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Cai W, Hu M, Li C, Wu R, Lu D, Xie C, Zhang W, Li T, Shen S, Huang H, Qiu W, Liu Q, Lu Y, Lu Z. FOXP3+ macrophage represses acute ischemic stroke-induced neural inflammation. Autophagy 2023; 19:1144-1163. [PMID: 36170234 PMCID: PMC10012925 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2116833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper termination of cell-death-induced neural inflammation is the premise of tissue repair in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Macrophages scavenge cell corpses/debris and produce inflammatory mediators that orchestrate immune responses. Here, we report that FOXP3, the key immune-repressive transcription factor of Tregs, is conditionally expressed in macrophages in stroke lesion. FOXP3 ablation in macrophages results in detrimental stroke outcomes, emphasizing the beneficial role of FOXP3+ macrophages. FOXP3+ macrophages are distinct from the M1 or M2 subsets and display superactive efferocytic capacity. With scRNAseq and analysis of FOXP3-bound-DNA isolated with CUT & RUN, we show that FOXP3 facilitates macrophage phagocytosis through enhancing cargo metabolism. FOXP3 expression is controlled by macroautophagic/autophagic protein degradation in resting macrophages, while initiation of LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) competitively occupies the autophagic machineries, and thus permits FOXP3 activation. Our data demonstrate a distinct set of FOXP3+ macrophages with enhanced scavenging capability, which could be a target in immunomodulatory therapy against AIS.Abbreviations: ADGRE1/F4/80: adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1; AIF1/Iba1: allograft inflammatory factor 1; AIS: acute ischemic stroke; ARG1: arginase 1; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BECN1/Beclin1: Beclin 1, autophagy related; BMDM: bone marrow-derived macrophages; CKO: conditional knockout; CSF1/M-CSF: colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage); CSF2/GM-CSF: colony stimulating factor 2; CSF3/G-CSF: colony stimulating factor 3; CUT & RUN: cleavage under targets and release using nuclease; CyD: cytochalasin D; DAMP: danger/damage-associated molecular pattern; DIL: dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylin docarbocyanine; ELISA: enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; GO: Gene Ontology; FCGR3/CD16: Fc receptor, IgG, low affinity III; HMGB1: high mobility group box 1; IFNG/IFNγ: interferon gamma; IP: immunoprecipitation; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; ITGAM/CD11b: integrin subunit alpha M; ITGAX/CD11c: integrin subunit alpha X; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; LC-MS: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MRC1/CD206: mannose receptor, C type 1; O4: oligodendrocyte marker O4; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; RBC: red blood cells; PTPRC/CD45: protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C; RBFOX3/NeuN: RNA binding protein, fox 1 homolog (C. elegans) 3; RUBCN/Rubicon: RUN domain and cysteine-rich domain containing, Beclin 1-interacting protein; scRNAseq: single cell RNA sequencing; SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1); TGFB/TGFβ: transforming growth factor, beta; tMCAO: transient middle cerebral artery occlusion; TNF/TNFα: tumor necrosis factor; Treg: regulatory T cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruizhen Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danli Lu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chichu Xie
- Center of Clinical Immunology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center of Clinical Immunology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiemei Li
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shishi Shen
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huipeng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quentin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Center of Clinical Immunology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengqi Lu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Xuan W, Xie W, Li F, Huang D, Zhu Z, Lin Y, Lu B, Yu W, Li Y, Li P. Dualistic roles and mechanistic insights of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:341-356. [PMID: 36369735 PMCID: PMC9941868 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221138412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is involved in various immune-mediated pathologies and regulates both innate and adaptive immune reactions, thus being related to several acute and chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, septic shock, and atherosclerosis. Its role in acute and chronic brain pathologies, such as stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In response to stimuli like hypoxia, inflammation or infection, different cell types can rapidly release MIF, including immune cells, endothelial cells, and neuron cells. Notably, clinical data from past decades also suggested a possible link between serum MIF levels and the severity of stroke and the evolving of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize the major and recent findings focusing on the mechanisms of MIF modulating functions in brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases, which may provide important therapeutic targets meriting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji
Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai,
China
| | - Wanqing Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji
Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai,
China
| | - Fengshi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji
Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai,
China
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji
Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai,
China
| | - Yuxuan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji
Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai,
China
| | - Binwei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji
Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai,
China
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji
Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai,
China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji
Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai,
China
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Research Center, Renji
Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai,
China
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Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis of mRNA Expression Profiles of Mice to Explore the Key Genes Involved in Crim1 Mutation-Induced Congenital Cataracts. Biochem Genet 2022:10.1007/s10528-022-10323-3. [PMID: 36586009 PMCID: PMC10372119 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Crim1 has been implicated in cataracts in mice and is of great importance in the development of the eye in both humans and mice. Therefore, we aimed to clarify how Crim1 mutations affect lens development and the molecular mechanism of cataracts in mice through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. The microarray chip was downloaded from the GEO database to obtain the gene expression profile data set. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the limma package. GO and KEGG analyses of DEGs were performed using the DAVID database. Then, we established the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network in Cytoscape. Next, we used MCODE to analyze the data. We obtained 750 DEGs in total, including 407 upregulated DEGs and 343 downregulated DEGs. GO analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly related to biological processes, such as apoptosis, cell translation and the immune system. KEGG analysis showed that the enriched functions and pathways were related to the processing and presentation of ribosomes, lysosomes, and antigens. We identified 18 HUB genes, among which four core genes, C1qa, C1qb, C1qc, and Cd74, were closely related to congenital cataracts induced by Crim1 mutation. This study reveals the molecular pathogenesis of congenital cataracts induced by Crim1, and this information is expected to facilitate clinical genetic testing, molecular diagnosis, prognosis, and individualized chemotherapy for congenital cataracts (CC).
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Jia H, Qi X, Fu L, Wu H, Shang J, Qu M, Yang C, Wang J. NLRP3
inflammasome inhibitor ameliorates ischemic stroke by reprogramming the phenotype of microglia/macrophage in a murine model of distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neuropathology 2022; 42:181-189. [PMID: 35434787 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongning Jia
- Department of Neurology Cangzhou Central Hospital Cangzhou China
| | - Xiaoyuan Qi
- Department of Neurology Cangzhou Central Hospital Cangzhou China
| | - Lan Fu
- Department of Imaging Cangzhou Central Hospital Cangzhou China
| | - Huijun Wu
- Department of Neurology Cangzhou Central Hospital Cangzhou China
| | - Jinxing Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery Cangzhou Central Hospital Cangzhou China
| | - Mingwei Qu
- Department of Neurology Cangzhou Central Hospital Cangzhou China
| | - Chaoping Yang
- Department of Neurology Cangzhou Central Hospital Cangzhou China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Neurology Cangzhou Central Hospital Cangzhou China
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Var SR, Shetty AV, Grande AW, Low WC, Cheeran MC. Microglia and Macrophages in Neuroprotection, Neurogenesis, and Emerging Therapies for Stroke. Cells 2021; 10:3555. [PMID: 34944064 PMCID: PMC8700390 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains the number one cause of morbidity in the United States. Within weeks to months after an ischemic event, there is a resolution of inflammation and evidence of neurogenesis; however, years following a stroke, there is evidence of chronic inflammation in the central nervous system, possibly by the persistence of an autoimmune response to brain antigens as a result of ischemia. The mechanisms underlying the involvement of macrophage and microglial activation after stroke are widely acknowledged as having a role in ischemic stroke pathology; thus, modulating inflammation and neurological recovery is a hopeful strategy for treating the long-term outcomes after ischemic injury. Current treatments fail to provide neuroprotective or neurorestorative benefits after stroke; therefore, to ameliorate brain injury-induced deficits, therapies must alter both the initial response to injury and the subsequent inflammatory process. This review will address differences in macrophage and microglia nomenclature and summarize recent work in elucidating the mechanisms of macrophage and microglial participation in antigen presentation, neuroprotection, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, synaptic remodeling, and immune modulating strategies for treating the long-term outcomes after ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna R. Var
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.R.V.); (A.W.G.)
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Anala V. Shetty
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA
| | - Andrew W. Grande
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.R.V.); (A.W.G.)
