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Sakr M, Hanafi R, Fouad M, Al-Easa H, El-Moghazy S. Design and optimization of a luminescent Samarium complex of isoprenaline: A chemometric approach based on Factorial design and Box-Behnken response surface methodology. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 208:114-123. [PMID: 30300861 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A chemometrically optimized procedure has been developed for the determination of isoprenaline (ISO) in the parent substance as well as in its respective pharmaceutical preparation. It is worth mentioning that although spectroscopic determination of Isoprenaline metal complexes has been described in literature, yet, no methods for the quantification of Isoprenaline with Samarium nor any other lanthanide metal have been reported. Fractional factorial design (FFD) was implemented in the initial screening procedure of the four designated factors, namely, reaction time (RT), metal volume (MV), pH and temperature (T) followed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimization tool performed by the aid of Box Behnken design (BBD).The proposed techniques are based on a multivariate approach where a complexation reaction between Isoprenaline (ISO) and Samarium III (Sm3+) metal was exploited for the first time to synthesize novel fluorescence and absorbance probes of ISO-Sm. Maximum fluorescence intensity (Y1) as well as maximum absorbance (Y2) of the produced complex were attained at λex/λem = 315/450 and λ 295 nm for spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric determinations, respectively, against blank solutions. Using assessment quality tools such as, Pareto charts, normal probability plots and statistical analysis of variance testing (ANOVA), significant factors were successfully indicated (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the proposed methods verified specificity and accuracy for the determination of Isoprenaline in its pure and pharmaceutical preparation using spectrofluorimetric (Technique A) and spectrophotometric (Technique B) techniques, respectively. Linearity was obtained in the range of (0.02-0.50 μg/mL) and (2-12 μg/mL) upon employing both techniques A and B, respectively. Furthermore, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), were found to be 5.1877 ∗ 10-3 μg/mL, 0.01572 μg/mL and 0.5593 μg/mL, 1.6949 μg/mL, upon employing techniques A and B, respectively. Standard addition method was applied for both techniques. The analysis was successfully applied to the assay of pure powder and pharmaceutical dosage forms after which the corresponding mean recoveries were computed and were found to be in the range of 99.546%-100.257% (Technique A) and 99.872%-99.887% (Technique B) with RSD (<1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Sakr
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Rasha Hanafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Fouad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Hala Al-Easa
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Samir El-Moghazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Schneider EK, Huang JX, Carbone V, Baker M, Azad MAK, Cooper MA, Li J, Velkov T. Drug-drug plasma protein binding interactions of ivacaftor. J Mol Recognit 2015; 28:339-48. [PMID: 25707701 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ivacaftor is a novel cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) potentiator that improves the pulmonary function for patients with CF bearing a G551D CFTR-protein mutation. Because ivacaftor is highly bound (>97%) to plasma proteins, there is the strong possibility that co-administered CF drugs may compete for the same plasma protein binding sites and impact the free drug concentration. This, in turn, could lead to drastic changes in the in vivo efficacy of ivacaftor and therapeutic outcomes. This biochemical study compares the binding affinity of ivacaftor and co-administered CF drugs for human serum albumin (HSA) and α1 -acid glycoprotein (AGP) using surface plasmon resonance and fluorimetric binding assays that measure the displacement of site-selective probes. Because of their ability to strongly compete for the ivacaftor binding sites on HSA and AGP, drug-drug interactions between ivacaftor are to be expected with ducosate, montelukast, ibuprofen, dicloxacillin, omeprazole, and loratadine. The significance of these plasma protein drug-drug interactions is also interpreted in terms of molecular docking simulations. This in vitro study provides valuable insights into the plasma protein drug-drug interactions of ivacaftor with co-administered CF drugs. The data may prove useful in future clinical trials for a staggered treatment that aims to maximize the effective free drug concentration and clinical efficacy of ivacaftor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena K Schneider
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leopold-Franzen-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
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Azad MAK, Huang JX, Cooper MA, Roberts KD, Thompson PE, Nation RL, Li J, Velkov T. Structure-activity relationships for the binding of polymyxins with human α-1-acid glycoprotein. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:278-91. [PMID: 22587817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, for the first time, we have characterized binding properties of the polymyxin class of antibiotics for human α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) using a combination of biophysical techniques. The binding affinity of colistin, polymyxin B, polymyxin B(3), colistin methansulfonate, and colistin nona-peptide was determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), surface plasma resonance (SPR) and fluorometric assay methods. All assay techniques indicated colistin, polymyxin B and polymyxin B(3) display a moderate binding affinity for AGP. ITC and SPR showed there was no detectable binding affinity for colistin methansulfonate and colistin nona-peptide, suggesting both the positive charges of the diaminobutyric acid (Dab) side chains and the N-terminal fatty acyl chain of the polymyxin molecule are required to drive binding to AGP. In addition, the ITC and fluorometric data suggested that endogenous lipidic substances bound to AGP provide part of the polymyxin binding surface. A molecular model of the polymyxin B(3)-AGP F1*S complex was presented that illustrates the pivotal role of the N-terminal fatty acyl chain and the D-Phe6-L-Leu7 hydrophobic motif of polymyxin B(3) for binding to the cleft-like ligand binding cavity of AGP F1*S variant. The model conforms with the entropy driven binding interaction characterized by ITC which suggests hydrophobic interactions coupled to desolvation events and conformational changes are the primary driving force for polymyxins binding to AGP. Collectively, the data are consistent with a role of this acute-phase reactant protein in the transport of polymyxins in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A K Azad
