1
|
Lu T, Han X, Wang H, Liu G. A flexible film sensor based on sodium alginate/silk nanofiber for real-time monitoring of the ambient temperature and personnel respiration in flame environment. Carbohydr Polym 2025; 361:123664. [PMID: 40368548 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2025] [Revised: 04/20/2025] [Accepted: 04/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025]
Abstract
Natural polymers are considered powerful candidate for preparing a new generation of intelligent sensors, however, their application in fire environment is limited restricted by the low flame retardancy and thermal stability. Herein, we developed a novel flexible film (SSGP) entirely composed of bio-mass, namely natural silk nanofibers, sodium alginate and phytic acid, via solution casting and self-assembly strategy. It exhibited reliable tensile properties (11.01 MPa), high flame retardancy (LOI reached 38 %), and thermal stability. Specifically, SSGP not only showed sensitive and reversible response at different temperatures (50-125 °C) with a GF of 10.8, but also triggered warning within 2.2 s of being exposed to a flame without being incinerated. Moreover, SSGP responded to humidity changes in the environment (22-94 % RH) and could be used for respiratory monitoring, with a response/recovery time of only 0.76 s/1.01 s. Additionally, SSGP based on natural polymers retain degradability (39.8 % within 30 days). Thus, SSGP had the potential to be integrated as a core component into sensor for real-time monitoring of ambient temperature and respiration of personnel in steelworks, fire rescue, battlefield and other flame environment. This study may provide new insights into the application of natural polymers in the flexible multifunctional sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Xiaokun Han
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - He Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber, Plastics, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266061, PR China
| | - Guiting Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bae J, Song CM, Kumar PS, Jang G, Choi H, Hwang S, Shin J, Kim S, Do J, Kim M, Kim YW, Kim C, You CY, Min Y, Roh JW, Kwon HJ, Lee S. High-Resolution Patterning of Breathable Polymer Nanomesh via Double-Side UV Exposure for Fabricating Micropatterned Wearable Devices. ACS NANO 2025; 19:16534-16544. [PMID: 40268499 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c18934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
Nanomesh electronics, renowned for their breathability and compatibility with long-term skin attachment, face significant challenges in achieving high-resolution micropatterning, which limits their applications in advanced devices. To address this, a method to fabricate durable, breathable, and highly conductive micropatterned nanomesh electrodes (MPNEs) with line widths as narrow as 10 μm was developed. Using a double-side exposure technique, precise patterning was achieved on a polyimide nanomesh substrate. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) were selectively deposited via vacuum filtration, ensuring optimal alignment for enhanced conductivity. The MPNEs exhibit excellent electrical performance, achieving a sheet resistance of 3.9 Ω sq-1 at an AgNW loading of 1.6 μg mm-2. They maintain consistent conductivity across various line widths and lengths, demonstrating high reproducibility. Mechanical testing confirmed exceptional durability under significant deformations, including bending, folding, and twisting. Furthermore, the porous structure remained breathable after AgNW deposition, preserving gas and moisture permeability. The versatility of MPNEs was demonstrated by fabricating intricate patterns such as interdigitated electrodes, multielectrode arrays, and coil antennas. These findings underscore the potential of MPNEs for advanced wearable electronics and multifunctional devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Bae
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Myeong Song
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Ponnaiah Sathish Kumar
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Gain Jang
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjoo Choi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Sieun Hwang
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Shin
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhwan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daehak-ro, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Juha Do
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Woo Kim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - CheolGi Kim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Yeol You
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuho Min
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daehak-ro, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Roh
- Department of Nano & Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jun Kwon
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song L, Liu A, Yang S, Yin J, Wang R. Phytic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose synergistically reinforced ionic conductive hydrogels for high-strength and low-swelling flexible sensor applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 308:142582. [PMID: 40154716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2025] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/01/2025]
Abstract
Ionic conductive hydrogels have emerged as promising materials for constructing flexible wearable sensors due to their excellent flexibility, conductivity, and strain sensitivity. However, current hydrogel sensors face some important challenges, such as poor mechanical performance, high swelling ratios, and limited functionality, significantly hindering their applications. This study developed a poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) (P(AA-co-AM)) hydrogel that was synergistically reinforced by phytic acid (PA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (PAA/AM-PA-C ionic conductive hydrogel). The hydrogel demonstrated a tensile strength of 2.05 MPa and an elongation at break of 1081.93 %, along with good fatigue resistance. Additionally, it showed low swelling ratios in aqueous environments including in seawater, ensuring the hydrogel sensor exhibited exceptional strain-sensing capabilities in various conditions. As a flexible sensor, this hydrogel exhibited excellent sensitivity and stable sensing performance, providing precise and consistent responses to joint motion and speaking. Because of the addition of PA, the hydrogel also showed obvious anti-freezing properties, and can maintain good mechanical properties and sensing properties at -20 °C, broadening its applications in various conditions. In addition, the hydrogel showed remarkable antibacterial properties and biocompatibility, offering new avenues for the development of multifunctional hydrogel-based wearable sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China; Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo 315300, PR China
| | - Ashuang Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China; Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo 315300, PR China
| | - Sunjun Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China; Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo 315300, PR China
| | - Jingbo Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China; Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo 315300, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma H, Zhang H, Zhu M, Zhang Y. Flexible Pressure Sensor Based on Highly Oriented PVDF/ZnONRs@Ag Electrospun Fibers for Directional Sensing. ACS Sens 2025; 10:3033-3043. [PMID: 40139752 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
In recent years, research on piezoelectric pressure sensing has attracted worldwide attention, as eagerly demanded by the development of wearable electronics. However, the current piezoelectric pressure sensors are unable to detect forces along different bending directions with a high resolution, thus limiting their applications in some typical scenarios. To address this issue, this study designed a novel composite structure with ZnO nanorods loaded with Ag nanoparticles (ZnONRs@Ag) and then embedded in highly oriented polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers. Due to its unique orientation, the pressure sensor exhibits anisotropy, accurately identifying forces along distinct bending directions (such as perpendicular, parallel, or twisting). The optimized PVDF/ZnONRs@Ag device presents the peak power density of 308.1 nW cm-2 and a sensitivity as high as 0.52 V N-1 and remains stable after 7000 cycles at 1.4 Hz. The highly oriented piezoelectric devices are utilized to monitor various human movements and harvest energy from them. This research provides a viable method for manufacturing self-powered directional pressure sensors, contributing to the advancement of wearable technology and energy harvesting applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Mingtao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- Center for Smart Materials and Device Integration, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu Z, Zhang C, Wang F, Yu J, Yang G, Surmenev RA, Li Z, Ding B. Smart Textiles for Personalized Sports and Healthcare. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2025; 17:232. [PMID: 40278986 PMCID: PMC12031719 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2025] [Accepted: 03/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025]
Abstract
Advances in wearable electronics and information technology drive sports data collection and analysis toward real-time visualization and precision. The growing pursuit of athleticism and healthy life makes it appealing for individuals to track their real-time health and exercise data seamlessly. While numerous devices enable sports and health monitoring, maintaining comfort over long periods remains a considerable challenge, especially in high-intensity and sweaty sports scenarios. Textiles, with their breathability, deformability, and moisture-wicking abilities, ensure exceptional comfort during prolonged wear, making them ideal for wearable platforms. This review summarized the progress of research on textile-based sports monitoring devices. First, the design principles and fabrication methods of smart textiles were introduced systematically. Textiles undergo a distinctive fiber-yarn-fabric or fiber-fabric manufacturing process that allows for the regulation of performance and the integration of functional elements at every step. Then, the performance requirements for precise sports data collection of smart textiles, including main vital signs, joint movement, and data transmission, were discussed. Lastly, the applications of smart textiles in various sports scenarios are demonstrated. Additionally, the review provides an in-depth analysis of the emerging challenges, strategies, and opportunities for the research and development of sports-oriented smart textiles. Smart textiles not only maintain comfort and accuracy in sports, but also serve as inexpensive and efficient information-gathering terminals. Therefore, developing multifunctional, cost-effective textile-based systems for personalized sports and healthcare is a pressing need for the future of intelligent sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziao Xu
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Chentian Zhang
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Faqiang Wang
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yang
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, People's Republic of China
| | - Roman A Surmenev
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Center, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Zhaoling Li
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Q, Guan H, Wang C, Lei P, Sheng H, Bi H, Hu J, Guo C, Mao Y, Yuan J, Shao M, Jin Z, Li J, Lan W. A wireless, self-powered smart insole for gait monitoring and recognition via nonlinear synergistic pressure sensing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2025; 11:eadu1598. [PMID: 40238890 PMCID: PMC12002114 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adu1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025]
Abstract
Wearable insole-based pressure sensor systems have gained attention for continuous gait monitoring, showing potential for preventing, diagnosing, and treating conditions such as lumbar degenerative disease and diabetic foot ulcers. However, challenges such as nonlinear response, low stability, and energy limitations have hindered widespread adoption. Here, we report a fully integrated, self-powered, wireless smart insole designed for plantar pressure monitoring and real-time visualization and analysis of gait. The pressure sensor uses a nonlinear synergistic strategy, achieving remarkable linearity (R2 > 0.999 over 0 to 225 kilopascals) and high durability (>180,000 compression cycles). Powered by flexible solar cells, the insole features 22 pressure sensors, enabling spatially resolved pressure mapping and real-time visualization on a smartphone interface. Integration of a support vector machine model further enables accurate recognition of eight motion states, including static (e.g., sitting and standing) and dynamic (e.g., walking, running, and squatting) activities. The smart insole provides a practical solution for improving clinical assessments, personalized treatments, and biomechanics research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hui Guan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Peiming Lei
