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Takigawa Y, Koshiishi I. Catalytic Production of Oxo-fatty Acids by Lipoxygenases Is Mediated by the Radical–Radical Dismutation between Fatty Acid Alkoxyl Radicals and Fatty Acid Peroxyl Radicals in Fatty Acid Assembly. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:258-264. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takigawa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University
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2
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Brandicourt S, Nicolas J, Boussard A, Riquet AM. Use of ESR and HPLC to follow the anaerobic reaction catalysed by lipoxygenases. Food Chem 2015; 168:311-20. [PMID: 25172715 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of the 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPOL) consumption by using ESR allows to follow the anaerobic reaction between linoleic acid (LH) and its 13-hydroperoxide (LOOH) catalysed by lipoxygenase. During this reaction, two types of radicals are initially obtained, alkyl (L) and alkoxyl (LO) radicals which formed two types of adducts (LT and OLT) with TEMPOL as characterised by HPLC. The stoichiometry of the adduct formation is two mole of TEMPOL consumed for one mole of LH and one mole of LOOH. Using ESR, the kinetic parameters and the mechanism of the anaerobic reaction have been determined at pH 6.5 for three different lipoxygenases, soybean, horse bean and wheat and compared to the values obtained at pH 9 for soybean lipoxygenase. Wheat lipoxygenase is very weakly active compared to the other enzymes. An uncompetitive inhibition of the anaerobic reaction catalysed by soybean and horse bean lipoxygenases was observed with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Brandicourt
- AgroParisTech, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; INRA, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; CNAM Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France
| | - Jacques Nicolas
- AgroParisTech, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; INRA, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; CNAM Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France
| | - Aline Boussard
- AgroParisTech, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; INRA, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; CNAM Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France
| | - Anne-Marie Riquet
- AgroParisTech, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; INRA, Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France; CNAM Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, UMR1145, Massy, France.
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3
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Koshiishi I, Yokota A, Takajo T. Nitric oxide converts fatty acid alkoxyl radicals into fatty acid allyl radicals. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 516:154-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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4
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X-Ray absorption spectroscopic studies on iron in soybean lipoxygenase: A model for mammalian lipoxygenases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19901090302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Schewe T, Rapoport SM, Kühn H. Enzymology and physiology of reticulocyte lipoxygenase: comparison with other lipoxygenases. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 58:191-272. [PMID: 3087141 DOI: 10.1002/9780470123041.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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6
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Koshiishi I, Tsuchida K, Takajo T, Komatsu M. Radical scavenger can scavenge lipid allyl radicals complexed with lipoxygenase at lower oxygen content. Biochem J 2006; 395:303-9. [PMID: 16396633 PMCID: PMC1422755 DOI: 10.1042/bj20051595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2005] [Revised: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 01/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases have been proposed to be a possible factor that is responsible for the pathology of certain diseases, including ischaemic injury. In the peroxidation process of linoleic acid by lipoxygenase, the E,Z-linoleate allyl radical-lipoxygenase complex seems to be generated as an intermediate. In the present study, we evaluated whether E,Z-linoleate allyl radicals on the enzyme are scavenged by radical scavengers. Linoleic acid, the content of which was greater than the dissolved oxygen content, was treated with soya bean lipoxygenase-1 (ferric form) in the presence of radical scavenger, CmP (3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-N-oxyl). The reaction rate between oxygen and lipid allyl radical is comparatively faster than that between CmP and lipid allyl radical. Therefore a reaction between linoleate allyl radical and CmP was not observed while the dioxygenation of linoleic acid was ongoing. After the dissolved oxygen was depleted, CmP stoichiometrically trapped linoleate-allyl radicals. Accompanied by this one-electron redox reaction, the resulting ferrous lipoxygenase was re-oxidized to the ferric form by hydroperoxylinoleate. Through the adduct assay via LC (liquid chromatography)-MS/MS (tandem MS), four E,Z-linoleate allyl radical-CmP adducts corresponding to regio- and diastereo-isomers were detected in the linoleate/lipoxygenase system, whereas E,E-linoleate allyl radical-CmP adducts were not detected at all. If E,Z-linoleate allyl radical is liberated from the enzyme, the E/Z-isomer has to reach equilibrium with the thermodynamically favoured E/E-isomer. These data suggested that the E,Z-linoleate allyl radicals were not liberated from the active site of lipoxygenase before being trapped by CmP. Consequently, we concluded that the lipid allyl radicals complexed with lipoxygenase could be scavenged by radical scavengers at lower oxygen content.
