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Yu HM, Sharma S, Agarwal S, Liebman O, Banerjee AS. Carbon Kagome nanotubes-quasi-one-dimensional nanostructures with flat bands. RSC Adv 2024; 14:963-981. [PMID: 38188261 PMCID: PMC10768532 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06988e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a number of bulk materials and heterostructures have been explored due their connections with exotic materials phenomena emanating from flat band physics and strong electronic correlation. The possibility of realizing such fascinating material properties in simple realistic nanostructures is particularly exciting, especially as the investigation of exotic states of electronic matter in wire-like geometries is relatively unexplored in the literature. Motivated by these considerations, we introduce in this work carbon Kagome nanotubes (CKNTs)-a new allotrope of carbon formed by rolling up Kagome graphene, and investigate this material using specialized first principles calculations. We identify two principal varieties of CKNTs-armchair and zigzag, and find both varieties to be stable at room temperature, based on ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. CKNTs are metallic and feature dispersionless states (i.e., flat bands) near the Fermi level throughout their Brillouin zone, along with an associated singular peak in the electronic density of states. We calculate the mechanical and electronic response of CKNTs to torsional and axial strains, and show that CKNTs appear to be more mechanically compliant than conventional carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Additionally, we find that the electronic properties of CKNTs undergo significant electronic transitions-with emergent partial flat bands and tilted Dirac points-when twisted. We develop a relatively simple tight-binding model that can explain many of these electronic features. We also discuss possible routes for the synthesis of CKNTs. Overall, CKNTs appear to be unique and striking examples of realistic elemental quasi-one-dimensional materials that may display fascinating material properties due to strong electronic correlation. Distorted CKNTs may provide an interesting nanomaterial platform where flat band physics and chirality induced anomalous transport effects may be studied together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husan Ming Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA +1-763-656-7830
| | - Shivam Sharma
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Shivang Agarwal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Olivia Liebman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA +1-763-656-7830
| | - Amartya S Banerjee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA +1-763-656-7830
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Manzoor S, Talib M, Arsenin AV, Volkov VS, Mishra P. Polyethyleneimine-Starch Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Carbon Dioxide Sensing at Room Temperature. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:893-906. [PMID: 36643491 PMCID: PMC9835164 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is an ever-growing interest in the detection of carbon dioxide (CO2) due to health risks associated with CO2 emissions. Hence, there is a need for low-power and low-cost CO2 sensors for efficient monitoring and sensing of CO2 analyte molecules in the environment. This study reports on the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) that are functionalized using polyethyleneimine and starch (PEI-starch) in order to fabricate a PEI-starch functionalized SWCNT sensor for reversible CO2 detection under ambient room conditions (T = 25 °C; RH = 53%). Field-emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are used to analyze the physiochemical properties of the as-synthesized gas sensor. Due to the large specific surface area of SWCNTs and the efficient CO2 capturing capabilities of the amine-rich PEI layer, the sensor possesses a high CO2 adsorption capacity. When exposed to varying CO2 concentrations between 50 and 500 ppm, the sensor response exhibits a linear relationship with an increase in analyte concentration, allowing it to operate reliably throughout a broad range of CO2 concentrations. The sensing mechanism of the PEI-starch-functionalized SWCNT sensor is based on the reversible acid-base equilibrium chemical reactions between amino groups of PEI and adsorbed CO2 molecules, which produce carbamates and bicarbonates. Due to the presence of hygroscopic starch that attracts more water molecules to the surface of SWCNTs, the adsorption capacity of CO2 gas molecules is enhanced. After multiple cycles of analyte exposure, the sensor recovers to its initial resistance level via a UV-assisted recovery approach. In addition, the sensor exhibits great stability and reliability in multiple analyte gas exposures as well as excellent selectivity to carbon dioxide over other interfering gases such as carbon monoxide, oxygen, and ammonia, thereby showing the potential to monitor CO2 levels in various infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrah Manzoor
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia
Millia Islamia (Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi110025, India
| | - Mohammad Talib
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia
Millia Islamia (Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi110025, India
| | - Aleksey V. Arsenin
- Center
for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute
of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny141701, Russia
| | - Valentyn S. Volkov
- Center
for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute
of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny141701, Russia
| | - Prabhash Mishra
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia
Millia Islamia (Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi110025, India
- Center
for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute
of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny141701, Russia