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hongwei Sheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Huasheng Bi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jinkun Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Chenhui Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yichuan Mao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jiao Yuan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Mingjiao Shao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zhiwen Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wei Lan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yin Y, Zhao Y, Xue T, Wang X, Zou Q. Flexible Pressure Sensor with Tunable Sensitivity and a Wide Sensing Range, Featuring a Bilayer Porous Structure. MICROMACHINES 2025; 16:461. [PMID: 40283336 PMCID: PMC12029651 DOI: 10.3390/mi16040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2025] [Revised: 04/07/2025] [Accepted: 04/10/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
Flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors have great potential in wearable electronics due to their simple structure, low cost, and ease of fabrication. Porous polymer materials, with their highly deformable internal pores, effectively expand the sensing range. However, a single-sized pore structure struggles to achieve both high sensitivity and a broad sensing range simultaneously. In this study, a PDMS-based flexible pressure sensor with a bilayer porous structure (BLPS) was successfully fabricated using clamping compression and a sacrificial template method with spherical sucrose cores. The resulting sensor exhibits highly uniform pore sizes, thereby improving performance consistency. Furthermore, since different pore sizes and thicknesses correspond to varying Young's moduli, this study achieves tunable sensitivity across a wide pressure range by adjusting the bilayer thickness ratio (maximum sensitivity of 0.063 kPa-1 in the 0-23.6 kPa range, with a pressure response range of 0-654 kPa). The sensor also demonstrates a fast response time (128 ms) and excellent fatigue stability (>10,000 cycles). Additionally, this sensor holds great application potential for facial expression monitoring, joint motion detection, pressure distribution matrices, and Morse code communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiang Yin
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Tianjin Flying Pigeon Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 301600, China; (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Tao Xue
- Center of Analysis and Testing Facilities, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Tianjin Flying Pigeon Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 301600, China; (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Qiang Zou
- School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
- Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Internet of Things, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Intelligent Sensing, Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liang Y, Li H, Tang H, Zhang C, Men D, Mayer D. Bioinspired Electrolyte-Gated Organic Synaptic Transistors: From Fundamental Requirements to Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2025; 17:198. [PMID: 40122950 PMCID: PMC11930914 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-01708-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025]
Abstract
Rapid development of artificial intelligence requires the implementation of hardware systems with bioinspired parallel information processing and presentation and energy efficiency. Electrolyte-gated organic transistors (EGOTs) offer significant advantages as neuromorphic devices due to their ultra-low operation voltages, minimal hardwired connectivity, and similar operation environment as electrophysiology. Meanwhile, ionic-electronic coupling and the relatively low elastic moduli of organic channel materials make EGOTs suitable for interfacing with biology. This review presents an overview of the device architectures based on organic electrochemical transistors and organic field-effect transistors. Furthermore, we review the requirements of low energy consumption and tunable synaptic plasticity of EGOTs in emulating biological synapses and how they are affected by the organic materials, electrolyte, architecture, and operation mechanism. In addition, we summarize the basic operation principle of biological sensory systems and the recent progress of EGOTs as a building block in artificial systems. Finally, the current challenges and future development of the organic neuromorphic devices are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Liang
- Guangdong Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510335, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hangyu Li
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hu Tang
- Guangzhou Liby Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510370, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Men
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, People's Republic of China
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tian H, Lu W, Wang C, Wang R, Zhou P, Fei F, Xu M, Wang J. Development of highly robust polyurethane elastomers possessing self-healing capabilities for flexible sensors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2025. [PMID: 40111377 DOI: 10.1039/d5mh00022j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
Traditional flexible electronic sensing materials have fallen short in meeting the diverse application needs and environments of modern times. Hence, we require a multi-functional elastomer material to improve the overall performance and expand the functionality of flexible electronic sensors. In this study, we fabricated a multi-block polyurethane (PU) elastomer based on semi-crystalline polycaprolactone (PCL) chain segments and highly flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chain segments, which showcases outstanding mechanical properties, self-healing capabilities, and recyclability. By adjusting the ratio parameters of the chain segments, we were able to modulate the thermodynamic behavior, hydrophobicity, mechanical behavior, and self-healing properties of the designed PU elastomers. The optimized ratios exhibited good tensile strength (16.26 MPa), high elongation at break (3300.84%), good toughness (278.82 MJ m-3, fracture energy ≈ 234.96 KJ m-2), high self-repairing (≈100%, at room temperature for 12 h), efficient recyclability, and puncture resistance. Self-healing is accomplished through the interactions between dynamic disulfide bonds, dynamic boron-oxygen bonds, and hydrogen bonds. The conductive ink (PEDOT:PSS) was encapsulated within this elastomer to construct a flexible electronic sensor, attaining excellent sensing performance (stable output for 1000 cycles). This multi-functional polyurethane elastomer acts as an ideal matrix material for flexible electronic sensors, offering novel concepts and perspectives for the next generation of green electronic flexible materials, electronic flexible robots, and other stimulus-responsive materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wentong Lu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Caiyan Wang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Runhua Wang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peilong Zhou
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fan Fei
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengyang Xu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhong Y, Wang Y, Ma L, He P, Qin J, Gao J, Li J. Ultrasensitive Piezoelectric Sensor based on Polyimide Foam for Sound Recognition and Motion Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:11154-11163. [PMID: 39918277 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c22301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2025]
Abstract
The ultrasensitive piezoelectric sensors with the capability of sound recognition have attracted extensive attention due to their unique characteristics. However, the fabrication of acoustic sensors with favorable flexibility and sensitivity via simple and controllable methods remains a significant challenge. Herein, an ultrasensitive and adaptive acoustic sensor based on piezoelectric polyimide (PI) composite foams containing fluorine groups is developed. The uniform porous morphology endows the composite foam-based sensors with remarkable sensitivity of 0.9536 V/N over a broad pressure range (2.5-12.5 N), rapid response and recovery times (18 and 15 ms, respectively), and outstanding durability (over 19,000 cycles). Moreover, the sensors are capable of effectively monitoring human motions, and the generated piezoelectric output voltages reached ∼30 V for practical applications as intelligent household devices. In particular, the sensors exhibit excellent capability of detecting a wide range of acoustic sounds, indicating exceptional sensitivity. This work offers promising opportunities for the design and development of high-performance piezoelectric sensors for sound recognition, motion monitoring, and self-powered wearable devices in extreme environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Yugen Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Lijun Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Pengfei He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Jiaxin Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Jinlong Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics and Intelligent Textile, Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang S, Zhai H, Zhang Q, Hu X, Li Y, Xiong X, Ma R, Wang J, Chang Y, Wu L. Trends in Flexible Sensing Technology in Smart Wearable Mechanisms-Materials-Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 15:298. [PMID: 39997861 PMCID: PMC11858378 DOI: 10.3390/nano15040298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2025] [Revised: 02/10/2025] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 02/26/2025]
Abstract
Flexible sensors are revolutionizing our lives as a key component of intelligent wearables. Their pliability, stretchability, and diverse designs enable foldable and portable devices while enhancing comfort and convenience. Advances in materials science have provided numerous options for creating flexible sensors. The core of their application in areas like electronic skin, health medical monitoring, motion monitoring, and human-computer interaction is selecting materials that optimize sensor performance in weight, elasticity, comfort, and flexibility. This article focuses on flexible sensors, analyzing their "sensing mechanisms-materials-applications" framework. It explores their development trajectory, material characteristics, and contributions in various domains such as electronic skin, health medical monitoring, and human-computer interaction. The article concludes by summarizing current research achievements and discussing future challenges and opportunities. Flexible sensors are expected to continue expanding into new fields, driving the evolution of smart wearables and contributing to the intelligent development of society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China;
| | - Haorui Zhai
- School of Automotive Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.X.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Automotive Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Xueling Hu
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (L.W.)
- CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Yujiao Li
- School of Automotive Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Xin Xiong
- School of Automotive Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Ruhong Ma
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China;
| | - Jianlei Wang
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (L.W.)
- CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Ying Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
| | - Lixin Wu
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.H.); (L.W.)
- CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhan J, Kong Y, Zhou X, Gong H, Chen Q, Zhang X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Huang W. 3D printing of wearable sensors with strong stretchability for myoelectric rehabilitation. Biomater Sci 2025; 13:1021-1032. [PMID: 39815832 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm01434k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
Myoelectric biofeedback (EMG-BF) is a widely recognized and effective method for treating movement disorders caused by impaired nerve function. However, existing EMG-feedback devices are almost entirely located in large medical centers, which greatly limits patient accessibility. To address this critical limitation, there is an urgent need to develop a portable, cost-effective, and real-time monitoring device that can transcend the existing barriers to the treatment of EMG-BF. Our proposed solution leverages polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as core materials, ingeniously incorporating wood pulp nano celluloses (CNF-P)-Na+ to enhance the structural integrity. Additionally, the inclusion of nano-silica particles further augments the sensor's capabilities, enabling the creation of a stress-sensitive mineral ionization hydrogel sensor. This innovative approach not only capitalizes on the superior rheological properties of the materials but also, through advanced 3D printing technology, facilitates the production of a micro-scale structural hydrogel sensor with unparalleled sensitivity, stability, and durability. The potential of this sensor in the realm of human motion detection is nothing short of extraordinary. This development can potentially improve the treatment landscape for EMG-BF offering patients more convenient and efficient therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhan
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences Guangdong Medical University, 524000, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Yueying Kong
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haihuan Gong
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianlin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiankai Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences Guangdong Medical University, 524000, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China.
