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Luan J, Zhang D, Liu B, Yang A, Lv K, Hu P, Yu H, Shmuel A, Zhang C, Ma G. Immune-related lncRNAs signature and radiomics signature predict the prognosis and immune microenvironment of glioblastoma multiforme. J Transl Med 2024; 22:107. [PMID: 38279111 PMCID: PMC10821572 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. This study aimed to construct immune-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) signature and radiomics signature to probe the prognosis and immune infiltration of GBM patients. METHODS We downloaded GBM RNA-seq data and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project database, and MRI data were obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). Then, we conducted a cox regression analysis to establish the immune-related lncRNAs signature and radiomics signature. Afterward, we employed a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to explore the biological processes and pathways. Besides, we used CIBERSORT to estimate the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs). Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between the immune-related lncRNAs signature, radiomics signature and immune checkpoint genes. Finally, we constructed a multifactors prognostic model and compared it with the clinical prognostic model. RESULTS We identified four immune-related lncRNAs and two radiomics features, which show the ability to stratify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups with significantly different survival rates. The risk score curves and Kaplan-Meier curves confirmed that the immune-related lncRNAs signature and radiomics signature were a novel independent prognostic factor in GBM patients. The GSEA suggested that the immune-related lncRNAs signature were involved in L1 cell adhesion molecular (L1CAM) interactions and the radiomics signature were involved signaling by Robo receptors. Besides, the two signatures was associated with the infiltration of immune cells. Furthermore, they were linked with the expression of critical immune genes and could predict immunotherapy's clinical response. Finally, the area under the curve (AUC) (0.890,0.887) and C-index (0.737,0.817) of the multifactors prognostic model were greater than those of the clinical prognostic model in both the training and validation sets, indicated significantly improved discrimination. CONCLUSIONS We identified the immune-related lncRNAs signature and tradiomics signature that can predict the outcomes, immune cell infiltration, and immunotherapy response in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Luan
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Aocai Yang
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kuan Lv
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pianpian Hu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Amir Shmuel
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chuanchen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Liaocheng, Shandong, China.
| | - Guolin Ma
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Fujiwara K, Tsuji AB, Sudo H, Sugyo A, Hamakubo T, Higashi T. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib enhances the efficacy of 90 Y-labeled B5209B radioimmunotherapy targeting ROBO1 without increased toxicity in small-cell lung cancer xenograft mice. Nucl Med Commun 2024; 45:68-76. [PMID: 37728607 PMCID: PMC10718214 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has a poor prognosis, and Roundabout homolog 1 (ROBO1) is frequently expressed in SCLC. ROBO1-targeted radioimmunotherapy (RIT) previously showed tumor shrinkage, but regrowth with fibroblast infiltration was observed. The fibroblasts would support tumor survival by secreting growth factors and cytokines. Inhibition of fibroblasts offers a candidate strategy for increasing RIT efficacy. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of combination therapy with 90 Y-labeled anti-ROBO1 antibody B5209B ( 90 Y-B5209B) and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib in SCLC xenograft mice. METHODS Subcutaneous NCI-H69 SCLC xenograft mice were divided into four groups: saline, nintedanib alone, RIT alone, and a combination of RIT with nintedanib (combination). A single dose of 7.4 MBq of 90 Y-B5209B was injected intravenously. Nintedanib was orally administered at a dose of 400 µg five times a week for 4 weeks. Tumor volumes and body weights were measured regularly. Tumor sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin or Masson trichrome. RESULTS All six tumors in the combination therapy group disappeared, and four tumors showed no regrowth. Although RIT alone induced similar tumor shrinkage, regrowth was observed. Prolonged survival in the combination therapy group was found compared with the other groups. Temporary body weight loss was observed in RIT and combination therapy. There is no difference in fibroblast infiltration between RIT alone and the combination. CONCLUSION Nintedanib significantly enhanced the anti-tumor effects of RIT with the 90 Y-B5209B without an increase in toxicity. These findings encourage further research into the potential clinical application of combining RIT with nintedanib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Fujiwara
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, iQMS, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba
| | - Atsushi B. Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, iQMS, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba
| | - Hitomi Sudo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, iQMS, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba
| | - Aya Sugyo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, iQMS, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Protein-protein Interaction Research, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School and
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, iQMS, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba
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Calaf GM, Roy D, Jara L, Aguayo F, Crispin LA. Gene Signature Associated with Nervous System in an Experimental Radiation- and Estrogen-Induced Breast Cancer Model. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3111. [PMID: 38137332 PMCID: PMC10740914 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is frequently the most diagnosed female cancer in the world. The experimental studies on cancer seldom focus on the relationship between the central nervous system and cancer. Despite extensive research into the treatment of breast cancer, chemotherapy resistance is an important issue limiting the efficacy of treatment. Novel biomarkers to predict prognosis or sensitivity to chemotherapy are urgently needed. This study examined nervous-system-related genes. The profiling of differentially expressed genes indicated that high-LET radiation, such as that emitted by radon progeny, in the presence of estrogen, induced a cascade of events indicative of tumorigenicity in human breast epithelial cells. Bioinformatic tools allowed us to analyze the genes involved in breast cancer and associated with the nervous system. The results indicated that the gene expression of the Ephrin A1 gene (EFNA1), the roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1), and the kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) was greater in T2 and A5 than in the A3 cell line; the LIM domain kinase 2 gene (LIMK2) was greater in T2 than A3 and A5; the kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7), the neuroligin 4 X-linked gene (NLGN4X), and myelin basic protein (MBP) were greater than A3 only in T2; and the neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 9 gene (NEDD9) was greater in A5 than in the A3 and E cell lines. Concerning the correlation, it was found a positive correlation between ESR1 and EFNA1 in BRCA-LumA patients; with ROBO1 in BRCA-Basal patients, but this correlation was negative with the kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) in BRCA-LumA and -LumB, as well as with LIMK2 and ROBO1 in all BRCA. It was also positive with neuroligin 4 X-linked (NLGN4X) in BRCA-Her2 and BRCA-LumB, and with MBP in BRCA-LumA and -LumB, but negative with KLK7 in all BRCA and BRCA-LumA and NEDD9 in BRCA-Her2. The differential gene expression levels between the tumor and adjacent tissue indicated that the ROBO1, KLK6, LIMK2, KLK7, NLGN4X, MBP, and NEDD9 gene expression levels were higher in normal tissues than in tumors; however, EFNA1 was higher in the tumor than the normal ones. EFNA1, LIMK2, ROBO1, KLK6, KLK7, and MBP gene expression had a negative ER status, whereas NEDD9 and NLGN4X were not significant concerning ER status. In conclusion, important markers have been analyzed concerning genes related to the nervous system, opening up a new avenue of studies in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M. Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile;
| | - Debasish Roy
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hostos College of the City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10451, USA;
| | - Lilian Jara
- Laboratorio de Genética Humana, Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Francisco Aguayo
- Laboratorio de Oncovirología, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Leodan A. Crispin
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile;
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Wu S, Tang T, Zhou H, Huang J, Kang X, Zhang J. LINC01343 targets miR-526b-5p to facilitate the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by upregulating ROBO1. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17282. [PMID: 37828032 PMCID: PMC10570363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and development. However, the function and molecular mechanisms of action of LINC01343 in HCC remain unclear. qRT-PCR and western blotting were performed to assess miR-526b-5p, LINC01343, and ROBO1 levels in HCC cell lines and tissue samples. Flow cytometry, transwell, and cell counting kit-8 assays were conducted in vitro to assess how LINC01343 influences the apoptosis, migration, and proliferation of HCC cells. In addition, the role of LINC01343 in the growth of tumors was verified using an in vivo xenograft tumor assay. Specific binding of miR-526b-5p to LINC01343/ROBO1 was validated using RNA immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter experiments. LINC01343 was upregulated in HCC cells and tissues. In vitro, LINC01343-knockdown Hep3B and Huh-7 cells exhibited enhanced apoptosis and suppressed proliferation and migration. An in vivo study further validated that LINC01343-knockdown repressed tumor growth. In terms of mechanisms, LINC01343 directly sponged miR-526b-5p, negatively modulating its expression. Moreover, further experiments revealed that inhibiting miR-526b-5p could counteract the tumor-suppressive effects of LINC01343-knockdown in Hep3B and Huh-7 cells. ROBO1 was identified as a direct target of miR-526b-5p. ROBO1 knockdown weakens the migratory and proliferative abilities of Hep3B and Huh-7 cells. Nonetheless, the inhibition of miR-526b-5p mitigated this effect. These findings revealed that LINC01343 serves as a vital oncogene in HCC. Moreover, the LINC01343/miR-526b-5p/ROBO1 axis may be a prospective target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongchi Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Kang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No. 278, Baoguang Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China.