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Walter C. Low
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.R.V.); (A.W.G.)
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Maxim C. Cheeran
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Cho JY, Matsukawa N. The unsolved mystery of hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide: A potent cholinergic regulator. Brain Circ 2021; 7:29-32. [PMID: 34084974 PMCID: PMC8057103 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_14_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic efferent networks located from the medial septal nucleus to the hippocampus play a pivotal role in learning and memory outcomes by generating regular theta rhythms that enhance information retention. Hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide (HCNP), derived from the N-terminus of HCNP precursor protein (HCNP-pp), promotes the synthesis of acetylcholine in the medial septal nuclei. HCNP-pp deletion significantly reduced theta power in CA1 possibly due to lower levels of choline acetyltransferase-positive axons in CA1 stratum oriens, suggesting cholinergic disruptions in the septo-hippocampal system. This review also explores HCNP as a potent cholinergic regulator in the septo-hippocampal network while also examining the limitations of our understanding of the neurostimulating peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Y Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Gonzales-Portillo BM, Lee JY, Vandenbark AA, Offner H, Borlongan CV. Major histocompatibility complex Class II-based therapy for stroke. Brain Circ 2021; 7:37-40. [PMID: 34084976 PMCID: PMC8057100 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_16_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the potential of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II constructs as stroke therapeutics. We focus on the delivery of MHC Class II construct, DRmQ, as a safe and effective treatment for ischemic stroke. DRmQ was observed to attenuate behavioral deficits and decrease microglia activation and proinflammatory cytokines, illustrating its ability to mitigate the secondary cell death following stroke. Similar anti-neuroinflammation treatments, such as transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells and mitochondrial transfers, are briefly discussed to provide further support that sequestration of inflammation stands as a robust therapeutic target for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jea-Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Arthur A. Vandenbark
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Halina Offner
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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8
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Lee JY, Castelli V, Bonsack B, Coats AB, Navarro-Torres L, Garcia-Sanchez J, Kingsbury C, Nguyen H, Vandenbark AA, Meza-Romero R, Offner H, Borlongan CV. A Novel Partial MHC Class II Construct, DRmQ, Inhibits Central and Peripheral Inflammatory Responses to Promote Neuroprotection in Experimental Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:831-836. [PMID: 31797249 PMCID: PMC10166182 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recognizing that the pathologic progression of stroke is closely associated with aberrant immune responses, in particular the activation of peripheral leukocytes, namely T cells, we hypothesized that finding a treatment designed to inhibit neuroantigen-specific T cells and block cytotoxic monocytes and macrophages may render therapeutic effects in stroke. We previously reported that subcutaneous administration of partial MHC class II constructs promote behavioral and histological effects in stroke mice by centrally promoting a protective M2 macrophage/microglia phenotype in the CNS and peripherally reversing stroke-associated splenic atrophy. Here, we employed a second species using adult Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to the middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model and observed similar therapeutic effects with a mouse partial MHC class II construct called DRmQ, as evidenced by reductions in stroke-induced motor deficits, infarcts, and peri-infarct cell loss and neuroinflammation. More importantly, we offered further evidence of peripheral sequestration of inflammation at the level of the spleen, which was characterized by attenuation of stroke-induced spleen weight reduction and TNF-ɑ and IL-6 upregulation. Collectively, these results satisfy the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable criteria of testing a novel therapeutic in a second species and support the use of partial MHC class II constructs as a stroke therapeutic designed to sequester both central and peripheral inflammation responses in an effort to retard, or even halt, the neuroinflammation that exacerbates the secondary cell death in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jea-Young Lee
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Brooke Bonsack
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Alexandreya B Coats
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Lisset Navarro-Torres
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Julian Garcia-Sanchez
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Chase Kingsbury
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Arthur A Vandenbark
- Neuroimmunology Research, R&D-31, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710, SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Roberto Meza-Romero