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences Guangdong Medical University, 524000, Zhanjiang, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liang A, Zhai J, Zou J, Chen X. Porous Carbon Nanoparticle Composite Paper Fiber with Laser-Induced Graphene Surface Microstructure for Pressure Sensing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2025; 41:2688-2698. [PMID: 39856562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c04486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2025]
Abstract
In recent years, flexible pressure sensors have played an increasingly important role in human health monitoring. Inspired by traditional papermaking techniques, we have developed a highly flexible, low-cost, and ecofriendly flexible pressure sensor using shredded paper fibers as the substrate. By combining the properties of laser-induced graphene with the structure of paper fibers, we have improved the internal structure of pressure-sensitive paper and designed a conical surface microstructure, providing new insights into nanomaterial engineering. It features low resistance (424.44 Ω), low energy consumption of only 0.367 μW under a pressure of 1.96 kPa, high sensitivity (1.68 kPa-1), and a wide monitoring range (98 Pa-111.720 kPa). The pressure-sensitive paper with surface microstructure (MFTG) developed in this study has a total thickness comparable to A4 paper, is soft and bendable, can be cut into any shape like paper to fit the human body, and holds great potential for continuous monitoring of human activity status and physiological information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aoxun Liang
- College of Transportation, Ludong University, No.186, Middle Hongqi Road, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Junlong Zhai
- College of Transportation, Ludong University, No.186, Middle Hongqi Road, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Jixu Zou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, No.186, Middle Hongqi Road, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Xueye Chen
- College of Transportation, Ludong University, No.186, Middle Hongqi Road, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Song Y, Sun W, Shi X, Qin Z, Wu Q, Yin S, Liang S, Liu Z, Sun H. Bio-inspired e-skin with integrated antifouling and comfortable wearing for self-powered motion monitoring and ultra-long-range human-machine interaction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2025; 679:1299-1310. [PMID: 39427584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin) inspired by the sensory function of the skin demonstrates broad application prospects in health, medicine, and human-machine interaction. Herein, we developed a self-powered all-fiber bio-inspired e-skin (AFBI E-skin) that integrated functions of antifouling, antibacterial, biocompatibility and breathability. AFBI E-skin was composed of three layers of electrospun nanofibrous films. The superhydrophobic outer layer Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-silica nanofibrous films (PVDF-SiO2 NFs) possessed antifouling properties against common liquids in daily life and resisted bacterial adhesion. The polyaniline nanofibrous films (PANI NFs) were used as the electrode layer, and it had strong "static" antibacterial capability. Meanwhile, the inner layer Polylactic acid nanofibrous films (PLA NFs) served as a biocompatible substrate. Based on the triboelectric nanogenerator principle, AFBI E-skin not only enabled self-powered sensing but also utilized the generated electrical stimulation for "dynamic" antibacterial. The "dynamic-static" synergistic antibacterial strategy greatly enhanced the antibacterial effect. AFBI E-skin could be used for self-powered motion monitoring to obtain a stable signal output even when water was splashed on its surface. Finally, based on AFBI E-skin, we constructed an ultra-long-range human-machine interaction control system, enabling synchronized hand gestures between human hand and robotic hand in any internet-covered area worldwide theoretically. AFBI E-skin exhibited vast application potential in fields like smart wearable electronics and intelligent robotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Song
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Wuliang Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Xinjian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Shengyan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Song Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Zhenning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Hang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xue J, Liu D, Li D, Hong T, Li C, Zhu Z, Sun Y, Gao X, Guo L, Shen X, Ma P, Zheng Q. New Carbon Materials for Multifunctional Soft Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2025; 37:e2312596. [PMID: 38490737 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Soft electronics are garnering significant attention due to their wide-ranging applications in artificial skin, health monitoring, human-machine interaction, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things. Various soft physical sensors such as mechanical sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors are the fundamental building blocks for soft electronics. While the fast growth and widespread utilization of electronic devices have elevated life quality, the consequential electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radiation pose potential threats to device precision and human health. Another substantial concern pertains to overheating issues that occur during prolonged operation. Therefore, the design of multifunctional soft electronics exhibiting excellent capabilities in sensing, EMI shielding, and thermal management is of paramount importance. Because of the prominent advantages in chemical stability, electrical and thermal conductivity, and easy functionalization, new carbon materials including carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, graphdiyne, and sustainable natural-biomass-derived carbon are particularly promising candidates for multifunctional soft electronics. This review summarizes the latest advancements in multifunctional soft electronics based on new carbon materials across a range of performance aspects, mainly focusing on the structure or composite design, and fabrication method on the physical signals monitoring, EMI shielding, and thermal management. Furthermore, the device integration strategies and corresponding intriguing applications are highlighted. Finally, this review presents prospects aimed at overcoming current barriers and advancing the development of state-of-the-art multifunctional soft electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xue
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Da Li
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Tianzeng Hong
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Chuanbing Li
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Zifu Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Xiaobo Gao
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Lei Guo
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- The Research Institute for Sports Science and Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Qingbin Zheng
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao X, Zhang S, Nan D, Han J, Kim JH. Human-Computer Interaction in Healthcare: A Bibliometric Analysis with CiteSpace. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:2467. [PMID: 39685090 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12232467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Revised: 11/26/2024] [Accepted: 11/28/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Studies on the application and exploration of human-computer interaction (HCI) technologies within the healthcare sector have rapidly expanded, showcasing the immense potential of HCI to enhance medical services, elevate patient experiences, and advance health management. Despite this proliferating interest, there is a notable shortage of comprehensive bibliometric analyses dedicated to the application of HCI in healthcare, which limits a thorough comprehension of the growth trends and future trajectories in this area. METHODS To bridge this gap, we employed bibliometric methods using the CiteSpace tool to systematically review and analyze the current state and trends of HCI research in healthcare. A meticulous topic search of Web of Science yielded 3598 papers published between 2004 and 2023. RESULTS Through literature analysis, the most productive researchers, institutes, and countries/territories and the collaboration networks among authors and countries within the field were analyzed. Additionally, by conducting a co-citation analysis, journals and literature with high citation rates and influence within the academic community in this field were revealed. Through a cluster analysis based on literature co-citations and keyword burst analyses, we further explored the main research themes and hot topics within the fields of healthcare and HCI. CONCLUSIONS In summary, through a comprehensive and systematic bibliometric analysis, this study provides a solid knowledge foundation for HCI in the healthcare research community, thereby fostering the development of innovative research and the optimization of practical applications in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Zhao
- Department of Interaction Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Republic of Korea
- Department of Human-Artificial Intelligence Interaction, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Republic of Korea
| | - Shunan Zhang
- Department of Interaction Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Republic of Korea
- Department of Human-Artificial Intelligence Interaction, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyan Nan
- School of Business, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jang Hyun Kim
- Department of Interaction Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Republic of Korea
- Department of Human-Artificial Intelligence Interaction, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Qin J, Tang Y, Zeng Y, Liu X, Tang D. Recent advances in flexible sensors: From sensing materials to detection modes. Trends Analyt Chem 2024; 181:118027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2024.118027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2025]
|
18
|
Li J, Fang Z, Wei D, Liu Y. Flexible Pressure, Humidity, and Temperature Sensors for Human Health Monitoring. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2401532. [PMID: 39285808 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024]
Abstract
The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, micro-nano manufacturing, and flexible electronics technology have unleashed unprecedented innovation and opportunities for applying flexible sensors in healthcare, wearable devices, and human-computer interaction. The human body's tactile perception involves physical parameters such as pressure, temperature, and humidity, all of which play an essential role in maintaining human health. Inspired by the sensory function of human skin, many bionic sensors have been developed to simulate human skin's perception to various stimuli and are widely applied in health monitoring. Given the urgent requirements for sensing performance and integration of flexible sensors in the field of wearable devices and health monitoring, here is a timely overview of recent advances in pressure, humidity, temperature, and multi-functional sensors for human health monitoring. It covers the fundamental components of flexible sensors and categorizes them based on different response mechanisms, including resistive, capacitive, voltage, and other types. Specifically, the application of these flexible tactile sensors in the area of human health monitoring is highlighted. Based on this, an extended overview of recent advances in dual/triple-mode flexible sensors integrating pressure, humidity, and temperature tactile sensing is presented. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of flexible sensors are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China
| | - Zhengping Fang
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Dongsong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