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Antibody Profiling and In Silico Functional Analysis of Differentially Reactive Antibody Signatures of Glioblastomas and Meningiomas. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021411. [PMID: 36674927 PMCID: PMC9866115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on tumor-associated antigens in brain tumors are sparse. There is scope for enhancing our understanding of molecular pathology, in order to improve on existing forms, and discover new forms, of treatment, which could be particularly relevant to immuno-oncological strategies. To elucidate immunological differences, and to provide another level of biological information, we performed antibody profiling, based on a high-density protein array (containing 8173 human transcripts), using IgG isolated from the sera of n = 12 preoperative and n = 16 postoperative glioblastomas, n = 26 preoperative and n = 29 postoperative meningiomas, and n = 27 healthy, cancer-free controls. Differentially reactive antigens were compared to gene expression data from an alternate public GBM data set from OncoDB, and were analyzed using the Reactome pathway browser. Protein array analysis identified approximately 350-800 differentially reactive antigens, and revealed different antigen profiles in the glioblastomas and meningiomas, with approximately 20-30%-similar and 10-15%-similar antigens in preoperative and postoperative sera, respectively. Seroreactivity did not correlate with OncoDB-derived gene expression. Antigens in the preoperative glioblastoma sera were enriched for signaling pathways, such as signaling by Rho-GTPases, COPI-mediated anterograde transport and vesicle-mediated transport, while the infectious disease, SRP-dependent membrane targeting cotranslational proteins were enriched in the meningiomas. The pre-vs. postoperative seroreactivity in the glioblastomas was enriched for antigens, e.g., platelet degranulation and metabolism of lipid pathways; in the meningiomas, the antigens were enriched in infectious diseases, metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, and cell cycle. Antibody profiling in both tumor entities elucidated several hundred antigens and characteristic signaling pathways that may provide new insights into molecular pathology and may be of interest for the development of new treatment strategies.
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Yin T, Zhao H. miR-152-3p impedes the malignant phenotypes of hepatocellular carcinoma by repressing roundabout guidance receptor 1. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:22. [PMID: 35236289 PMCID: PMC8903719 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-152-3p functions as a tumour suppressor in the progression of hepatic tumorigenesis. Herein, we further discussed the prognostic significance and immune infiltration of miR-152-3p and its potential gene target in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Integrative Molecular Database of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCCDB), Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases were used to evaluate miR-152-3p and roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1) expression, prognosis and immune infiltration. In vitro cell experiments, including cell proliferation and apoptosis, were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) and terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labelling (TUNEL) assays. RESULTS Up-regulation of ROBO1 functioned as an oncogene associated with poor prognosis, immune cell enrichment and cell proliferation in HCC. ROBO1 was significantly positively correlated with the enrichment of multiple immune cells and their biomarkers. Enrichment of type-2 T-helper (Th2) cells is an unfavourable biomarker of HCC prognosis. GSEA revealed that ROBO1 correlated with apoptosis, mitosis and carcinogenic signalling pathways. Suppression of cell proliferation and the enhancement of cell apoptosis by miR-152-3p mimics were counteracted by overexpression of ROBO1 in HCC cells. CONCLUSION ROBO1 expression is positively correlated with multiple immune checkpoint molecules, suggesting that ROBO1 may be a potential drug target to enhance the potency of immunotherapy. The miR-152-3p/ROBO1 signalling axis contributes to malignant progression and provides a prospective immunotherapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, No. 42 Wangfu Street, Songshan, Chifeng, 024005, China.
| | - Haonan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, No. 42 Wangfu Street, Songshan, Chifeng, 024005, China
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Uddin MS, Mamun AA, Alghamdi BS, Tewari D, Jeandet P, Sarwar MS, Ashraf GM. Epigenetics of glioblastoma multiforme: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic approaches. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:100-120. [PMID: 33370605 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common form of brain cancer and one of the most aggressive cancers found in humans. Most of the signs and symptoms of GBM can be mild and slowly aggravated, although other symptoms might demonstrate it as an acute ailment. However, the precise mechanisms of the development of GBM remain unknown. Due to the improvement of molecular pathology, current researches have reported that glioma progression is strongly connected with different types of epigenetic phenomena, such as histone modifications, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, and aberrant microRNA. Furthermore, the genes and the proteins that control these alterations have become novel targets for treating glioma because of the reversibility of epigenetic modifications. In some cases, gene mutations including P16, TP53, and EGFR, have been observed in GBM. In contrast, monosomies, including removals of chromosome 10, particularly q23 and q25-26, are considered the standard markers for determining the development and aggressiveness of GBM. Recently, amid the epigenetic therapies, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors have been used for treating tumors, either single or combined. Specifically, HDACIs are served as a good choice and deliver a novel pathway to treat GBM. In this review, we focus on the epigenetics of GBM and the consequence of its mutations. We also highlight various treatment approaches, namely gene editing, epigenetic drugs, and microRNAs to combat GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Fujiwara K, Koyama K, Tsuji AB, Iwanari H, Kusano-Arai O, Higashi T, Momose T, Hamakubo T. Single-Dose Cisplatin Pre-Treatment Enhances Efficacy of ROBO1-Targeted Radioimmunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207728. [PMID: 33086574 PMCID: PMC7589062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that radioimmunotherapy (RIT) using 90Y-labeled anti-ROBO1 IgG (90Y-B5209B) achieved significant anti-tumor effects against small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) xenografts. However, subsequent tumor regrowth suggested the necessity for more effective therapy. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of combination 90Y-B5209B and cisplatin therapy in NCI-H69 SCLC xenograft mice. Mice were divided into four therapeutic groups: saline, cisplatin only, RIT only, or combination therapy. Either saline or cisplatin was administered by injection one day prior to the administration of either saline or 90Y-B5209B. Tumor volume, body weight, and blood cell counts were monitored. The pathological analysis was performed on day seven post injection of 90Y-B5209B. The survival duration of the combination therapy group was significantly longer than that of the group treated with RIT alone. No significant survival benefit was observed following the isolated administration of cisplatin (relative to saline). Pathological changes following combination therapy were more significant than those following the isolated administration of RIT. Although combination therapy was associated with an increase of several adverse effects such as weight loss and pancytopenia, these were transient. Thus, cisplatin pre-treatment can potentially enhance the efficacy of 90Y-B5209B, making it a promising therapeutic strategy for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Fujiwara
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-NIRS), Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (K.F.); (A.B.T.); (T.H.)
| | - Keitaro Koyama
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba 286-8686, Japan; (K.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Atsushi B. Tsuji
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-NIRS), Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (K.F.); (A.B.T.); (T.H.)
| | - Hiroko Iwanari
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; (H.I.); (O.K.-A.)
| | - Osamu Kusano-Arai
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; (H.I.); (O.K.-A.)
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-NIRS), Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (K.F.); (A.B.T.); (T.H.)
| | - Toshimitsu Momose
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba 286-8686, Japan; (K.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; (H.I.); (O.K.-A.)
