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Roy S, Iktidar MA, Chowdhury S, Pulock OS, Pinky SD, Sharif AB. Increased screen time and its association to migraine and tension-type headache: a cross-sectional investigation among Bangladeshi students. BMJ Neurol Open 2024; 6:e000656. [PMID: 38736585 PMCID: PMC11085917 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2024-000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing prevalence of screens among young people is a notable characteristic of the modern digital era. The study aimed to explore the prevalence and associated factors of migraine headache (MH) and tension-type headache (TTH) among Bangladeshi students continuing online education. Methods A total of 771 students were selected conveniently and using the quota sampling method. A pretested semistructured and self-administered questionnaire containing the background information, Headache Screening Questionnaire-English Version, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing scale and Insomnia Severity Index was used for data collection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between different headaches and screen use. Results The prevalence of MH, TTH and mixed headache (both MH and TTH) in the study population was 26.07%, 47.08% and 14.75%, respectively. Longer duration of online study (>12 months, adjusted ORs (AORs): 2.83, 95% CI 0 1.00 to 8.00), history of eye problem (AOR: 1.48, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.17), insomnia (AOR: 1.53, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.33) and moderate-to-severe depression (AOR: 2.35, 95% CI 1.55 to 3.56) were significantly associated with migraine headache. Conversely, longer duration of online study (>12 months, AOR: 2.87, 95% CI 1.40 to 5.86), moderate-to-severe depression (AOR=1.47, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.10) and use of multiple devices (AOR<1) for online study were significantly associated with TTH. In addition, longer duration of screen exposure (for >12 months, AOR: 4.56, 95% CI 0.99 to 20.93), moderate-to-severe depression (AOR: 2.25, 95% CI 1.37 to 3.72) and family history of headache (AOR: 2.66, 95% CI 1.65 to 4.29) were associated with mixed headache. Conclusion Considering the current prevalence of TTH and MH among students and their relationship with screentime, providing health education on the proper use of electronic devices can be a promising strategy in mitigating the negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simanta Roy
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Research, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Azmain Iktidar
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Research, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Directorate General of Health Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sreshtha Chowdhury
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Research, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Azaz Bin Sharif
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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2
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Sekhon H, Dickinson RA, Kimball JE, Cray HV, Alkhatib F, Preston A, Moore I, Trueba-Yepez AF, Fahed M, Vahia IV. Safety Considerations in the Use of Extended Reality Technologies for Mental Health with Older Adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 32:648-651. [PMID: 38246832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Harmehr Sekhon
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA; Centre for addictions and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto Affiliated Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - A'mie Preston
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Eugene J Towbin Healthcare Center (AP, IM), North Little Rock, AR
| | - Ian Moore
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Eugene J Towbin Healthcare Center (AP, IM), North Little Rock, AR
| | - Ana F Trueba-Yepez
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA; Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mario Fahed
- University of Connecticut Health Care (MF), Farmington, CT
| | - Ipsit V Vahia
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA; Department of Psychiatry (IVV), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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Bin Maneea MW, Alamawi HO, Almuqbil A, Abukhlaled JK, Alsuwailem G, Alabdulminaim J, Aladawi AMM, Alshangiti AY. Digital Eye Straining: Exploring Its Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Effects on the Quality of Life. Cureus 2024; 16:e59442. [PMID: 38826913 PMCID: PMC11140826 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital eye strain (DES) has become a pervasive issue in contemporary society due to increased reliance on electronic devices. This study aims to comprehensively explore the symptoms, severity, and associated factors of DES, considering demographic, behavioral, and health-related variables. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted among participants with diverse demographic backgrounds. A structured questionnaire collected data on participant characteristics, electronic device usage patterns, symptoms of DES, and its impact on various aspects of quality of life. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, were employed to assess associations and significance. RESULTS The majority of participants reported symptoms of DES, with eye dryness, headache, and eye redness being the most prevalent. Symptom severity varied, with age, daily device usage, adherence to the 20-20-20 rule, and studying with electronic devices demonstrating statistically significant associations. Participants diagnosed with eye diseases exhibited higher symptom severity. While disagreement was common regarding DES increasing stress, a substantial proportion acknowledged its impact on productivity and attention. CONCLUSION The current study showed that there is a significant correlation between the incidence of digital eye straining and longer screen exposure time. The findings underscore the importance of age, behavior, and ocular health in understanding and addressing DES. The results contribute to the broader discourse on digital eye health and emphasize the need for targeted interventions to alleviate the impact of DES on daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Halah O Alamawi
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Abdulaziz Almuqbil
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, SAU
| | - Jana K Abukhlaled
- College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | | | | | - Asmaa Y Alshangiti
- College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, SAU
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Yin J, Jiang B, Zhao T, Guo X, Tan Y, Wang Y. Trends in the global burden of vision loss among the older adults from 1990 to 2019. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1324141. [PMID: 38638474 PMCID: PMC11025641 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1324141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To quantify the global impact of vision impairment in individuals aged 65 years and older between 1990 and 2019, segmented by disease, age, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Methods Using the Global Burden of Diseases 2019 (GBD 2019) dataset, a retrospective demographic evaluation was undertaken to ascertain the magnitude of vision loss over this period. Metrics evaluated included case numbers, prevalence rates per 100,000 individuals, and shifts in prevalence rates via average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) and years lived with disability (YLDs). Results From 1990 to 2019, vision impairment rates for individuals aged 65 years and older increased from 40,027.0 (95% UI: 32,232.9-49,945.1) to 40,965.8 (95% UI: 32,911-51,358.3, AAPC: 0.11). YLDs associated with vision loss saw a significant decrease, moving from 1713.5 (95% UI: 1216.2-2339.7) to 1579.1 (95% UI: 1108.3-2168.9, AAPC: -0.12). Gender-based evaluation showed males had lower global prevalence and YLD rates compared to females. Cataracts and near vision impairment were the major factors, raising prevalence by 6.95 and 2.11%, respectively. Cataract prevalence in high-middle SDI regions and near vision deficits in high SDI regions significantly influenced YLDs variation between 1990 and 2019. Conclusion Over the past three decades, there has been a significant decrease in the vision impairment burden in individuals aged 65 and older worldwide. However, disparities continue, based on disease type, regional SDI, and age brackets. Enhancing eye care services, both in scope and quality, is crucial for reducing the global vision impairment burden among the older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Postdoctoral Station of Clinical Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tantai Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojian Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Postdoctoral Station of Clinical Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Qiu Z, Jia X, Fu Y, Yang Y. Screen time in the development of cardiovascular diseases: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:706-717. [PMID: 37996370 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are three common cardiovascular diseases that are closely associated with metabolic activity. The global incidence and prevalence of these conditions