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Chen J, Meng L. Effects of Different Phonon Scattering Factors on the Heat Transport Properties of Graphene Ribbons. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20186-20194. [PMID: 35722022 PMCID: PMC9202270 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effect of phonon scattering is of primary significance in the study of the thermal transport properties of graphene. While phonon scattering negatively affects the thermal conductivity, the exact effect of microscopic phonon scattering is still poorly understood when full phonon dispersions are taken into account. The heat transport properties of graphene ribbons were investigated theoretically by taking into account different polarization branches with different frequencies in order to understand the physical mechanism of the thermal transport phenomenon at the nanoscale. The effects of grain size, chiral angle, Grüneisen anharmonicity parameter, specularity parameter, and mass-fluctuation-scattering parameter were evaluated, taking into account of the restrictions imposed by boundary, Umklapp, and isotope scattering mechanisms. The contribution from each phonon branch was estimated, and the anisotropic coefficients were determined accordingly. The results indicated that the graphene ribbons are very efficient at conducting heat in all the cases studied. All the acoustical branches contribute significantly to the heat transport properties, and the temperature strongly affects the relative contribution of the phonon branches. The lattice thermal conductivity varies periodically with the chiral angle. The maximum thermal conductivity is achieved in the zigzag direction, and the minimum thermal conductivity is obtained in the armchair direction. The lattice thermal conductivity and anisotropic coefficient depend heavily upon the roughness of the edges and the width of the ribbons. The specularity parameter and mass-fluctuation-scattering parameter significantly affect the lattice thermal conductivity, and the effect arising from isotope scattering is significant in the context of natural isotopic abundance. The dependence of the Grüneisen anharmonicity parameter on phonon branches must be taken into account when making predictions. The results have significant implications for the understanding of the relations between phonon scattering and thermal properties.
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Pan B, Zhou P, Xiao H, Yang X, Sun L. Slater-Koster parametrization for the phonons of monolayer MoX 2(X = S, Se or Te). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:195702. [PMID: 35168223 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac5539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the help of the Slater-Koster parametrization, we construct simplified force constant (FC) models to describe the phonons of several two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) (MoX2, X = S, Se or Te) by only considering the FCs to fourth-nearest-neighbor interactions. By fitting the phonon dispersions derived from first-principles calculations, we find these models can well describe the symmetry characters and semimetal states of MoX2's phonons. Combining the basis of the FC model and the theory of tensor representation, we derive the origin of the irreducible representations at the high symmetry points Γ,KandM. Moreover, by using the compatibility relation between high symmetry points and high symmetry lines, we find the semimetal states of MoX2are protected by vertical and horizontal mirrors. Our work provides an effective tool to further study the phonons of 2D TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoru Pan
- Department of Physics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaping Xiao
- Department of Physics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejuan Yang
- Department of Physics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhong Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China
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Fan J, Wang X, Liu F, Chen Z, Chen G. N-Type Flexible Films and a Thermoelectric Generator of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Grafted Tin Selenide Nanocrystal Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30731-30738. [PMID: 34170118 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the significant progress in thermoelectric composites in recent years, the enhancement of thermoelectric performance is mainly based on weak interfacial interactions, although strong interactions (such as covalent-bonding grafting) are expected to display a more significant effect. In this study, the thermoelectric composites are prepared using a covalent-bond grafting method between tin selenide (SnSe) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) via a simple solvothermal process. The as-prepared highly flexible composite film shows an n-type thermoelectric characteristic. An optimized power factor of 58.86 μW m-1 K-2 at room temperature has been realized for the composite film with 16 wt % SWCNT loading. Finally, a flexible thermoelectric generator (TEG) consisting of three couples of p/n films is assembled, which can generate an open-circuit voltage of 15.55 μV and a maximum output power of 1.38 μW at a temperature gradient of 60 K. The results open a new avenue for the fabrication of n-type flexible films and TEG based on covalent-bonding-grafted composites and will benefit the design strategy of high-performance thermoelectric composites and flexible TEGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueshuo Fan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Guangming Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Bulyarskiy VS, Abdurakhmonov SD, Gorelik VS. Raman Scattering of Carbon Nanotubes Implanted with Nitrogen. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774520060115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Poly(ethylene Terephthalate) Carbon-Based Nanocomposites: A Crystallization and Molecular Orientation Study. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112626. [PMID: 33171669 PMCID: PMC7695265 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid polymeric materials incorporating carbon nanostructures or inorganic constituents stand as a promising class of materials exhibiting distinct but also complementary features. Carbon nanotubes have been proposed as unique candidates for polymer reinforcement; however, sustained efforts are further needed in order to make full use of their potential. The final properties of the reinforced polymer are controlled in part by the morphology and the eventual molecular orientation of the polymer matrix. In the present study, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were utilized in order to reinforce polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composites. The effect of CNTs on the crystallization and the orientation of the structurally hybridized polymeric material has been investigated from the perspective of assessing their impact on the final properties of a relevant nanocomposite product. Functionalized MWCNTs were used to achieve their optimal dispersion in the polymer matrix. The physical properties of the composites (i.e., crystallinity and orientation) were characterized via differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and polarized Raman microscopy. The addition of well-dispersed CNTs acted as a nucleation agent, increasing the crystallization of the polyethylene terephthalate matrix and differentiating the orientation of both CNTs and macromolecular chains.
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8
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Chenouf J, Boutahir M, Fakrach B, Rahmani A, Chadli H, Hermet P, Mejía-López J, Rahmani A. Encapsulation effect of π-conjugated quaterthiophene on the radial breathing and tangential modes of semiconducting and metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:2420-2428. [PMID: 32844488 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We developed a hybrid approach, combining the density functional theory, molecular mechanics, bond polarizability model and the spectral moment's method to compute the nonresonant Raman spectra of a single quaterthiophene (4T) molecule encapsulated into a single-walled carbon nanotube (metallic or semiconducting). We reported the optimal tube diameter allowing the 4T encapsulation. The influence of the encapsulation on the Raman modes of the 4T molecule and those of the nanotube (radial breathing modes and tangential modes) are analyzed. An eventual charge transfer between the 4T oligomer and the nanotube is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Chenouf
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux Avancés et Applications (LEM2A), Université Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mourad Boutahir
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux Avancés et Applications (LEM2A), Université Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco.,Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados CIEN-UC, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Brahim Fakrach
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux Avancés et Applications (LEM2A), Université Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco.,Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Appliquée, Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Faculté des Sciences Dhar El Mahraz Fez, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Abdelhai Rahmani
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux Avancés et Applications (LEM2A), Université Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Hassane Chadli
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux Avancés et Applications (LEM2A), Université Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Patrick Hermet
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jose Mejía-López
- Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados CIEN-UC, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Abdelali Rahmani
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux Avancés et Applications (LEM2A), Université Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
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9
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He M, Zhang S, Zhang J. Horizontal Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays: Controlled Synthesis, Characterizations, and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:12592-12684. [PMID: 33064453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) emerge as a promising material to advance carbon nanoelectronics. However, synthesizing or assembling pure metallic/semiconducting SWNTs required for interconnects/integrated circuits, respectively, by a conventional chemical vapor deposition method or by an assembly technique remains challenging. Recent studies have shown significant scientific breakthroughs in controlled SWNT synthesis/assembly and applications in scaled field effect transistors, which are a critical component in functional nanodevices, thereby rendering the horizontal SWNT array an important candidate for innovating nanotechnology. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the controlled synthesis, surface assembly, characterization techniques, and potential applications of horizontally aligned SWNT arrays. This review begins with the discussion of synthesis of horizontally aligned SWNTs with regulated direction, density, structure, and theoretical models applied to understand the growth results. Several traditional procedures applied for assembling SWNTs on target surface are also briefly discussed. It then discusses the techniques adopted to characterize SWNTs, ranging from electron/probe microscopy to various optical spectroscopy methods. Prototype applications based on the horizontally aligned SWNTs, such as interconnects, field effect transistors, integrated circuits, and even computers, are subsequently described. Finally, this review concludes with challenges and a brief outlook of the future development in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshuai He
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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10
