic diseases and it can also be a target in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R Grünberg
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Johannes Elvin
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Paul
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shahram Hedjazifar
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann Hammarstedt
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Smith
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cell surface receptors for CCN proteins. J Cell Commun Signal 2016; 10:121-7. [PMID: 27098435 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-016-0324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The CCN family (CYR61; CTGF; NOV; CCN1-6; WISP1-3) of matricellular proteins in mammals is comprised of six homologous members that play important roles in development, inflammation, tissue repair, and a broad range of pathological processes including fibrosis and cancer. Despite considerable effort to search for a high affinity CCN-specific receptor akin to growth factor receptors, no such receptor has been found. Rather, CCNs bind several groups of multi-ligand receptors as characteristic of other matricellular proteins. The most extensively documented among CCN-binding receptors are integrins, including αvβ3, αvβ5, α5β1, α6β1, αIIbβ3, αMβ2, and αDβ2, which mediate diverse CCN functions in various cell types. CCNs also bind cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), low density liproprotein receptor-related proteins (LRPs), and the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) receptor, which are endocytic receptors that may also serve as co-receptors in cooperation with other cell surface receptors. CCNs have also been reported to bind FGFR-2, Notch, RANK, and TrkA, potentially altering the affinities of these receptors for their ligands. The ability of CCNs to bind a multitude of receptors in various cell types may account for the remarkable versatility of their functions, and underscore the diverse signaling pathways that mediate their activities.
Collapse
|
7
|
Malik AR, Liszewska E, Jaworski J. Matricellular proteins of the Cyr61/CTGF/NOV (CCN) family and the nervous system. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:237. [PMID: 26157362 PMCID: PMC4478388 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are secreted proteins that exist at the border of cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, instead of playing a role in structural integrity of the ECM, these proteins, that act as modulators of various surface receptors, have a regulatory function and instruct a multitude of cellular responses. Among matricellular proteins are members of the Cyr61/CTGF/NOV (CCN) protein family. These proteins exert their activity by binding directly to integrins and heparan sulfate proteoglycans and activating multiple intracellular signaling pathways. CCN proteins also influence the activity of growth factors and cytokines and integrate their activity with integrin signaling. At the cellular level, CCN proteins regulate gene expression and cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, senescence, adhesion, and migration. To date, CCN proteins have been extensively studied in the context of osteo- and chondrogenesis, angiogenesis, and carcinogenesis, but the expression of these proteins is also observed in a variety of tissues. The role of CCN proteins in the nervous system has not been systematically studied or described. Thus, the major aim of this review is to introduce the CCN protein family to the neuroscience community. We first discuss the structure, interactions, and cellular functions of CCN proteins and then provide a detailed review of the available data on the neuronal expression and contribution of CCN proteins to nervous system development, function, and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Malik
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Liszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|