are on the rise, primarily due to unhealthy lifestyles, aging populations, and the increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Excessive screen time has emerged as a potential risk factor for various adverse health outcomes, although limited research has explored its relationship with cardiovascular disease outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS A Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted, employing exposure-associated genetic variants as instrumental variables to explore the causal relationship between screen time use and cardiovascular disease outcomes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were utilized as pooled data for the genetic variable instrument, investigating the association between screen use duration and three types of cardiovascular diseases: coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Through the MR analysis, it was revealed that the use of mobile phones and TV screens exhibited a significant causal association with the occurrence of CAD, heart failure, and IHD. However, no significant association was observed between the use of computers and these three types of cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that excessive screen time use is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. However, it should be noted that the consequences of screen time can vary depending on the reasons and purposes for its use. Implementing reasonable control over screen time, particularly for entertainment purposes, holds promise as a potential approach to mitigating cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Qiu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Room PP-R203, Est. Seak Pai Van Praia Park, Rés-Do-Chão R, Coloane, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Xueyuan Jia
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Room PP-R203, Est. Seak Pai Van Praia Park, Rés-Do-Chão R, Coloane, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yancheng Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yanru Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Wang J, Shen Y, Zhao J, Wang X, Chen Z, Han T, Huang Y, Wang Y, Zhao W, Wen W, Zhou X, Xu Y. Algorithmic and sensor-based research on Chinese children's and adolescents' screen use behavior and light environment. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1352759. [PMID: 38454995 PMCID: PMC10917963 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1352759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Myopia poses a global health concern and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The incidence of myopia tends to increase during infectious outbreaks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the screen-time behaviors among Chinese children and adolescents and investigated the efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI)-based alerts in modifying screen-time practices. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from 6,716 children and adolescents with AI-enhanced tablets that monitored and recorded their behavior and environmental light during screen time. Results The median daily screen time of all participants was 58.82 min. Among all age groups, elementary-school students had the longest median daily screen time, which was 87.25 min and exceeded 4 h per week. Children younger than 2 years engaged with tablets for a median of 41.84 min per day. Learning accounted for 54.88% of participants' screen time, and 51.03% (3,390/6,643) of the participants used tablets for 1 h at an average distance <50 cm. The distance and posture alarms were triggered 807,355 and 509,199 times, respectively. In the study, 70.65% of the participants used the tablet under an illuminance of <300 lux during the day and 61.11% under an illuminance of <100 lux at night. The ambient light of 85.19% of the participants exceeded 4,000 K color temperature during night. Most incorrect viewing habits (65.49% in viewing distance; 86.48% in viewing posture) were rectified swiftly following AI notifications (all p < 0.05). Conclusion Young children are increasingly using digital screens, with school-age children and adolescents showing longer screen time than preschoolers. The study highlighted inadequate lighting conditions during screen use. AI alerts proved effective in prompting users to correct their screen-related behavior promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifang Wang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nursing, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Han
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyi Huang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuxiao Zhao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care, Shanghai, China
- Center for Optometry and Visual Science, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care, Shanghai, China
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Alqassim AY, Alharbi AA, Muaddi MA, Makeen AM, Shuayri WH, Safhi AM, Alfifa AY, Samily IH, Darbashi NA, Otayn MA, Moafa AY, Wafi AM, Mahfouz MS. Associations of Electronic Device Use and Physical Activity with Headaches in Saudi Medical Students. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:299. [PMID: 38399586 PMCID: PMC10889929 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Primary headaches are highly prevalent among medical students, negatively impacting their health and academic performance. Excessive electronic device use has been implicated as a risk factor, in contrast to physical activity, which may be a protective factor; however, comprehensive data are lacking, especially for Saudi medical trainees. This study aims to investigate the associations between device use, exercise, and headaches among Saudi medical students. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 504 medical students at Jazan University completed an online survey collecting sociodemographic factors, headache characteristics/triggers, electronic device habits, exercise frequency, and headache impacts. Descriptive analyses summarized sample characteristics. Logistic regression identified predictors of 12-month headache prevalence. Results: Overall, 83% reported experiencing headaches in the past year. High headache prevalence was observed among females (86.6%) and third-year students (88.3%). Using electronic devices ≥4 h daily was associated with higher adjusted odds of headaches (OR 13.89, 95% CI 1.96-98.54) compared to ≤1 h daily. Low physical activity (exercising 1 day vs. 7 days a week) also increased headache odds (OR 3.89, 95% CI 1.61-9.42). Headaches impairing productivity (OR 4.39, 95% CI 2.28-8.45) and exacerbated by exercise (OR 10.37, 95% CI 2.02-53.35) were further associated with headache susceptibility. Conclusions: Excessive electronic device use and physical inactivity appear to be modifiable risk factors for frequent headaches in Saudi medical students. Multifaceted interventions incorporating education campaigns, skills training, and support services focused on promoting responsible technology habits, and regular exercise may help mitigate headaches in this population. Robust longitudinal studies and trials are warranted to establish causal mechanisms between lifestyle factors and headaches among medical undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Y. Alqassim
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.A.M.); (A.M.M.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alharbi
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.A.M.); (A.M.M.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Mohammed A. Muaddi
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.A.M.); (A.M.M.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Anwar M. Makeen
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.A.M.); (A.M.M.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Waleed H. Shuayri
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (W.H.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.Y.A.); (I.H.S.); (N.A.D.); (M.A.O.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Abdelelah M. Safhi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (W.H.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.Y.A.); (I.H.S.); (N.A.D.); (M.A.O.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Abdulrahman Y. Alfifa
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (W.H.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.Y.A.); (I.H.S.); (N.A.D.); (M.A.O.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Idris H. Samily
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (W.H.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.Y.A.); (I.H.S.); (N.A.D.); (M.A.O.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Nawaf A. Darbashi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (W.H.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.Y.A.); (I.H.S.); (N.A.D.); (M.A.O.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Mohammed A. Otayn
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (W.H.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.Y.A.); (I.H.S.); (N.A.D.); (M.A.O.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Abdulaziz Y. Moafa
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (W.H.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.Y.A.); (I.H.S.); (N.A.D.); (M.A.O.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Ahmed M. Wafi
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Salih Mahfouz
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.A.M.); (A.M.M.); (M.S.M.)