- Neuroimmunology Research, R&D-31, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710, SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research, R&D-31, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710, SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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Brown J, Kingsbury C, Lee J, Vandenbark AA, Meza‐Romero R, Offner H, Borlongan CV. Spleen participation in partial MHC class II construct neuroprotection in stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:663-669. [PMID: 32237074 PMCID: PMC7298973 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological progression of stroke in the peripheral and central nervous systems (PNS and CNS) is characterized by multiple converging signalling pathways that exacerbate neuroinflammation-mediated secondary cell death. This creates a need for a novel type of immunotherapy capable of simultaneously lowering the synergistic inflammatory responses in the PNS and CNS, specifically the spleen and brain. Previously, we demonstrated that partial major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II constructs can be administered subcutaneously to promote histological and behavioural effects that alleviate common symptoms found in a murine model of transient stroke. This MHC class II manipulates T cell cytokine expression in both PNS and CNS, resulting in dampened inflammation. In our long-standing efforts towards translational research, we recently demonstrated that a potent next generation mouse-based partial MHC class II construct named DRmQ (DRa1L50Q -mMOG-35-55) similarly induces neuroprotection in stroke rats, replicating the therapeutic effects of the human homolog as DRhQ (DRa1L50Q -human (h)MOG-35-55) in stroke mice. Our preclinical studies showed that DRmQ reduces motor deficits, infarct volume and peri-infarct cell loss by targeting inflammation in this second species. Moreover, we provided mechanistic support in both animal studies that partial MHC class II constructs effectively modulate the spleen, an organ which plays a critical role in modulating secondary cell death. Together, these preclinical studies satisfy testing the constructs in two stroke models, which is a major criterion of the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) criteria and a key step in effectively translating this drug to the clinic. Additional translational studies, including dose-response and larger animal models may be warranted to bring MHC class II constructs closer to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Brown
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain RepairCenter of Excellence for Aging and Brain RepairUniversity of South Florida College of MedicineTampaFLUSA
| | - Chase Kingsbury
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain RepairCenter of Excellence for Aging and Brain RepairUniversity of South Florida College of MedicineTampaFLUSA
| | - Jea‐Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain RepairCenter of Excellence for Aging and Brain RepairUniversity of South Florida College of MedicineTampaFLUSA
| | - Arthur A. Vandenbark
- Neuroimmunology Research R&D‐31VA Portland Health Care SystemPortlandORUSA,Department of Neurology and Molecular Microbiology & ImmunologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Roberto Meza‐Romero
- Neuroimmunology Research R&D‐31VA Portland Health Care SystemPortlandORUSA,Department of Neurology and Molecular Microbiology & ImmunologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research R&D‐31VA Portland Health Care SystemPortlandORUSA,Department of Neurology and Molecular Microbiology & ImmunologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain RepairCenter of Excellence for Aging and Brain RepairUniversity of South Florida College of MedicineTampaFLUSA
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Functional Dynamics of Neutrophils After Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:108-121. [PMID: 30847778 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are forerunners to brain lesions after ischemic stroke and exert elaborate functions. However, temporal alterations of cell count, polarity, extracellular trap formation, and clearance of neutrophils remain poorly understood. The current study was aimed at providing basic information of neutrophil function throughout a time course following stroke onset in patients and animal subjects. We found that neutrophil constitution in peripheral blood increased soon after stroke onset of patients, and higher neutrophil count indicated detrimental stroke outcomes. Comparably, neutrophil count in peripheral blood of stroke mice peaked at 12 h after cerebral ischemia, followed by a 1-2-day spike in brain lesions. In stroke lesion, clearance of neutrophils peaked at 2 days after stroke and extracellular traps were mostly detected at 2-3 days after stroke. In neutrophil infiltrated into stroke lesion, expression of the N2 marker CD206 was relatively stable. We found that the N2 phenotype facilitated neutrophil clearance by macrophage and did not further induce neuronal death after ischemic injury compared with N0 or N1 neutrophils. Skewing neutrophil toward the N2 phenotype before stroke reduced infarct volumes at 1 day after tMCAO. Conditioned medium of ischemic neurons drove neutrophils away from the protective N2 phenotype and increased the formation of extracellular traps. Conclusively, neutrophil function has an important impact on stroke outcomes. Neutrophil frequency in the peripheral blood could be an early indicator of stroke outcomes. N2 neutrophils facilitate macrophage phagocytosis and are less harmful to ischemic neurons. Directing neutrophils toward the N2 phenotype could be a promising therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke.