- Department of Protein-protein Interaction Research, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Kanagawa 211-8533, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-044-733-1825
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Huang Y, Xie Y, Abel PW, Wei P, Plowman J, Toews ML, Strah H, Siddique A, Bailey KL, Tu Y. TGF-β1-induced miR-424 promotes pulmonary myofibroblast differentiation by targeting Slit2 protein expression. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114172. [PMID: 32712053 PMCID: PMC8742596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating interstitial lung disease with irreversible loss of lung tissue and function. Myofibroblasts in the lung are key cellular mediators of IPF progression. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, a major profibrogenic cytokine, induces pulmonary myofibroblast differentiation, and emerging evidence has established the importance of microRNAs (miRs) in the development of IPF. The objective of this study was to define the pro-fibrotic roles and mechanisms of miRs in TGF-β1-induced pulmonary myofibroblast differentiation. Using RNA sequencing, we identified miR-424 as an important TGF-β1-induced miR in human lung fibroblasts (HLFs). Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed that miR-424 expression was increased by 2.6-fold in HLFs in response to TGF-β1 and was 1.7-fold higher in human fibrotic lung tissues as compared to non-fibrotic lung tissues. TGF-β1-induced upregulation of miR-424 was blocked by the Smad3 inhibitor SIS3, suggesting the involvement of this canonical TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Transfection of a miR-424 hairpin inhibitor into HLFs reduced TGF-β1-induced expression of classic myofibroblast differentiation markers including ɑ-smooth muscle actin (ɑ-SMA) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), whereas a miR-424 mimic significantly enhanced TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation. In addition, TGF-β1 induced Smad3 phosphorylation in HLFs, and this response was reduced by the miR-424 inhibitor. In silico analysis identified Slit2, a protein that inhibits TGF-β1 profibrogenic signaling, as a putative target of regulation by miR-424. Slit2 is less highly expressed in human fibrotic lung tissues than in non-fibrotic lung tissues, and knockdown of Slit2 by its siRNA enhanced TGF-β1-induced HLF differentiation. Overexpression of a miR-424 mimic down-regulated expression of Slit2 but not the Slit2 major receptor ROBO1 in HLFs. Luciferase reporter assays showed that the miR-424 mimic represses Slit2 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) reporter activity, and mutations at the seeding regions in the 3'-UTR of Slit2 abolish this inhibition. Together, these data demonstrate a pro-fibrotic role of miR-424 in TGF-β1-induced HLF differentiation. It functions as a positive feed-back regulator of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway by reducing expression of the negative regulator Slit2. Thus, targeting miR-424 may provide a new therapeutic strategy to prevent myofibroblast differentiation and IPF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Peter W Abel
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Jocelyn Plowman
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Myron L Toews
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Heather Strah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Critical Care, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Aleem Siddique
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kristina L Bailey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Critical Care, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Yaping Tu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
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10
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Sherchan P, Travis ZD, Tang J, Zhang JH. The potential of Slit2 as a therapeutic target for central nervous system disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:805-818. [PMID: 32378435 PMCID: PMC7529836 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1766445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Slit2 is an extracellular matrix protein that regulates migration of developing axons during central nervous system (CNS) development. Roundabout (Robo) receptors expressed by various cell types in the CNS, mediate intracellular signal transduction pathways for Slit2. Recent studies indicate that Slit2 plays important protective roles in a myriad of processes such as cell migration, immune response, vascular permeability, and angiogenesis in CNS pathologies. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the diverse functions of Slit2 in CNS disorders and discusses the potential of Slit2 as a therapeutic target. We reviewed preclinical studies reporting the role of Slit2 in various CNS disease models, transgenic animal research, and rodent models that utilized Slit2 as a therapy. Expert opinion: Slit2 exerts a wide array of beneficial effects ranging from anti-migration, blood-brain barrier (BBB) protection, inhibition of peripheral immune cell infiltration, and anti-apoptosis in various disease models. However, a dual role of Slit2 in endothelial permeability has been observed in transgenic animals. Further research on Slit2 will be crucial including key issues such as effects of transgenic overexpression versus exogenous Slit2, function of Slit2 dependent on cellular expression of Robo receptors and the underlying pathology for potential clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prativa Sherchan
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Zachary D. Travis
- Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA and Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - John H. Zhang
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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11
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Murtaza M, Chacko A, Delbaz A, Reshamwala R, Rayfield A, McMonagle B, St John JA, Ekberg JAK. Why are olfactory ensheathing cell tumors so rare? Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:260. [PMID: 31632194 PMCID: PMC6788004 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0989-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The glial cells of the primary olfactory nervous system, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), are unusual in that they rarely form tumors. Only 11 cases, all of which were benign, have been reported to date. In fact, the existence of OEC tumors has been debated as the tumors closely resemble schwannomas (Schwann cell tumors), and there is no definite method for distinguishing the two tumor types. OEC transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for nervous system injuries, and the fact that OECs are not prone to tumorigenesis is therefore vital. However, why OECs are so resistant to neoplastic transformation remains unknown. The primary olfactory nervous system is a highly dynamic region which continuously undergoes regeneration and neurogenesis throughout life. OECs have key roles in this process, providing structural and neurotrophic support as well as phagocytosing the axonal debris resulting from turnover of neurons. The olfactory mucosa and underlying tissue is also frequently exposed to infectious agents, and OECs have key innate immune roles preventing microbes from invading the central nervous system. It is possible that the unique biological functions of OECs, as well as the dynamic nature of the primary olfactory nervous system, relate to the low incidence of OEC tumors. Here, we summarize the known case reports of OEC tumors, discuss the difficulties of correctly diagnosing them, and examine the possible reasons for their rare incidence. Understanding why OECs rarely form tumors may open avenues for new strategies to combat tumorigenesis in other regions of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyam Murtaza
- 1Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111 Australia.,2Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia.,3Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111 Australia
| | - Anu Chacko
- 1Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111 Australia.,2Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia.,3Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111 Australia
| | - Ali Delbaz
- 1Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111 Australia.,2Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia.,3Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111 Australia
| | - Ronak Reshamwala
- 1Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111 Australia.,2Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia.,3Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111 Australia
| | - Andrew Rayfield
- 1Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111 Australia.,2Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia.,3Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111 Australia
| | - Brent McMonagle
- 4Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gold Coast University Hospital, 1 Hospital Boulevard, Southport, QLD 4215 Australia
| | - James A St John
- 1Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111 Australia.,2Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia.,3Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111 Australia
| | - Jenny A K Ekberg
- 1Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111 Australia.,2Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia.,3Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111 Australia
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12
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Zarco N, Norton E, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Guerrero-Cázares H. Overlapping migratory mechanisms between neural progenitor cells and brain tumor stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3553-3570. [PMID: 31101934 PMCID: PMC6698208 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells present in the subventricular zone (SVZ), the largest neurogenic niche of the mammalian brain, are able to self-renew as well as generate neural progenitor cells (NPCs). NPCs are highly migratory and traverse the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb, where they terminally differentiate into mature interneurons. NPCs from the SVZ are some of the few cells in the CNS that migrate long distances during adulthood. The migratory process of NPCs is highly regulated by intracellular pathway activation and signaling from the surrounding microenvironment. It involves modulation of cell volume, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and isolation from compact extracellular matrix. In malignant brain tumors including high-grade gliomas, there are cells called brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) with similar stem cell characteristics to NPCs but with uncontrolled cell proliferation and contribute to tumor initiation capacity, tumor progression, invasion, and tumor maintenance. These BTSCs are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and their presence is believed to lead to tumor recurrence at distal sites from the original tumor location, principally due to their high migratory capacity. BTSCs are able to invade the brain parenchyma by utilizing many of the migratory mechanisms used by NPCs. However, they have an increased ability to infiltrate the tight brain parenchyma and utilize brain structures such as myelin tracts and blood vessels as migratory paths. In this article, we summarize recent findings on the mechanisms of cellular migration that overlap between NPCs and BTSCs. A better understanding of the intersection between NPCs and BTSCs will to provide a better comprehension of the BTSCs' invasive capacity and the molecular mechanisms that govern their migration and eventually lead to the development of new therapies to improve the prognosis of patients with malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanael Zarco
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Emily Norton
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Hugo Guerrero-Cázares
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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13
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Zang L, Kondengaden SM, Che F, Wang L, Heng X. Potential Epigenetic-Based Therapeutic Targets for Glioma. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:408. [PMID: 30498431 PMCID: PMC6249994 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is characterized by a high recurrence rate, short survival times, high rates of mortality and treatment difficulties. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation (RT) are the standard treatments, but outcomes rarely improve even after treatment. With the advancement of molecular pathology, recent studies have found that the development of glioma is closely related to various epigenetic phenomena, including DNA methylation, abnormal microRNA (miRNA), chromatin remodeling and histone modifications. Owing to the reversibility of epigenetic modifications, the proteins and genes that regulate these changes have become new targets in the treatment of glioma. In this review, we present a summary of the potential therapeutic targets of glioma and related effective treating drugs from the four aspects mentioned above. We further illustrate how epigenetic mechanisms dynamically regulate the pathogenesis and discuss the challenges of glioma treatment. Currently, among the epigenetic treatments, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) can be used for the treatment of tumors, either individually or in combination. In the treatment of glioma, only HDACIs remain a good option and they provide new directions for the treatment. Due to the complicated pathogenesis of glioma, epigenetic applications to glioma clinical treatment are still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Zang
- Central Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shukkoor Muhammed Kondengaden
- Chemistry Department and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Fengyuan Che
- Central Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China.,Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Central Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China
| | - Xueyuan Heng
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, China
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14
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Isolation of putative stem cells present in human adult olfactory mucosa. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181151. [PMID: 28719644 PMCID: PMC5515430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The olfactory mucosa (OM) has the unique characteristic of performing an almost continuous and lifelong neurogenesis in response to external injuries, due to the presence of olfactory stem cells that guarantee the maintenance of the olfactory function. The easy accessibility of the OM in humans makes these stem cells feasible candidates for the development of regenerative therapies. In this report we present a detailed characterization of a patient-derived OM, together with a description of cell cultures obtained from the OM. In addition, we present a method for the enrichment and isolation of OM stem cells that might be used for future translational studies dealing with neuronal plasticity, neuro-regeneration or disease modeling.