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Key Words
- ischaemic injury
- lipid allyl radical
- lipid epoxyallyl radical
- lipoxygenase
- polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa)
- radical scavenger
- amvn, 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile)
- cmp, 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolidine-n-oxyl
- cmδp, 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-n-oxyl
- epi, enhanced product ion scanning
- esi, electrospray ionization
- [la], linoleic acid concentration
- [la-ooh], hydroperoxylinoleic acid concentration
- lc, liquid chromatography
- ms/ms, tandem ms
- pla2, phospholipase a2
- pufa, polyunsaturated fatty acid
- tic, total ion chromatogram
- xic, extracted ion chromatogram
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Koshiishi
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kita-Adachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806 Japan.
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7
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Koshiishi I, Tsuchida K, Takajo T, Komatsu M. Quantification of lipid alkyl radicals trapped with nitroxyl radical via HPLC with postcolumn thermal decomposition. J Lipid Res 2005; 46:2506-13. [PMID: 16106053 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d500006-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid alkyl radicals generated from polyunsaturated fatty acids via chemical or enzymatic H-abstraction have been a pathologically important target to quantify. In the present study, we established a novel method for the quantification of lipid alkyl radicals via nitroxyl radical spin-trapping. These labile lipid alkyl radicals were converted into nitroxyl radical-lipid alkyl radical adducts using 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrroline-N-oxyl (CmdeltaP) (a partition coefficient between octanol and water is approximately 3) as a spin-trapping agent. The resulting CmdeltaP-lipid alkyl radical adducts were determined by HPLC with postcolumn online thermal decomposition, in which the adducts were degraded into nitroxyl radicals by heating at 100 degrees C for 2 min. The resulting nitroxyl radicals were selectively and sensitively detected by electrochemical detection. With the present method, we, for the first time, determined the lipid alkyl radicals generated from linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid via soybean lipoxygenase-1 or the radical initiator 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethyl-valeronitrile).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Koshiishi
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Kita-Adachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan.
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8
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Abstract
In this study, it was shown that abietic acid, an abietane diterpenoid, inhibited soybean 5-lipoxygenase (linoleate: oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.13.11.12) and an IC(50) of 29.5 +/- 1.29 microM was determined. Since the lipoxygenase pathway leads to the biosynthesis of leukotrienes this result supports the view that abietic acid may be used in the treatment of allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nuray Ulusu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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9
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Kühn H, Borngräber S. Mammalian 15-Lipoxygenases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4861-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Synthesis of linoleic acid hydroperoxide using immobilized lipoxygenase in polyacrylamide gel. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02783572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Nieuwenhuizen WF, Schilstra MJ, van der Kerk-Van Hoof A, Brandsma L, Veldink GA, Vliegenthart JF. Fe(III)-lipoxygenase converts its suicide-type inhibitor octadeca-9,12-diynoic acid into 11-oxooctadeca-9,12-diynoic acid. Biochemistry 1995; 34:10538-45. [PMID: 7654709 DOI: 10.1021/bi00033a028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Triple bond analogues of polyunsaturated fatty acids irreversibly inactivate lipoxygenases. During the inactivation the inhibitors are converted enzymatically [Kühn, H., et al. (1984) Eur. J. Biochem. 139, 577-583]. Since the converted inhibitor molecules may hold important information about the inactivation mechanism, we have determined the structure of the product that is formed during the irreversible inactivation of soybean lipoxygenase-1 by octadeca-9,12-diynoic acid (ODYA), the triple bond analogue of linoleic acid. This product is formed only in the presence of Fe(III)-lipoxygenase-1 and O2. It was purified by C18 solid phase extraction and reversed phase HPLC and was identified with UV, IR, and NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques as the novel lipoxygenase product, 11-oxooctadeca-9,12-diynoic acid (11-oxo-ODYA). It is estimated that each lipoxygenase molecule produces 8-10 11-oxo-ODYA molecules before it is inactivated. Furthermore, we have shown that in a secondary reaction 3-4 molecules of 11-oxo-ODYA are covalently attached per lipoxygenase molecule, most likely, to solvent-exposed amino groups. This leads to the formation of a N-penten-4-yn-3-one chromophore, RC(NHX)=CHC(O)C=CR1, in which X stands for the protein and R or R1 for CH3(CH2)4- or -(CH2)7COOH, respectively. Fe(II)- and Fe(III)-lipoxygenase remain active upon reaction with purified 11-oxo-ODYA. It is concluded that (a) several enzymatic turnovers are required for the complete inactivation of lipoxygenase by ODYA and (b) covalent attachment of 11-oxo-ODYA occurs outside the active site and is not the cause of the inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Nieuwenhuizen