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Abstract
CD3+CD4-CD8- T cells (double-negative T cells; DNTs) have diverse functions in peripheral immune-related diseases by regulating immunological and inflammatory homeostasis. However, the functions of DNTs in the central nervous system remain unknown. Here, we found that the levels of DNTs were dramatically increased in both the brain and peripheral blood of stroke patients and in a mouse model in a time-dependent manner. The infiltrating DNTs enhanced cerebral immune and inflammatory responses and exacerbated ischemic brain injury by modulating the FasL/PTPN2/TNF-α signaling pathway. Blockade of this pathway limited DNT-mediated neuroinflammation and improved the outcomes of stroke. Our results identified a critical function of DNTs in the ischemic brain, suggesting that this unique population serves as an attractive target for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Vandenbark AA, Meza-Romero R, Benedek G, Offner H. A novel neurotherapeutic for multiple sclerosis, ischemic injury, methamphetamine addiction, and traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:14. [PMID: 30683115 PMCID: PMC6346590 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular, autoimmune, and traumatic injuries of the central nervous system (CNS) all have in common an initial acute inflammatory response mediated by influx across the blood-brain barrier of activated mononuclear cells followed by chronic and often progressive disability. Although some anti-inflammatory therapies can reduce cellular infiltration into the initial lesions, there are essentially no effective treatments for the progressive phase. We here review the successful treatment of animal models for four separate neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative CNS conditions using a single partial MHC class II construct called DRa1-hMOG-35-55 or its newest iteration, DRa1(L50Q)-hMOG-35-55 (DRhQ) that can be administered without a need for class II tissue type matching due to the conserved DRα1 moiety of the drug. These constructs antagonize the cognate TCR and bind with high affinity to their cell-bound CD74 receptor on macrophages and dendritic cells, thereby competitively inhibiting downstream signaling and pro-inflammatory effects of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its homolog, d-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT=MIF-2) that bind to identical residues of CD74 leading to progressive disease. These effects suggest the existence of a common pathogenic mechanism involving a chemokine-driven influx of activated monocytes into the CNS tissue that can be reversed by parenteral injection of the DRa1-MOG-35-55 constructs that also induce anti-inflammatory macrophages and microglia within the CNS. Due to their ability to block this common pathway, these novel drugs appear to be prime candidates for therapy of a wide range of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative CNS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A Vandenbark
- Neuroimmunology Research, R&D-31, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Roberto Meza-Romero
- Neuroimmunology Research, R&D-31, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Gil Benedek
- Present Address: Tissue Typing and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research, R&D-31, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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13
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Post-stroke DHA Treatment Protects Against Acute Ischemic Brain Injury by Skewing Macrophage Polarity Toward the M2 Phenotype. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 9:669-680. [PMID: 30203370 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systemic docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been explored as a clinically feasible protectant in stroke models. However, the mechanism for DHA-afforded neuroprotection remains elusive. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was induced for 1 h. DHA (i.p., 10 mg/kg) was administered immediately after reperfusion and repeated daily for 3 days. Stroke outcomes, systemic inflammatory status, and microglia/macrophage phenotypic alterations were assessed 3 days after stroke. Macrophage depletion was induced by clodronate liposomes injection. Primary macrophage cultures were used to evaluate the direct effect of DHA on macrophages. We demonstrated that post-stroke DHA injection efficiently reduced brain infarct and ameliorated neurological deficits 3 days after tMCAO. Systemic DHA treatment significantly inhibited immune cell infiltration (macrophages, neutrophils, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes) and promoted macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in the ischemic brain. Meanwhile, systemic DHA administration inhibited the otherwise elevated pro-inflammatory factors in blood and shifted circulating macrophage polarity toward M2 phenotype after ischemic stroke. The numbers of circulating immune cells in blood and spleen, however, were equivalent between DHA- and vehicle-treated groups. The protective effects of DHA were macrophage-dependent, as macrophage depletion abolished DHA-afforded neuroprotection. In vitro studies confirmed that DHA suppressed production of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines from macrophages under inflammatory stimulation. These data indicate that post-stroke DHA treatment ameliorated acute ischemic brain injury in a macrophage-dependent manner and DHA enhanced macrophage phenotypic shift toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype to reduced central and peripheral inflammation after stroke.