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15
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Gong W, Zheng J, Liu X, Liu Y, Guo J, Gao Y, Tao W, Chen J, Li Z, Ma J, Xue Y. Knockdown of Long Non-Coding RNA KCNQ1OT1 Restrained Glioma Cells' Malignancy by Activating miR-370/CCNE2 Axis. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:84. [PMID: 28381990 PMCID: PMC5360732 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has highlighted the potential role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in solid tumors. Here, we elucidated the function and possible molecular mechanisms of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in human glioma U87 and U251 cells. Quantitative Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) demonstrated that KCNQ1OT1 expression was up-regulated in glioma tissues and cells. Knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 exerted tumor-suppressive function in glioma cells. Moreover, a binding region was confirmed between KCNQ1OT1 and miR-370 by dual-luciferase assays. qRT-PCR showed that miR-370 was down-regulated in human glioma tissue and cells. In addition, restoration of miR-370 exerted tumor-suppressive function via inhibiting cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while promoting the apoptosis of human glioma cells. Knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 decreased the expression level of Cyclin E2 (CCNE2) by binding to miR-370. Further, miR-370 bound to CCNE2 3′UTR region and decreased the expression of CCNE2. These results provided a comprehensive analysis of KCNQ1OT1-miR-370-CCNE2 axis in human glioma cells and might provide a novel strategy for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gong
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System DiseaseShenyang, China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System DiseaseShenyang, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System DiseaseShenyang, China
| | - Junqing Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Yana Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Wei Tao
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Zhiqing Li
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
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16
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Slit2 ameliorates renal inflammation and fibrosis after hypoxia-and lipopolysaccharide-induced epithelial cells injury in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2017; 352:123-129. [PMID: 28163057 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic acute kidney injury (AKI) is often incompletely repaired and leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is characterized by tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The Slit2 family of secreted glycoproteins is expressed in the kidney, it has been shown to exert an anti-inflammatory activity and prevent ischemic renal injury in vivo. However, whether Slit2 reduces renal fibrosis and inflammation after hypoxic and inflammatory epithelial cells injury in vitro remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether Slit2 ameliorated fibrosis and inflammation in two renal epithelial cells line challenged with hypoxia and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Renal epithelial cells were treated with hypoxia and LPS to induce cell injury. Hoechst staining and Western blot analysis was conducted to examine epithelial cells injury. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tested the inflammatory factor interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and Western blot analysis determined the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Results revealed that hypoxia induced epithelial cells apoptosis, inflammatory factor IL-1β and TNF-α release and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. LPS could exacerbate hypoxia -induced epithelial cells apoptosis, IL-1β and TNF-α release and fibrosis. Slit2 reduced the expression of fibronectin, the rate of epithelial cell apoptosis, and the expression of inflammatory factor. Slit2 could also inhibit the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB, but not the expression of HIF-1α. Therefore, Slit2 attenuated inflammation and fibrosis after LPS- and hypoxia-induced epithelial cells injury via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, but not depending on the HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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17
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In silico analyses and global transcriptional profiling reveal novel putative targets for Pea3 transcription factor related to its function in neurons. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170585. [PMID: 28158215 PMCID: PMC5291419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pea3 transcription factor belongs to the PEA3 subfamily within the ETS domain transcription factor superfamily, and has been largely studied in relation to its role in breast cancer metastasis. Nonetheless, Pea3 plays a role not only in breast tumor, but also in other tissues with branching morphogenesis, including kidneys, blood vasculature, bronchi and the developing nervous system. Identification of Pea3 target promoters in these systems are important for a thorough understanding of how Pea3 functions. Present study particularly focuses on the identification of novel neuronal targets of Pea3 in a combinatorial approach, through curation, computational analysis and microarray studies in a neuronal model system, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We not only show that quite a number of genes in cancer, immune system and cell cycle pathways, among many others, are either up- or down-regulated by Pea3, but also identify novel targets including ephrins and ephrin receptors, semaphorins, cell adhesion molecules, as well as metalloproteases such as kallikreins, to be among potential target promoters in neuronal systems. Our overall results indicate that rather than early stages of neurite extension and axonal guidance, Pea3 is more involved in target identification and synaptic maturation.
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18
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Liu L, Li W, Geng S, Fang Y, Sun Z, Hu H, Liang Z, Yan Z. Slit2 and Robo1 expression as biomarkers for assessing prognosis in brain glioma patients. Surg Oncol 2016; 25:405-410. [PMID: 27916173 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to investigate the clinical significance of Slit2 and Robo1 expression in prognosis of patients with brain gliomas. METHODS Human brain tissue samples were collected from normal glial tissues (control), low- and high-grade glioma tissues. Slit2 and Robo1 expression levels in cells were assessed by an immunohistochemistry (IHC), and population of the Slit2- and Robo1-presenting patients was examined. The Slit2 and Robo1 mRNA expression levels in three types of the brain cells was determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS Slit2+ cell counts were decreased with increased Robo1+ cells in the low-grade and high-grade glioma tissues as compared to the control. The percentage of cells expressing Slit2 decreased from the control to the high-grade glioma and the percentage of cells expressing Robo1 in low- and high-grade gliomas was increased as compared to the control (P < 0.01). The decrease in the Slit2 mRNA expression was associated with the increase in the Robo1 mRNA expression in the low- and high-grade gliomas (P < 0.01 or 0.05). Survival time for patients with Slit2-/Robo1+ gliomas was shorter than patients with Slit2+/Robo1+ gliomas in the investigated cohorts (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Slit2 and Robo1 expression levels serve as a biomarker with utility in grading gliomas as well as predicting patient survival. The change in Slit2 expression is more reliable and effective than Robo1 expression in predicting a poor prognosis of brain glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Liu
- Neurosurgical Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China.
