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Ul Mudassir B, Agha Z. Novel and known minor alleles of CNTNAP2 gene variants are associated with comorbidity of intellectual disability and epilepsy phenotypes: a case-control association study reveals potential biomarkers. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:276. [PMID: 38315301 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental disorders are heterogeneous due to underlying multiple shared genetic pathways and risk factors. Intellectual disability, epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder phenotypes overlap which indicates the diverse effects of common genes. Recent studies suggested the probable contribution of CNTNAP2 gene polymorphisms to the comorbidity of these neurological conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS This study was conducted to investigate the role of CNTNAP2 polymorphisms rs147815978 (G>T) and rs2710102 (A>G) as a risk factor for comorbidity of intellectual disability and epilepsy in a group of 345 individuals including 170 patients and 175 healthy controls recruited from various ethnic groups of Pakistani population. Our case-control study group was genotyped by tetra primer ARMS-PCR technique and results were analysed to know the effects of CNTNAP2 rs147815978 (G>T) and rs2710102 (A>G) polymorphisms in the group. The frequency of risk allele T (rs147815978) and risk allele G (rs2710102) for homozygous recessive genotypes (TT/GG) in our study group was 36.47% while odds ratios for risk allele T (rs147815978) was 5.45 (3.90-7.61: 95% CI, P = 0.000) and that for risk allele G (rs2710102) was 2.39 (1.76-3.24: 95% CI, P = 0.0001). Homozygous recessive genotypes (TT/GG) appeared only in cases and not in control group which indicated these as suspected risk genotypes and the significant association (p < 0.05%) of CNTNAP2 gene polymorphisms rs147815978 (G>T) and rs2710102 (A>G) with co-occurrence of intellectual disability and epilepsy phenotypes in our study group which is in HWE (χ2 = 174, P < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis shows additive (p < 0.0001) and multiplicative (p < 0.001) models which confirms significant association of both the polymorphisms in our data, which are closely located on same haplotype (D' = - 0.168). CONCLUSIONS We propose that CNTNAP2 rs147815978 (G>T) and rs2710102 (A>G) polymorphisms are possible risk loci for overlapping neurodevelopmental disorders in Pakistani population. We propose the role of a previously reported common SNP rs2710102 (A>G) with a rarely reported novel SNP rs147815978 (G>T) for CNTNAP2 gene association with neurodevelopmental disorders in our data. Our study has expanded the knowledge of CNTNAP2 gene polymorphisms as probable biomarkers for susceptibility of co-occurrence of intellectual disability and epilepsy phenotypes in Pakistani population. We hope that our study will open new horizons of CNTNAP2 gene variants research to cure the neurological conditions in Pakistani population where consanguinity is a tradition and prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders has increased from 1 to 2% during last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behjat Ul Mudassir
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zehra Agha
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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Fang Y, Cui Y, Yin Z, Hou M, Guo P, Wang H, Liu N, Cai C, Wang M. Comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between common genetic variants and autism spectrum disorder. Gene 2023; 887:147723. [PMID: 37598788 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by stereotyped behavior and deficits in communication and social interactions. To date, numerous studies have investigated the associations between genetic variants and ASD risk. However, the results of these published studies lack a clear consensus. In the present study, we performed a systematic review on the association between genetic variants and ASD risk. Meanwhile, we conducted a meta-analysis on available data to identify the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of candidate genes and ASD risk. METHODS We systematically searched public databases including English and Chinese from their inception to August 1, 2022. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed study quality. Odds ratio and 95 % confidence interval were used as effect indexes to evaluate the association between the SNPs of candidate genes and the risk of ASD. Heterogeneity was explored through subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses. Publication bias was assessed by using Egger's and Begg's tests for funnel plot asymmetry. In addition, TSA analysis were performed to confirm the study findings. RESULTS We summarized 84 SNPs of 32 candidate genes from 81 articles included in the study. Subsequently, we analyzed 16 SNPs of eight genes by calculating pooled ORs, and identified eight significant SNPs of contactin associated protein 2 (CNTNAP2), methylentetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), oxytocin receptor (OXTR), and vitamin D receptor (VDR). Results showed that seven SNPs, including the CNTNAP2 rs2710102 (homozygote, heterozygote, dominant and allelic models) and rs7794745 (heterozygote and dominant models), MTHFR C677T (homozygote, heterozygote, dominant, recessive and allelic models) and A1298C (dominant and allelic models), OXTR rs2254298 (homozygote and recessive models), VDR rs731236 (homozygote, dominant, recessive and allelic models) and rs2228570 (homozygote and recessive models), were showed to be correlated with an increased ASD risk. By contrast, the VDR rs7975232 was correlated with a decreased the risk of ASD under the homozygote and allelic models. CONCLUSION Our study summarized research evidence on the genetic variants of ASD and provides a broad and detailed overview of ASD risk genes. The C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of MTHFR, rs2710102 and rs7794745 polymorphisms of CNTNAP2, rs2254298 polymorphism of OXTR, and rs731236 and rs2228570 polymorphisms of VDR were genetic risk factors. The rs7975232 polymorphism of VDR was a genetic protective factor for ASD. Our study provides novel clues to clinicians and healthcare decision-makers to predict ASD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Fang
- Tianjin Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Tianjin University), Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Yaqiong Cui
- Tianjin Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Tianjin University), Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Zhaoqing Yin
- Division of Pediatrics, The People's Hospital of Dehong Autonomous Prefecture, Dehong Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Mangshi, Yunnan 678400, China
| | - Mengzhu Hou
- Tianjin Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Tianjin University), Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Pan Guo
- Tianjin Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Tianjin University), Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Hanjie Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University and Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China; Institute of Environment and Health, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Chunquan Cai
- Tianjin Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Tianjin University), Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Mingbang Wang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China; Microbiome Therapy Center, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China.