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Fabrication and in vivo evaluation of hydroxyapatite/carbon nanotube electrospun fibers for biomedical/dental application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 80:387-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Shah MT, Alveroglu E. Synthesis and characterization of magnetite nanoparticles having different cover layer and investigation of cover layer effect on the adsorption of lysozyme and bovine serum albumin. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 81:393-399. [PMID: 28887990 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, differently coated superparamagnetic Fe3O4 (magnetite) nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized and used for lysozyme (Ly) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption. SiO2, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene were used for covering the readily synthesized magnetite nanoparticles to elucidate the effect of cover layer on the protein adsorption kinetics and capacities of nanostructure. XRD, FTIR, AFM, SEM, VSM and fluorescence measurements were used for the characterization of the samples and investigating the adsorption kinetics of Ly and BSA by these nanoparticles. The average particle size of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles are approximately found as 10nm and VSM measurement shows that the Fe3O4 particles have superparamagnetic behavior with no hysteresis and remnant. The adsorption kinetic of proteins on nanosized material is followed via fluorescence method. All the nanostructures with different cover layers obey pseudo first order kinetics and SiO2 coated nanoparticles show the fastest kinetics and capabilities for Ly and BSA adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tariq Shah
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Physics Engineering, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Esra Alveroglu
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Physics Engineering, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
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13
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Kurnosov AA, Rubtsov IV, Maksymov AO, Burin AL. Electronic torsional sound in linear atomic chains: Chemical energy transport at 1000 km/s. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:034903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4958726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arkady A. Kurnosov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Igor V. Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Andrii O. Maksymov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Alexander L. Burin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
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14
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Lee JH, Jeong YK, Peters JA, Nam GH, Jin S, Kim JH. In Situ Fabrication of Nano Transistors by Selective Deposition of a Gate Dielectric around Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:24094-24102. [PMID: 26466360 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The CNT-SiO2 core-shell structure is particularly appealing because the insulating SiO2 layer wraps around the CNTs, functioning as a gate dielectric. However, it is still a challenge to expose both end-caps of the structure for enabling them to serve as electrodes, which additionally requires complicated postprocesses. Here, we present a unique CNTs-SiO2 core-shell structure where both ends are uncovered with SiO2 in a "peeled-wire" structure. In this structure, SiO2 particles partially encapsulate the CNTs during the synthesis, resulting in both end-caps of the nanotube being self-exposed and electrically conductive. The field-effect transistor build-up with this structure exhibits p-type characteristics with a linear conductance behavior on Id-Vd output performance. This approach for making self-formed electrodes in the CNT-SiO2 core-shell structure provides a simple and efficient way for applying them to future nanodevices in terms of process simplicity and cost effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University , 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Young K Jeong
- Non-Ferrous Materials Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) , 137-41 Gwahakdanji-ro, Gangneung-si 25440, Republic of Korea
| | - John A Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Engineering Studies, Chicago State University , 9501 South King Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60628, United States
| | - Gwang-Hyeon Nam
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University , Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University , 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University , Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
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15
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Sadegh H, Shahryari-ghoshekandi R, Agarwal S, Tyagi I, Asif M, Gupta VK. Microwave-assisted removal of malachite green by carboxylate functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Kinetics and equilibrium study. J Mol Liq 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Jiang JW, Wang BS, Wang JS, Park HS. A review on the flexural mode of graphene: lattice dynamics, thermal conduction, thermal expansion, elasticity and nanomechanical resonance. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:083001. [PMID: 25612615 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/8/083001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Single-layer graphene is so flexible that its flexural mode (also called the ZA mode, bending mode, or out-of-plane transverse acoustic mode) is important for its thermal and mechanical properties. Accordingly, this review focuses on exploring the relationship between the flexural mode and thermal and mechanical properties of graphene. We first survey the lattice dynamic properties of the flexural mode, where the rigid translational and rotational invariances play a crucial role. After that, we outline contributions from the flexural mode in four different physical properties or phenomena of graphene-its thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, Young's modulus and nanomechanical resonance. We explain how graphene's superior thermal conductivity is mainly due to its three acoustic phonon modes at room temperature, including the flexural mode. Its coefficient of thermal expansion is negative in a wide temperature range resulting from the particular vibration morphology of the flexural mode. We then describe how the Young's modulus of graphene can be extracted from its thermal fluctuations, which are dominated by the flexural mode. Finally, we discuss the effects of the flexural mode on graphene nanomechanical resonators, while also discussing how the essential properties of the resonators, including mass sensitivity and quality factor, can be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wu Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