| | - Wenhua Li
- Neurosurgical Department, Dongying People's Hospital of Shandong Province, Dongying, Shandong, 257091, China
| | - Shaomei Geng
- Neurosurgical Department, Dongying People's Hospital of Shandong Province, Dongying, Shandong, 257091, China
| | - Yanwei Fang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Zhimin Sun
- Neurosurgical Department, Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, China
| | - Hongchao Hu
- Neurosurgical Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Zhaohui Liang
- Neurosurgical Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Zhongjie Yan
- Neurosurgical Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
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19
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Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee N, Dasgupta H, Islam MS, Alam N, Roy A, Das P, Roychoudhury S, Panda CK. Frequent alterations of SLIT2-ROBO1-CDC42 signalling pathway in breast cancer: clinicopathological correlation. J Genet 2016; 95:551-63. [PMID: 27659325 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to understand the role of SLIT2-ROBO1/2-CDC42 signalling pathways in development of breast cancer (BC). Primary BC samples (n = 150), comprising of almost equal proportion of four subtypes were tested for molecular alterations of SLIT2, ROBO1, ROBO2 and CDC42, the key regulator genes of this pathway. Deletion and methylation frequencies of the candidate genes were seen in the following order: deletion, SLIT2 (38.6%) > ROBO1 (30%) > ROBO2 (7.3%); methylation, SLIT2 (63.3%) > ROBO1 (26.6%) >ROBO2 (9.3%). Majority (80%, 120/150) of the tumours showed alterations (deletion/methylation) in at least one of the candidate genes. Overall, alterations of the candidate genes were as follows: SLIT2, 75.3% (101/150); ROBO1, 45.3% (68/150); ROBO2, 15.3% (23/150). Significantly, higher alteration of SLIT2 locus was observed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) over HER2 subtype (P = 0.0014). Similar trend is also seen in overall alterations of SLIT2 and/or ROBO1, in TNBC than HER2 subtype (P = 0.0012); of SLIT2 and/or ROBO2 in TNBC than luminal A (P = 0.014) and HER2 subtype (P = 0.048). Immunohistochemical analysis of SLIT2, ROBO1/2 showed reduced expression, concordant with their molecular alterations. Also, high expression of total CDC42 (49/52; 94.2%) and reduced expression of phospho Serine-71 CDC42 (41/52; 78.8%) was observed. Coalterations of SLIT2 and/or ROBO1, SLIT2 and/or ROBO2 had significant association with reduced expression of phospho Serine-71 CDC42 (P = 0.0012-0.0038). Alterations of SLIT2 and/or ROBO1, reduced expression of phospho Serine-71 CDC42 predicted poor survival of BC patients. Results indicate the importance of SLIT2-ROBO1-CDC42 signalling pathway in predicting tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rittwika Bhattacharya
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700 026,
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Yuan M, Guo H, Li J, Sui C, Qin Y, Wang J, Khan YH, Ye L, Xie F, Wang H, Yuan L, Ye J. Slit2 and Robo1 induce opposing effects on metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma Sk-hep-1 cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:305-15. [PMID: 27176045 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural guidance molecular, Slit2, and its cognate receptor, Robo1, play critical roles in the development of the nervous system, nevertheless, their functions are not limited to this system. Numerous studies have shown decreased Slit2 expression in a wide variety of cancers, highlighting its potential as a tumor suppressor. However, the Slit2/Robo1 signaling axis was reported to induce either suppressive or stimulatory effects on tumor growth and metastasis, depending on cellular context. There is a paucity of information on the effects of the Slit2/Robo1 signaling axis on the growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Large-scale data mining of the Oncomine database has revealed heterogeneous expression of Slit2 in HCC. We screened the Sk-hep-1, a cell line showing a relatively high level of Slit2, and low level of Robo1 expression. After Slit2 knockdown and Robo1 overexpression in these cells, we found Slit2 and Robo1 exerted opposing effects on tumor growth and metastasis both in in vitro and in vivo models. Slit2 knockdown and Robo1 overexpression in Sk-hep-1 cells promoted tumor growth and metastasis, suggesting a negative and positive role for Slit2 and Robo1, respectively, in tumor progression. Robo1 overexpression upregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, -9 and membrane-type1 MMP (MT1-MMP) expression, stimulated MMP2, but not MMP9 activation, and downregulated expression of TIMP1 and 2. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is of importance in regulating MMP2 expression in Sk-hep-1 cells, since Robo1 overexpression stimulated phosphorylation of Akt while the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, significantly inhibited the upregulation of MMP2 and also the enhanced cell invasion induced by Robo1 overexpression. We postulate that Robo1 promotes tumor invasion partly by the upregulation of MMP2 after activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Notably, Slit2 knockdown caused the upregulation of Robo1 expression both at the mRNA and protein levels. Thus, the stimulatory effects of Slit2 knockdown on tumor progression can be ascribed, at least in part, to the upregulation of Robo1 and its positive role in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Chengzhi Sui
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Ying Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Yasir Hayat Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Liying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Fuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
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Iwadate Y, Fukuda K, Matsutani T, Saeki N. Intrinsic protective mechanisms of the neuron-glia network against glioma invasion. J Clin Neurosci 2016; 26:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Expression, clinical significance and mechanism of Slit2 in papillary thyroid cancer. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2055-62. [PMID: 26935705 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine malignancy. The last decade has seen exciting progress in understanding thyroid cancer molecular pathogenesis. Several major signaling pathways and related molecular derangements have been elucidated, which represent novel diagnostic and prognostic molecular markers for thyroid cancer. Based on the molecular biology of thyroid cancer, a series of therapeutic targets have been developed, which provide unprecedented opportunities. Thus, histological characterization of subgroups of patients and the correct molecular characterization of patients are thought to be key aspects for future clinical management of these patients. In the present study, we identified Slit2 as a prognostic marker for thyroid cancer oncogenesis and recurrence. Mechanistically, Slit2 regulated Warburg effect in thyroid cancer cells through regulation of HIF1α and HIF1α transcriptional activity. Taken together, our present data uncovered Slit2 as a novel predictive marker for thyroid cancer. The mechanism study indicated that Slit2 regulated the Warburg effect. Additional study on the function of Slit2 in thyroid cancer is required to provide new insights into the potential mechanisms of oncogenesis and recurrence potential of thyroid cancer.
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Xu F, Wu LY, Chang CK, He Q, Zhang Z, Liu L, Shi WH, Guo J, Zhu Y, Zhao YS, Gu SC, Fei CM, Wu D, Zhou LY, Su JY, Song LX, Xiao C, Li X. Whole-exome and targeted sequencing identify ROBO1 and ROBO2 mutations as progression-related drivers in myelodysplastic syndromes. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8806. [PMID: 26608094 PMCID: PMC4674765 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive mechanism underlying myelodysplastic syndrome remains unknown. Here we identify ROBO1 and ROBO2 as novel progression-related somatic mutations using whole-exome and targeted sequencing in 6 of 16 (37.5%) paired MDS patients with disease progression. Further deep sequencing detects 20 (10.4%) patients with ROBO mutations in a cohort of 193 MDS patients. In addition, copy number loss and loss of heterogeneity (LOH) of ROBO1 and ROBO2 are frequently observed in patients with progression or carrying ROBO mutations. In in vitro experiments, overexpression of ROBO1 or ROBO2 produces anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in leukaemia cells. However, this effect was lost in ROBO mutants and ROBO-SLIT2 signalling is impaired. Multivariate analysis shows that ROBO mutations are independent factors for predicting poor survival. These findings demonstrate a novel contribution of ROBO mutations to the pathogenesis of MDS and highlight a key role for ROBO-SLIT2 signalling in MDS disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chun-Kang Chang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wen-Hui Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - You-Shan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shu-Cheng Gu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Fei
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Li-Yu Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ji-Ying Su
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lu-Xi Song
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chao Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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Jiang Y, Yin L, Jing H, Zhang H. MicroRNA-219-5p exerts tumor suppressor function by targeting ROBO1 in glioblastoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8943-51. [PMID: 26081620 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that miR-219-5p is dysregulated and exerts tumor-suppressive effects in cancer development and progression. However, the molecular function and mechanism of miR-219-5p in glioblastoma growth and invasion are still unclear. In the present study, we show that miR-219-5p was downregulated in a panel of glioma tissues with different grades and in all the human glioma cell lines examined. Ectopic expression of miR-219-5p inhibited proliferation and invasion and induced apoptosis in vitro, and xenograft formation in vivo. ROBO1 was found to be a direct target of miR-219-5p, and when overexpressed in miR-219-5p-expressing glioma cells, was able to restore proliferative and invasive ability. Finally, in vivo investigation confirmed that miR-219-5p was a tumor suppressor that regulated ROBO1 expression. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that miR-219-5p inhibited cancer cell growth and invasion by direct targeting ROBO1, implicating miR-219-5p as an attractive candidate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116027, China.
| | - Lin Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116027, China.
| | - Huirong Jing
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116027, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116027, China.