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D'Onofrio G, Accogli A, Severino M, Caliskan H, Kokotović T, Blazekovic A, Jercic KG, Markovic S, Zigman T, Goran K, Barišić N, Duranovic V, Ban A, Borovecki F, Ramadža DP, Barić I, Fazeli W, Herkenrath P, Marini C, Vittorini R, Gowda V, Bouman A, Rocca C, Alkhawaja IA, Murtaza BN, Rehman MMU, Al Alam C, Nader G, Mancardi MM, Giacomini T, Srivastava S, Alvi JR, Tomoum H, Matricardi S, Iacomino M, Riva A, Scala M, Madia F, Pistorio A, Salpietro V, Minetti C, Rivière JB, Srour M, Efthymiou S, Maroofian R, Houlden H, Vernes SC, Zara F, Striano P, Nagy V. Genotype-phenotype correlation in contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP-2) developmental disorder. Hum Genet 2023; 142:909-925. [PMID: 37183190 PMCID: PMC10329570 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2) gene encodes for CASPR2, a presynaptic type 1 transmembrane protein, involved in cell-cell adhesion and synaptic interactions. Biallelic CNTNAP2 loss has been associated with "Pitt-Hopkins-like syndrome-1" (MIM#610042), while the pathogenic role of heterozygous variants remains controversial. We report 22 novel patients harboring mono- (n = 2) and bi-allelic (n = 20) CNTNAP2 variants and carried out a literature review to characterize the genotype-phenotype correlation. Patients (M:F 14:8) were aged between 3 and 19 years and affected by global developmental delay (GDD) (n = 21), moderate to profound intellectual disability (n = 17) and epilepsy (n = 21). Seizures mainly started in the first two years of life (median 22.5 months). Antiseizure medications were successful in controlling the seizures in about two-thirds of the patients. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or other neuropsychiatric comorbidities were present in nine patients (40.9%). Nonspecific midline brain anomalies were noted in most patients while focal signal abnormalities in the temporal lobes were noted in three subjects. Genotype-phenotype correlation was performed by also including 50 previously published patients (15 mono- and 35 bi-allelic variants). Overall, GDD (p < 0.0001), epilepsy (p < 0.0001), hyporeflexia (p = 0.012), ASD (p = 0.009), language impairment (p = 0.020) and severe cognitive impairment (p = 0.031) were significantly associated with the presence of biallelic versus monoallelic variants. We have defined the main features associated with biallelic CNTNAP2 variants, as severe cognitive impairment, epilepsy and behavioral abnormalities. We propose CASPR2-deficiency neurodevelopmental disorder as an exclusively recessive disease while the contribution of heterozygous variants is less likely to follow an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca D'Onofrio
- Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Haluk Caliskan
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomislav Kokotović
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonela Blazekovic
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Gotovac Jercic
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvana Markovic
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital dr. Tomislav Bardek Koprivnica, Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Tamara Zigman
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Center Zagreb and University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krnjak Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, Varazdin General Hospital, Varazdin, Croatia
| | - Nina Barišić
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Center Zagreb and University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlasta Duranovic
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Zagre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Ban
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Zagre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fran Borovecki
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Petković Ramadža
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Center Zagreb and University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Barić
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Center Zagreb and University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Walid Fazeli
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Herkenrath
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carla Marini
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit Children's Hospital "G. Salesi" Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Vittorini
- Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Vykuntaraju Gowda
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, India
| | - Arjan Bouman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clarissa Rocca
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Issam Azmi Alkhawaja
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Pediatric Department, Albashir Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Bibi Nazia Murtaza
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Mujaddad Ur Rehman
- Department of Microbiology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology KP, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Chadi Al Alam
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Gisele Nader
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maria Margherita Mancardi
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Surgical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Epilepsy Center, EPICARE Reference Network, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Thea Giacomini
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Surgical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Epilepsy Center, EPICARE Reference Network, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Siddharth Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Javeria Raza Alvi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Institute of Child Health, Children's Hospital Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hoda Tomoum
- Department of Pediatrics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara Matricardi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Unit of Medical Genetics-IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Madia
- Unit of Medical Genetics-IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angela Pistorio
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Minetti
- Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rivière
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
- Bioinformatics Platform, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Catherine Vernes
- School of Biology, The University of St Andrews, Fife, UK
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Federico Zara
- Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy.