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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12
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Noguchi M, Miyano M, Kuhara S, Matsumoto T, Noma M. Interfacial kinetic reaction of human 5-lipoxygenase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1994; 222:285-92. [PMID: 8020467 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of human 5-lipoxygenase were investigated in the presence of Tween 20 using a continuous spectrophotometric assay. Using the mixture at a constant molar ratio of arachidonate/Tween 20 at pH 8.0, the steady-state velocity on a varied arachidonate concentration did not follow simple Michaelis-Menten-type kinetics and double-reciprocal plot analysis gave hyperbolic curves. However, by introducing the concept of a local pH change, it was possible to analyze the kinetics as simple Michaelis-Menten type. The concept of a local pH change implies that when utilizing an acidic and amphiphilic substance as a substrate, such as arachidonate, the medium around the substrate is acidified with an increased concentration of substrate. This concept was explained rationally by two experiments. Consequently, the data were transformed according to a local pH change and analyzed according to a dual phospholipid model as has been proposed for phospholipase A2 [Hendrickson, H. S. and Dennis, E. A. (1984) Kinetic analysis of the dual phospholipid model for phosphalipase A2, J. Biol. Chem. 259, 5734-5739]. It is concluded that 5-lipoxygenase performs an interfacial reaction in the arachidonate/Tween 20 mixed micelles in the same manner as phospholipase A2. The values of Km were almost constant (about 0.07 molar fraction), even when arachidonate molar ratios were changed in the surface of the mixed micelles. The values for Ks (the association constant of the enzyme to the micelle interface) ranged over 0.21-0.48 microM. The Vmax was 25.76 mumol.min-1.mg-1. This concept of a local pH change could be used extensively with enzymes which utilize both amphiphilic and acidic substances as substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Noguchi
- Life Science Research Laboratory, Japan Tobacco Inc., Yokohama
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Averill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22901
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14
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van der Donk EM, Vervaart JM, Verhagen J, Veldink GA, Vliegenthart JF. 12-Lipoxygenase from rat basophilic leukemia cells, an oxygenase with leukotriene A4-synthase activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1128:14-25. [PMID: 1390874 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(92)90252-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rat basophilic leukemia cells exhibit 12-lipoxygenase activity only upon cell disruption. 12-Lipoxygenase may also possess 15-lipoxygenase activity, as is indicated by the formation of low amounts of 15(S)-HETE, in addition to the predominant product 12(S)-HETE, upon incubation of partially purified 12-lipoxygenase with arachidonic acid. With 5(S)-HPETE as substrate not only 5(S), 12(S)-diHETE and 5(S), 15(S)-diHETE are formed, but also LTA4, as was indicated by the presence of LTA4-derived LTB4-isomers. 12-Lipoxygenase from rat basophilic leukemia cells has many features in common with 12-lipoxygenase from bovine leukocytes. As was suggested for the latter enzyme, 12-lipoxygenase from rat basophilic leukemia cells may represent the remaining LTA4-synthase activity of 5-lipoxygenase, of which the 5-dioxygenase activity has disappeared upon cell disruption. Such a possible shift from 5-lipoxygenase activity to 12-lipoxygenase activity could not simply be induced by interaction of cytosolic 5-lipoxygenase with a membrane fraction after cell disruption, but may involve release of membrane-associated 5-lipoxygenase upon disruption of activated rat basophilic leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M van der Donk
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Utrecht University, Netherlands
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15
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Van der Heijdt LM, Feiters MC, Navaratnam S, Nolting HF, Hermes C, Veldink GA, Vliegenthart JF. X-ray absorption spectroscopy of soybean lipoxygenase-1. Influence of lipid hydroperoxide activation and lyophilization on the structure of the non-heme iron active site. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1992; 207:793-802. [PMID: 1633828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectra at the Fe K-edge of the non-heme iron site in Fe(II) as well as Fe(III) soybean lipoxygenase-1, in frozen solution or lyophilized, are presented; the latter spectra were obtained by incubation of the Fe(II) enzyme with its product hydroperoxide. An edge shift of about 2-3 eV to higher energy occurs upon oxidation of the Fe(II) enzyme to the Fe(III) species, corresponding to the valence change. The extended X-ray absorption fine structure shows clear differences in active-site structure as a result of this conversion. Curve-fitting on the new data of the Fe(II) enzyme, using the EXCURV88 program, leads to a coordination sphere that is in agreement with the active-site structure proposed earlier (6 +/- 1 N/O ligands at 0.205-0.209 nm with a maximum variance of 0.009 nm, including 4 +/- 1 imidazole ligands) [Navaratnam, S., Feiters, M. C., Al-Hakim, M., Allen, J. C., Veldink, G. A. and Vliegenthart, J. F. G. (1988) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 956, 70-76], while for the Fe(III) enzyme a shortening in ligand distances occurs (6 +/- 1 N/O ligands at 0.200-0.203 nm with maximum variance of 0.008 nm) and one imidazole is replaced by an oxygen ligand of unknown origin. Lyophilization does not lead to any apparent differences in the iron coordination of either species and gives a much better signal/noise ratio, allowing analysis of a larger range of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Van der Heijdt
- Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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16
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Macías P, Pinto MC, Gutiérrez-Merino C. Hemin and hemeprotein bleaching during linoleic acid oxidation by lipoxygenases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1082:310-8. [PMID: 1903070 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(91)90207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hemin and hemoglobin are bleached by lipoxygenases, type 1 (from soybean) or type 2 (from platelets), during linoleic acid oxidation. This process has been found to be related to the inhibition of the lipoxygenase activity, measured as hydroperoxide generation and to produce oxodienes as well. All these parameters have been determined simultaneously from measurements of the absorbance at 234, 285, 375 and 410 nm to detect hydroperoxides, oxodienes, hemin and hemoglobin, respectively, using a diode array spectrophotometer. The inhibition of lipoxygenase activity by these pigments has been found to be competitive with linoleic acid, showing an increase of 4-7-fold of the Km value of linoleic acid in the presence of concentrations of hemin and hemoglobin as low as 0.2 and 0.02 microM, respectively, for the case of platelet lipoxygenase activity. The concentrations of hemin and of hemoglobin producing the inhibition of 50% of lipoxygenase activity are: 0.25 and 0.02 microM for the platelet isoenzyme, and 1.4 and 0.18 microM for the soybean isoenzyme, respectively. From the quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence of soybean lipoxygenase activity by hemin, we have obtained a dissociation constant of hemin-soybean lipoxygenase of 0.5 microM. The results obtained in this paper for the cooxidation process of hemin and hemoglobin by lipoxygenase can be rationalized in terms of hemin binding at or near to the catalytic center, resulting in a lesser binding of linoleic acid and an enhanced release of radicals, and pigment bleaching by radicals and lipid hydroperoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Macías
- Dpto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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17
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Pseudoperoxidase activity of 5-lipoxygenase stimulated by potent benzofuranol and N-hydroxyurea inhibitors of the lipoxygenase reaction. Biochem J 1991; 274 ( Pt 1):287-92. [PMID: 2001245 PMCID: PMC1149951 DOI: 10.1042/bj2740287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The purified 5-lipoxygenase from porcine leukocytes was found to catalyse the degradation of lipid hydroperoxides in the presence of potent inhibitors of the lipoxygenase reaction. Derivatives of diphenyl-N-hydroxyureas, 4-hydroxybenzofurans and 5-hydroxydihydrobenzofurans all stimulated the 5-lipoxygenase-mediated destruction of 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HPOD). The reaction was dependent on inhibitor and hydroperoxide concentrations (1-10 microM) and could not be detected using heat-inactivated enzyme, when ATP and Ca2+ were omitted or when the hydroperoxide was replaced by the corresponding alcohol. The stability of the inhibitors during this pseudoperoxidase reaction was investigated by measuring the recoveries of 5-hydroxy-2-phenethyl-6-(3-phenoxypropyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran and N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-hydroxy-N'-(3-chlorophenyl)urea from the reaction mixtures using reverse-phase h.p.l.c. By using an equimolar concentration of 13-HPOD and inhibitor (10 microM) and under conditions where 50% of the 13-HPOD was consumed, the concentration of the benzofuranol decreased by 30%, whereas the N-hydroxyurea derivative could be completely recovered from the reaction mixture. A stimulation of the pseudoperoxidase reaction could be detected only with very effective inhibitors of leukotriene B4 biosynthesis by human leucocytes [IC50 (concn. causing 50% inhibition) less than 100 nM], but not with closely related structural analogues of lower potency or other inhibitors such as nordihydroguaiaretic acid, quercetin or the hydroxamate A-64077. These results demonstrate that 5-lipoxygenase possesses a pseudoperoxidase activity and indicate that potent inhibitors in both N-hydroxyurea and benzofuranol series can function as reducing agents for the enzyme.