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Long Noncoding RNA MALAT-1 Can Predict Metastasis and a Poor Prognosis: a Meta-Analysis. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:1259-64. [PMID: 26159858 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elevated expression of MALAT-1 was found in various cancers, and correlated with metastasis and prognostic. This meta-analysis collected all relevant articles and explored correlation of MALAT-1 with lymph node metastasis (LNM), distant metastasis (DM), and overall survival (OS). A quantitative meta-analysis was performed through a systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, CNKI, CBM, and the Cochrane Library. The odds ratios (OR) of LNM and DM and hazard ratio (HR) of OS were calculated to assess the association strength. Eight studies with a total of 845 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Six different types of cancer were evaluated, with 2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 1 colorectal cancer (CRC), 1 gastric cancer (GC), 2 pancreatic cancer (PC), 1 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and 1 osteosarcoma (OSA). Compared with low MALAT-1 expression, high MALAT-1 expression correlated with more LNM (OR = 2.08, 95 %CI: 1.00-4.32, p = 0.05) by a random-effects model (I (2) = 71 %, p = 0.004). A similar result was seen between MALAT-1 expression and DM, the OR was 3.52 (95 %CI: 1.06-11.71, p = 0.04) adopting a random-effects model (I (2) = 59 %, p = 0.04). Additionally, our analysis showed a poorer OS in patients with high MALAT-1 expression than those with low MALAT-1 expression (HR = 2.12, 95 %CI: 1.60-2.82, p < 0.001) adopting a random-effects model (I (2) = 56 %, p = 0.04). MALAT-1 may serve as a molecular marker for cancer metastasis and prognosis.
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Fujiwara K, Koyama K, Suga K, Ikemura M, Saito Y, Hino A, Iwanari H, Kusano-Arai O, Mitsui K, Kasahara H, Fukayama M, Kodama T, Hamakubo T, Momose T. 90Y-Labeled Anti-ROBO1 Monoclonal Antibody Exhibits Antitumor Activity against Small Cell Lung Cancer Xenografts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125468. [PMID: 26017283 PMCID: PMC4446100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ROBO1 is a membrane protein that contributes to tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. We previously reported that 90Y-labeled anti-ROBO1 monoclonal antibody (90Y-anti-ROBO1 IgG) showed an antitumor effect against ROBO1-positive tumors. In this study, we performed a biodistribution study and radioimmunotherapy (RIT) against ROBO1-positive small cell lung cancer (SCLC) models. METHODS For the biodistribution study, 111In-labeled anti-ROBO1 monoclonal antibody (111In-anti-ROBO1 IgG) was injected into ROBO1-positive SCLC xenograft mice via the tail vein. To evaluate antitumor effects, an RIT study was performed, and SCLC xenograft mice were treated with 90Y-anti-ROBO1 IgG. Tumor volume and body weight were periodically measured throughout the experiments. The tumors and organs of mice were then collected, and a pathological analysis was carried out. RESULTS As a result of the biodistribution study, we observed tumor uptake of 111In-anti-ROBO1 IgG. The liver, kidney, spleen, and lung showed comparably high accumulation of 111In-labeled anti-ROBO1. In the RIT study, 90Y-anti-ROBO1 IgG significantly reduced tumor volume compared with baseline. Pathological analyses of tumors revealed coagulation necrosis and fatal degeneration of tumor cells, significant reduction in the number of Ki-67-positive cells, and an increase in the number of apoptotic cells. A transient reduction of hematopoietic cells was observed in the spleen, sternum, and femur. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that RIT with 90Y-anti-ROBO1 IgG is a promising treatment for ROBO1-positive SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Fujiwara
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Koyama
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Suga
- SANKYO LABO SERVICE Co., Ltd., Edogawaku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Ikemura
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akihiro Hino
- FUJIFILM RI Pharma Co., Ltd., SAMMU-CITY, CHIBA, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iwanari
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Kusano-Arai
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Mitsui
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Department of Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Momose
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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GU JIANJUN, GAO GUANGZHONG, ZHANG SHIMING. miR-218 inhibits the migration and invasion of glioma U87 cells through the Slit2-Robo1 pathway. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:1561-1566. [PMID: 25789001 PMCID: PMC4356403 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.2904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults and are associated with the highest mortality rate. Glioma invasion is one of the most notable causes of the poor prognosis of this cancer. Preventing the invasive behavior of malignant glioma cells by altering effector molecules can significantly improve the prognosis of a patient. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs, ~22 nucleotides in length, that are able to function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in human cancer. In the present study, the expression level of miRNA 218 (miR-218) was found to be markedly downregulated in glioma cell lines and human primary glioma tissues. miR-218 upregulation was found to dramatically reduce the migratory speed and invasive ability of glioma cells. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that ectopic expression of miR-218 in glioma cells resulted in the downregulation of roundabout, axon guidance receptor, homolog 1 (Robo1), upregulation of Slit homolog 2 (Slit2) and the expression of associated proteins following Robo1 knockdown by small interfering RNA. In addition, it was demonstrated that miR-218 inactivated the Slit2-Robo1 pathway through downregulating Robo1 expression by directly targeting the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of Robo1. The present results indicate that miR-218 plays important roles in preventing the invasiveness of glioma cells, and reveals a novel mechanism of miRNA-mediated direct suppression of the Slit2-Robo1 pathway in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- JIAN-JUN GU
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - GUANG-ZHONG GAO
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - SHI-MING ZHANG
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Shen XH, Qi P, Du X. Long non-coding RNAs in cancer invasion and metastasis. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:4-13. [PMID: 24925053 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent large-scale transcriptome analyses have revealed that the human genome contains more than just protein-coding genes. Indeed, a large number of transcripts, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), lack protein-coding capacity, and increasing evidence suggests that lncRNAs could have a critical role in the regulation of diverse cellular processes, such as stem cell pluripotency, development, cell growth and apoptosis, and cancer invasion and/or metastasis. Furthermore, the aberrant expression of several lncRNAs is closely linked to cancer invasion and/or metastasis. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate cancer invasion and/or metastasis are not clearly understood, recent studies have revealed that aberrant lncRNAs expression affects the progression of cancer. In this review, we highlight recent findings regarding the roles of lncRNAs in cancer invasion and/or metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-han Shen
- 1] Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China [2] Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China [3] Ningbo Clinical and Pathological Diagnosis Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Qi
- 1] Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China [2] Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China [3] Ningbo Clinical and Pathological Diagnosis Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Du
- 1] Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China [2] Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China [3] Ningbo Clinical and Pathological Diagnosis Center, Shanghai, China
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Liu J, Wang X, Li J, Wang H, Wei G, Yan J. Reconstruction of the gene regulatory network involved in the sonic hedgehog pathway with a potential role in early development of the mouse brain. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003884. [PMID: 25299227 PMCID: PMC4191885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is crucial for pattern formation in early central nervous system development. By systematically analyzing high-throughput in situ hybridization data of E11.5 mouse brain, we found that Shh and its receptor Ptch1 define two adjacent mutually exclusive gene expression domains: Shh+Ptch1− and Shh−Ptch1+. These two domains are associated respectively with Foxa2 and Gata3, two transcription factors that play key roles in specifying them. Gata3 ChIP-seq experiments and RNA-seq assays on Gata3-knockdown cells revealed that Gata3 up-regulates the genes that are enriched in the Shh−Ptch1+ domain. Important Gata3 targets include Slit2 and Slit3, which are involved in the process of axon guidance, as well as Slc18a1, Th and Qdpr, which are associated with neurotransmitter synthesis and release. By contrast, Foxa2 both up-regulates the genes expressed in the Shh+Ptch1− domain and down-regulates the genes characteristic of the Shh−Ptch1+ domain. From these and other data, we were able to reconstruct a gene regulatory network governing both domains. Our work provides the first genome-wide characterization of the gene regulatory network involved in the Shh pathway that underlies pattern formation in the early mouse brain. Recent large-scale projects of high-throughput in situ hybridization (ISH) have generated a wealth of spatiotemporal information on gene expression patterns in the early mouse brain. We have developed a computational approach that combines publicly available high-throughput ISH data with our own experimental data to investigate gene regulation, involving signal molecules and transcription factors (TFs), during early brain development. The analysis indicates that two key TFs, Foxa2 and Gata3, play antagonizing roles in the formation of two mutually exclusive domains established by the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in the developing mouse brain. Further ChIP-seq and RNA-seq experiments support this hypothesis and have identified novel target genes of Gata3, including the axon guidance regulators Slit2 and Slit3 as well as three neurotransmitter-associated genes, Slc18a1, Th and Qdpr. The findings have allowed us to reconstruct the gene regulatory network brought into play by the Sonic hedgehog pathway that mediates early mouse brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Liu