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8
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Ajouz L, Hallak J, Naik R, Nguyen A, Zhao C, Robinson MR, Nichols KK. Evaluation of the Impact of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Using a Novel Patient-Reported Outcome Instrument. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2024; 40:48-56. [PMID: 37910805 PMCID: PMC10890943 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2023.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study was intended to characterize the impact of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) on patients' quality of life. Methods: In this prospective, multicenter, noninterventional clinical study (NCT01979887), eligible individuals (age ≥40 years; absence of uncontrolled ocular/systemic disease) were categorized, based on composite grading of ocular symptoms, Schirmer score, and meibum quality, into (1) non-MGD, (2) mild/moderate MGD, or (3) severe MGD cohorts. The MGD Impact Questionnaire (MGD IQ), a 10-item patient-reported outcome measure, was self-administered at clinic visit on day 1, and readministered on day 22 to assess intervisit agreement regarding MGD IQ responses. Results: In total, 75 subjects were assigned to the study cohorts (25 per cohort). Across cohorts, MGD IQ item scores rose incrementally with increasing MGD severity. The severe MGD cohort experienced greater difficulty with reading and performance of leisure activities, greater time on eye care, and greater bother with eye care and eye appearance than the mild/moderate MGD cohort (all P < 0.05). Compared with the non-MGD cohort, the mild/moderate MGD cohort had greater difficulty working on computer, whereas the severe MGD cohort had greater difficulty reading, driving, and performing leisure activities, more frequent difficulty with outdoor activities, more time on eye care, and greater bother with eye care (all P < 0.05). Intervisit agreement between MGD IQ responses was fair to moderate (weighted kappa statistic 0.33‒0.58). Conclusions: Vision-related activities are negatively impacted by increasing severity of MGD. The MGD IQ instrument can help characterize disease severity and amplify the patient's voice in patient-centric clinical research. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01979887.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Ajouz
- Allergan (an AbbVie company), Irvine, California, USA
| | - Joelle Hallak
- Allergan (an AbbVie company), Irvine, California, USA
| | - Rupali Naik
- Noesis Healthcare Technologies, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Ashley Nguyen
- Allergan (an AbbVie company), Irvine, California, USA
| | - Cathy Zhao
- Allergan (an AbbVie company), Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Kelly K. Nichols
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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9
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Kaliugavaradhan A, Ramamurthy D. Accommodative Facility and Response Time before and after Computer Task of Varying Durations in Young Adults. Br Ir Orthopt J 2023; 19:85-95. [PMID: 37868656 PMCID: PMC10588489 DOI: 10.22599/bioj.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the changes in near accommodative facility and response time in young adults following computer work of 30 minutes and 1 hour in duration. Methods A total of 50 young adults (37 females, 13 males) with mean age of 20.68 ± 1.33 years were included in this experimental study. Monocular near accommodative facility was measured using ±2.00 Dioptre Sphere (DS) flipper at 40 cm using the N6 (the smallest print size that can be read by an individual with normal visual acuity) target before and after two reading tasks. Both pre- and post-task measurements were video recorded using a smart phone and the number of cycles per minute, positive response time (time taken to stimulate accommodation), and negative response time (time taken to relax accommodation) were calculated from the video recording. Data were analysed using SPSS Version 22.0. Results Out of the 50 participants, 29 were emmetropes (Mean SER: 0.16 ± 0.29 D), and 21 were myopes (Mean SER: -1.89 ± 1.16 D). The mean pre-task accommodative facility was 6.79 ± 3.52 cycles per minute, and the post-task accommodative facility was 6.25 ± 3.65 cycles per minute (p = 0.10) for the 30-minutes task and 5.76 ± 3.89 cycles per minute (p = 0.01) for 1-hour task. The mean pre-task positive response time was 2.87 ± 1.55 seconds, and the post-task positive response times for 30 minutes and 1 hour were 2.86 ± 1.67 seconds (p = 0.88) and 2.98 ± 2.33 seconds (p = 0.42), respectively. The mean pre-task negative response time was 8.77 ± 8.83 seconds, and the post-task negative response times for 30 minutes and 1 hour task were 11.83 ± 14.28 seconds (p = 0.16) and 14.72 ± 17.32 seconds (p = 0.03), respectively. Conclusion Monocular near accommodative facility was significantly reduced, and negative response time was delayed following 1 hour of computer work.