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18
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Hellwing M, Mörsel JT, Tülsner M. [Progress report. Lipoxygenases--their significance in lipid chemistry]. DIE NAHRUNG 1990; 34:449-63. [PMID: 2119005 DOI: 10.1002/food.19900340511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxygenase catalysed reactions play an important role in the field of lipid peroxidation. The enzyme is characterized concerning its sources, biological importance, isolation, substrates, active centre and inhibition. Extensive explanations should show the complex mechanisms of enzyme catalyses divided into two major ways: dioxygenase and hydroperoxidase reactions. Food science specific importance and expected effects on food systems are discussed and related to reaction products generated during catalysis and enzymatic processes both preceding and following lipoxygenase reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hellwing
- Wissenschaftsbereich Lebensmittelchemie der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, DDR
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19
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Metsä-Ketelä T, Montfoort A, Kunnas T. Platelet chemiluminescence induced by linoleic and arachidonic acids. BASIC LIFE SCIENCES 1988; 49:233-8. [PMID: 3150664 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5568-7_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Metsä-Ketelä
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
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20
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Ludwig P, Holzhütter HG, Colosimo A, Silvestrini MC, Schewe T, Rapoport SM. A kinetic model for lipoxygenases based on experimental data with the lipoxygenase of reticulocytes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 168:325-37. [PMID: 3117544 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive kinetic model for lipoxygenase catalysis is proposed which includes the simultaneous occurrence of dioxygenase and hydroperoxidase activities and is based on the assumption of a single binding site for substrate fatty acid and product. The aerobic reaction of purified lipoxygenase from rabbit reticulocytes with 9,12(Z,Z)-octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid) as substrate was studied. The rate constants and the dissociation constants of this enzyme were calculated for the model from progress curves; the model describes correctly the experimental data. The following kinetic features of the reticulocyte enzyme are assumed to apply generally to lipoxygenases. (a) The enzyme shows autoactivation by its product. (b) The rate-limiting step is the hydrogen abstraction. (c) Both substrate fatty acid and its product are competitive inhibitors of the lipoxygenase. (d) Lowering the oxygen concentration enhances the degree of substrate inhibition, whereas product inhibition is not influenced. (e) If substrate is in excess the oxygen concentration determines the share of dioxygenase and hydroperoxidase activities of the enzyme. As predicted from the model it was found that at low concentrations of oxygen the regio- and stereo-specificities of the dioxygenation are diminished. During the autoactivation phase the steady-state approximation does not hold.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ludwig
- Institute of Biochemistry of the Humboldt University Berlin, German Democratic Republic
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21
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Magnetic susceptibility studies on yellow and anaerobically substrate-treated yellow soybean lipoxygenase-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(87)90334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Feiters MC, Aasa R, Malmström BG, Veldink GA, Vliegenthart JF. Spectroscopic studies on the interactions between lipoxygenase-2 and its product hydroperoxides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(86)90044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Rapoport S, Härtel B, Schewe T, Kühn H. Hydroperoxyfatty acids inactivate the reticulocyte lipoxygenase independently of a hydroperoxidase reaction. FEBS Lett 1986; 202:202-6. [PMID: 3087777 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)80687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
From a comparison of 9Ds-HPODE and 13Ls-HPODE and their methyl esters as substrates and inactivating agents of reticulocyte lipoxygenase it is concluded that the compounds inactivate the enzyme independently of any hydroperoxidase reaction. The protective effect of 4-nitrocatechol indicates the formation of Fe(III) complexes of the enzyme with the hydroperoxyfatty acid compounds prior to inactivation.
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24
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Free Radicals and Senescence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-42521-8.50010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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25
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Teng JI, Smith LL. High-performance liquid chromatography of linoleic acid hydroperoxides and their corresponding alcohol derivatives. J Chromatogr A 1985; 350:445-51. [PMID: 4093487 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)93550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The four major hydroperoxides derived from autoxidation or lipoxygenase action on linoleic acid or on methyl linoleate and their corresponding alcohol derivatives are resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography on Zorbax SIL 3 micron particulate columns irrigated with hexane-diethyl ether-acetic acid mixtures. The four major linoleic acid hydroperoxides are interconverted at different rates in benzene or carbon tetrachloride solutions but are stable to storage under nitrogen at -70 degrees C for several months.
