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Ersoy U, Altinpinar AE, Kanakis I, Alameddine M, Gioran A, Chondrogianni N, Ozanne SE, Peffers MJ, Jackson MJ, Goljanek-Whysall K, Vasilaki A. Lifelong dietary protein restriction induces denervation and skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 224:457-469. [PMID: 39245354 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
As a widespread global issue, protein deficiency hinders development and optimal growth in offspring. Maternal low-protein diet influences the development of age-related diseases, including sarcopenia, by altering the epigenome and organ structure through potential increase in oxidative stress. However, the long-term effects of lactational protein restriction or postnatal lifelong protein restriction on the neuromuscular system have yet to be elucidated. Our results demonstrated that feeding a normal protein diet after lactational protein restriction did not have significant impacts on the neuromuscular system in later life. In contrast, a lifelong low-protein diet induced a denervation phenotype and led to demyelination in the sciatic nerve, along with an increase in the number of centralised nuclei and in the gene expression of atrogenes at 18 months of age, indicating an induced skeletal muscle atrophy. These changes were accompanied by an increase in proteasome activity in skeletal muscle, with no significant alterations in oxidative stress or mitochondrial dynamics markers in skeletal muscle later in life. Thus, lifelong protein restriction may induce skeletal muscle atrophy through changes in peripheral nerves and neuromuscular junctions, potentially contributing to the early onset or exaggeration of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Ersoy
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Atilla Emre Altinpinar
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Ioannis Kanakis
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Chester Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, UK.
| | - Moussira Alameddine
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Anna Gioran
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.
| | - Niki Chondrogianni
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Mandy Jayne Peffers
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Malcolm J Jackson
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and REMEDI, CMNHS, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Aphrodite Vasilaki
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), The MRC - Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research Into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Wang T, Xu H, Wu S, Guo Y, Zhao G, Wang D. Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of the Green Tea Polyphenol EGCG in Sarcopenia Prevention and Management. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37316469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is prevalent among the older population and severely affects human health. Tea catechins may benefit for skeletal muscle performance and protect against secondary sarcopenia. However, the mechanisms underlying their antisarcopenic effect are still not fully understood. Despite initial successes in animal and early clinical trials regarding the safety and efficacy of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major catechin of green tea, many challenges, problems, and unanswered questions remain. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the potential role and underlying mechanisms of EGCG in sarcopenia prevention and management. We thoroughly review the general biological activities and general effects of EGCG on skeletal muscle performance, EGCG's antisarcopenic mechanisms, and recent clinical evidence of the aforesaid effects and mechanisms. We also address safety issues and provide directions for future studies. The possible concerted actions of EGCG indicate the need for further studies on sarcopenia prevention and management in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Guo
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangshan Zhao
- College of Food Science & Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 450002 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
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Triolo M, Bhattacharya D, Hood DA. Denervation induces mitochondrial decline and exacerbates lysosome dysfunction in middle-aged mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8900-8913. [PMID: 36342767 PMCID: PMC9740366 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
With age, skeletal muscle undergoes a progressive decline in size and quality. Imbalanced mitochondrial turnover and the resultant dysfunction contribute to these phenotypic alterations. Motor neuron denervation (Den) is a contributor to the etiology of muscle atrophy associated with age. Further, aged muscle exhibits reduced plasticity to both enhanced and suppressed contractile activity. It remains unclear when the onset of this blunted response occurs, and how middle-aged muscle adapts to denervation. The purpose of this study was to compare mitochondrial turnover pathways in young (Y, ~5months) and middle-aged (MA, ~15months) mice, and determine the influence of Den. Transgenic mt-Keima mice were subjected to 1,3 or 7 days of Den. Muscle mass, mitochondrial content, and PGC-1α protein were not different between Y and MA mice. However, indications of enhanced mitochondrial fission and mitophagy were evident in MA muscle which were supported by a greater abundance of lysosome proteins. Den resulted in muscle atrophy and reductions in mitochondrial protein content by 7-days. These changes occurred concomitant with modest decreases in PGC-1α protein, but without further elevations in mitophagy. Although both autophagosomal and lysosomal proteins were elevated, evidence of lysosome dysfunction was present following Den in MA mice. These data suggest that increases in fission drive an acceleration of mitophagy in muscle of MA mice to preserve mitochondrial quality. Den exacerbates the aging phenotype by reducing biogenesis in the absence of a change in mitophagy, perhaps limited by lysosomal capacity, leading to an accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria with an age-related loss of neuromuscular innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Triolo
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Debasmita Bhattacharya
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - David A. Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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Vainshtein A, Sandri M. Signaling Pathways That Control Muscle Mass. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134759. [PMID: 32635462 PMCID: PMC7369702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of skeletal muscle mass under a wide range of acute and chronic maladies is associated with poor prognosis, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Decades of research indicate the importance of skeletal muscle for whole body metabolism, glucose homeostasis, as well as overall health and wellbeing. This tissue’s remarkable ability to rapidly and effectively adapt to changing environmental cues is a double-edged sword. Physiological adaptations that are beneficial throughout life become maladaptive during atrophic conditions. The atrophic program can be activated by mechanical, oxidative, and energetic distress, and is influenced by the availability of nutrients, growth factors, and cytokines. Largely governed by a transcription-dependent mechanism, this program impinges on multiple protein networks including various organelles as well as biosynthetic and quality control systems. Although modulating muscle function to prevent and treat disease is an enticing concept that has intrigued research teams for decades, a lack of thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that control muscle mass, in addition to poor transferability of findings from rodents to humans, has obstructed efforts to develop effective treatments. Here, we review the progress made in unraveling the molecular mechanisms responsible for the regulation of muscle mass, as this continues to be an intensive area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Sandri