- Institute of Structured and Architected Materials, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang J, Shen H, Mao W, Wang Z, Liao B, Li Y, Wu T. Flexible pressure sensor with metallic reinforcement and graphene nanowalls for wearable electronics device. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 36:065501. [PMID: 39556885 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad93df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 11/20/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, flexible pressure sensors have been seen widespread adoption in various fields such as electronic skin, smart wearables, and human-computer interaction systems. Owing to the electrical conductivity and adaptability to flexible substrates, vertical graphene nanowalls (VGNs) have recently been recognized as promising materials for pressure-sensing applications. Our study presented the synthesis of high-quality VGNs via plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and the incorporation of a metal layer by electron beam evaporation, forming a stacked structure of VGNs/Metal/VGNs. Metal nanoparticles attached to the edges and surfaces of graphene nanosheets can alter the charge transport paths within the material to enhance the responsiveness of the sensor. This layered structure effectively fulfilled the requirements of flexible pressure sensors, exhibiting high sensitivity (40.15 kPa-1), low response time (88 ms), and short recovery time (97 ms). The pressure sensitivity remained intact even after 1000 bending cycles. Additionally, the factors contributing to the impressive pressure-sensing performance of this composite were found and its capability to detect human pulse and finger flexion signals was demonstrated, making it a promising candidate for applications of wearable electronics devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhe Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion, College of Materials Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglie Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion, College of Materials Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi HAC General Semitech Co., Ltd, Jiujiang 332001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibiao Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion, College of Materials Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion, College of Materials Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjie Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion, College of Materials Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion, College of Materials Science & Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi HAC General Semitech Co., Ltd, Jiujiang 332001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianru Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao J, Yang Y, Bo L, Qi J, Zhu Y. Research Progress on Applying Intelligent Sensors in Sports Science. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:7338. [PMID: 39599115 PMCID: PMC11598178 DOI: 10.3390/s24227338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
Smart sensors represent a significant advancement in modern sports science, and their effective use enhances the ability to monitor and analyze athlete performance in real time. The integration of these sensors has enhanced the accuracy of data collection related to physical activity, biomechanics, and physiological responses, thus providing valuable insights for performance optimization, injury prevention, and rehabilitation. This paper provides an overview of the research progress in the application of smart sensors in the field of sports science; highlights the current advances, challenges, and future directions in the deployment of smart sensor technologies; and anticipates their transformative impact on sports science and athlete development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Physical Education Teaching Department, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China;
| | - Yulong Yang
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Leng Bo
- College of Education, Beijing Sports University, Beijing 100091, China;
| | - Jiantao Qi
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhong S, Su L, Xu M, Loke D, Yu B, Zhang Y, Zhao R. Recent Advances in Artificial Sensory Neurons: Biological Fundamentals, Devices, Applications, and Challenges. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 17:61. [PMID: 39537845 PMCID: PMC11561216 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Spike-based neural networks, which use spikes or action potentials to represent information, have gained a lot of attention because of their high energy efficiency and low power consumption. To fully leverage its advantages, converting the external analog signals to spikes is an essential prerequisite. Conventional approaches including analog-to-digital converters or ring oscillators, and sensors suffer from high power and area costs. Recent efforts are devoted to constructing artificial sensory neurons based on emerging devices inspired by the biological sensory system. They can simultaneously perform sensing and spike conversion, overcoming the deficiencies of traditional sensory systems. This review summarizes and benchmarks the recent progress of artificial sensory neurons. It starts with the presentation of various mechanisms of biological signal transduction, followed by the systematic introduction of the emerging devices employed for artificial sensory neurons. Furthermore, the implementations with different perceptual capabilities are briefly outlined and the key metrics and potential applications are also provided. Finally, we highlight the challenges and perspectives for the future development of artificial sensory neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhong
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, 519031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lirou Su
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, 519031, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingkun Xu
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, 519031, People's Republic of China
| | - Desmond Loke
- Department of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Bin Yu
- College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 3112000, People's Republic of China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishu Zhang
- College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 3112000, People's Republic of China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang X, Ding H, Zhou Y, Li Z, Bai Y, Zhang L. Antidehydration and Stable Mechanical Properties during the Phase Transition of the PNIPAM-Based Hydrogel for Body-Temperature-Monitoring Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:62776-62787. [PMID: 39482995 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c15748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2024]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) enhances the reversibility and responsiveness of wearable temperature-sensitive devices. However, an open question is whether and how the hydrogel design can prevent adhesive performance loss caused by phase-transition-induced dehydration and unstable mechanical properties between devices and human skin and reduce interfacial failure. Herein, a gelatin-mesh scaffold-based hydrogel (NAGP-Gel) is constructed to inhibit dehydration and volume change, leading to stable mechanical properties, superior adhesiveness, and thermal sensing sensitivity during the phase transition. NAGP-Gel enhances the polymer chains-water interaction and weakens the degree of aggregation of polymer chains-chains, improving antidehydration properties under 45 °C conditions that are higher than the lower critical solution temperature (LCST; i.e., ∼32 °C). The mesh scaffold greatly restricts the phase-transition-induced polymer chain movement and maintains the mechanical performance. In a 60 °C environment, the maximum water loss and volume retention ratio of NAGP-Gel are only 3.58% and 97.3%, respectively. Additionally, NAGP-Gel serves as a temperature sensor, producing a stable thermal-electrical signal within the LCST range. It also can be assembled into an electronic device enabling the transmission of information and recognition of sign language via Morse code. This work broadens the application of PNIPAM in constructing intelligent hydrogels and opens the door to exploring emerging hydrogels for temperature-monitoring applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Ding
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P.R. China
| | - Yujia Zhou
- Department of Oil Storage and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum─Beijing, Beijing 100100, P.R. China
| | - Zhaozhao Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P.R. China
| | - Yongping Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Lidong Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P.R. China
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li S, Tian J, Li K, Xu K, Zhang J, Chen T, Li Y, Wang H, Wu Q, Xie J, Men Y, Liu W, Zhang X, Cao W, Huang Z. Intelligent Song Recognition via a Hollow-Microstructure-Based, Ultrasensitive Artificial Eardrum. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2405501. [PMID: 39301887 PMCID: PMC11558140 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Artificial ears with intelligence, which can sensitively detect sound-a variant of pressure-and generate consciousness and logical decision-making abilities, hold great promise to transform life. However, despite the emerging flexible sensors for sound detection, most success is limited to very simple phonemes, such as a couple of letters or words, probably due to the lack of device sensitivity and capability. Herein, the construction of ultrasensitive artificial eardrums enabling intelligent song recognition is reported. This strategy employs novel geometric engineering of sensing units in the soft microstructure array (to significantly reduce effective modulus) along with complex song recognition exploration leveraging machine learning algorithms. Unprecedented pressure sensitivity (6.9 × 103 kPa-1) is demonstrated in a sensor with a hollow pyramid architecture with porous slants. The integrated device exhibits unparalleled (exceeding by 1-2 orders of magnitude compared with reported benchmark samples) sound detection sensitivity, and can accurately identify 100% (for training set) and 97.7% (for test set) of a database of the segments from 77 songs varying in language, style, and singer. Overall, the results highlight the outstanding performance of the hollow-microstructure-based sensor, indicating its potential applications in human-machine interaction and wearable acoustical technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Jiangtao Tian
- School of Information Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Kemeng Xu
- School of Electronics and InformationXi'an Polytechnic UniversityXi'an710048China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Qiye Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Jinchun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Yongjun Men
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Weiping Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
- Center for CompositesCOMAC Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Co. Ltd.Shanghai201620China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- School of Electronics and InformationXi'an Polytechnic UniversityXi'an710048China
| | - Wenhan Cao
- School of Information Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Zhongjie Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fan W, Wang S, Li Q, Ren X, Zhang C, Wang H, Li M, Yang W, Deng W. An All-in-One Array of Pressure Sensors and sEMG Electrodes for Scoliosis Monitoring. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2404136. [PMID: 39115097 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024]
Abstract
Scoliosis often occurs in adolescents and seriously affects physical development and health. Traditionally, medical imaging is the most common means of evaluating the corrective effect of bracing during treatment. However, the imaging approach falls short in providing real-time feedback, and the optimal corrective force remains unclear, potentially slowing the patient's recovery progress. To tackle these challenges, an all-in-one integrated array of pressure sensors and sEMG electrodes based on hierarchical MXene/chitosan/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polyurethane sponge and MXene/polyimide (PI) is developed. Benefiting from the microstructured electrodes and the modulus enhancement of PDMS, the sensor demonstrates a high sensitivity of 444.3 kPa-1 and a broad linear detection range (up to 81.6 kPa). With the help of electrostatic attraction of chitosan and interface locking of PDMS, the pressure sensor achieves remarkable stability of over 100 000 cycles. Simultaneously, the sEMG electrodes offer exceptional stretchability and flexibility, functioning effectively at 60% strain, which ensures precise signal capture for various human motions. After integrating the developed all-in-one arrays into a commercial scoliosis brace, the system can accurately categorize human motion and predict Cobb angles aided by deep learning. This study provides real-time insights into brace effectiveness and patient progress, offering new ideas for improving the efficiency of scoliosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Fan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Shenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Qingyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Xiarong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Hanyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Murong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Frontier Science, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Weili Deng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yin H, Li Y, Tian Z, Li Q, Jiang C, Liang E, Guo Y. Ultra-High Sensitivity Anisotropic Piezoelectric Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring and Robotic Perception. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 17:42. [PMID: 39412621 PMCID: PMC11485280 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring minuscule mechanical signals, both in magnitude and direction, is imperative in many application scenarios, e.g., structural health monitoring and robotic sensing systems. However, the piezoelectric sensor struggles to satisfy the requirements for directional recognition due to the limited piezoelectric coefficient matrix, and achieving sensitivity for detecting micrometer-scale deformations is also challenging. Herein, we develop a vector sensor composed of lead zirconate titanate-electronic grade glass fiber composite filaments with oriented arrangement, capable of detecting minute anisotropic deformations. The as-prepared vector sensor can identify the deformation directions even when subjected to an unprecedented nominal strain of 0.06%, thereby enabling its utility in accurately discerning the 5 μm-height wrinkles in thin films and in monitoring human pulse waves. The ultra-high sensitivity is attributed to the formation of porous ferroelectret and the efficient load transfer efficiency of continuous lead zirconate titanate phase. Additionally, when integrated with machine learning techniques, the sensor's capability to recognize multi-signals enables it to differentiate between 10 types of fine textures with 100% accuracy. The structural design in piezoelectric devices enables a more comprehensive perception of mechanical stimuli, offering a novel perspective for enhancing recognition accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Tian