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17
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Study in synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes decorated by magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-014-0128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Vennerberg DC, Quirino RL, Jang Y, Kessler MR. Oxidation behavior of multiwalled carbon nanotubes fluidized with ozone. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:1835-1842. [PMID: 24422718 DOI: 10.1021/am4048305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were simultaneously fluidized and oxidized with gaseous ozone in a vertical reactor. Two different varieties of MWCNTs were compared to determine the versatility of the treatment and to elucidate the effect of defects on the oxidation behavior of MWCNTs. The extent of oxidation and nature of functional groups introduced on the nanotube surfaces were determined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Boehm titration, and structural changes were monitored with Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After only a few minutes of treatment, nongraphitic impurities were removed from the MWCNTs, and significant levels of oxidation (∼8 atom % O) were achieved with very little damage to the nanotube sidewalls. Short O3 exposure resulted in primarily hydroxyl functionalities, whereas longer exposure led to the formation of mainly carboxylic acid groups. Aliphatic defects present in the commercially produced MWCNTs were found to play an important role in the oxidation mechanism. Because of its ability to remove impurities and to evenly oxidize the sidewalls of nanotubes without the use of any solvents, the fluidized O3 reaction developed in this study was found to be an attractive option for industrial-scale MWCNT functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny C Vennerberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Abstract
In this study, we develop graphitic carbon-water nonbonded interaction parameters entirely from ab initio calculation data of interaction energies between graphene and a single water molecule. First, we employ the Møller-Plesset perturbation theory of the second order (MP2) method to compute the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-water interaction energies, with proper size of basis sets and energy component analysis to extrapolate to infinite-sized graphene limit. Then, we develop graphitic carbon-water interaction parameters based on the MP2 data from this work and the ab initio data available in the literature from other methods such as random-phase approximation (RPA), density functional theory-symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (DFT-SAPT), and coupled cluster treatment with single and double excitations and perturbative triples (CCSD(T)). The accuracy of the interaction parameters is evaluated by predicting water contact angle on graphite and carbon nanotube (CNT) radial breathing mode (RBM) frequency shift and comparing them with experimental data. The interaction parameters obtained from MP2 data predict the CNT RBM frequency shift that is in good agreement with experiments. The interaction parameters obtained from RPA and DFT-SAPT data predict the contact angles and the CNT RBM frequency shift that agree well with experiments. The interaction parameters obtained from CCSD(T) data underestimate the contact angles and overestimate the CNT RBM frequency shift probably due to the use of small basis sets in CCSD(T) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Wu
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Sanders GD, Nugraha ART, Sato K, Kim JH, Kono J, Saito R, Stanton CJ. Theory of coherent phonons in carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:144201. [PMID: 23478856 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/14/144201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We survey our recent theoretical studies on the generation and detection of coherent radial breathing mode (RBM) phonons in single-walled carbon nanotubes and coherent radial breathing like mode (RBLM) phonons in graphene nanoribbons. We present a microscopic theory for the electronic states, phonon modes, optical matrix elements and electron-phonon interaction matrix elements that allows us to calculate the coherent phonon spectrum. An extended tight-binding (ETB) model has been used for the electronic structure and a valence force field (VFF) model has been used for the phonon modes. The coherent phonon amplitudes satisfy a driven oscillator equation with the driving term depending on the photoexcited carrier density. We discuss the dependence of the coherent phonon spectrum on the nanotube chirality and type, and also on the graphene nanoribbon mod number and class (armchair versus zigzag). We compare these results with a simpler effective mass theory where reasonable agreement with the main features of the coherent phonon spectrum is found. In particular, the effective mass theory helps us to understand the initial phase of the coherent phonon oscillations for a given nanotube chirality and type. We compare these results to two different experiments for nanotubes: (i) micelle suspended tubes and (ii) aligned nanotube films. In the case of graphene nanoribbons, there are no experimental observations to date. We also discuss, based on the evaluation of the electron-phonon interaction matrix elements, the initial phase of the coherent phonon amplitude and its dependence on the chirality and type. Finally, we discuss previously unpublished results for coherent phonon amplitudes in zigzag nanoribbons obtained using an effective mass theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Sanders
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Box 118440, Gainesville, FL 32611-8440, USA.