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129 Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, via G. Colombo 3, 35100 Padua, Italy
- Myology Center, University of Padua, via G. Colombo 3, 35100 Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Deval C, Calonne J, Coudy-Gandilhon C, Vazeille E, Bechet D, Polge C, Taillandier D, Attaix D, Combaret L. Mitophagy and Mitochondria Biogenesis Are Differentially Induced in Rat Skeletal Muscles during Immobilization and/or Remobilization. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103691. [PMID: 32456262 PMCID: PMC7279154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria alterations are a classical feature of muscle immobilization, and autophagy is required for the elimination of deficient mitochondria (mitophagy) and the maintenance of muscle mass. We focused on the regulation of mitochondrial quality control during immobilization and remobilization in rat gastrocnemius (GA) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles, which have very different atrophy and recovery kinetics. We studied mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamic, movement along microtubules, and addressing to autophagy. Our data indicated that mitochondria quality control adapted differently to immobilization and remobilization in GA and TA muscles. Data showed i) a disruption of mitochondria dynamic that occurred earlier in the immobilized TA, ii) an overriding role of mitophagy that involved Parkin-dependent and/or independent processes during immobilization in the GA and during remobilization in the TA, and iii) increased mitochondria biogenesis during remobilization in both muscles. This strongly emphasized the need to consider several muscle groups to study the mechanisms involved in muscle atrophy and their ability to recover, in order to provide broad and/or specific clues for the development of strategies to maintain muscle mass and improve the health and quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Deval
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.D.); (C.C.-G.); (D.B.); (C.P.); (D.T.); (D.A.)
| | - Julie Calonne
- Department of Medicine, Université de Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
| | - Cécile Coudy-Gandilhon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.D.); (C.C.-G.); (D.B.); (C.P.); (D.T.); (D.A.)
| | - Emilie Vazeille
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Daniel Bechet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.D.); (C.C.-G.); (D.B.); (C.P.); (D.T.); (D.A.)
| | - Cécile Polge
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.D.); (C.C.-G.); (D.B.); (C.P.); (D.T.); (D.A.)
| | - Daniel Taillandier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.D.); (C.C.-G.); (D.B.); (C.P.); (D.T.); (D.A.)
| | - Didier Attaix
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.D.); (C.C.-G.); (D.B.); (C.P.); (D.T.); (D.A.)
| | - Lydie Combaret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (C.D.); (C.C.-G.); (D.B.); (C.P.); (D.T.); (D.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-73-62-48-24; Fax: +33-4-73-62-47-55
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Kalvala AK, Khan I, Gundu C, Kumar A. An Overview on ATP Dependent and Independent Proteases Including an Anterograde to Retrograde Control on Mitochondrial Function; Focus on Diabetes and Diabetic Complications. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2584-2594. [PMID: 31317835 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190718153901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the central power stations of the cell involved with a myriad of cell signalling pathways that contribute for whole health status of the cell. It is a well known fact that not only mitochondrial genome encodes for mitochondrial proteins but there are several other mitochondrial specific proteins encoded by nuclear genome which regulate plethora of cell catabolic and anabolic process. Anterograde pathways include nuclear gene encoded proteins and their specific transport into the mitochondria and regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. The retrograde pathways include crosstalk between the mitochondria and cytoplasmic proteins. Indeed, ATP dependent and independent proteases are identified to be very critical in balancing anterograde to retrograde signalling and vice versa to maintain the cell viability or cell death. Different experimental studies conducted on silencing the genes of these proteases have shown embryonic lethality, cancer cells death, increased hepatic glucose output, insulin tolerance, increased protein exclusion bodies, mitochondrial dysfunction, and defect in mitochondrial biogenesis, increased inflammation, Apoptosis etc. These experimental studies included from eubacteria to eukaryotes. Hence, many lines of theories proposed these proteases are conservative from eubacteria to eukaryotes. However, the regulation of these proteases at gene level is not clearly understood and still research is warranted. In this review, we articulated the origin and regulation of these proteases and the cross talk between the nucleus and mitochondria vice versa, and highlighted the role of these proteases in diabetes and diabetic complications in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Kalvala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, India
| | - Islauddin Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, India
| | - Chayanika Gundu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Bala Nagar, India
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate confers protection against corticosterone-induced neuron injuries via restoring extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathways. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192083. [PMID: 29373584 PMCID: PMC5786317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive studies suggested epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has significant neuroprotection against multiple central neural injuries, but the underlying mechanisms still remain poorly elucidated. Here we provide evidence to support the possible involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/ protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathways in EGCG-mediated protection against corticosterone-induced neuron injuries. As an essential stress hormone, corticosterone could induce obvious neurotoxicity in primary hippocampal neurons. Pre-treatment with EGCG ameliorated the corticosterone-induced neuronal injuries; however, it was blocked by pharmacological inhibitors for ERK1/2 (U0126) and PI3K/AKT (LY294002). Furthermore, the results confirmed that EGCG restored the corticosterone-induced decrease of ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT phosphorylation, and attenuated the corticosterone-induced reduction of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) expression and ATP production. Taken together, these findings indicated that EGCG has significant neuroprotection against corticosterone-induced neuron injuries partly via restoring the ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways as well as the PGC-1α-mediated ATP production.