- Beijing Vacuum Electronics Research Institute, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Qichao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenhui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Enfu Liang
- Fundamental Science On Vibration, Shock and Noise Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sun M, Wang S, Liang Y, Wang C, Zhang Y, Liu H, Zhang Y, Han L. Flexible Graphene Field-Effect Transistors and Their Application in Flexible Biomedical Sensing. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 17:34. [PMID: 39373823 PMCID: PMC11458861 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Flexible electronics are transforming our lives by making daily activities more convenient. Central to this innovation are field-effect transistors (FETs), valued for their efficient signal processing, nanoscale fabrication, low-power consumption, fast response times, and versatility. Graphene, known for its exceptional mechanical properties, high electron mobility, and biocompatibility, is an ideal material for FET channels and sensors. The combination of graphene and FETs has given rise to flexible graphene field-effect transistors (FGFETs), driving significant advances in flexible electronics and sparked a strong interest in flexible biomedical sensors. Here, we first provide a brief overview of the basic structure, operating mechanism, and evaluation parameters of FGFETs, and delve into their material selection and patterning techniques. The ability of FGFETs to sense strains and biomolecular charges opens up diverse application possibilities. We specifically analyze the latest strategies for integrating FGFETs into wearable and implantable flexible biomedical sensors, focusing on the key aspects of constructing high-quality flexible biomedical sensors. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and prospects of FGFETs and their applications in biomedical sensors. This review will provide valuable insights and inspiration for ongoing research to improve the quality of FGFETs and broaden their application prospects in flexible biomedical sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Sun
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Liang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhong Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Song C, Liu J, Cao Y, Li W, He C. Efficient Solution Blow Spinning of PAN-CNTs Nanofiber-Based Pressure Sensors with Sandwich Structures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:20515-20525. [PMID: 39298673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
High-performance sensors play a crucial role in smart wearable technology and human-machine interaction. However, traditional metal- and silicon-based sensors face drawbacks, including limited flexibility, high cost, degradation issues, and insufficient sensitivity. Conductive composite fibers were produced using the spinning solution of PAN and PVB mixed with CNTs and spun at a flow rate of 20 mL·h-1. PAN-CNTs fiber felt formed a sandwich structure by impregnating CNTs aqueous solution, mechanical pressing, and coating graphene. A cost-effective PAN-CNTs nanofiber-based pressure sensor (PCPS) was developed, demonstrating excellent flexibility, conductivity, sensitivity, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. Nanofiber-based pressure sensors exhibited high sensitivity, with an approximately 75% relative resistance change under a 1 N pressure load. They can withstand 360° bending and have a rapid response time of about 160 ms. PCPS holds significant potential for flexible electronics, smart wearables, and micropressure detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
| | - Jinmeng Liu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
| | - Chong He
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen Y, Zhang X, Lu C. Flexible piezoelectric materials and strain sensors for wearable electronics and artificial intelligence applications. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc05166a. [PMID: 39355228 PMCID: PMC11440360 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc05166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the applications of flexible piezoelectric sensors in health monitoring and human-machine interaction have attracted increasing attention. Recent advances in flexible materials and fabrication technologies have promoted practical applications of wearable devices, enabling their assembly in various forms such as ultra-thin films, electronic skins and electronic tattoos. These piezoelectric sensors meet the requirements of high integration, miniaturization and low power consumption, while simultaneously maintaining their unique sensing performance advantages. This review provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge research studies on enhanced wearable piezoelectric sensors. Promising piezoelectric polymer materials are highlighted, including polyvinylidene fluoride and conductive hydrogels. Material engineering strategies for improving sensitivity, cycle life, biocompatibility, and processability are summarized and discussed focusing on filler doping, fabrication techniques optimization, and microstructure engineering. Additionally, this review presents representative application cases of smart piezoelectric sensors in health monitoring and human-machine interaction. Finally, critical challenges and promising principles concerning advanced manufacture, biological safety and function integration are discussed to shed light on future directions in the field of piezoelectrics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Chao Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Naz A, Meng Y, Luo J, Khan IA, Abbas R, Yu S, Wei J. Cutting-Edge Perovskite-Based Flexible Pressure Sensors Made Possible by Piezoelectric Innovation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4196. [PMID: 39274586 PMCID: PMC11395823 DOI: 10.3390/ma17174196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
In the area of flexible electronics, pressure sensors are a widely utilized variety of flexible electronics that are both indispensable and prevalent. The importance of pressure sensors in various fields is currently increasing, leading to the exploration of materials with unique structural and piezoelectric properties. Perovskite-based materials are ideal for use as flexible pressure sensors (FPSs) due to their flexibility, chemical composition, strain tolerance, high piezoelectric and piezoresistive properties, and potential integration with other technologies. This article presents a comprehensive study of perovskite-based materials used in FPSs and discusses their components, performance, and applications in detecting human movement, electronic skin, and wireless monitoring. This work also discusses challenges like material instability, durability, and toxicity, the limited widespread application due to environmental factors and toxicity concerns, and complex fabrication and future directions for perovskite-based FPSs, providing valuable insights for researchers in structural health monitoring, physical health monitoring, and industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeela Naz
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingjing Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Imtiaz Ahmad Khan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rimsha Abbas
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Suzhu Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Han S, Li S, Fu X, Han S, Chen H, Zhang L, Wang J, Sun G. Research Progress of Flexible Piezoresistive Sensors Based on Polymer Porous Materials. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3848-3863. [PMID: 39046083 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Flexible piezoresistive sensors are in high demand in areas such as wearable devices, electronic skin, and human-machine interfaces due to their advantageous features, including low power consumption, excellent bending stability, broad testing pressure range, and simple manufacturing technology. With the advancement of intelligent technology, higher requirements for the sensitivity, accuracy, response time, measurement range, and weather resistance of piezoresistive sensors are emerging. Due to the designability of polymer porous materials and conductive phases, and with more multivariate combinations, it is possible to achieve higher sensitivity and lower detection limits, which are more promising than traditional flexible sensor materials. Based on this, this work reviews recent advancements in research on flexible pressure sensors utilizing polymer porous materials. Furthermore, this review examines sensor performance optimization and development from the perspectives of three-dimensional porous flexible substrate regulation, sensing material selection and composite technology, and substrate and sensing material structure design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Han
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- China Academy of Machinery Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection Company, Ltd., Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fu
- Wuhan Second Ship Design & Research Institute, Wuhan 430064, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihui Han
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanyu Chen
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaohui Sun
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zheng B, Guo R, Dou X, Fu Y, Yang B, Liu X, Zhou F. Blade-Coated Porous 3D Carbon Composite Electrodes Coupled with Multiscale Interfaces for Highly Sensitive All-Paper Pressure Sensors. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:267. [PMID: 39134809 PMCID: PMC11319548 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Flexible and wearable pressure sensors hold immense promise for health monitoring, covering disease detection and postoperative rehabilitation. Developing pressure sensors with high sensitivity, wide detection range, and cost-effectiveness is paramount. By leveraging paper for its sustainability, biocompatibility, and inherent porous structure, herein, a solution-processed all-paper resistive pressure sensor is designed with outstanding performance. A ternary composite paste, comprising a compressible 3D carbon skeleton, conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), and cohesive carbon nanotubes, is blade-coated on paper and naturally dried to form the porous composite electrode with hierachical micro- and nano-structured surface. Combined with screen-printed Cu electrodes in submillimeter finger widths on rough paper, this creates a multiscale hierarchical contact interface between electrodes, significantly enhancing sensitivity (1014 kPa-1) and expanding the detection range (up to 300 kPa) of as-resulted all-paper pressure sensor with low detection limit and power consumption. Its versatility ranges from subtle wrist pulses, robust finger taps, to large-area spatial force detection, highlighting its intricate submillimeter-micrometer-nanometer hierarchical interface and nanometer porosity in the composite electrode. Ultimately, this all-paper resistive pressure sensor, with its superior sensing capabilities, large-scale fabrication potential, and cost-effectiveness, paves the way for next-generation wearable electronics, ushering in an era of advanced, sustainable technological solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruisheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjun Yang