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Kim JH, Nugraha A, Booshehri L, Hároz E, Sato K, Sanders G, Yee KJ, Lim YS, Stanton C, Saito R, Kono J. Coherent phonons in carbon nanotubes and graphene. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Manzano H, Enyashin AN, Dolado JS, Ayuela A, Frenzel J, Seifert G. Do cement nanotubes exist? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:3239-3245. [PMID: 22589176 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201103704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using atomistic simulations, this work indicates that cement nanotubes can exist. The chemically compatible nanotubes are constructed from the two main minerals in ordinary Portland cement pastes, namely calcium hydroxide and a calcium silicate hydrate called tobermorite. These results show that such nanotubes are stable and have outstanding mechanical properties, unique characteristics that make them ideally suitable for nanoscale reinforcements of cements.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Manzano
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, BILBAO, Spain
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Abstract
Carbon nanotubes exhibit unusual electronic and mechanical properties which vary with subtle changes in microstructure, applied electromagnetic field and mechanical deformations, and introduction of topological defects. These novel properties offer unprecedent opportunities to study fundamental physics, fabricate advanced composition materials, and construct quantum devices at nanometer scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- JIAN PING LU
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - JIE HAN
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
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Aqel A, El-Nour KMA, Ammar RA, Al-Warthan A. Carbon nanotubes, science and technology part (I) structure, synthesis and characterisation. ARAB J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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HARTSCHUH ACHIM, ANDERSON NEIL, NOVOTNY LUKAS. NEAR-FIELD RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY OF INDIVIDUAL SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x04002164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Near-field Raman spectroscopy with high spatial resolution is used to study single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) within dense samples. A sharp, laser-irradiated metal tip acts as a near-field excitation source causing an enhanced Raman signal within close proximity of the tip. We present optical images of different Raman modes with a spatial resolution better than 15 nm. Local spectroscopy allows us to identify and distinguish tubes with different structures on the nanometer-scale and to observe variations within the spectrum of individual tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- ACHIM HARTSCHUH
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Siegen, Siegen, 57068, Germany
| | - NEIL ANDERSON
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - LUKAS NOVOTNY
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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Yumura M, Uchida K, Niino H, Ohshima S, Kuriki Y, Yase K, Ikazaki F. A Study on the Purification methods of Carbon Nanotubes and Stm Imaging of the Carbon Nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-349-231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractsPurification process to obtain nanotubes out of the cathode product mostly including fragments of graphitic sheet and/or amorphous carbon has been established. Structures and electronic properties of carbon nanotubes were studied. By the Raman scattering measurement, only one peak at 1581 cm−1 akin to that of graphite was found out. It was confirmed by STM observation of purified nanotubes. Purified nanotubes was semiconductor or semimetal.