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Bota DA, Davies KJA. Mitochondrial Lon protease in human disease and aging: Including an etiologic classification of Lon-related diseases and disorders. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:188-198. [PMID: 27387767 PMCID: PMC5183306 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Mitochondrial Lon protease, also called LonP1 is a product of the nuclear gene LONP1. Lon is a major regulator of mitochondrial metabolism and response to free radical damage, as well as an essential factor for the maintenance and repair of mitochondrial DNA. Lon is an ATP-stimulated protease that cycles between being bound (at the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane) to the mitochondrial genome, and being released into the mitochondrial matrix where it can degrade matrix proteins. At least three different roles or functions have been ascribed to Lon: 1) Proteolytic digestion of oxidized proteins and the turnover of specific essential mitochondrial enzymes such as aconitase, TFAM, and StAR; 2) Mitochondrial (mt)DNA-binding protein, involved in mtDNA replication and mitogenesis; and 3) Protein chaperone, interacting with the Hsp60-mtHsp70 complex. LONP1 orthologs have been studied in bacteria, yeast, flies, worms, and mammals, evincing the widespread importance of the gene, as well as its remarkable evolutionary conservation. In recent years, we have witnessed a significant increase in knowledge regarding Lon's involvement in physiological functions, as well as in an expanding array of human disorders, including cancer, neurodegeneration, heart disease, and stroke. In addition, Lon appears to have a significant role in the aging process. A number of mitochondrial diseases have now been identified whose mechanisms involve various degrees of Lon dysfunction. In this paper we review current knowledge of Lon's function, under normal conditions, and we propose a new classification of human diseases characterized by a either over-expression or decline or loss of function of Lon. Lon has also been implicated in human aging, and we review the data currently available as well as speculating about possible interactions of aging and disease. Finally, we also discuss Lon as potential therapeutic target in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Bota
- Department of Neurology and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Irvine School of Medicine, 200 S. Manchester Ave., Suite 206, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, & Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
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9
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Unravelling the mechanisms regulating muscle mitochondrial biogenesis. Biochem J 2016; 473:2295-314. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a tissue with a low mitochondrial content under basal conditions, but it is responsive to acute increases in contractile activity patterns (i.e. exercise) which initiate the signalling of a compensatory response, leading to the biogenesis of mitochondria and improved organelle function. Exercise also promotes the degradation of poorly functioning mitochondria (i.e. mitophagy), thereby accelerating mitochondrial turnover, and preserving a pool of healthy organelles. In contrast, muscle disuse, as well as the aging process, are associated with reduced mitochondrial quality and quantity in muscle. This has strong negative implications for whole-body metabolic health and the preservation of muscle mass. A number of traditional, as well as novel regulatory pathways exist in muscle that control both biogenesis and mitophagy. Interestingly, although the ablation of single regulatory transcription factors within these pathways often leads to a reduction in the basal mitochondrial content of muscle, this can invariably be overcome with exercise, signifying that exercise activates a multitude of pathways which can respond to restore mitochondrial health. This knowledge, along with growing realization that pharmacological agents can also promote mitochondrial health independently of exercise, leads to an optimistic outlook in which the maintenance of mitochondrial and whole-body metabolic health can be achieved by taking advantage of the broad benefits of exercise, along with the potential specificity of drug action.
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The polyphenols resveratrol and epigallocatechin-3-gallate restore the severe impairment of mitochondria in hippocampal progenitor cells from a Down syndrome mouse model. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1093-104. [PMID: 26964795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions critically impair nervous system development and are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of various neurodevelopmental disorders, including Down syndrome (DS), the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. Previous studies from our group demonstrated impaired mitochondrial activity in peripheral cells from DS subjects and the efficacy of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) - a natural polyphenol major component of green tea - to counteract the mitochondrial energy deficit. In this study, to gain insight into the possible role of mitochondria in DS intellectual disability, mitochondrial functions were analyzed in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) isolated from the hippocampus of Ts65Dn mice, a widely used model of DS which recapitulates many major brain structural and functional phenotypes of the syndrome, including impaired hippocampal neurogenesis. We found that, during NPC proliferation, mitochondrial bioenergetics and mitochondrial biogenic program were strongly compromised in Ts65Dn cells, but not associated with free radical accumulation. These data point to a central role of mitochondrial dysfunction as an inherent feature of DS and not as a consequence of cell oxidative stress. Further, we disclose that, besides EGCG, also the natural polyphenol resveratrol, which displays a neuroprotective action in various human diseases but never tested in DS, restores oxidative phosphorylation efficiency and mitochondrial biogenesis, and improves proliferation of NPCs. These effects were associated with the activation of PGC-1α/Sirt1/AMPK axis by both polyphenols. This research paves the way for using nutraceuticals as a potential therapeutic tool in preventing or managing some energy deficit-associated DS clinical manifestations.