- Research Center of Resource Chemistry and Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese of Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai, 264006, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yi L, Wang D, Zhao Y, Li Y, Lin K, Wang L, Liu F. A Multielectrode Layout for High Reliability of Flexible Piezoresistive Sensor: One Stimulus Signal to Three Sensing Signals. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3671-3679. [PMID: 38937945 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Flexible sensors have developed rapidly due to their great application potential in the intelligent era. However, the frequent bending work requirements pose a serious challenge to the mechanical reliability of flexible sensors. Herein, a strategy of using a new multielectrode layout to achieve multiple sensing signals based on one external signal is proposed for the first time to improve the reliability of flexible piezoresistive sensors. The multielectrode layout consists of a pair of interdigital electrodes and a bottom electrode. The interdigitated electrodes are used to sense the change in the surface resistance of the sensor, and the interdigital electrodes and the bottom electrode are used to sense the change in the bulk resistance of the sensor. As a result, without increasing the sensing unit area, the electrode layout allows the sensor to generate three response electrical signals when sensing an external pressure, thus improving the reliability of the sensor. Based on the electrode layout, a highly reliable flexible piezoresistive sensor with a multilevel porous structure is obtained by a microwave foaming method with a template. In the working state of sensing surface resistance, the sensor has a 22.12 kPa-1 sensitivity. Meanwhile, in the working state of sensing bulk resistance, the sensor shows a 55.17 kPa-1 sensitivity. Furthermore, the sensor is applied to monitor human pulse and speech signals, demonstrating its multisignal output characteristics and potential applications in flexible electronics. In conclusion, the new strategy of using the proposed electrode layout to improve the reliability of flexible sensors is expected to greatly promote the practical application of flexible electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longju Yi
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Deng Wang
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yunfan Li
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ke Lin
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Longhai Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen B, Shen K, Li Y, Huang B, Su H, Xu J, Yang S, Zhou Q, Lan L, Peng J, Cao Y. Artificial Multi-Stimulus-Responsive E-Skin Based on an Ionic Film with a Counter-Ion Exchange Reagent. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310847. [PMID: 38385814 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Sensing pressure and temperature are two important functions of human skin that integrate different types of tactile receptors. In this paper, a deformable artificial flexible multi-stimulus-responsive sensor is demonstrated that can distinguish mechanical pressure from temperature by measuring the impedance and the electrical phase at the same frequency without signal interference. The electrical phase, which is used for measuring the temperature, is totally independent of the pressure by controlling the surface micro-shapes and the ion content of the ionic film. By doping the counter-ion exchange reagent into the ionic liquid before pouring, the upper temperature measuring limit increases from 35 to 50 °C, which is higher than the human body temperature and the ambient temperature on Earth. The sensor shows high sensitivity to pressure (up to 0.495 kPa-1) and a wide temperature sensing range (-10 to 50 °C). A multimodal ion-electronic skin (IEM-skin) with an 8 × 8 multi-stimulus-responsive sensor array is fabricated and can successfully sense the distribution of temperature and pressure at the same time. Finally, the sensors are used for monitoring the touching motions of a robot-arm finger controlled by a remote interactive glove and successfully detect the touching states and the temperature changes of different objects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baozhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kangxin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Huiming Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jintao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Linfeng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Junbiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Qu X, Wu Y, Han Z, Li J, Deng L, Xie R, Zhang G, Wang H, Chen S. Highly Sensitive Fiber Crossbar Sensors Enabled by Second-Order Synergistic Effect of Air Capacitance and Equipotential Body. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311498. [PMID: 38377274 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Fiber crossbars, an emerging electronic device, have become the most promising basic unit for advanced smart textiles. The demand for highly sensitive fiber crossbar sensors (FCSs) in wearable electronics is increased. However, the unique structure of FCSs presents challenges in replicating existing sensitivity enhancement strategies. Aiming at the sensitivity of fiber crossbar sensors, a second-order synergistic strategy is proposed that combines air capacitance and equipotential bodies, resulting in a remarkable sensitivity enhancement of over 20 times for FCSs. This strategy offers a promising avenue for the design and fabrication of FCSs that do not depend on intricate microstructures. Furthermore, the integrative structure of core-sheath fibers ensures a robust interface, leading to a low hysteresis of only 2.33% and exceptional stability. The outstanding capacitive response performance of FCSs allows them to effectively capture weak signals such as pulses and sounds. This capability opens up possibilities for the application of FCSs in personalized health management, as demonstrated by wireless monitoring systems based on pulse signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zhiliang Han
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Lili Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Ruimin Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Guanglin Zhang
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Huaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shao B, Chen X, Chen X, Peng S, Song M. Advancements in MXene Composite Materials for Wearable Sensors: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4092. [PMID: 39000870 PMCID: PMC11244375 DOI: 10.3390/s24134092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT), manufacturing processes, and material synthesis technologies have positioned flexible sensors as critical components in wearable devices. These developments are propelling wearable technologies based on flexible sensors towards higher intelligence, convenience, superior performance, and biocompatibility. Recently, two-dimensional nanomaterials known as MXenes have garnered extensive attention due to their excellent mechanical properties, outstanding electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, and abundant surface functional groups. These notable attributes confer significant potential on MXenes for applications in strain sensing, pressure measurement, gas detection, etc. Furthermore, polymer substrates such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyurethane (PU), and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) are extensively utilized as support materials for MXene and its composites due to their light weight, flexibility, and ease of processing, thereby enhancing the overall performance and wearability of the sensors. This paper reviews the latest advancements in MXene and its composites within the domains of strain sensors, pressure sensors, and gas sensors. We present numerous recent case studies of MXene composite material-based wearable sensors and discuss the optimization of materials and structures for MXene composite material-based wearable sensors, offering strategies and methods to enhance the development of MXene composite material-based wearable sensors. Finally, we summarize the current progress of MXene wearable sensors and project future trends and analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Shao
- School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.S.); (X.C.); (X.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.S.); (X.C.); (X.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Xingwei Chen
- School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.S.); (X.C.); (X.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Shuzhe Peng
- School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.S.); (X.C.); (X.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Mingxin Song
- School of Electronic Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cao Y, Xu B, Li B, Fu H. Advanced Design of Soft Robots with Artificial Intelligence. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:214. [PMID: 38869734 PMCID: PMC11176285 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive review focused on the whole systems of the soft robotics with artificial intelligence, which can feel, think, react and interact with humans, is presented. The design strategies concerning about various aspects of the soft robotics, like component materials, device structures, prepared technologies, integrated method, and potential applications, are summarized. A broad outlook on the future considerations for the soft robots is proposed. In recent years, breakthrough has been made in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), which has also revolutionized the industry of robotics. Soft robots featured with high-level safety, less weight, lower power consumption have always been one of the research hotspots. Recently, multifunctional sensors for perception of soft robotics have been rapidly developed, while more algorithms and models of machine learning with high accuracy have been optimized and proposed. Designs of soft robots with AI have also been advanced ranging from multimodal sensing, human–machine interaction to effective actuation in robotic systems. Nonetheless, comprehensive reviews concerning the new developments and strategies for the ingenious design of the soft robotic systems equipped with AI are rare. Here, the new development is systematically reviewed in the field of soft robots with AI. First, background and mechanisms of soft robotic systems are briefed, after which development focused on how to endow the soft robots with AI, including the aspects of feeling, thought and reaction, is illustrated. Next, applications of soft robots with AI are systematically summarized and discussed together with advanced strategies proposed for performance enhancement. Design thoughts for future intelligent soft robotics are pointed out. Finally, some perspectives are put forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cao
- Nanotechnology Center, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingang Xu
- Nanotechnology Center, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Fu
- Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ding Z, Li W, Wang W, Zhao Z, Zhu Y, Hou B, Zhu L, Chen M, Che L. Highly Sensitive Iontronic Pressure Sensor with Side-by-Side Package Based on Alveoli and Arch Structure. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309407. [PMID: 38491739 PMCID: PMC11199976 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors play a significant role in wearable devices and electronic skin. Iontronic pressure sensors with high sensitivity, wide measurement range, and high resolution can meet requirements. Based on the significant deformation characteristics of alveoli to improve compressibility, and the ability of the arch to disperse vertical pressure into horizontal thrust to increase contact area, a graded hollow ball arch (GHBA) microstructure is proposed, greatly improving sensitivity. The fabrication of GHBA ingeniously employs a double-sided structure. One side uses mold casting to create convex structures, while the other utilizes the evaporation of moisture during the curing process to form concave structures. At the same time, a novel side-by-side package structure is proposed, ensuring pressure on flexible substrate is maximally transferred to the GHBA microstructure. Within the range of 0.2 Pa-300 kPa, the iontronic pressure sensor achieves a maximum sensitivity of 10 420.8 kPa-1, pressure resolution of 0.1% under the pressure of 100 kPa, and rapid response/recovery time of 40/35 ms. In wearable devices, it is capable of monitoring dumbbell curl exercises and wirelessly correcting sitting positions. In electronic skin, it can non-contactly detect the location of the wind source and achieve object classification prediction when combined with the CNN model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ding
- College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- Center for MicroelectronicsShaoxing InstituteZhejiang UniversityShaoxing312035China
| | - Weijian Li
- College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Weidong Wang
- College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Zhengqian Zhao
- College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Ye Zhu
- College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Baoyin Hou