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10
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Kaur K, Muralikrishnan J, Hussaindeen JR, Deori N, Gurnani B. Impact of Covid-19 on Pediatric Ophthalmology Care: Lessons Learned. Pediatric Health Med Ther 2023; 14:309-321. [PMID: 37849985 PMCID: PMC10578174 DOI: 10.2147/phmt.s395349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic came with many new challenges that forced personal and professional lifestyle modifications. Medical facilities were in scarcity against this new unknown enemy and were challenged with the overloaded patient flow, scarcity of healthcare staff, and evolving treatment modalities with a better understanding of the virus each day. Ophthalmology as a "branch of medicine" suffered challenges initially because of a lack of guidelines for patient management, close working distance during routine examinations, and halt of major surgeries, including cataracts. Pediatric ophthalmology had major implications, as reduced outpatient visits would mean deeper amblyopia, and changed lifestyles, including online classes and home refinement, predisposing children to myopia, digital eye strain, and worsening of strabismus. COVID-19 also unveiled underlying accommodation and convergence anomalies that predisposed pediatric and adolescent patients to an increased prevalence of headache and acute onset esotropia. Teleophthalmology and other innovative solutions, including the use of prism glasses, safe slit-lamp shields, alternative ways of school screening with the use of photoscreeners, performing retinoscopy only when needed, and using autorefractors were among the few guidelines or modifications adopted which helped in the efficient and safe management of pediatric patients. Many pediatric ophthalmologists also suffered in terms of financial constraints due to loss of salary or even closure of private practices. School screening and retinopathy of prematurity screening suffered a great setback and costed a lot of vision years, data of which remains under-reported. Important implications and learnings from the pandemic to mitigate future similar situations include using teleophthalmology and virtual platforms for the triage of patients, managing non-emergency conditions without physical consultations, and utilizing home-based vision assessment techniques customized for different age groups. Though this pandemic had a lot of negative implications, the innovations, modifications, and other important learnings helped pediatric ophthalmologists in navigating safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirandeep Kaur
- Children Eye Care Center, Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Sadguru Netra Chikitsalya, Shri Sadguru Seva Sangh Trust, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Janani Muralikrishnan
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Aravind Eye Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - Nilutparna Deori
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Bharat Gurnani
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Services, Sadguru Netra Chikitsalya, Shri Sadguru Seva Sangh Trust, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India
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11
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Priftis N, Panagiotakos D. Screen Time and Its Health Consequences in Children and Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1665. [PMID: 37892328 PMCID: PMC10605067 DOI: 10.3390/children10101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, children and adolescents are exposed to digital media (DM) from an early age. Therefore, specific guidelines have been published by the World Health Organization, whose aim is to limit daily screen time (ST) viewing. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, a rise in DM use, and consequently ST viewing, was observed. More and more aspects of modern life are thought to be affected by excessive ST viewing. Accordingly, the aim of this review is to document the health effects of excessive ST viewing on children and adolescents. A narrative review was performed in searchable databases. In total, 43 original articles were considered. Excessive ST viewing was correlated with increased risk for obesity and other cardiometabolic risk factors, mental health, unhealthy dietary habits and eating disorders, and problems in development and child-parent relationships. Sleep, physical activity, eyesight, headaches, and the musculoskeletal system were negatively affected as well. However, the effect of ST was weighted by the type of media used and the way types of media were used. Other confounding factors were reported. There is evidence to suggest a negative correlation between excessive ST and youth health exists. Nevertheless, more research is needed if this correlation is to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Priftis
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
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12
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Alamri A, Alamri MM, Rashid FA, Alawashiz AS, Alqahtani FH, Alyami AA, Almathami LA, Alwabel RA, Alqarni EM, Alqahtani AM, Almoghamer H, Alahmari AA. Association Between Digital Device Utilization and Asthenopia Among Medical Students at King Khalid University. Cureus 2023; 15:e45621. [PMID: 37868585 PMCID: PMC10588907 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Digital eye strain has become a serious concern due to the exponential increase in the usage of digital devices in recent years. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of digital eye strain among medical students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one month, from 15th June to 15th July 2023, among undergraduate medical students at King Khalid University, Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia. An online survey was carried out using a structured questionnaire that was circulated through social media platforms (Facebook, Messenger, Instagram, Telegram, and WhatsApp). Results A total of 300 students were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of ocular problems, in descending order, was as follows: asthenopia had the highest prevalence at 30.5% (94), followed by conjunctivitis at 9.4% (29); squint, glaucoma, and cataract had lower prevalence rates of 3.9% (12), 1.6% (5), and 1.6% (5), respectively. The majority of participants used digital devices for fun (92.9% (286)) and study (95.5% (294)). Significant positive correlations were found between asthenopia and the hours spent on digital devices for studying (r = 0.161, p = 0.005), communication (r = 0.146, p = 0.011), and entertainment (r = 0.206, p < 0.001). Conclusions A substantial number of medical students are experiencing asthenopia. Prolonged usage of these devices is linked to a higher prevalence of asthenopia.
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13
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Buch J, Riederer D, Scales C, Xu J. Tear film dynamics of a new soft contact lens. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023; 43:1070-1078. [PMID: 37310193 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present the objective metrics from a study that evaluated the clinical performance of a senofilcon A contact lens, both with and without a new manufacturing technique. METHODS This was a single-site, five-visit, controlled, randomised, subject-masked, 2 × 2 crossover study (May-August 2021) with a 2-week lens dispensing period (bilateral wear) and weekly follow-up visits. Healthy adult (18-39 years), habitual spherical silicone hydrogel contact lens wearers were included. The High-definition (HD) Analyzer™ was used to objectively measure the lens-on-eye optical system resulting from the study lenses at 1-week follow-up. Measurements assessed were vision break-up time (VBUT), modulation transfer function (MTF) cutoff, Strehl ratio (SR), potential visual acuity (PVA) for 100% contrast and objective scatter index (OSI). RESULTS Of the 50 enrolled participants, 47 (94.0%) were randomly assigned to one of the two possible lens wear sequences (test/control or control/test) and dispensed at least one study lens. The estimated odds ratio of VBUT > 10 s was 1.582 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.009 to 2.482) in test versus control lens. The least squares mean difference estimates of MTF cutoff, SR and PVA for 100% contrast between test versus control lens were 2.243 (95% CI: 0.012 to 4.475), 0.011 (95% CI: -0.002 to 0.023) and 0.073 (95% CI: -0.001 to 0.147), respectively. The estimated ratio of median OSI between test versus control lens was 0.887 (95% CI: 0.727 to 1.081). The test lens demonstrated superiority over the control lens with respect to VBUT and MTF cutoff. No serious adverse events were reported; eight adverse events (three ocular, five non-ocular) were indicated by six participants during the study. CONCLUSION The test lens demonstrated an increased probability of having a longer VBUT (>10 s). Future studies may be designed to assess the efficacy and long-term use of the test lens in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Buch