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelong Wang
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Li
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wei
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yan
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Fujiwara K, Koyama K, Suga K, Ikemura M, Saito Y, Hino A, Iwanari H, Kusano-Arai O, Mitsui K, Kasahara H, Fukayama M, Kodama T, Hamakubo T, Momose T. A (90)Y-labelled anti-ROBO1 monoclonal antibody exhibits antitumour activity against hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts during ROBO1-targeted radioimmunotherapy. EJNMMI Res 2014; 4:29. [PMID: 25006547 PMCID: PMC4077627 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-014-0029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ROBO1 is a membrane protein that functions in axon guidance. ROBO1 contributes to tumour metastasis and angiogenesis and may have potential as a target protein of immunotherapy because ROBO1 is specifically expressed at high levels in hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we examined biodistribution and radioimmunotherapy (RIT) using a radioisotope-labelled anti-ROBO1 monoclonal antibody (MAb) against hepatocellular carcinoma models. Methods ROBO1-positive HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft nude mice were used in this study. We conjugated anti-ROBO1 MAb with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), and the conjugates were labelled with 111In and 90Y. To study biodistribution, the 111In-DOTA-anti-ROBO1 MAb was injected into HepG2 xenograft mice via the tail vein. To evaluate any antitumour effect, a RIT study was performed, and the 90Y-DOTA-anti-ROBO1 MAb was injected via the tail vein. Tumour volume, mouse weight, and blood cell count were periodically measured throughout the experiments. The tumours and organs of mice were collected, and a histopathological analysis was carried out. Results The tumour uptake of 111In-anti-ROBO1 MAb in HepG2 xenograft mice was 15.0% ± 0.69% injected dose per gram at 48 h after injection. Immunotherapy with cold-anti-ROBO1 MAb (70 μg) did not cause a significant antitumour effect. RIT with 6.7 MBq of 90Y-anti-ROBO1 MAb caused significant tumour growth suppression. Transient body weight loss and bone-marrow suppression were observed. Histopathological analyses of tumours revealed the fatal degeneration of tumour cells, significant reduction of the Ki-67 index, and an increase of the apoptosis index. Normal organs showed no significant injury, but a transient reduction of hematopoietic cells was observed in the spleen and in the sternal bone marrow. Conclusions These results suggest that RIT with 90Y-anti-ROBO1 MAb is a promising treatment for ROBO1-positive hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Fujiwara
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 3-1, Hongo 7-Chome, Bunkyo-ku 113-8655, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Koyama
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 3-1, Hongo 7-Chome, Bunkyo-ku 113-8655, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Suga
- SANKYO LABO SERVICE Co., Ltd., 2-13-16, Nishiichinoe, Edogawaku 132-0023, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Ikemura
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 3-1, Hongo 7-Chome, Bunkyo-ku 113-8655, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Saito
- FUJIFILM RI Pharma Co., Ltd., 453-1, Shimo-Okura, Matsuo-Machi, Sammu-City 289-1592, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hino
- FUJIFILM RI Pharma Co., Ltd., 453-1, Shimo-Okura, Matsuo-Machi, Sammu-City 289-1592, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iwanari
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku 153-8904, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Kusano-Arai
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku 153-8904, Tokyo, Japan ; Institute of Immunology Co., Ltd., 1-1-1 Koraku, Bunkyo 112-0004, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Mitsui
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku 153-8904, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kasahara
- FUJIFILM RI Pharma Co., Ltd., 453-1, Shimo-Okura, Matsuo-Machi, Sammu-City 289-1592, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 3-1, Hongo 7-Chome, Bunkyo-ku 113-8655, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Department of Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku 153-8904, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku 153-8904, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Momose
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 3-1, Hongo 7-Chome, Bunkyo-ku 113-8655, Tokyo, Japan
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SHI RONGLIANG, YANG ZHEN, LIU WEIYAN, LIU BINGYA, XU ZIPING, ZHANG ZIPING. Knockdown of Slit2 promotes growth and motility in gastric cancer cells via activation of AKT/β-catenin. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:812-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Chen WF, Gao WD, Li QL, Zhou PH, Xu MD, Yao LQ. SLIT2 inhibits cell migration in colorectal cancer through the AKT-GSK3β signaling pathway. Int J Colorectal Dis 2013; 28:933-40. [PMID: 23314850 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-013-1641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy and one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Similar to other human cancers, tumor metastasis is the biggest obstacle in the clinical treatment of colorectal cancer. In this study, we explored the functional role of SLIT2 in colon tumor metastasis and the relevant molecular mechanisms. METHODS Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to measure SLIT2 expression in colorectal tumor tissues in the presence or absence of metastasis. Wound-healing assays, Transwell assays, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence assays were used to examine the effects of SLIT2 on SW480 and NCM460 cell migration and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). An AKT inhibitor was introduced to examine the mechanism underlying SLIT2-mediated suppression of NCM460 cell migration. RESULTS Higher SLIT2 expression was detected in metastasis-positive tumor tissues, and this upregulation was beneficial for the overall survival of patients with colorectal cancer. Either the addition of purified SLIT2 or overexpression of SLIT2 inhibited SW480 cell migration, whereas the depletion of SLIT2 with shRNA enhanced the migratory ability of NCM460 cells. Meanwhile, SLIT2 depletion also induced β-catenin accumulation and altered the expression levels of several molecules related to EMT in NCM460 cells. AKT inhibition abrogated the effects of SLIT2 depletion on EMT and migration in NCM460 cells. CONCLUSIONS SLIT2 suppresses colon tumor metastasis, and it exerts its suppressive activity against colorectal cancer metastasis by restraining AKT signaling and EMT, thus making it a potential clinical prognosis marker in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Feng Chen
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 FengLin Road, 200032, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Wang G, Li Y, Wang XY, Han Z, Chuai M, Wang LJ, Ho Lee KK, Geng JG, Yang X. Slit/Robo1 signaling regulates neural tube development by balancing neuroepithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1083-93. [PMID: 23438940 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Formation of the neural tube is the morphological hallmark for development of the embryonic central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, neural tube development is a crucial step in the neurulation process. Slit/Robo signaling was initially identified as a chemo-repellent that regulated axon growth cone elongation, but its role in controlling neural tube development is currently unknown. To address this issue, we investigated Slit/Robo1 signaling in the development of chick neCollege of Life Sciences Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UKural tube and transgenic mice over-expressing Slit2. We disrupted Slit/Robo1 signaling by injecting R5 monoclonal antibodies into HH10 neural tubes to block the Robo1 receptor. This inhibited the normal development of the ventral body curvature and caused the spinal cord to curl up into a S-shape. Next, Slit/Robo1 signaling on one half-side of the chick embryo neural tube was disturbed by electroporation in ovo. We found that the morphology of the neural tube was dramatically abnormal after we interfered with Slit/Robo1 signaling. Furthermore, we established that silencing Robo1 inhibited cell proliferation while over-expressing Robo1 enhanced cell proliferation. We also investigated the effects of altering Slit/Robo1 expression on Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) and Pax7 expression in the developing neural tube. We demonstrated that over-expressing Robo1 down-regulated Shh expression in the ventral neural tube and resulted in the production of fewer HNK-1(+) migrating neural crest cells (NCCs). In addition, Robo1 over-expression enhanced Pax7 expression in the dorsal neural tube and increased the number of Slug(+) pre-migratory NCCs. Conversely, silencing Robo1 expression resulted in an enhanced Shh expression and more HNK-1(+) migrating NCCs but reduced Pax7 expression and fewer Slug(+) pre-migratory NCCs were observed. In conclusion, we propose that Slit/Robo1 signaling is involved in regulating neural tube development by tightly coordinating cell proliferation and differentiation during neurulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of The Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Gutschner T, Hämmerle M, Eissmann M, Hsu J, Kim Y, Hung G, Revenko A, Arun G, Stentrup M, Gross M, Zörnig M, MacLeod AR, Spector DL, Diederichs S. The noncoding RNA MALAT1 is a critical regulator of the metastasis phenotype of lung cancer cells. Cancer Res 2012; 73:1180-9. [PMID: 23243023 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1251] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA MALAT1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1), also known as MALAT-1 or NEAT2 (nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 2), is a highly conserved nuclear noncoding RNA (ncRNA) and a predictive marker for metastasis development in lung cancer. To uncover its functional importance, we developed a MALAT1 knockout model in human lung tumor cells by genomically integrating RNA destabilizing elements using zinc finger nucleases. The achieved 1,000-fold MALAT1 silencing provides a unique loss-of-function model. Proposed mechanisms of action include regulation of splicing or gene expression. In lung cancer, MALAT1 does not alter alternative splicing but actively regulates gene expression including a set of metastasis-associated genes. Consequently, MALAT1-deficient cells are impaired in migration and form fewer tumor nodules in a mouse xenograft. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) blocking MALAT1 prevent metastasis formation after tumor implantation. Thus, targeting MALAT1 with ASOs provides a potential therapeutic approach to prevent lung cancer metastasis with this ncRNA serving as both predictive marker and therapeutic target. Finally, regulating gene expression, but not alternative splicing, is the critical function of MALAT1 in lung cancer metastasis. In summary, 10 years after the discovery of the lncRNA MALAT1 as a biomarker for lung cancer metastasis, our loss-of-function model unravels the active function of MALAT1 as a regulator of gene expression governing hallmarks of lung cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Gutschner