- College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Lufeng Che
- College of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- Center for MicroelectronicsShaoxing InstituteZhejiang UniversityShaoxing312035China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chenani H, Saeidi M, Rastkhiz MA, Bolghanabadi N, Aghaii AH, Orouji M, Hatamie A, Simchi A. Challenges and Advances of Hydrogel-Based Wearable Electrochemical Biosensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Biofluids: From Lab to Market. A Review. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8160-8183. [PMID: 38377558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Chenani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saeidi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - MahsaSadat Adel Rastkhiz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Bolghanabadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Aghaii
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Orouji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hatamie
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Prof. Sobouti Boulevard, PO Box 45195-1159, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Simchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 14588 89694 Tehran, Iran
- Center for Bioscience and Technology, Institute for Convergence Science and Technology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liu Y, Wang B, Chen J, Zhu M, Jiang Z. Flexible Nanofiber Pressure Sensors with Hydrophobic Properties for Wearable Electronics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2463. [PMID: 38793529 PMCID: PMC11122862 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, flexible pressure sensors have received considerable attention for their potential applications in health monitoring and human-machine interfaces. However, the development of flexible pressure sensors with excellent sensitivity performance and a variety of advantageous characteristics remains a significant challenge. In this paper, a high-performance flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor, BC/ZnO, is developed with a sensitive element consisting of bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibrous aerogel modified by ZnO nanorods. The BC/ZnO pressure sensor exhibits excellent mechanical and hydrophobic properties, as well as a high sensitivity of -15.93 kPa-1 and a wide range of detection pressure (0.3-20 kPa), fast response (300 ms), and good cyclic durability (>1000). Furthermore, the sensor exhibits excellent sensing performance in real-time monitoring of a wide range of human behaviors, including mass movements and subtle physiological signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Baoxiu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (M.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Fibers & Products, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jiapeng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Min Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Zhenlin Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (M.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Fibers & Products, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu J, Qiu Z, Kan H, Guan T, Zhou C, Qian K, Wang C, Li Y. Incorporating Machine Learning Strategies to Smart Gloves Enabled by Dual-Network Hydrogels for Multitask Control and User Identification. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1886-1895. [PMID: 38529839 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Smart gloves are often used in human-computer interaction scenarios due to their portability and ease of integration. However, their application in the field of information security has been less studied. Herein, we propose a smart glove using an iontronic capacitive sensor with significant pressure-sensing performance. Besides, an operator interface has been developed to match the smart glove, which is capable of multitasking integration of mouse movement, music playback, game control, and message typing in Internet chat rooms by capturing and encoding finger-tapping movements. In addition, by integrating machine learning, we can mine the characteristics of individual behavioral habits contained in the sensor signals and, based on this, achieve a deep binding of the user to the smart glove. The proposed smart glove can greatly facilitate people's lives, as well as explore a new strategy in research on the application of smart gloves in data security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Liu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing University of Jinan Jinan 250022, China
| | - Zhicheng Qiu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing University of Jinan Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hao Kan
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing University of Jinan Jinan 250022, China
| | - Tao Guan
- Sansan Intelligence Technology (Rizhao) Co., LTD, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Changyang Zhou
- Sansan Intelligence Technology (Rizhao) Co., LTD, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Kai Qian
- School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing University of Jinan Jinan 250022, China
- School of Integrated Circuits, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Huang B, Feng J, He J, Huang W, Huang J, Yang S, Duan W, Zhou Z, Zeng Z, Gui X. High Sensitivity and Wide Linear Range Flexible Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor with Microspheres as Spacers for Pronunciation Recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:19298-19308. [PMID: 38568137 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors have received great popularity in flexible electronics due to their simple structure and promising applications in health monitoring and artificial intelligence. However, the contradiction between sensitivity and detection range limits the application of the sensors in the medium-pressure regime. Here, a flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor is fabricated by combining a hierarchical spinous microstructure sensitive layer and a periodic microsphere array spacer. The sensor achieves high sensitivity (39.1 kPa-1) and outstanding linearity (0.99, R2 coefficient) in a medium-pressure regime, as well as a wide range of detection (100 Pa-160.0 kPa), high detection precision (<0.63‰ full scale), and excellent durability (>5000 cycles). The mechanism of the microsphere array spacer in improving sensitivity and detection range was revealed through finite element analysis. Furthermore, the sensors have been utilized to detect muscle and joint movements, spatial pressure distributions, and throat movements during pronouncing words. By means of a full-connect artificial neural network for machine learning, the sensor's output of different pronounced words can be precisely distinguished and classified with an overall accuracy of 96.0%. Overall, the high-performance flexible pressure sensor based on a microsphere array spacer has great potential in health monitoring, human-machine interface, and artificial intelligence of medium-pressure regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingfang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiyong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Junkai He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weibo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Junhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shaodian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenfeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Guangzhou City University of Technology, Guangzhou 510800, China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xuchun Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhou Y, Wang X, Lin X, Wang Z, Huang Z, Guo L, Xie H, Xu X, Dong F. Strong and tough poly(vinyl alcohol)/xanthan gum-based ionic conducting hydrogel enabled through the synergistic effect of ion cross-linking and salting out. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130511. [PMID: 38423443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of ionic conductive hydrogels (ICHs) are generally inadequate, leading to their susceptibility to breakage under external forces and consequently resulting in the failure of flexible electronic devices. In this work, a simple and convenient strategy was proposed based on the synergistic effect of ion cross-linking and salting out, in which the hydrogels consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and xanthan gum (XG) were immersed in zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) solution to obtain ICHs with exceptional mechanical properties. The salt-out effects between PVA chains and SO42- ions along with the cross-linked network of XG chains and Zn2+ ions contribute to the desirable mechanical properties of ICHs. Notably, the mechanical properties of ICHs can be adjusted by changing the concentration of ZnSO4 solution. Consequently, the optimum fracture stress and the fracture energy can reach 3.38 MPa and 12.13 KJ m-2, respectively. Moreover, the ICHs demonstrated a favorable sensitivity (up to 2.05) when utilized as a strain sensor, exhibiting an accurate detection of human body movements across various amplitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiangyu Lin
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhuomin Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lizhen Guo
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xu Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Fuhao Dong
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pang C, Li F, Hu X, Meng K, Pan H, Xiang Y. Degradable silk fibroin based piezoresistive sensor for wearable biomonitoring. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:55. [PMID: 38526672 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Degradable wearable electronics are attracting increasing attention to weaken or eliminate the negative effect of waste e-wastes and promote the development of medical implants without secondary post-treatment. Although various degradable materials have been explored for wearable electronics, the development of degradable wearable electronics with integrated characteristics of highly sensing performances and low-cost manufacture remains challenging. Herein, we developed a facile, low-cost, and environmentally friendly approach to fabricate a biocompatible and degradable silk fibroin based wearable electronics (SFWE) for on-body monitoring. A combination of rose petal templating and hollow carbon nanospheres endows as-fabricated SFWE with good sensitivity (5.63 kPa-1), a fast response time (147 ms), and stable durability (15,000 cycles). The degradable phenomenon has been observed in the solution of 1 M NaOH, confirming that silk fibroin based wearable electronics possess degradable property. Furthermore, the as-fabricated SFWE have been demonstrated that have abilities to monitor knuckle bending, muscle movement, and facial expression. This work offers an ecologically-benign and cost-effective approach to fabricate high-performance wearable electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Pang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xiaorao Hu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Keyu Meng
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Hong Pan
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Yong Xiang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
- Advanced Energy Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
- Sichuan Flexible Display Material Genome Engineering Center, Chengdu, China.
- Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li Z, Guan T, Zhang W, Liu J, Xiang Z, Gao Z, He J, Ding J, Bian B, Yi X, Wu Y, Liu Y, Shang J, Li R. Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensor Based on Elastic Conductive Microspheres. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1640. [PMID: 38475176 DOI: 10.3390/s24051640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Elastic pressure sensors play a crucial role in the digital economy, such as in health care systems and human-machine interfacing. However, the low sensitivity of these sensors restricts their further development and wider application prospects. This issue can be resolved by introducing microstructures in flexible pressure-sensitive materials as a common method to improve their sensitivity. However, complex processes limit such strategies. Herein, a cost-effective and simple process was developed for manufacturing surface microstructures of flexible pressure-sensitive films. The strategy involved the combination of MXene-single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) with mass-produced Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microspheres to form advanced microstructures. Next, the conductive silica gel films with pitted microstructures were obtained through a 3D-printed mold as flexible electrodes, and assembled into flexible resistive pressure sensors. The sensor exhibited a sensitivity reaching 2.6 kPa-1 with a short response time of 56 ms and a detection limit of 5.1 Pa. The sensor also displayed good cyclic stability and time stability, offering promising features for human health monitoring applications.