- Johnson and Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Charles Scales
- Johnson and Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Johnson and Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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14
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RaviChandran N, Teo ZL, Ting DSW. Artificial intelligence enabled smart digital eye wearables. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2023; 34:414-421. [PMID: 37527195 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Smart eyewear is a head-worn wearable device that is evolving as the next phase of ubiquitous wearables. Although their applications in healthcare are being explored, they have the potential to revolutionize teleophthalmology care. This review highlights their applications in ophthalmology care and discusses future scope. RECENT FINDINGS Smart eyewear equips advanced sensors, optical displays, and processing capabilities in a wearable form factor. Rapid technological developments and the integration of artificial intelligence are expanding their reach from consumer space to healthcare applications. This review systematically presents their applications in treating and managing eye-related conditions. This includes remote assessments, real-time monitoring, telehealth consultations, and the facilitation of personalized interventions. They also serve as low-vision assistive devices to help visually impaired, and can aid physicians with operational and surgical tasks. SUMMARY Wearables such as smart eyewear collects rich, continuous, objective, individual-specific data, which is difficult to obtain in a clinical setting. By leveraging sophisticated data processing and artificial intelligence based algorithms, these data can identify at-risk patients, recognize behavioral patterns, and make timely interventions. They promise cost-effective and personalized treatment for vision impairments in an effort to mitigate the global burden of eye-related conditions and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhen Ling Teo
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore Eye Research Institute
| | - Daniel S W Ting
- AI and Digital Innovations
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore Eye Research Institute
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Sasaki S, Katsuki M, Kawahara J, Yamagishi C, Koh A, Kawamura S, Kashiwagi K, Ikeda T, Goto T, Kaneko K, Wada N, Yamagishi F. Developing an Artificial Intelligence-Based Pediatric and Adolescent Migraine Diagnostic Model. Cureus 2023; 15:e44415. [PMID: 37791157 PMCID: PMC10543415 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Misdiagnosis of pediatric and adolescent migraine is a significant problem. The first artificial intelligence (AI)-based pediatric migraine diagnosis model was made utilizing a database of questionnaires obtained from a previous epidemiological study, the Itoigawa Benizuwaigani Study. Methods The AI-based headache diagnosis model was created based on the internal validation based on a retrospective investigation of 909 patients (636 training dataset for model development and 273 test dataset for internal validation) aged six to 17 years diagnosed based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition. The diagnostic performance of the AI model was evaluated. Results The dataset included 234/909 (25.7%) pediatric or adolescent patients with migraine. The mean age was 11.3 (standard deviation 3.17) years. The model's accuracy, sensitivity (recall), specificity, precision, and F-values for the test dataset were 94.5%, 88.7%, 96.5%, 90.0%, and 89.4%, respectively. Conclusions The AI model exhibited high diagnostic performance for pediatric and adolescent migraine. It holds great potential as a powerful tool for diagnosing these conditions, especially when secondary headaches are ruled out. Nonetheless, further data collection and external validation are necessary to enhance the model's performance and ensure its applicability in real-world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Sasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japanese Red Cross Suwa Hospital, Suwa, JPN
| | - Masahito Katsuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Itoigawa General Hospital, Itoigawa, JPN
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japanese Red Cross Suwa Hospital, Suwa, JPN
| | - Junko Kawahara
- Department of Health Promotion, Itoigawa City, Itoigawa, JPN
| | | | - Akihito Koh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Itoigawa General Hospital, Itoigawa, JPN
| | - Shin Kawamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Itoigawa General Hospital, Itoigawa, JPN
| | - Kenta Kashiwagi
- Department of Neurology, Itoigawa General Hospital, Itoigawa, JPN
| | - Takashi Ikeda
- Department of Health Promotion, Itoigawa City, Itoigawa, JPN
| | - Tetsuya Goto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japanese Red Cross Suwa Hospital, Suwa, JPN
| | - Kazuma Kaneko
- Department of Neurology, Japanese Red Cross Suwa Hospital, Suwa, JPN
| | - Naomichi Wada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japanese Red Cross Suwa Hospital, Suwa, JPN
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16
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Moe MC, Özmert E, Baudouin C, Binadra A, Crafoord S, Jo Y, Kiratli H, Moore M, Pitsiladis YP, Rolle U, Tan B, Yanik Ö, Budgett R, Erdener U, Steffen K, Engbretsen L. International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus paper on sports-related ophthalmology issues in elite sports. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001644. [PMID: 37485004 PMCID: PMC10357794 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vision plays an important role in an athletes' success. In sports, nearly 80% of perceptual input is visual, and eye health and sports medicine are closely intertwined fields of utmost importance to athletes. The physical nature of sports activities renders individuals more prone to various eye injuries than the general population. Ocular trauma can lead to lifelong sequelae, and impaired vision requires careful follow-up and management. Apart from injuries, athletes may also experience vision problems that can hamper their performance, including blurred vision, double vision, and light sensitivity. The interdisciplinary nature of sports medicine necessitates collaboration between sports medicine professionals and ophthalmologists. Through such collaborations, athletes can receive appropriate eye care, education on proper eye protection and guidance on adopting good eye health practices. If any inconspicuous symptoms are not detected and treated promptly, athletes may acquire systemic injuries because of defective vision, preventing them from achieving high level athletic performance in competitions. The protection of the elite athlete is the responsibility of all of us in sports medicine. To advance a more unified, evidence-informed approach to ophthalmic health assessment and management in athletes and as relevant for sports medicine physicians, the International Olympic Committee Consensus Group aims for a critical evaluation of the current state of the science and practice of ophthalmologic issues and illness in high-level sports, and present recommendations for a unified approach to this important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Carstens Moe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emin Özmert
- Ophthalmology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vehbi Koç Eye Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital & Vision Institute, Paris, France
| | - Abhinav Binadra
- Medical & Scientific, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sven Crafoord
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Department of Ophthalmology, Örebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Young Jo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hayyam Kiratli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Melita Moore
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
- International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Udo Rolle
- Department of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - Ben Tan
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Sport & Exercise Medicine Centre, Singapore
| | - Özge Yanik