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto "Giannina Gaslini", Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Vanja Nagy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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Azmerin M, Hussain MS, Aziz MA, Barek MA, Begum M, Sen N, Rahman MA, Shahriar M, Baeesa SS, Ashraf GM, Islam MS. TF and TCF4 gene polymorphisms are linked to autism spectrum disorder: a case-control study. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221138492. [PMID: 36448207 PMCID: PMC9716618 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221138492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasing, appropriate diagnosis and prevention strategies are still lacking. This case-control study was designed to explore the association between ASD and the rs1867503 and rs9951150 polymorphisms of the TF and TCF4 genes, respectively. METHODS Ninety-six children with ASD and 118 healthy children were recruited and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was applied for genotyping. RESULTS The frequencies of the mutant allele G were 48% and 44% for the rs1867503 and rs9951150 polymorphisms, respectively. In our analysis, both TF and TCF4 polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of developing ASD. AG heterozygotes (OR = 3.18), GG mutant homozygotes (OR = 2.62), AG + GG combined genotypes (OR = 2.98), and G mutant alleles of TF rs1867503 (OR = 1.94) were associated with a significantly elevated risk of ASD. Likewise, AG heterozygotes (OR = 2.92), GG mutant homozygotes (OR = 2.36), AG + GG combined genotypes (OR = 2.72), and G minor alleles of TCF4 rs9951150 (OR = 1.92) were associated with a significantly elevated risk of ASD. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that TF rs1867503 and TCF4 rs9951150 polymorphisms may be strongly associated with the development of ASD in Bangladeshi children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Azmerin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saddam Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali, Bangladesh,Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali, Bangladesh,Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdul Barek
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali, Bangladesh,Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mobashera Begum
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali, Bangladesh,Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Niloy Sen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali, Bangladesh,Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saleh Salem Baeesa
- Division of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, University City, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali, Bangladesh,Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali, Bangladesh,Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali, Bangladesh.
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SHANK3 genetic polymorphism and susceptibility to ASD: evidence from molecular, in silico, and meta-analysis approaches. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8449-8460. [PMID: 35819558 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SHANK3 gene encodes a master synaptic scaffolding protein at the excitatory synapse's postsynaptic density, which is predominantly responsible for constructing a synapse, maintaining synaptic structure, and functions. Recently, evidence from rare mutations and copy number variation provided an important clue about SHANK3 which acts as a strong candidate gene in the pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate potential allelic variants for the SHANK3 (rs9616915) gene as a genetic risk factor, we performed PCR-RFLP analysis and Sanger sequencing for 90 ASD and 90 healthy subjects. Moreover, to understand the functional and structural impacts of our selected non-synonymous SHANK3 SNP rs9616915, we have performed an in silico analysis. Subsequently, a meta-analysis of rs9616915 with a total of 6 eligible studies (including the present study) containing a total of 795 cases and 12,947 controls was obtained from a comprehensive online database search to evaluate the overall association with ASD. RESULTS Our retrieved data, such as Pearson's chi-square test (p = 0.081) as well as logistic regression analysis of co-dominant (p = 0.1131), dominant (p = 0.3656) and recessive models (p = 0.0569) speculated no significant association between rs9616915 and our studied sample. Interestingly, by in silico analysis, we have observed two hydrogen bonds between amino acids instead of one hydrogen bond in the protein structure of rs9616915, which indicates this mutant structure could affect the proteins' stability. The findings of the meta-analysis revealed that four genetic association models were associated with ASD susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that targeted SHANK3 SNP of interest rs9616915 might not be associated with ASD in the southern part of the Bangladeshi population.