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26
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Clapp CH, Banerjee A, Rotenberg SA. Inhibition of soybean lipoxygenase 1 by N-alkylhydroxylamines. Biochemistry 1985; 24:1826-30. [PMID: 2990543 DOI: 10.1021/bi00329a004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Micromolar concentrations of N-octylhydroxylamine dramatically increase the induction period in the conversion of linoleic acid to 13(S)-hydroperoxy-cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid (13-HPOD) catalyzed by soybean lipoxygenase 1. The induction period produced by N-octylhydroxylamine is abolished by 13-HPOD but not by the corresponding hydroxy acid. Addition of a catalytic amount of lipoxygenase to a mixture of 13-HPOD and N-octylhydroxylamine results in consumption of approximately 1 mumol of 13-HPOD/mumol of N-octylhydroxylamine present. These results can be explained by a model in which 13-HPOD oxidizes the enzyme from an inactive ferrous form to an active ferric form, as proposed by previous workers, and N-octylhydroxylamine reduces the enzyme back to the ferrous form. Consistent with this model, the ESR signal at g = 6.1 characteristic of ferric lipoxygenase is rapidly abolished by N-octylhydroxylamine and can be regenerated by 13-HPOD. These results provide additional support for earlier proposals that ferric lipoxygenase is the catalytically active form and also establish a novel method of inhibiting enzymes in this class. The octyl group of N-octylhydroxylamine appears to contribute to binding near the iron, since hydroxylamine and N-methylhydroxylamine do not extend the induction period. In the n-RNHOH series, activity passes through an optimum at R = decyl.
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Koster JF, Slee RG, Rutten-van Beysterveld CC, Montfoort A. The effect of (13 OOH) linoleic acid on human erythrocytes and on erythrocyte ghosts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 754:238-42. [PMID: 6652104 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(83)90137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Peroxidized linoleic acid (13 OOH) induces lipid peroxidation, measured as malondialdehyde in erythrocyte ghosts and intact erythrocytes. This process can be inhibited by desferal, thiourea and butylated hydroxytoluene. During the lipid peroxidation process fluorescent chromolipids are formed. The synthesis of these chromolipids can be blocked by desferal. Peroxidized linoleic acid gives cross-linking of the proteins present in the membranes leading to the formation of higher molecular weight proteins. Also in the lower molecular weight region of SDS-electrophoresis a protein band is formed. The cross-linking process of the membrane protein is most effectively blocked by thiourea, to some extent by butylated hydroxytoluene and hardly at all by desferal. Addition of peroxidized linoleic acid to intact erythrocytes leads to a drop in the glutathione level (analogous to cumene hydroperoxide). In the presence of glucose the glutathione level can be restored.
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29
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A quantitative optical and epr study onthe interaction between soybean lipoxygenase-1 and 13-l-hydroperoxilinoleic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(83)90117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Slappendel S, Aasa R, Malmström B, Verhagen J, Veldink GA, Vliegenthart JF. Factors affecting the line-shape of the EPR signal of high-spin Fe(III) in soybean lipoxygenase-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(82)90435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Slappendel S, Aasa R, Falk KE, Malmström BG, Vänngård T, Veldink GA, Vliegenthart JF. 1H-NMR spectroscopic study on the binding of alcohols to soybean lipoxygenase-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(82)90436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Jefford CW, Cadby PA. Molecular mechanisms of enzyme-catalyzed dioxygenation (an interdisciplinary review). FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 1981; 40:191-265. [PMID: 7016695 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-8611-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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33
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Slappendel S, Veldink GA, Vliegenthart JF, Aasa R, Malmström BG. EPR spectroscopy of soybean lipoxygenase-1. Determination of the zero-field splitting constants of high-spin Fe(III) signals from temperature and microwave frequency dependence. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 624:30-9. [PMID: 6250632 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(80)90222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The zero-field splitting constants (D) of the different components building up the high-spin Fe(III) EPR spectrum of lipoxygenase from soybeans were determined by two methods: (1) temperature dependence studies using the low-spin Fe(III) signal of cytochrome c at g 3 for accurate measuring of the temperature in the sample; (2) by establishing g-shift upon increasing the microwave frequency. The ranges of D for the axial and rhombic species contributing to the complex signal at g 6 are found to be 1.5-3.0 K and 1.8-4.4 K, respectively. The occurrence of such large ranges is attributed to variations in amount and number of species in the different samples. The combination of the applied methods offers a more generally applicable approach to the determination of zero-field splitting constants.