- Ophthalmology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vehbi Koç Eye Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Richard Budgett
- Medical & Scientific, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ugur Erdener
- Medical & Scientific, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
- World Archery, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Steffen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Engbretsen
- Medical & Scientific, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Oslo Sports Trauma Center, Institute of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
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AlQarni AM, AlAbdulKader AM, Alghamdi AN, Altayeb J, Jabaan R, Assaf L, Alanazi RA. Prevalence of Digital Eye Strain Among University Students and Its Association with Virtual Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:1755-1768. [PMID: 37351540 PMCID: PMC10284626 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s406032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prolonged use of digital devices is a major risk factor for digital eye strain (DES) syndrome. Aim To estimate the prevalence of DES symptoms among students at Imam Abdulrahman University who use digital devices for virtual learning and leisure activities. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted by asking medical students of Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University to complete a self-administered online questionnaire. The questionnaire was used to determine the effect of the hours spent on digital devices and other factors, such as screen distance and not using artificial tears, on the development of DES. The severity (moderate or severe) and frequency (occasionally, always, or never) of 16 eye strain-related symptoms, including eye pain, headache, and itching, were evaluated by using the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire. Results The overall prevalence of DES in the sample was found to be 68.53%. The largest proportion of students were found to have mild DES (43.20%), and only 11% had severe DES. The most common symptoms reported in our sample were headache, dryness, and burning. Female gender, using smartphones for online classes, and not using eye lubricants were significantly associated with increased severity of DES. Conclusion In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual learning has become an integral part of education, leading to increased use of digital technology. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of virtual learning on eye strain and to determine the prevalence and effects of DES. A questionnaire was administered to participants, and the findings revealed a DES prevalence of 68.53%. The use of eye drops for lubrication and smartphones for classes was significantly associated with DES. Furthermore, females were found to be more susceptible to severe DES symptoms than males. The development of a tool such as the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire to predict DES prevalence could reduce clinic time and resources by minimizing unnecessary follow-up and ophthalmology referrals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani M AlQarni
- Family and Community Medicine Department, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assim M AlAbdulKader
- Family and Community Medicine Department, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma N Alghamdi
- Medical Intern, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumana Altayeb
- Medical Intern, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Jabaan
- Medical Intern, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain Assaf
- Epidemiology Senior Specialist, Clinical Leadership, Center for National Health Insurance, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan A Alanazi
- Family and Community Medicine Department, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Kawagishi R, Kuramochi I, Satake Y, Masuda M, Iriki A, Imagawa H, Shimizu T, Aki M, Oya N, Sartorius N. Report on the 1st and 2nd Japan Young Psychiatrists Organization Online International Networking Meetings (JOIN meetings) in 2021 and 2022. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 86:103679. [PMID: 37364332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Since 2002, the Japan Young Psychiatrists Organization (JYPO) has conducted an annual face-to-face Course for Academic Development of Psychiatrists (CADP). Since 2021, we held two international online meetings and studied whether it was possible to acquire professional and leadership skills. We found that participants were able to acquire knowledge and become acquainted with professional and leadership skills in online meetings. However, they didn't enough enable participants to get to know each other, develop friendships, or acquire professional and leadership skills. The advantages of online meetings included lower cost, avoiding infection during the pandemic, and the easy use of course materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kawagishi
- Certified Non-Profit Organization Japan Young Psychiatrists Organization (JYPO), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Chiba Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Izumi Kuramochi
- Certified Non-Profit Organization Japan Young Psychiatrists Organization (JYPO), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Yuto Satake
- Certified Non-Profit Organization Japan Young Psychiatrists Organization (JYPO), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Masato Masuda
- Certified Non-Profit Organization Japan Young Psychiatrists Organization (JYPO), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Akihisa Iriki
- Certified Non-Profit Organization Japan Young Psychiatrists Organization (JYPO), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imagawa
- Certified Non-Profit Organization Japan Young Psychiatrists Organization (JYPO), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Adachi Hospital, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Shimizu
- Certified Non-Profit Organization Japan Young Psychiatrists Organization (JYPO), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Saitama Prefectural Psychiatric Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Morio Aki
- Certified Non-Profit Organization Japan Young Psychiatrists Organization (JYPO), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Nozomu Oya
- Certified Non-Profit Organization Japan Young Psychiatrists Organization (JYPO), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norman Sartorius
- Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programs (AIMHP), Japan
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Duan H, Song W, Zhao J, Yan W. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs): Sources, Digestion, Absorption, Application and Their Potential Adjunctive Effects on Visual Fatigue. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112633. [PMID: 37299596 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
When the eyes are exposed to the environment, they are easily affected by strong light stimulation and harmful substances. At the same time, prolonged use of the eyes or incorrect eye habits can cause visual fatigue, which mainly manifests as eye dryness, soreness, blurred vision, and various discomforts. The main reason for this is a decline in the function of the eye, especially the cornea and retina on the surface of the eye, which have the greatest impact on the normal function of the eye. Research has found that supplementation with appropriate foods or nutrients can effectively strengthen the eye against external and internal stimuli, thereby alleviating or avoiding visual fatigue. Among these, supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids has been found to be effective at protecting eye health and relieving visual fatigue. This article summarizes the sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (including the main dietary sources and internal synthesis), the mechanisms of digestion and absorption of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the body and the safety of polyunsaturated fatty acid applications. It also reviews the mechanism of action of polyunsaturated fatty acids in aiding the relief of visual fatigue based on the mechanism of impaired function or structure of the ocular surface and fundus in the hope of providing some reference and insight into the development and application of polyunsaturated fatty acids in functional foods for the relief of visual fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Duan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