Collapse
Grants
- U22A20248, 52127803, 51931011, 51971233, 62174165, 52201236, M-0152, U20A6001, U1909215, and 52105286 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 174433KYSB20200013 External Cooperation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- GJTD-2020-11 the K.C. Wong Education Foundation
- 2022080 the Chinese Academy of Sciences Youth Innovation Promotion Association
- 2022C01032 the "Pioneer" and "Leading Goose" R&D Program of Zhejiang
- 2021C01183, 2021C01039 the Zhejiang Provincial Key R&D Program
- 2022R52004 the "High-level talent special support plan" technology innovation leading talent project of Zhejiang Province
- LD22E010002 the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province
- LGG20F010006 the Zhejiang Provincial Basic Public Welfare Research Project
- 2020Z022 the Ningbo Scientific and Technological Innovation 2025 Major Project
- 2022M723251 the China Postdoctoral Foundation
- 2023J049 National Science Foundation of Ningbo
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangling Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tong Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wuxu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinyun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziyin Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Zhiyi Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jing He
- School of Software and Electrical Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Baoru Bian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiaohui Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuanzhao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Runwei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu K, Wang M, Huang C, Yuan Y, Ning Y, Zhang L, Wan P. Flexible Bioinspired Healable Antibacterial Electronics for Intelligent Human-Machine Interaction Sensing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305672. [PMID: 38140748 PMCID: PMC10933681 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronic sensors are receiving numerous research interests for their potential in electronic skins (e-skins), wearable human-machine interfacing, and smart diagnostic healthcare sensing. However, the preparation of multifunctional flexible electronics with high sensitivity, broad sensing range, fast response, efficient healability, and reliable antibacterial capability is still a substantial challenge. Herein, bioinspired by the highly sensitive human skin microstructure (protective epidermis/spinous sensing structure/nerve conduction network), a skin bionic multifunctional electronics is prepared by face-to-face assembly of a newly prepared healable, recyclable, and antibacterial polyurethane elastomer matrix with conductive MXene nanosheets-coated microdome array after ingenious templating method as protective epidermis layer/sensing layer, and an interdigitated electrode as signal transmission layer. The polyurethane elastomer matrix functionalized with triple dynamic bonds (reversible hydrogen bonds, oxime carbamate bonds, and copper (II) ion coordination bonds) is newly prepared, demonstrating excellent healability with highly healing efficiency, robust recyclability, and reliable antibacterial capability, as well as good biocompatibility. Benefiting from the superior mechanical performance of the polyurethane elastomer matrix and the unique skin bionic microstructure of the sensor, the as-assembled flexible electronics exhibit admirable sensing performances featuring ultrahigh sensitivity (up to 1573.05 kPa-1 ), broad sensing range (up to 325 kPa), good reproducibility, the fast response time (≈4 ms), and low detection limit (≈0.98 Pa) in diagnostic human healthcare monitoring, excellent healability, and reliable antibacterial performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Mingcheng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Chenlin Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Yue Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Yao Ning
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Pengbo Wan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu Y, Zhu Y, Xu Z, Xu X, Xue P, Jiang H, Zhang Z, Gao M, Liu H, Cheng B. Nanocellulose based ultra-elastic and durable foams for smart packaging applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121674. [PMID: 38171661 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Foams with advanced sensing properties and excellent mechanical properties are promising candidates for smart packaging materials. However, the fabrication of ultra-elastic and durable foams is still challenging. Herein, we report a universal strategy to obtain ultra-elastic and durable foams by crosslinking cellulose nanofiber and MXene via strong covalent bonds and assembling the composites into anisotropic cellular structures. The obtained composite foam shows an excellent compressive strain of up to 90 % with height retention of 97.1 % and retains around 90.3 % of its original height even after 100,000 compressive cycles at 80 % strain. Their cushioning properties were systematically investigated, which are superior to that of wildly-used petroleum-based expanded polyethylene and expanded polystyrene. By employing the foam in a piezoelectric sensor, a smart cushioning packaging and pressure monitoring system is constructed to protect inner precision cargo and detect endured pressure during transportation for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yaping Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Zijun Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xin Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Pan Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, PR China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Research and Development Department, Jiangxi Changshuo Outdoor Leisure Products Co., Jiangxi 335500, PR China
| | - Zhengjian Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Meng Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Bowen Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang J, Chen R, Ji D, Xu W, Zhang W, Zhang C, Zhou W, Luo T. Integrating In-Plane Thermoelectricity and Out-Plane Piezoresistivity for Fully Decoupled Temperature-Pressure Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307800. [PMID: 37948417 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
A flexible sensor that simultaneously senses temperature and pressure is crucial in various fields, such as human-machine interaction, artificial intelligence, and biomedical applications. Previous research has mainly focused on single-function flexible sensors for e-skins or smart devices, and integrated bimodal sensing of temperature and pressure without complex crosstalk decoupling algorithms remains challenging. In this work, a flexible bimodal sensor is proposed that utilizes spatial orthogonality between in-plane thermoelectricity and out-plane piezoresistivity, which enables fully decoupled temperature-pressure sensing. The proposed bimodal sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 281.46 µV K-1 for temperature sensing and 2.181 kPa-1 for pressure sensing. In the bimodal sensing mode, the sensor exhibits negligible mutual interference, providing a measurement error of ± 7% and ± 8% for temperature and pressure, respectively, within a 120 kPa pressure range and a 40 K temperature variation. Additionally, simultaneous spatial mapping of temperature and pressure with a bimodal sensor array enables contact shape identification with enhanced accuracy beyond the limit imposed by the number of sensing units. The proposed integrated bimodal sensing strategy does not require complex crosstalk decoupling algorithms, which represents a significant advancement in flexible sensors for applications that necessitate simultaneous sensing of temperature and pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Wang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wenzhuo Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Li Y, Lei X, Guo D, Zhao Y, Zeng Z, Yi L, Li P, Liu F, Ren TL. Laser-Induced Skin-like Flexible Pressure Sensor for Artificial Intelligence Speech Recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10380-10388. [PMID: 38356188 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Skin-like flexible pressure sensors with good sensing performance have great application potential, but their development is limited owing to the need for multistep, high-cost, and low-efficiency preparation processes. Herein, a simple, low-cost, and efficient laser-induced forming process is proposed for the first time to prepare a skin-like flexible piezoresistive sensor. In the laser-induced forming process, based on the photothermal effect of graphene and the foaming effect of glucose, a skin-like polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) film with porous structures and surface protrusions is obtained by using infrared laser irradiation of the glucose/graphene/PDMS prepolymer film. Further, based on the skin-like PDMS film with a graphene conductive layer, a new skin-like flexible piezoresistive sensor is obtained. Due to the stress concentration caused by the surface protrusions and the low stiffness caused by the porous structures, the flexible piezoresistive sensor realizes an ultrahigh sensitivity of 1348 kPa-1 at 0-2 kPa, a wide range of 200 kPa, a fast response/recovery time of 52 ms/35 ms, and good stability over 5000 cycles. The application of the sensor to the detection of human pulses and robot clamping force indicates its potential for health monitoring and soft robots. Furthermore, in combination with the neural network (CNN) algorithm in artificial intelligence technology, the sensor achieves 95% accuracy in speech recognition, which demonstrates its great potential for intelligent wearable electronics. Especially, the laser-induced forming process is expected to facilitate the efficient, large-scale preparation of flexible devices with multilevel structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Li
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiao Lei
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Dingyi Guo
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ziran Zeng
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Longju Yi
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Peilong Li
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
An T, Zhang Y, Wen J, Dong Z, Du Q, Liu L, Wang Y, Xing G, Zhao X. Multi-Level Pyramidal Microstructure-Based Pressure Sensors with High Sensitivity and Wide Linear Range for Healthcare Monitoring. ACS Sens 2024; 9:726-735. [PMID: 38266628 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors have garnered significant attention in the field of wearable healthcare due to their scalability and shape variability. However, a crucial challenge in their practical application for various healthcare scenarios is striking a balance between the sensitivity and sensing range. This limitation arises from the reduced compressibility of the microstructures on the surface of pressure-sensitive materials under high pressure, resulting in progressive saturation of the sensor's response and leading to a restricted and nonlinear pressure sensing range. In this study, we present a novel approach utilizing multi-level pyramidal microstructures in flexible pressure sensors to achieve both high sensitivity (8775 kPa-1) and linear response (R2 = 0.997) over a wide pressure range (up to 1000 kPa). The effectiveness of the proposed design stems from the compensatory behavior of the lower pyramidal microstructures, which counteracts the declining sensitivity associated with the gradual hardening of the higher pyramidal microstructures. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrates a fast response time of 11.6 ms and a fast relaxation time of 3.8 ms and can reliably detect pressures as low as 30.2 Pa. Our findings highlight the applicability of this flexible pressure sensor in diverse human body health detection tasks, ranging from weak pulses to finger flexion and plantar pressure distribution. Notably, the proposed sensor design eliminates the need for replacing flexible pressure sensors with varying ranges, thereby enhancing their practical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongge An
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Qiantang Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Shangyu Institute of Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Jiahong Wen
- The College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Shangyu Institute of Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Zhichao Dong
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Qiantang Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qifeng Du
- Qiantang Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Long Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Guozhong Xing
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhou H, Li S, Ang KW, Zhang YW. Recent Advances in In-Memory Computing: Exploring Memristor and Memtransistor Arrays with 2D Materials. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:121. [PMID: 38372805 PMCID: PMC10876512 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The conventional computing architecture faces substantial challenges, including high latency and energy consumption between memory and processing units. In response, in-memory computing has emerged as a promising alternative architecture, enabling computing operations within memory arrays to overcome these limitations. Memristive devices have gained significant attention as key components for in-memory computing due to their high-density arrays, rapid response times, and ability to emulate biological synapses. Among these devices, two-dimensional (2D) material-based memristor and memtransistor arrays have emerged as particularly promising candidates for next-generation in-memory computing, thanks to their exceptional performance driven by the unique properties of 2D materials, such as layered structures, mechanical flexibility, and the capability to form heterojunctions. This review delves into the state-of-the-art research on 2D material-based memristive arrays, encompassing critical aspects such as material selection, device performance metrics, array structures, and potential applications. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and limitations associated with these arrays, along with potential solutions. The primary objective of this review is to serve as a significant milestone in realizing next-generation in-memory computing utilizing 2D materials and bridge the gap from single-device characterization to array-level and system-level implementations of neuromorphic computing, leveraging the potential of 2D material-based memristive devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hangbo Zhou
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sifan Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kah-Wee Ang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Republic of Singapore.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Yong-Wei Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|