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Spaapen LJ, Verhagen J, Veldink GA, Vliegenthart JF. The effect of modification of sulfhydryl groups in soybean lipoxygenase-1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 618:153-62. [PMID: 6769491 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(80)90062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Soybean lipoxygenase-1 was found to contain five free sulfhydryl groups and no disulfide bridges. Three sulfhydryl groups react readily with methylmercuric halides. This modification results in significant changes of the catalytic properties of the enzyme. Comparison of modified and native lipoxygenase-1 shows the following: 1. The catalytic constant of the oxygenation of linoleic acid is reduced by approximately 50%, whereas the affinity towards linoleic acid remains unaltered. 2. At high concentrations of substrate and low concentrations of enzyme the kinetic lag phase in the oxygenation is considerably longer. 3. The regio- and stereospecificities of the oxygenation are significantly lower. 4. Besides hydroperoxides, oxo-octadecadienoic acids (4%) are formed during the oxygenation. 5. The cooxidation capacity is considerably enhanced. Treatment of methylmercury-modified lipoxygenase-1 with NaHS results in the complete recovery of the sulfhydryl groups and of the catalytic properties.
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Spaapen LJ, Verhagen J, Veldink GA, Vliegenthart JF. Properties of a complex of Fe(III)-soybean lipoxygenase-1 and 4-nitrocatechol. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 617:132-40. [PMID: 6766321 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(80)90230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Fe(III)-soybean lipoxygenase-1 yields with 4-nitrocatechol a green coloured 1 : 1 complex, which shows at pH 7.0 absorption maxima at 385 nm and 650 nm. The formation of this complex is reversible. The circular dichroism spectrum of the complex of Fe(III)-lipoxygenase-1 and 4-nitrocatechol has a positive band at around 380 nm and a negative band at around 450 nm and is significantly different from that of the Fe(III)-enzyme as such. 4-Nitrocatechol can be displaced from the green complex by 13-L-hydroperoxy-cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic acid, resulting in the formation of the blue complex between the Fe(III)-enzyme and 13-L-hydroperoxy-cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Also linoleic acid competes with 4-nitrocatechol for the binding site on the Fe(III)-enzyme, as can be demonstrated under anaerobic conditions, ultimately leading to reduction of the Fe(III)-enzyme. The oxygenation of linoleic acid by Fe(III)-lipoxygenase-1 is inhibited by 4-nitrocatechol. From steady-state kinetics a non-competitive inhibition pattern is obtained. Probably it has to be considered as pseudo non-competitive because of the slow establishment of the complex equilibrium. An inhibition constant (K4NC) of 16.3 microM is found. On prolonged incubation of Fe(III)-lipoxygenase-1 and 4-nitrocatechol the green complex converts into a brown species. This conversion is found to be coupled with a change in the nature of the inhibition from reversible to irreversible. A complex between native lipoxygenase-1 and 4-nitrocatechol is found to be unlikely.
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Egmond MR, Williams RJ. 1H NMR study of the conversion of 13(S)-hydroperoxy linoleic acid by soya bean lipoxygenase I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 531:141-8. [PMID: 102362 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(78)90137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of 13(S)-hydroperoxy linoleic acid by lipoxygenase I at 298 K was monitored by 1H NMR and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. The rate constant for the conversion of the hydroperoxide, k = 45.8 +/- 7.5 M-1 . s-1, depends on the concentrations of both enzyme and hydroperoxide. This constant is not affected by O2, nor by solvent isotope effects.
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37
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Galpin JR, Veldink GA, Vliegenthart JF, Boldingh J. The interaction of nitric oxide with soybean lipoxygenase-1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 536:356-62. [PMID: 213126 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(78)90494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of nitric oxide with the non-heme iron dioxygenase lipoxygenase is reported. This apparently resulted in a novel type of complex where an electron is donated to the NO molecule. In addition a new position for an EPR transition from iron was discovered which, it is suggested results from high spin ferric iron in a field of axial symmetry characterised by a very low value for D.
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