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Cho OH, Cho H, Kim H. Perceived Eye-Related Symptoms and Influencing Factors in Hospital Nurses. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101519. [PMID: 37239805 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nurses are at risk of eye discomfort due to the increasing use of visual display terminals and wearing masks, which may worsen eye-related symptoms. This study was conducted in South Korea to identify the factors influencing eye-related symptoms among hospital nurses on/off duty. The study included 154 nurses who completed a self-reported questionnaire that assessed demographic characteristics, perceived health status, dry-eye symptoms, occupational stress, and eye-related symptoms. The results showed that nurses complained of more eye-related symptoms on duty than off duty, with female sex and dry-eye symptoms being the factors influencing eye-related symptoms on duty. On the other hand, computer use time (≥4 h) and dry-eye symptoms were the factors influencing eye-related symptoms off duty. The study suggests that assessing dry-eye symptoms can facilitate early interventions to relieve eye-related symptoms in hospital nurses, and they should pay attention to eye health during working hours as well as off hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Hee Cho
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Haemin Cho
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyekyung Kim
- Department of Nursing, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Republic of Korea
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21
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Buser D, Schwaninger A, Sauer J, Sterchi Y. Time on task and task load in visual inspection: A four-month field study with X-ray baggage screeners. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2023; 111:103995. [PMID: 37207523 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.103995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that performance in visual inspection and typical vigilance tasks depend on time on task and task load. European regulation mandates that security officers (screeners) take a break or change tasks after 20 min of X-ray baggage screening. However, longer screening durations could reduce staffing challenges. We investigated the effects of time on task and task load on visual inspection performance in a four-month field study with screeners. At an international airport, 22 screeners inspected X-ray images of cabin baggage for up to 60 min, while a control group (N = 19) screened for 20 min. Hit rate remained stable for low and average task loads. However, when the task load was high, the screeners compensated by speeding up X-ray image inspection at the expense of the hit rate over time on task. Our results support the dynamic-allocation resource theory. Moreover, extending the permitted screening duration to 30 or 40 min should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Buser
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Applied Psychology, Institute Humans in Complex Systems, Riggenbachstrasse 16, CH-4600, Olten, Switzerland.
| | - A Schwaninger
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Applied Psychology, Institute Humans in Complex Systems, Riggenbachstrasse 16, CH-4600, Olten, Switzerland.
| | - J Sauer
- University of Fribourg, Department of Psychology, Rue P.A. de Faucigny 2, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Y Sterchi
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Applied Psychology, Institute Humans in Complex Systems, Riggenbachstrasse 16, CH-4600, Olten, Switzerland.
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22
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Allen L, Mehta J. The impact of smartphone use on accommodative functions: pilot study. Strabismus 2023; 31:66-72. [PMID: 36866799 DOI: 10.1080/09273972.2023.2179076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence about the effect of smartphone use on accommodation is limited and inconclusive. Several studies have investigated either symptoms or near triad measures following smartphone use. These suggest that, certainly for the short term, smartphones have a negative impact on the near triad and produce symptoms. In addition, there is a body of recent work reporting cases of acute acquired concomitant esotropia (AACE) that may be caused by the accommodation-vergence demand of excessive smartphone use. A pilot study was undertaken to investigate accommodative measures before and after 30 minutes of smartphone use. Participants aged 16-40 years were invited to participate. Accommodative facility (AF), near point of accommodation (NPA), and near point of convergence (NPC) before and after 30 minutes of habitual smartphone use were assessed. NPA and AF were assessed with both eyes open (BEO), right eye (RE) and left eye (LE). Accommodative facility was assessed using ±2DS flipper lenses and measured in cycles per minute (cpm). NPA and NPC were assessed using the RAF rule and measured in centimeters. Data were analyzed in StatsDirect using non-parametric statistical tests. Eighteen participants were recruited, with a mean age of 24 years (SD: 7.6yrs). AF improved by 3cpm (p= .015) for BEO, 2.25cpm for RE (p = .004) and 1.5 cpm for the LE (p =. 278) after smartphone use. NPA with BEO became worse by 2 cm (p =.0474), with the RE worse by 0.5cms (p = .0474) and the LE, worse by 0.125 cms (p = .047). Convergence worsened by 0.75 cms (p = .018). Although these appeared to represent a change in measures following smartphone use, post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction demonstrated that these were not statistically significant at the 0.07 significance level. This pilot study found that there was no difference in accommodative and convergence measures before and after 30 minutes of smartphone use. These results suggest evidence contrary to the existing literature. There are several limitations to this pilot study and previous work, which are discussed. Suggestions on future work to explore the effect of smartphone use on the near triad to address limitations and further knowledge, in this area, are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Allen
- Department of Orthoptics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jignasa Mehta
- Department of Orthoptics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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23
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Mylona I, Glynatsis MN, Floros GD, Kandarakis S. Spotlight on Digital Eye Strain. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2023; 15:29-36. [PMID: 36875935 PMCID: PMC9983433 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s389114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Digital Eye Strain (DES) is a clinical syndrome manifested with visual disturbances and/or ophthalmic dysfunction related to the usage of screen-enabled digital equipment. This term is gradually replacing the older term computer vision syndrome (CVS) that focused on the same symptoms found on personal computer users. DES is encountered more frequently during the past years due to the explosive increase in the usage of digital devices and subsequent increase in time in front of any screens. It presents with a series of atypical symptoms and signs stemming from asthenopia, dry eye syndrome, preexisting untreated vision issues and poor screen ergonomics. This review summarizes research data to date to determine whether the concept of DES has been conclusively defined and demarcated as a separate entity and if sufficient guidance is offered on professionals and the lay public. The maturity of the field, grouping of symptoms, examination techniques, treatment and prevention modalities are summarily presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Mylona
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Katerini, Katerini, Greece
| | - Mikes N Glynatsis
- Department of Ophthalmology, ‘Hippokration’, General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios D Floros
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stylianos Kandarakis
- 1st Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital “G. Gennimatas”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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24