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14
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Ren C, Li S, Rajah G, Shao G, Lu G, Han R, Huang Q, Li H, Ding Y, Jin K, Ji X. Hypoxia, hibernation and Neuroprotection: An Experimental Study in Mice. Aging Dis 2018; 9:761-768. [PMID: 30090664 PMCID: PMC6065299 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibernation is a unique physiological state that evolved to survive periods of food shortages. It is characterized by profound decreases in metabolic rate, body temperature and physiological functions. Studies have shown that animals in hibernation can resist neurological damage. Here, we aimed to study whether hypoxia can induce a hibernation-like state in a traditionally non-hibernating animal and whether it is neuroprotective. All procedures were conducted according to international guidelines on laboratory animal safety. Mice C57BL/6 (19-21g) were placed into a 125 mL jar with fresh air and the jar was sealed with a rubber plug. For each run, the tolerance limit was judged by the animals' appearance for "air hunger". The animal was removed from the jar as soon as its first gasping breath appeared and was moved to another fresh-air-containing jar of similar volume. This procedure was performed in four runs. The hypoxia exposure significantly decreased oxygen (O2) consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2) production, respiratory rate and heart rate. Meanwhile, rectal temperature reached a minimum of 12.7±2.56°C, which is lower than a wide range of ambient temperatures. The mimicked hibernation decreased the infarct size in a focal cerebral ischemia mouse model. Our findings suggest the possibility of inducing suspended animation-like hibernation states for medical applications post injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorder, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Sijie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Gary Rajah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Guo Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Guowei Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Rongrong Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qingjian Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorder, Beijing 100069, China
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15
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Putatunda R, Bethea JR, Hu WH. Potential immunotherapies for traumatic brain and spinal cord injury. Chin J Traumatol 2018; 21:125-136. [PMID: 29759918 PMCID: PMC6033730 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury of the central nervous system (CNS) including brain and spinal cord remains a leading cause of morbidity and disability in the world. Delineating the mechanisms underlying the secondary and persistent injury versus the primary and transient injury has been drawing extensive attention for study during the past few decades. The sterile neuroinflammation during the secondary phase of injury has been frequently identified substrate underlying CNS injury, but as of now, no conclusive studies have determined whether this is a beneficial or detrimental role in the context of repair. Recent pioneering studies have demonstrated the key roles for the innate and adaptive immune responses in regulating sterile neuroinflammation and CNS repair. Some promising immunotherapeutic strategies have been recently developed for the treatment of CNS injury. This review updates the recent progress on elucidating the roles of the innate and adaptive immune responses in the context of CNS injury, the development and characterization of potential immunotherapeutics, as well as outstanding questions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Putatunda
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John R. Bethea
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wen-Hui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Corresponding author.
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16
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Bix GJ, Fraser JF, Mack WJ, Carmichael ST, Perez-Pinzon M, Offner H, Sansing L, Bosetti F, Ayata C, Pennypacker KR. Uncovering the Rosetta Stone: Report from the First Annual Conference on Key Elements in Translating Stroke Therapeutics from Pre-Clinical to Clinical. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 9:258-266. [PMID: 29633156 PMCID: PMC5982459 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The first annual Stroke Translational Research Advancement Workshop (STRAW), entitled “Uncovering the Rosetta Stone: Key Elements in Translating Stroke Therapeutics from Pre-Clinical to Clinical” was held at the University of Kentucky on October 4–5, 2017. This workshop was organized by the Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science. The workshop consisted of 2 days of activities. These included three presentations establishing the areas of research in stroke therapeutics, discussing the routes for translation from bench to bedside, and identifying successes and failures in the field. On day 2, grant funding opportunities and goals for the National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke were presented. In addition, the meeting also included break-out sessions designed to connect researchers in areas of stroke, and to foster potential collaborations. Finally, the meeting concluded with an open discussion among attendees led by a panel of experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Bix
- Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Justin F Fraser
- Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - William J Mack