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Mukai R, Matsui N, Fujikura Y, Matsumoto N, Hou DX, Kanzaki N, Shibata H, Horikawa M, Iwasa K, Hirasaka K, Nikawa T, Terao J. Preventive effect of dietary quercetin on disuse muscle atrophy by targeting mitochondria in denervated mice. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 31:67-76. [PMID: 27133425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin is a major dietary flavonoid in fruits and vegetables. We aimed to clarify the preventive effect of dietary quercetin on disuse muscle atrophy and the underlying mechanisms. We established a mouse denervation model by cutting the sciatic nerve in the right leg (SNX surgery) to lack of mobilization in hind-limb. Preintake of a quercetin-mixed diet for 14days before SNX surgery prevented loss of muscle mass and atrophy of muscle fibers in the gastrocnemius muscle (GM). Phosphorylation of Akt, a key phosphorylation pathway of suppression of protein degradation, was activated in the quercetin-mixed diet group with and without SNX surgery. Intake of a quercetin-mixed diet suppressed the generation of hydrogen peroxide originating from mitochondria and elevated mitochondrial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α mRNA expression as well as NADH dehydrogenase 4 expression in the GM with SNX surgery. Quercetin and its conjugated metabolites reduced hydrogen peroxide production in the mitochondrial fraction obtained from atrophied muscle. In C2C12 myotubes, quercetin reached the mitochondrial fraction. These findings suggest that dietary quercetin can prevent disuse muscle atrophy by targeting mitochondria in skeletal muscle tissue through protecting mitochondria from decreased biogenesis and reducing mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide release, which can be related to decreased hydrogen peroxide production and/or improvements on antioxidant capacity of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Mukai
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramotocho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Naoko Matsui
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramotocho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yutaka Fujikura
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramotocho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Norifumi Matsumoto
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-12-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - De-Xing Hou
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-12-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kanzaki
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd, 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Oksaka, 618-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shibata
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd, 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Oksaka, 618-8503, Japan
| | - Manabu Horikawa
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences
| | - Keiko Iwasa
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center, 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Oksaka, 618-8503, Japan
| | - Katsuya Hirasaka
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nikawa
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramotocho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Junji Terao
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramotocho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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Tryon LD, Vainshtein A, Memme J, Crilly MJ, Hood DA. WITHDRAWN: Relationship between the regulation of muscle atrophy and mitochondrial turnover during chronic disuse. Integr Med Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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13
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Friedrich O, Reid MB, Van den Berghe G, Vanhorebeek I, Hermans G, Rich MM, Larsson L. The Sick and the Weak: Neuropathies/Myopathies in the Critically Ill. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:1025-109. [PMID: 26133937 PMCID: PMC4491544 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical illness polyneuropathies (CIP) and myopathies (CIM) are common complications of critical illness. Several weakness syndromes are summarized under the term intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW). We propose a classification of different ICUAW forms (CIM, CIP, sepsis-induced, steroid-denervation myopathy) and pathophysiological mechanisms from clinical and animal model data. Triggers include sepsis, mechanical ventilation, muscle unloading, steroid treatment, or denervation. Some ICUAW forms require stringent diagnostic features; CIM is marked by membrane hypoexcitability, severe atrophy, preferential myosin loss, ultrastructural alterations, and inadequate autophagy activation while myopathies in pure sepsis do not reproduce marked myosin loss. Reduced membrane excitability results from depolarization and ion channel dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to energy-dependent processes. Ubiquitin proteasome and calpain activation trigger muscle proteolysis and atrophy while protein synthesis is impaired. Myosin loss is more pronounced than actin loss in CIM. Protein quality control is altered by inadequate autophagy. Ca(2+) dysregulation is present through altered Ca(2+) homeostasis. We highlight clinical hallmarks, trigger factors, and potential mechanisms from human studies and animal models that allow separation of risk factors that may trigger distinct mechanisms contributing to weakness. During critical illness, altered inflammatory (cytokines) and metabolic pathways deteriorate muscle function. ICUAW prevention/treatment is limited, e.g., tight glycemic control, delaying nutrition, and early mobilization. Future challenges include identification of primary/secondary events during the time course of critical illness, the interplay between membrane excitability, bioenergetic failure and differential proteolysis, and finding new therapeutic targets by help of tailored animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M B Reid
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Van den Berghe
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Vanhorebeek
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Hermans
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M M Rich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Larsson