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Cantó-Sancho N, Porru S, Casati S, Ronda E, Seguí-Crespo M, Carta A. Prevalence and risk factors of computer vision syndrome-assessed in office workers by a validated questionnaire. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14937. [PMID: 36890870 PMCID: PMC9987297 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a common occupational health problem, but its clinical definition, prevalence and risk factors are not well defined. In general, non-validated diagnostic instruments have been used to assess its prevalence. For this reason, the aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence and potential risk factors for CVS using a validated questionnaire. Methods A cross-sectional study (n = 238) was carried out in Italian office workers using digital devices. All participants responded to an anamnesis, a digital exposure questionnaire, and the validated Italian version of the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire. A battery of 3 ocular surface and tear ophthalmic tests (break-up time, BUT), Schirmer II and corneal staining) was performed. Results The mean age (±SD) was 45.55 (11.02) years, 64.3% were female. 71.4% wore glasses to work, whose design was monofocal (for distance) in 47.6%, monofocal (for near) in 26.5%, general progressive in 16.5% and occupational progressive in 8.8% of cases. 35.7% used digital devices >6 hours/day in the workplace. The prevalence of CVS was 67.2%. In the multivariate model, female sex (aOR: 3.17; 95% CI [1.75-5.73]), the use of digital devices >6 hours/day at workplace (aOR: 2.07; 95% CI [1.09-3.95]) and the use of optical correction at work (aOR: 2.69; 95% CI [1.43-5.08]) significantly increased the odds of CVS. Association was observed between presenting CVS and having abnormal BUT (χ2 = 0.017). Conclusions The prevalence of CVS in Italian office workers, especially among females, was high. Intensive use of digital devices at work (>6 hours/day) and the use of optical correction at work significantly increased the odds of CVS. There is an association between poor tear stability and CVS. Further research is needed on the influence of wearing optical correction on CVS. The use of a validated questionnaire in health surveillance of digital workers is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Cantó-Sancho
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Stefano Porru
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Véneto, Italy.,Mistral-Interuniversity Research Centre 'Integrated Models of Study for Health Protection and Prevention in Living and Working Environments', University of Brescia, Milano Bicocca and Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Véneto, Italy
| | - Stefano Casati
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Véneto, Italy
| | - Elena Ronda
- Public Health Research Group, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Seguí-Crespo
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.,Public Health Research Group, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Angela Carta
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Véneto, Italy.,Mistral-Interuniversity Research Centre 'Integrated Models of Study for Health Protection and Prevention in Living and Working Environments', University of Brescia, Milano Bicocca and Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Véneto, Italy
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25
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Mrayyan MT, Alseid ARH, Ghoolah TS, Al-Shaikh Ali MH, Mrayan M. Investigating the Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) Among Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231191883. [PMID: 37546525 PMCID: PMC10399248 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231191883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the pandemic, health issues associated with using digital devices and exploring social media, such as Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), have increased considerably. Objectives This study looked into CVS and its significance in Jordan and the CVS outcomes of undergraduate nursing students who used digital devices to surf social media during COVID-19. Methods To assess CVS, a quantitative cross-sectional research design was used. Data were collected in 2022 through an online diagnostic and formative survey utilizing the CVS-Questionnaire (CVS-Q) with 310 undergraduate nursing students from a government and a private university in Jordan. Descriptive statistics and the univariate general linear model were used to analyze the collected data. Results To report the prevalence of CVS among the studied sample, the median score was 1.80. The median prevalence score was 24.50 (range = 13-31), and 26.75% of participants reported having intense social media searches. For a student in this study to be diagnosed with CVS, they must receive a score of at least 5, and the current sample score was around 2, indicating they didn't have a CVS; however, it was moderate when it occurred. About 26.75% of participants reported having problematic social media searches. Back and neck pain and headaches were the typical signs of CVS. The average daily hours spent using digital devices for social media searches increased during the pandemic utilizing mobile phones, especially among male nursing students. Being a junior student with no social media account and unable to balance study and social media were among the predictors of CVS. Most students used protective tools on their digital devices, such as protective films and phone screens, to prevent or accommodate CVS. Conclusion There were no prior collected data about CVS in Jordan, and based on the international trend, the COVID-19 pandemic didn't directly contribute to the prevalence of CVS. However, when the CVS occurred, it was moderate, which mandates proactive and prophylactic redesigning of our educational system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majd T. Mrayyan
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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26
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Lotfy NM, Shafik HM, Nassief M. Risk factor assessment of digital eye strain during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey. MEDICAL HYPOTHESIS, DISCOVERY & INNOVATION OPHTHALMOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 11:119-128. [PMID: 37641641 PMCID: PMC10445314 DOI: 10.51329/mehdiophthal1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Shifting to online learning during the coronavirus pandemic has increased the number of individuals symptomatic of digital eye strain (DES). This study aimed to determine the frequency and potential risk factors of DES among university staff members and students in this pandemic era. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted during the pandemic, in May and June 2020. The online questionnaire was designed to collect data on DES-related ocular and extraocular manifestations. The survey was sent via social media to the previous year's students and staff within the Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt. The responses were downloaded and analyzed. Results Of the 412 participants completing the questionnaire, 34 (8.3%) were university staff members with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 36.7 (6.6) years, and 378 (91.7%) were university students with a mean (SD) age of 20.8 (1.8) years. Participants with DES symptoms numbered 294 (71.4%) before the lockdown, increasing to 366 (88.8%) during the last month, with 84 developing new-onset DES. Most participants reported ocular symptoms associated with DES. After the lockdown, both students and staff had a significant prolongation of nighttime digital screen use and TV watching, an increase in the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) severity scale scores, and anxiety and depression, with a reduced duration of daytime reading (all P < 0.05). Students had a significant prolongation of daytime digital screen use and TV watching and an increase in the frequency of eye lubricant use and mean Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)-4 scores (all P < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that studenthood and increased nighttime screen use were independent risk factors for DES by odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 10.60 (2.12 - 53.00) and 3.99 (1.71 - 9.34), respectively (both P < 0.05). Conclusions Lockdown and closure of the university, with a shift to online learning, increased the exposure of staff and students to digital screens and the number of individuals with DES. Studenthood and prolonged nighttime digital screen use were independent risk factors for DES. Further studies investigating the prevalence and risk factors of DES, comparing similar data during and after the pandemic, may reveal other aspects of DES caused by virtual reality-based training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M. Lotfy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Shafik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mona Nassief
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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