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - S Thomas Carmichael
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Miguel Perez-Pinzon
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Halina Offner
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Lauren Sansing
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Francesca Bosetti
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Keith R Pennypacker
- Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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17
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Rayasam A, Hsu M, Kijak JA, Kissel L, Hernandez G, Sandor M, Fabry Z. Immune responses in stroke: how the immune system contributes to damage and healing after stroke and how this knowledge could be translated to better cures? Immunology 2018; 154:363-376. [PMID: 29494762 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The long-standing dogma that stroke is exclusively a vascular disease has been questioned by extensive clinical findings of immune factors that are associated mostly with inflammation after stroke. These have been confirmed in preclinical studies using experimental animal models. It is now accepted that inflammation and immune mediators are critical in acute and long-term neuronal tissue damage and healing following thrombotic and ischaemic stroke. Despite mounting information delineating the role of the immune system in stroke, the mechanisms of how inflammatory cells and their mediators are involved in stroke-induced neuroinflammation are still not fully understood. Currently, there is no available treatment for targeting the acute immune response that develops in the brain during cerebral ischaemia. No new treatment has been introduced to stroke therapy since the discovery of tissue plasminogen activator therapy in 1996. Here, we review current knowledge of the immunity of stroke and identify critical gaps that hinder current therapies. We will discuss advances in the understanding of the complex innate and adaptive immune responses in stroke; mechanisms of immune cell-mediated and factor-mediated vascular and tissue injury; immunity-induced tissue repair; and the importance of modulating immunity in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Rayasam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Martin Hsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julie A Kijak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lee Kissel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gianna Hernandez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matyas Sandor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Fabry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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18
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Jiang M, Liu X, Zhang D, Wang Y, Hu X, Xu F, Jin M, Cao F, Xu L. Celastrol treatment protects against acute ischemic stroke-induced brain injury by promoting an IL-33/ST2 axis-mediated microglia/macrophage M2 polarization. J Neuroinflammation 2018. [PMID: 29540209 PMCID: PMC5853059 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the most common type of cerebrovascular disease and is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Recently, a study suggested that transformation of microglia from the pro-inflammatory M1 state to the anti-inflammatory and tissue-reparative M2 phenotype may be an effective therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Celastrol, a traditional oriental medicine, may have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Methods We first determined the expression levels of inflammatory factors in patients and rodent models associated with AIS; we then determined the anti-inflammatory effects of celastrol in AIS, both in vivo and in vitro, using animal models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and cell models of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) treatment with or without celastrol, respectively. Results The results indicated that expression of both inflammatory (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) cytokines, as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-33, and IL-10, were increased following AIS in patients and in animal models. Furthermore, in vitro experiments confirmed that celastrol treatment decreased inflammatory cytokine expression induced by OGD through an IL-33/ST2 axis-mediated M2 microglia/macrophage polarization. Finally, celastrol is protected against ischemic-induced nerve injury, both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions Taken together, these data suggest that celastrol post-treatment reduces ischemic stroke-induced brain damage, suggesting celastrol may represent a novel potent pharmacological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jiang
- Department of neurology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 207 Ju Ye Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Denghai Zhang
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 207 Ju Ye Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 207 Ju Ye Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 207 Ju Ye Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 207 Ju Ye Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 207 Ju Ye Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200135, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fanfan Cao
- Sino-French Cooperative Central Lab, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 207 Ju Ye Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200135, People's Republic of China.