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Constitutive activities of estrogen-related receptors: Transcriptional regulation of metabolism by the ERR pathways in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1912-27. [PMID: 26115970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) comprise a small group of orphan nuclear receptor transcription factors. The ERRα and ERRγ isoforms play a central role in the regulation of metabolic genes and cellular energy metabolism. Although less is known about ERRβ, recent studies have revealed the importance of this isoform in the maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Thus, ERRs are essential to many biological processes. The development of several ERR knockout and overexpression models and the application of advanced functional genomics have allowed rapid advancement of our understanding of the physiology regulated by ERR pathways. Moreover, it has enabled us to begin to delineate the distinct programs regulated by ERRα and ERRγ that have overlapping effects on metabolism and growth. The current review primarily focuses on the physiologic roles of ERR isoforms related to their metabolic regulation; therefore, the ERRα and ERRγ are discussed in the greatest detail. We emphasize findings from gain- and loss-of-function models developed to characterize ERR control of skeletal muscle, heart and musculoskeletal physiology. These models have revealed that coordinating metabolic capacity with energy demand is essential for seemingly disparate processes such as muscle differentiation and hypertrophy, innate immune function, thermogenesis, and bone remodeling. Furthermore, the models have revealed that ERRα- and ERRγ-deficiency in mice accelerates progression of pathologic processes and implicates ERRs as etiologic factors in disease. We highlight the human diseases in which ERRs and their downstream metabolic pathways are perturbed, including heart failure and diabetes. While no natural ligand has been identified for any of the ERR isoforms, the potential for using synthetic small molecules to modulate their activity has been demonstrated. Based on our current understanding of their transcriptional mechanisms and physiologic relevance, the ERRs have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for treatment of osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, insulin resistance and heart failure in humans.
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15
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Tryon LD, Crilly MJ, Hood DA. Effect of denervation on the regulation of mitochondrial transcription factor A expression in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C228-38. [PMID: 26063705 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00266.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine how the expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), a protein that governs mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription and replication, is regulated during a state of reduced organelle content imposed by muscle disuse. We measured Tfam expression at 8 h, 16 h, 24 h, 3 days, or 7 days following denervation and hypothesized that decreases in Tfam expression would precede mitochondrial loss. Muscle mass was lowered by 13% and 38% at 3 and 7 days postdenervation, while cytochrome c oxidase activity fell by 33% and 39% at the same time points. Tfam promoter activation in vivo was reduced by 30-65% between 8 h and 3 days of denervation, while Tfam transcript half-life was increased following 8-24 h of denervation. Protein expression of RNA-binding proteins that promote mRNA degradation (CUG repeat-binding protein and K homology splicing regulator protein) was elevated at 3 and 7 days of denervation. Tfam localization within subsarcolemmal mitochondria was reduced after 3 and 7 days of denervation and was associated with suppression of the cytochrome c oxidase type I transcript at 3 days, indicating that denervation impairs both mitochondrial Tfam import and mtDNA transcription during an early period following denervation. These data suggest that putative signals downregulate Tfam transcription during the earliest stages following denervation but are counteracted by increases in Tfam mRNA stability. Import of Tfam into the mitochondrion seems to be the most critical point of regulation of this protein during the early onset of denervation, an impairment of which is coincident with the loss of mitochondria during muscle disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam D Tryon
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew J Crilly
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Callahan ZJ, Oxendine M, Wheatley JL, Menke C, Cassell EA, Bartos A, Geiger PC, Schaeffer PJ. Compensatory responses of the insulin signaling pathway restore muscle glucose uptake following long-term denervation. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/4/e12359. [PMID: 25896980 PMCID: PMC4425965 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of muscle activity in maintaining normal glucose homeostasis via transection of the sciatic nerve, an extreme model of disuse atrophy. Mice were killed 3, 10, 28, or 56 days after transection or sham surgery. There was no difference in muscle weight between sham and transected limbs at 3 days post surgery, but it was significantly lower following transection at the other three time points. Transected muscle weight stabilized by 28 days post surgery with no further loss. Myocellular cross-sectional area was significantly smaller at 10, 28, and 56 days post transection surgery. Additionally, muscle fibrosis area was significantly greater at 56 days post transection. In transected muscle there was reduced expression of genes encoding transcriptional regulators of metabolism (PPARα, PGC-1α, PGC-1β, PPARδ), a glycolytic enzyme (PFK), a fatty acid transporter (M-CPT 1), and an enzyme of mitochondrial oxidation (CS) with transection. In denervated muscle, glucose uptake was significantly lower at 3 days but was greater at 56 days under basal and insulin-stimulated conditions. Although GLUT 4 mRNA was significantly lower at all time points in transected muscle, Western blot analysis showed greater expression of GLUT4 at 28 and 56 days post surgery. GLUT1 mRNA was unchanged; however, GLUT1 protein expression was also greater in transected muscles. Surgery led to significantly higher protein expression for Akt2 as well as higher phosphorylation of Akt. While denervation may initially lead to reduced glucose sensitivity, compensatory responses of insulin signaling appeared to restore and improve glucose uptake in long-term-transected muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joshua L Wheatley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Chelsea Menke
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
| | | | - Amanda Bartos
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
| | - Paige C Geiger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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17
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Zorzano A, Hernández-Alvarez MI, Sebastián D, Muñoz JP. Mitofusin 2 as a driver that controls energy metabolism and insulin signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1020-31. [PMID: 25567790 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondrial dynamics is a complex process that impacts on mitochondrial biology. RECENT ADVANCES Recent evidence indicates that proteins participating in mitochondrial dynamics have additional cellular roles. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is a potent modulator of mitochondrial metabolism with an impact on energy metabolism in muscle, liver, and hypothalamic neurons. In addition, Mfn2 is subjected to tight regulation. Hence, factors such as proinflammatory cytokines, lipid availability, or glucocorticoids block its expression, whereas exercise and increased energy expenditure promote its upregulation. CRITICAL ISSUES Importantly, Mfn2 controls cell metabolism and insulin signaling by limiting reactive oxygen species production and by modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress. In this connection, it is critical to understand precisely the molecular mechanisms involved in the global actions of Mfn2. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future directions should concentrate into the analysis of those mechanisms, and to fully demonstrate that Mfn2 represents a cellular hub that senses the metabolic and hormonal milieu and drives the control of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Zorzano