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Katneni K, Charman SA, Porter CJH. Use of plasma proteins as solubilizing agents in in vitro permeability experiments: Correction for unbound drug concentration using the reciprocal permeability approach. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:209-24. [PMID: 17585392 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to explore the applicability of the reciprocal permeability approach to correct for changes in thermodynamic activity when in vitro permeability data are generated in the presence of plasma proteins. Diazepam (DIA), digoxin (DIG), and propranolol (PRO) permeability was assessed in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and bovine alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG). The reciprocal permeability approach was subsequently employed to calculate the true permeability coefficient (Papp(corr)) and the operational protein association constant (nK(a)). For BSA binding, good agreement was observed between the Papp(corr) values and Papp values obtained in the absence of protein. For PRO and AAG, where binding affinity was high, deviation in the reciprocal permeability plots was evident suggesting ligand depletion at low drug/high protein concentrations. Bidirectional DIG permeability data in the presence of either BSA or AAG indicated that neither protein had an effect on the efflux transporters involved in DIG permeability. The data suggest that plasma proteins can be utilized in permeability experiments with no adverse effects on transporter function and that the reciprocal permeability approach can be used to correct permeability data for changes in unbound drug concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasiram Katneni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Breustedt DA, Schönfeld DL, Skerra A. Comparative ligand-binding analysis of ten human lipocalins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2006; 1764:161-73. [PMID: 16461020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2005] [Revised: 11/03/2005] [Accepted: 12/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
At least ten different lipocalins occur in the human body: retinol-binding protein (RBP), alpha1-acid glycoprotein, alpha1-microglobulin, apolipoprotein D, beta-trace protein, complement component 8gamma, glycodelin, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, odorant-binding protein, and tear lipocalin. Although many of these lipocalins seem to play an important physiological role, their precise biological function is not always clear. Especially the interpretation of their diverse ligand-binding activities has been hampered by the fact that the natural lipocalins were prepared from different sources and with varying purity. Here we present a generic expression and purification strategy for the recombinant lipocalins, which is based on secretion into the periplasm of E. coli, where disulphide bonds are readily formed, followed by affinity purification via the Strep-tag II and gel filtration. The ten human lipocalins were successfully prepared and their ligand-binding activities were compared via fluorescence titration with a set of typical ligands: retinol, retinoic acid (RA), 11-(5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthalene-sulfonylamino)undecanoic acid (DAUDA), and 8-anilino-1-naphtalene-sulfonic acid (ANS). As result, merely two lipocalins, RBP and beta-trace, revealed high affinities both for retinol and for RA, which probably reflects a specialized physiological function in retinoid complexation. Surprisingly, the strongest retinol affinity was detected for apolipoprotein D, whereas this lipocalin exhibits much weaker binding activity for retinoic acid. Binding studies with the two spectroscopic probes DAUDA and ANS revealed mixed patterns, which demonstrates that the affinity for lipophilic substances varies considerably among human lipocalins. Notably, RBP with its perfectly moulded retinol-binding site did not show any detectable binding activity for both compounds. Hence, our recombinant expression and purification system should be useful for further structural and functional studies of lipocalins from human origin and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Breustedt
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Cogswell LP, Raines DE, Parekh S, Jonas O, Maggio JE, Strichartz GR. Development of a novel probe for measuring drug binding to the F1*S variant of human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. J Pharm Sci 2001; 90:1407-23. [PMID: 11745793 DOI: 10.1002/jps.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel probe was developed to measure drug association with the F1*S variant of the human serum protein alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). The molecule 2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodo-N-[2(diethylamino)ethyl]benzamide (DEDIC) binds to AGP, quenching its native fluorescence. This quenching was fitted to a two-site model giving apparent dissociation constants of 0.049 +/- 0.005 and 12 +/- 2 microM (mean +/- SEM). Quenching of each of the separate variants of AGP by DEDIC was itself described by a two-site model, giving for the F1*S variant K(D)(1)((F1*S)) = 0.041 +/- 0.010 microM and K(D)(2)((F1*S)) = 29 +/- 7 microM; and for the A variant K(D)(1)((A)) = 0.31 +/- 0.18 microM and K(D)(2)((A)) = 8.8 +/- 0.7 microM. The utility of DEDIC in probing drug interactions with isolated variants was demonstrated in competition experiments with the model drugs amitriptyline and bupivacaine. In addition, the selectivity of DEDIC for variant F1*S rendered it capable of probing the binding of drugs (including the variant A-selective drug amitriptyline) to F1*S in a mixture of variants, such as occurs naturally in whole AGP. DEDIC is unique as an F1*S variant-selective probe of drug binding to whole AGP that is also sufficiently soluble to serve as a probe of drug binding to the lower affinity sites on isolated A and F1*S variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Cogswell
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