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Genetics of autism spectrum disorder: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:249. [PMID: 35705542 PMCID: PMC9200752 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a class of neurodevelopmental conditions with a large epidemiological and societal impact worldwide. To date, numerous studies have investigated the associations between genetic variants and ASD risk. To provide a robust synthesis of published evidence of candidate gene studies for ASD, we performed an umbrella review (UR) of meta-analyses of genetic studies for ASD (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021221868). We systematically searched eight English and Chinese databases from inception to March 31, 2022. Reviewing of eligibility, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by two authors. In total, 28 of 5062 retrieved articles were analyzed, which investigated a combined 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of nine candidate genes. Overall, 12 significant SNPs of CNTNAP2, MTHFR, OXTR, SLC25A12, and VDR were identified, of which associations with suggestive evidence included the C677T polymorphism of MTHFR (under allelic, dominant, and heterozygote models) and the rs731236 polymorphism of VDR (under allelic and homozygote models). Associations with weak evidence included the rs2710102 polymorphism of CNTNAP2 (under allelic, homozygote, and recessive models), the rs7794745 polymorphism of CNTNAP2 (under dominant and heterozygote models), the C677T polymorphism of MTHFR (under homozygote model), and the rs731236 polymorphism of VDR (under dominant and recessive models). Our UR summarizes research evidence on the genetics of ASD and provides a broad and detailed overview of risk genes for ASD. The rs2710102 and rs7794745 polymorphisms of CNTNAP2, C677T polymorphism of MTHFR, and rs731236 polymorphism of VDR may confer ASD risks. This study will provide clinicians and healthcare decision-makers with evidence-based information about the most salient candidate genes relevant to ASD and recommendations for future treatment, prevention, and research.
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Altered Blood Brain Barrier Permeability and Oxidative Stress in Cntnap2 Knockout Rat Model. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102725. [PMID: 35628852 PMCID: PMC9146766 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by three core symptoms, specifically impaired social behavior, stereotypic/repetitive behaviors, and sensory/communication deficits. Although the exact pathophysiology of ASD is still unknown, host genetics, oxidative stress, and compromised blood brain barrier (BBB) have been implicated in predisposition to ASD. With regards to genetics, mutations in the genes such as CNTNAP2 have been associated with increased susceptibility of developing ASD. Although some studies observed conflicting results suggesting no association of CNTNAP2 with ASD, other investigations correlated this gene with autism. In addition, CNTNAP2 mediated signaling is generally considered to play a role in neurological disorders due to its critical role in neurodevelopment, neurotransmission, and synaptic plasticity. In this investigation, we studied BBB integrity and oxidative stress in Cntnap2−/− rats. We observed that the BBB permeability was significantly increased in Cntnap2−/− rats compared to littermate wild-type (WT) animals as determined by FITC-dextran and Evans blue assay. High levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lower amounts of reduced glutathione were observed in brain homogenates of Cntnap2−/− rats, suggesting oxidative stress. Brain sections from Cntnap2−/− rats showed intense inducible nitric oxide synthase immunostaining, which was undetectable in WT animals. Quantification of nitric oxide in brain homogenates revealed significantly high levels in Cntnap2−/− rats compared to the control group. As increased permeability of the BBB and oxidative stress have been observed in ASD individuals, our results suggest that Cntnap2−/− rats have a high construct and face validity and can be explored to develop effective therapeutic modalities.
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Shiota Y, Hirosawa T, Yoshimura Y, Tanaka S, Hasegawa C, Iwasaki S, An KM, Soma D, Sano M, Yokoyama S, Kikuchi M. A common variant of CNTNAP2 is associated with sub-threshold autistic traits and intellectual disability. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260548. [PMID: 34898614 PMCID: PMC8668106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-threshold autistic traits are common in the general population. Children with sub-threshold autistic traits have difficulties with social adaptation. Contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2) is associated with the development of Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2710102 (G/A) of CNTNAP2 is suggested to contribute to sub-threshold social impairments and intellectual disabilities. We recruited 67 children with Autistic disorder (AD) (49 boys, 18 girls, aged 38–98 months) and 57 typically developing (TD) children (34 boys, 23 girls, aged 53–90 months). We assessed the participants’ intelligence and social reciprocity using the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), respectively. Genomic DNA was extracted from the buccal mucosa and genotyped for rs2710102. A chi-square test revealed a significant association between genotype and group [χ2(2) = 6.56, p = 0.038]. When a co-dominant model was assumed, the results from linear regression models demonstrated that TD children with A-carriers (AA + AG) presented higher SRS T-scores [t(55) = 2.11, p = 0.039] and lower simultaneous processing scale scores of K-ABC [t(55) = -2.19, p = 0.032] than those with GG homozygotes. These associations were not significant in children with ASD. TD children with the rs2710102 A-allele may have more sub-threshold autistic traits than those with GG homozygotes, reflected in higher SRS scores and lower simultaneous processing scale scores. These results support the use of genetic evidence to detect sub-threshold autistic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Shiota
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Kanazawa, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsu Hirosawa
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Kanazawa, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuko Yoshimura
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Kanazawa, Japan
- Institute of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sanae Tanaka
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Kanazawa, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hasegawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sumie Iwasaki
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kyung-min An
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Kanazawa, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daiki Soma
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masuhiko Sano
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yokoyama
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Kanazawa, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Kanazawa, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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