- 1 Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) , Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Picard M, Azuelos I, Jung B, Giordano C, Matecki S, Hussain S, White K, Li T, Liang F, Benedetti A, Gentil BJ, Burelle Y, Petrof BJ. Mechanical ventilation triggers abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and morphology in the diaphragm. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:1161-71. [PMID: 25767033 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00873.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The diaphragm is a unique skeletal muscle designed to be rhythmically active throughout life, such that its sustained inactivation by the medical intervention of mechanical ventilation (MV) represents an unanticipated physiological state in evolutionary terms. Within a short period after initiating MV, the diaphragm develops muscle atrophy, damage, and diminished strength, and many of these features appear to arise from mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, in response to metabolic perturbations, mitochondria fuse, divide, and interact with neighboring organelles to remodel their shape and functional properties-a process collectively known as mitochondrial dynamics. Using a quantitative electron microscopy approach, here we show that diaphragm contractile inactivity induced by 6 h of MV in mice leads to fragmentation of intermyofibrillar (IMF) but not subsarcolemmal (SS) mitochondria. Furthermore, physical interactions between adjacent organellar membranes were less abundant in IMF mitochondria during MV. The profusion proteins Mfn2 and OPA1 were unchanged, whereas abundance and activation status of the profission protein Drp1 were increased in the diaphragm following MV. Overall, our results suggest that mitochondrial morphological abnormalities characterized by excessive fission-fragmentation represent early events during MV, which could potentially contribute to the rapid onset of mitochondrial dysfunction, maladaptive signaling, and associated contractile dysfunction of the diaphragm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ilan Azuelos
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Critical Care and Respiratory Divisions, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Boris Jung
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Critical Care Medicine and Anesthesiology, Saint Eloi Teaching Hospital, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1046), Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Giordano
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stefan Matecki
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Anesthesiology, Saint Eloi Teaching Hospital, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U-1046), Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Sabah Hussain
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Critical Care and Respiratory Divisions, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kathryn White
- EM Research Services, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Tong Li
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Feng Liang
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoit J Gentil
- Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery and Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Yan Burelle
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Basil J Petrof
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Critical Care and Respiratory Divisions, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;
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19
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Recent advances in mitochondrial turnover during chronic muscle disuse. Integr Med Res 2014; 3:161-171. [PMID: 28664093 PMCID: PMC5481769 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic muscle disuse, such as that resulting from immobilization, denervation, or prolonged physical inactivity, produces atrophy and a loss of mitochondria, yet the molecular relationship between these events is not fully understood. In this review we attempt to identify the key regulatory steps mediating the loss of muscle mass and the decline in mitochondrial content and function. An understanding of common intracellular signaling pathways may provide much-needed insight into the possible therapeutic targets for treatments that will maintain aerobic energy metabolism and preserve muscle mass during disuse conditions.
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20
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Liu J, Peng Y, Feng Z, Shi W, Qu L, Li Y, Liu J, Long J. Reloading functionally ameliorates disuse-induced muscle atrophy by reversing mitochondrial dysfunction, and similar benefits are gained by administering a combination of mitochondrial nutrients. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69:116-28. [PMID: 24418157 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in disuse-induced muscle atrophy. However, the mitochondrial remodeling that occurs during reloading, an effective approach for rescuing unloading-induced atrophy, remains to be investigated. In this study, using a rat model of 3-week hindlimb unloading plus 7-day reloading, we found that reloading protected mitochondria against dysfunction, including mitochondrial loss, abnormal mitochondrial morphology, inhibited biogenesis, and activation of mitochondria-associated apoptotic signaling. Interestingly, a combination of nutrients, including α-lipoic acid, acetyl-L-carnitine, hydroxytyrosol, and CoQ10, which we designed to target mitochondria, was able to efficiently rescue muscle atrophy via a reloading-like action. It is suggested that reloading ameliorates skeletal muscle atrophy through the activation of mitochondrial biogenesis and the amelioration of oxidative stress. Nutrient administration acted similarly in unloaded rats. Here, the study of mitochondrial remodeling in rats during unloading and reloading provides a more detailed picture of the pathology of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Life Science, FIST, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Life Science, FIST, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Life Science, FIST, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Life Science, FIST, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lina Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Life Science, FIST, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 300381, China.