For about half a century, the binding of drugs to plasma albumin, the "silent receptor," has been recognized as one of the major determinants of drug action, distribution, and disposition. In the last decade, the binding of drugs, especially but not exclusively basic entities, to another plasma protein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG), has increasingly become important in this regard. The present review points out that hundreds of drugs with diverse structures bind to this glycoprotein. Although plasma concentration of AAG is much lower than that of albumin, AAG can become the major drug binding macromolecule in plasma with significant clinical implications. Also, briefly reviewed are the physiological, pathological, and genetic factors that influence binding, the role of AAG in drug-drug interactions, especially the displacement of drugs and endogenous substances from AAG binding sites, and pharmacokinetic and clinical consequences of such interactions. It can be predicted that in the future, rapid automatic methods to measure binding to albumin and/or AAG will routinely be used in drug development and in clinical practice to predict and/or guide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Israili
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Chapter 12 Measurements of physical properties for drug design in industry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-7192(00)80015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Oravcová J, Böhs B, Lindner W. Drug-protein binding sites. New trends in analytical and experimental methodology. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1996; 677:1-28. [PMID: 8925081 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, continuous progress in instrumental analytical methodology has been achieved with a substantial increase in the number of new, more specific and more flexible methods for ligand-protein assays. In general, the methods used for drug-protein binding studies can be divided into two main groups: separation methods (enabling the calculation of binding parameters, i.e. the number of binding sites and their respective affinity constants) and non-separation methods (describing predominantly qualitative parameters of the ligand-protein complex). This review will be focussed particularly on recent trends in the development of drug-protein binding methods including stereoselective and non-stereoselective aspects using chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and microdialysis as compared to the "conventional approach" using equilibrium dialysis, ultrafiltration or size exclusion chromatography. The advantages and limitations of various methods will be discussed including a focus on "optimal" experimental strategies taking into account in vitro, ex vivo and/or in vivo studies. Furthermore, the importance of some particular aspects concerning the drug binding to proteins (covalent binding of drugs and metabolites, stereoselective interactions and evaluation of binding data) will be outlined in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oravcová
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Austria
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Brown MB, Miller JN, Seare NJ. An investigation of the use of nile red as a long-wavelength fluorescent probe for the study of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein-drug interactions. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1995; 13:1011-7. [PMID: 8580145 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(95)01524-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Spectrofluorimetry in the long-wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum (600-1000 nm) is a fairly recent development in photoluminescence spectroscopy, which has numerous advantages over measurements in the more conventional ultraviolet and visible spectral region. 9-Diethylamino-5H-benzophenoxazine-5-one (Nile Red) is an unchanged, hydrophobic molecule, and long-wavelength fluorescence of which is strongly influenced by the polarity of its environment. When Nile Red was added to solutions of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (Orosomucoid. OMD), it showed an enhancement in fluorescence intensity and a shift to blue in emission wavelength, suggesting it was binding hydrophobically to a non-polar site on the protein. The association constant (12,261,000 +/- 900,000 M-1) and number of binding sites (0.746 +/- 0.044) were calculated for the probe. Upon addition of both acidic and basic drugs, the Nile Red fluorescence reverted to its unbound form, indicating that OMD probably has one high-affinity, wide and flexible binding area for such drugs. Possible enantiomeric selectivity was shown with ephedrine, and the association constant determined for a racemic mixture of propranolol was found to be comparable to other values obtained with alternative, more conventional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Brown
- Dept. of Chemistry, Loughborough University of Technology, Leics., UK
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Cserháti T, Forgács E. Charge transfer chromatographic study of the binding of commercial pesticides to various albumins. J Chromatogr A 1995; 699:285-90. [PMID: 7757210 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00144-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of 28 commercial pesticides with human and bovine serum albumin as well as with egg albumin was studied by charge-transfer reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography and the relative strength of the interaction was calculated. Only one pesticide interacted with egg albumin whereas the majority of pesticides bound both to bovine and human serum albumins. Stepwise regression analysis proved that the hydrophobicity parameters of pesticides exert a significant impact on their capacity to bind to serum albumins. These findings support the hypothesis that the binding of pesticides to albumins may involve hydrophilic forces occurring between the corresponding apolar substructures of pesticides and amino acid side chains. No linear correlation was found between the capacities of human and bovine serum albumins to bind pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Cserháti
- Central Research Institute for Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Jiskoot W, Hlady V, Naleway JJ, Herron JN. Application of fluorescence spectroscopy for determining the structure and function of proteins. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 1995; 7:1-63. [PMID: 8564015 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1079-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W Jiskoot
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA
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