- Helmholtz-University-Group Molecular RNA Biology & Cancer, German Cancer Research Center DKFZ & Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg, Germany
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Prasad A, Kuzontkoski PM, Shrivastava A, Zhu W, Li DY, Groopman JE. Slit2N/Robo1 inhibit HIV-gp120-induced migration and podosome formation in immature dendritic cells by sequestering LSP1 and WASp. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48854. [PMID: 23119100 PMCID: PMC3485365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-mediated transmission and dissemination of sexually-acquired human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) in the host involves the migration of immature dendritic cells (iDCs). iDCs migrate in response to the HIV-1 envelope protein, gp120, and inhibiting such migration may limit the mucosal transmission of HIV-1. In this study, we elucidated the mechanism of HIV-1-gp120-induced transendothelial migration of iDCs. We found that gp120 enhanced the binding of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp) and the Actin-Related Protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex with β-actin, an interaction essential for the proper formation of podosomes, specialized adhesion structures required for the migration of iDCs through different tissues. We further identified Leukocyte-Specific Protein 1 (LSP1) as a novel component of the WASp-Arp2/3-β-actin complex. Pretreating iDCs with an active fragment of the secretory glycoprotein Slit2 (Slit2N) inhibited HIV-1-gp120-mediated migration and podosome formation, by inducing the cognate receptor Roundabout 1 (Robo1) to bind to and sequester WASp and LSP1 from β-actin. Slit2N treatment also inhibited Src signaling and the activation of several downstream molecules, including Rac1, Pyk2, paxillin, and CDC42, a major regulator of podosome formation. Taken together, our results support a novel mechanism by which Slit2/Robo1 may inhibit the HIV-1-gp120-induced migration of iDCs, thereby restricting dissemination of HIV-1 from mucosal surfaces in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Prasad
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paula M. Kuzontkoski
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ashutosh Shrivastava
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Weiquan Zhu
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Dean Y. Li
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jerome E. Groopman
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Liu X, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhou J, Yuan Y, Gao X, Su Z, He C. Slit2 regulates the dispersal of oligodendrocyte precursor cells via Fyn/RhoA signaling. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:17503-17516. [PMID: 22433866 PMCID: PMC3366791 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.317610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are a unique type of glia that are responsible for the myelination of the central nervous system. OPC migration is important for myelin formation during central nervous system development and repair. However, the precise extracellular and intracellular mechanisms that regulate OPC migration remain elusive. Slits were reported to regulate neurodevelopmental processes such as migration, adhesion, axon guidance, and elongation through binding to roundabout receptors (Robos). However, the potential roles of Slits/Robos in oligodendrocytes remain unknown. In this study, Slit2 was found to be involved in regulating the dispersal of OPCs through the association between Robo1 and Fyn. Initially, we examined the expression of Robos in OPCs both in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, the Boyden chamber assay showed that Slit2 could inhibit OPC migration. RoboN, a specific inhibitor of Robos, could significantly attenuate this effect. The effects were confirmed through the explant migration assay. Furthermore, treating OPCs with Slit2 protein deactivated Fyn and increased the level of activated RhoA-GTP. Finally, Fyn was found to form complexes with Robo1, but this association was decreased after Slit2 stimulation. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time that Slit2 regulates the dispersal of oligodendrocyte precursor cells through Fyn and RhoA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujie Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiazhen Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yimin Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhida Su
- Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cheng He
- Institute of Neuroscience and MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Dong R, Yu J, Pu H, Zhang Z, Xu X. Frequent SLIT2 Promoter Methylation in the Serum of Patients with Ovarian Cancer. J Int Med Res 2012; 40:681-6. [PMID: 22613430 DOI: 10.1177/147323001204000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The slit homologue 2 ( SLIT2) gene is a tumour suppressor gene. This study investigated the methylation status of the SLIT2 promoter in women with ovarian cancer in terms of identifying whether this might aid the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. METHODS: Using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction analysis, the methylation status of the SLIT2 promoter was measured in tumour tissue and serum samples from 36 patients with ovarian cancer and in matched serum samples from 25 controls without cancer. RESULTS: Aberrant methylation of the SLIT2 promoter was present in ovarian tissue from 29/36 (80.6%) ovarian cancer patients, but not in the 25 healthy controls. Among the cases with hypermethylation in their ovarian tissue, 27/29 (93.1%) of the case-matched serum DNA samples, including all four cases of early-stage ovarian cancer, showed hypermethylation of the SLIT2 promoter. CONCLUSIONS: Hypermethylation of the SLIT2 promoter may be a relatively early event in ovarian cancer; thus, its detection may be an effective approach to improve early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - J Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - H Pu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - X Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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Abstract
The Slit family of secreted proteins and their transmembrane receptor, Robo, were originally identified in the nervous system where they function as axon guidance cues and branching factors during development. Since their discovery, a great number of additional roles have been attributed to Slit/Robo signaling, including regulating the critical processes of cell proliferation and cell motility in a variety of cell and tissue types. These processes are often deregulated during cancer progression, allowing tumor cells to bypass safeguarding mechanisms in the cell and the environment in order to grow and escape to new tissues. In the past decade, it has been shown that the expression of Slit and Robo is altered in a wide variety of cancer types, identifying them as potential therapeutic targets. Further, studies have demonstrated dual roles for Slits and Robos in cancer, acting as both oncogenes and tumor suppressors. This bifunctionality is also observed in their roles as axon guidance cues in the developing nervous system, where they both attract and repel neuronal migration. The fact that this signaling axis can have opposite functions depending on the cellular circumstance make its actions challenging to define. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the dual roles that Slit/Robo signaling play in development, epithelial tumor progression, and tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimmi S. Ballard
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz CA 95064
| | - Lindsay Hinck
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz CA 95064
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39
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Immunohistochemical staining of slit2 in primary and metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma. Transl Oncol 2011; 4:314-20. [PMID: 21966548 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.11151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conflicting roles for Slit2, a protein involved in mediating the processes of cell migration and chemotactic response, have been previously described in prostate cancer. Here we use immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of Slit2 in normal donor prostate (NDP), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), normal tissue adjacent to prostatic adenocarcinoma (NAC), primary prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa), and metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma (Mets). METHODS Tissue microarrays were immunostained for Slit2. The staining intensities were quantified using automated image analysis software. The data was statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with subsequent Tukey tests for multiple comparisons or a nonparametric equivalent. Eleven cases of NDP, 35 cases of NAC, 15 cases of BPH, 35 cases of HGPIN, 106 cases of PCa, and 37 cases of Mets were analyzed. RESULTS Specimens of PCa and HGPIN had the highest absolute staining for Slit2. Significant differences were seen between PCa and NDP (P < .05), PCa and NAC (P < .05), HGPIN and NDP (P < .05), and HGPIN and NAC (P < .05). Whereas the average Mets staining was not significantly different from NDP or NAC, several individual Mets cases featured intense staining. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this represents the first study comparing the immunohistochemical profiles of Slit2 in PCa and Mets to specimens of HGPIN, BPH, NDP, and NAC. These findings suggest that Slit2 expression can be increased in HGPIN, PCa, and Mets, making it a potentially important biomarker for prostate cancer.
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