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Life Science, FIST, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Remels AHV, Pansters NA, Gosker HR, Schols AMWJ, Langen RCJ. Activation of alternative NF-κB signaling during recovery of disuse-induced loss of muscle oxidative phenotype. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E615-26. [PMID: 24425759 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00452.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity-induced loss of skeletal muscle oxidative phenotype (OXPHEN), often observed in chronic disease, adversely affects physical functioning and quality of life. Potential therapeutic targets remain to be identified, since the molecular mechanisms involved in reloading-induced recovery of muscle OXPHEN remain incompletely understood. We hypothesized a role for alternative NF-κB, as a recently identified positive regulator of muscle OXPHEN, in reloading-induced alterations in muscle OXPHEN. Markers and regulators (including alternative NF-κB signaling) of muscle OXPHEN were investigated in gastrocnemius muscle of mice subjected to a hindlimb suspension/reloading (HLS/RL) protocol. Expression levels of oxidative phosphorylation subunits and slow myosin heavy chain isoforms I and IIA increased rapidly upon RL. After an initial decrease upon HLS, mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ coactivator (PGC) molecules PGC-1α and PGC-1β and mRNA levels of mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) and estrogen-related receptor α increased upon RL. PPAR-δ, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), NRF-2α, and sirtuin 1 mRNA levels increased during RL although expression levels were unaltered upon HLS. In addition, both Tfam and NRF-1 protein levels increased significantly during the RL period. Moreover, upon RL, IKK-α mRNA and protein levels increased, and phosphorylation of P100 and subsequent processing to P52 were elevated, reflecting alternative NF-κB activation. We conclude that RL-induced recovery of muscle OXPHEN is associated with activation of alternative NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H V Remels
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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22
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Iqbal S, Ostojic O, Singh K, Joseph AM, Hood DA. Expression of mitochondrial fission and fusion regulatory proteins in skeletal muscle during chronic use and disuse. Muscle Nerve 2014; 48:963-70. [PMID: 23494933 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mitochondrial network within cells is mediated by fission and fusion processes. METHODS We investigated the expression of the proteins responsible for these events during conditions of altered oxidative capacity. RESULTS With chronic contractile activity, the mitochondrial reticulum increased in size, along with concomitant increases in the fusion proteins Opa1 and Mfn2 (by 36% and 53%; P < 0.05). When we induced muscle disuse through denervation for 7 days, fragmented mitochondria were observed, along with significant decreases in the expression of Mfn2 and Opa1 (by 84% and 70%). To assess the effects of aging on mitochondrial morphology, young (5 month) and aged (35 month) Fisher 344 Brown Norway rats were used. Aged animals also possessed smaller mitochondria and displayed increased levels of fission proteins. CONCLUSIONS Chronic muscle use increases the ratio of fusion:fission proteins, leading to reticular mitochondria, whereas muscle disuse and aging result in a decrease in this ratio, culminating in fragmented organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Iqbal
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, and the Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
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23
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Specialization of mitochondrial and vascular oxidant modulated VEGFR in the denervated skeletal muscle. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2106-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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24
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Rai M, Nongthomba U. Effect of myonuclear number and mitochondrial fusion on Drosophila indirect flight muscle organization and size. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2566-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Calvani R, Joseph AM, Adhihetty PJ, Miccheli A, Bossola M, Leeuwenburgh C, Bernabei R, Marzetti E. Mitochondrial pathways in sarcopenia of aging and disuse muscle atrophy. Biol Chem 2013; 394:393-414. [PMID: 23154422 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2012-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Muscle loss during aging and disuse is a highly prevalent and disabling condition, but knowledge about cellular pathways mediating muscle atrophy is still limited. Given the postmitotic nature of skeletal myocytes, the maintenance of cellular homeostasis relies on the efficiency of cellular quality control mechanisms. In this scenario, alterations in mitochondrial function are considered a major factor underlying sarcopenia and muscle atrophy. Damaged mitochondria are not only less bioenergetically efficient, but also generate increased amounts of reactive oxygen species, interfere with cellular quality control mechanisms, and display a greater propensity to trigger apoptosis. Thus, mitochondria stand at the crossroad of signaling pathways that regulate skeletal myocyte function and viability. Studies on these pathways have sometimes provided unexpected and counterintuitive results, which suggests that they are organized into a complex, heterarchical network that is currently insufficiently understood. Untangling the complexity of such a network will likely provide clinicians with novel and highly effective therapeutics to counter the muscle loss associated with aging and disuse. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms whereby mitochondrial dysfunction intervenes in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and disuse atrophy, and highlight the prospect of targeting specific processes to treat these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Calvani
- Institute of Crystallography, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Bari 70126, Italy
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Marzetti E, Calvani R, Cesari M, Buford TW, Lorenzi M, Behnke BJ, Leeuwenburgh C. Mitochondrial dysfunction and sarcopenia of aging: from signaling pathways to clinical trials. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2288-301. [PMID: 23845738 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and function, imposes a dramatic burden on individuals and society. The development of preventive and therapeutic strategies against sarcopenia is therefore perceived as an urgent need by health professionals and has instigated intensive research on the pathophysiology of this syndrome. The pathogenesis of sarcopenia is multifaceted and encompasses lifestyle habits, systemic factors (e.g., chronic inflammation and hormonal alterations), local environment perturbations (e.g., vascular dysfunction), and intramuscular specific processes. In this scenario, derangements in skeletal myocyte mitochondrial function are recognized as major factors contributing to the age-dependent muscle degeneration. In this review, we summarize prominent findings and controversial issues on the contribution of specific mitochondrial processes - including oxidative stress, quality control mechanisms and apoptotic signaling - on the development of sarcopenia. Extramuscular alterations accompanying the aging process with a potential impact on myocyte mitochondrial function are also discussed. We conclude with presenting methodological and safety considerations for the design of clinical trials targeting mitochondrial dysfunction to treat sarcopenia. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of monitoring the effects of an intervention on muscle mitochondrial function and identifying the optimal target population for the trial. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Molecular basis of muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Rome 00168, Italy.