| | - Limin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 207 Ju Ye Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200135, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Yang L, Liu Z, Ren H, Zhang L, Gao S, Ren L, Chai Z, Meza-Romero R, Benedek G, Vandenbark AA, Offner H, Li M. DRα1-MOG-35-55 treatment reduces lesion volumes and improves neurological deficits after traumatic brain injury. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1395-1402. [PMID: 28303450 PMCID: PMC5600636 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-9991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in severe neurological impairments without effective treatments. Inflammation appears to be an important contributor to key pathogenic events such as secondary brain injury following TBI and therefore serves as a promising target for novel therapies. We have recently demonstrated the ability of a molecular construct comprised of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRα1 domain linked covalently to mouse (m)MOG-35-55 peptide (DRα1-MOG-35-55 construct) to reduce CNS inflammation and tissue injury in animal models of multiple sclerosis and ischemic stroke. The aim of the current study was to determine if DRα1-MOG-35-55 treatment of a fluid percussion injury (FPI) mouse model of TBI could reduce the lesion size and improve disease outcome measures. Neurodeficits, lesion size, and immune responses were determined to evaluate the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of neuroprotection induced by DRα1-MOG-35-55 treatment. The results demonstrated that daily injections of DRα1-MOG-35-55 given after FPI significantly reduced numbers of infiltrating CD74+ and CD86+ macrophages and increased numbers of CD206+ microglia in the brain concomitant with smaller lesion sizes and improvement in neurodeficits. Conversely, DRα1-MOG-35-55 treatment of TBI increased numbers of circulating CD11b+ monocytes and their expression of CD74 but had no detectable effect on cell numbers or marker expression in the spleen. These results demonstrate that DRα1-MOG-35-55 therapy can reduce CNS inflammation and significantly improve histological and clinical outcomes after TBI. Future studies will further examine the potential of DRα1-MOG-35-55 for treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Zhijia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Honglei Ren
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Siman Gao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zhi Chai
- "2011"Collaborative Innovation Center/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030619, China
| | - Roberto Meza-Romero
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Tykeson MS Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology UHS-46, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gil Benedek
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Tykeson MS Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology UHS-46, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Arthur A Vandenbark
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Tykeson MS Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology UHS-46, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.
- Tykeson MS Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology UHS-46, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Minshu Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
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20
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Liu Z, Ran Y, Huang S, Wen S, Zhang W, Liu X, Ji Z, Geng X, Ji X, Du H, Leak RK, Hu X. Curcumin Protects against Ischemic Stroke by Titrating Microglia/Macrophage Polarization. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:233. [PMID: 28785217 PMCID: PMC5519528 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the most common type of cerebrovascular disease and is a leading cause of disability and death. Ischemic stroke accounts for approximately 80% of all strokes. The remaining 20% of strokes are hemorrhagic in nature. To date, therapeutic options for acute ischemic stroke are very limited. Recent research suggests that shifting microglial phenotype from the pro-inflammatory M1 state toward the anti-inflammatory and tissue-reparative M2 phenotype may be an effective therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. The dietary phytochemical curcumin has shown promise in experimental stroke models, but its effects on microglial polarization and long-term recovery after stroke are unknown. Here we address these gaps by subjecting mice to distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) and administering curcumin intraperitoneally (150 mg/kg) immediately after ischemia and 24 h later. Histological studies revealed that curcumin post-treatment significantly reduced cerebral ischemic damage 3 days after dMCAO. Sensorimotor functions—as measured by the adhesive removal test and modified Garcia scores—were superior in curcumin-treated mice at 3, 5, 7 and 10 days after stroke. RT-PCR measurements revealed an elevation of M2 microglia/macrophage phenotypic markers and a reduction in M1 markers in curcumin-treated brains 3 days after dMCAO. Immunofluorescent staining further showed that curcumin treatment significantly increased the number of CD206+Iba1+ M2 microglia/macrophages and reduced the number of CD16+Iba1+ M1 cells 10 days after stroke. In vitro studies using the BV2 microglial cell line confirmed that curcumin inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced M1 polarization. Curcumin treatment concentration-dependently reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12p70, in the absence of any toxic effect on microglial cell survival. In conclusion, we demonstrate that curcumin has a profound regulatory effect on microglial responses, promoting M2 microglial polarization and inhibiting microglia-mediated pro-inflammatory responses. Curcumin post-treatment reduces ischemic stroke-induced brain damage and improves functional outcomes, providing new evidence that curcumin might be a promising therapeutic strategy for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjian Liu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Central Laboratory, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ran
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Central Laboratory, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Central Laboratory, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Shaohong Wen
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Wenxiu Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xiangrong Liu
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Xuan Wu Hospital of the Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Zhili Ji
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Xuan Wu Hospital of the Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Huishan Du
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne UniversityPittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, United States
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Zhu J, Wu D, Zhao C, Luo M, Hamdy RC, Chua BHL, Xu X, Miao Z. Exogenous Adipokine Peptide Resistin Protects Against Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2949-2957. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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