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Wang D, Wang J, Bonamy GMC, Meeusen S, Brusch RG, Turk C, Yang P, Schultz PG. A small molecule promotes mitochondrial fusion in mammalian cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9302-5. [PMID: 22907892 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danling Wang
- Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Wang D, Wang J, Bonamy GMC, Meeusen S, Brusch RG, Turk C, Yang P, Schultz PG. A Small Molecule Promotes Mitochondrial Fusion in Mammalian Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Molecular mechanisms for age-associated mitochondrial deficiency in skeletal muscle. J Aging Res 2012; 2012:768304. [PMID: 22548174 PMCID: PMC3324903 DOI: 10.1155/2012/768304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The abundance, morphology, and functional properties of mitochondria decay in skeletal muscle during the process of ageing. Although the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated, these mechanisms include decreased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) repair and mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitochondria possess their own protection system to repair mtDNA damage, which leads to defects of mtDNA-encoded gene expression and respiratory chain complex enzymes. However, mtDNA mutations have shown to be accumulated with age in skeletal muscle. When damaged mitochondria are eliminated by autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis plays an important role in sustaining energy production and physiological homeostasis. The capacity for mitochondrial biogenesis has shown to decrease with age in skeletal muscle, contributing to progressive mitochondrial deficiency. Understanding how these endogenous systems adapt to altered physiological conditions during the process of ageing will provide a valuable insight into the underlying mechanisms that regulate cellular homeostasis. Here we will summarize the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms responsible for age-associated mitochondrial deficiency in skeletal muscle. In particular, recent findings on the role of mtDNA repair and mitochondrial biogenesis in maintaining mitochondrial functionality in aged skeletal muscle will be highlighted.
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Goodman CA, Mayhew DL, Hornberger TA. Recent progress toward understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate skeletal muscle mass. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1896-906. [PMID: 21821120 PMCID: PMC3744211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of muscle mass is critical for health and issues associated with the quality of life. Over the last decade, extensive progress has been made with regard to our understanding of the molecules that regulate skeletal muscle mass. Not surprisingly, many of these molecules are intimately involved in the regulation of protein synthesis and protein degradation [e.g. the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B), eukaryotic initiation factor 3f (eIF3f) and the forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors]. It is also becoming apparent that molecules which sense, or control, the energetic status of the cell play a key role in the regulation of muscle mass [e.g. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 α (PGC1α)]. In this review we will attempt to summarize the current knowledge of how these molecules regulate skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Goodman
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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31
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Scarpulla RC. Nucleus-encoded regulators of mitochondrial function: integration of respiratory chain expression, nutrient sensing and metabolic stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2011; 1819:1088-97. [PMID: 22080153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleus-encoded regulatory factors are major contributors to mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Several act within the organelle to regulate mitochondrial transcription and translation while others direct the expression of nuclear genes encoding the respiratory chain and other oxidative functions. Loss-of-function studies for many of these factors reveal a wide spectrum of phenotypes. These range from embryonic lethality and severe respiratory chain deficiency to relatively mild mitochondrial defects seen only under conditions of physiological stress. The PGC-1 family of regulated coactivators (PGC-1α, PGC-1β and PRC) plays an important integrative role through their interactions with transcription factors (NRF-1, NRF-2, ERRα, CREB, YY1 and others) that control respiratory gene expression. In addition, recent evidence suggests that PGC-1 coactivators may balance the cellular response to oxidant stress by promoting a pro-oxidant environment or by orchestrating an inflammatory response to severe metabolic stress. These pathways may serve as essential links between the energy generating functions of mitochondria and the cellular REDOX environment associated with longevity, senescence and disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Gene Expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Scarpulla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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