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Gao Y, Li L, Tan P, Liu L, Zhang Z. Application of Raman spectroscopy in carbon nanotube-based polymer composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-010-4100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Maret M, Saubat B, Flock J, Mantoux A, Charlot F, Makarov D. Horizontal single-walled carbon nanotubes on MgO(1 1 0) and MgO(0 0 1) substrates. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Saleh NB, Pfefferle LD, Elimelech M. Influence of biomacromolecules and humic acid on the aggregation kinetics of single-walled carbon nanotubes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:2412-2418. [PMID: 20184360 DOI: 10.1021/es903059t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The initial aggregation kinetics of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were studied using time-resolved dynamic light scattering. Aggregation of SWNTs was evaluated in the presence of natural organic matter [Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA)], polysaccharide (alginate), protein [bovine serum albumin (BSA)], and cell culture medium [Luria-Bertani (LB) broth] with varying solution concentrations of monovalent (NaCl) and divalent (CaCl(2)) salts. Increasing salt concentration and adding divalent calcium ions induced SWNT aggregation by screening electrostatic charge and thereby suppressing electrostatic repulsion, similar to observations with aquatic colloidal particles. The presence of biomacromolecules significantly retarded the SWNT aggregation rate. BSA protein molecules were most effective in reducing the rate of aggregation followed by SRHA, LB, and alginate. The slowing of the SWNT aggregation rate in the presence of the biomacromolecules and SRHA can be attributed to steric repulsion originating from the adsorbed macromolecular layer. The remarkably enhanced SWNT stability in the presence of BSA, compared to that with the other biomacromolecules and SRHA, is ascribed to the BSA globular molecular structure that enhances steric repulsion. The results have direct implications for the fate and behavior of SWNTs in aquatic environments and biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid B Saleh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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Constantopoulos KT, Shearer CJ, Ellis AV, Voelcker NH, Shapter JG. Carbon nanotubes anchored to silicon for device fabrication. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:557-571. [PMID: 20217751 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200900945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This report highlights recent progress in the fabrication of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs) on silicon-based materials. Research into these nanostructured composite materials is spurred by the importance of silicon as a basis for most current devices and the disruptive properties of CNTs. Various CNT attachments methods of covalent and adsorptive nature are critically compared. Selected examples of device applications where the VA-CNT on silicon assemblies are showing particular promise are discussed. These applications include field emitters, filtration membranes, dry adhesives, sensors and scaffolds for biointerfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina T Constantopoulos
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
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Kimura M, Miki N, Suzuki D, Adachi N, Tatewaki Y, Shirai H. Wrapping of self-organized fluorescent nanofibers with a silica wall. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:776-80. [PMID: 19072695 DOI: 10.1021/la802991g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic compounds 1 and 2, composed of an aromatic pyrene core and an amphiphilic three-branched unit, were synthesized and investigated for their self-organizing process in solution by UV-vis, fluorescence spectra, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and fluorescence microscopes. While 2 formed spherical objects in a mixed solvent of methanol and water, 1 assembled into long, flexible, and fluorescent fibers through pi-pi stacking of pyrene cores and hydrogen bonding among amide groups. The fluorescence spectra and morphologies strongly depended on the concentration and solution temperature. The fibrous assemblies were wrapped with an ultrathin silica wall by the acidic sol-gel polymerization of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image after the sol-gel polymerization showed discrete fibrous structures with a uniform diameter of 3.5 nm and several micrometers in length. The thickness of the silica wall and the inner diameter of one fiber were estimated to be 0.5 nm and 2.5 nm, respectively. The observed inner diameter of the fiber was almost compatible with the width of the cylindrical assembly made of 1. The pyrene unit in 1 can interact with the sidewall of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) through pi-pi interaction, and the adsorption of 1 onto the surface of SWNTs could disrupt the formation of bundles. The accumulation of oligomeric silica species at the hydrophilic surface created organic-inorganic nanoscopic fibers containing electronic conductive SWNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Kimura
- Department of Functional Polymer Science, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan.
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33
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Wang H, Cao X, Feng M, Wang Y, Jin Q, Ding D, Lan G. Family behaviour of Raman-active phonon frequencies of single-wall nanotubes of C, BN and BC3. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 71:1932-1937. [PMID: 18838291 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Using a symmetry-based force-constant model of the lattice dynamics, the Raman-active phonon frequencies are calculated for almost 200 single-wall nanotubes of C, BN and BC(3). The n+m=constant family behaviour is found in most branches and these three kinds of nanotubes display different diameter and chirality dependence in different branches. In these branches, vibration modes that C, BN and BC(3) nanotubes have in common are presented in detail. For a particular family, the phonon frequency at Gamma point changes regularly with the chiral angle. Therefore, we may distinguish among single-wall nanotubes with similar diameter and different chiral angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- School of Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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34
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Wang Y, Wu Y, Feng M, Wang H, Jin Q, Ding D, Cao X. Phonon vibrational frequencies of all single-wall carbon nanotubes at the lambda point: reduced matrix calculations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 71:1102-1105. [PMID: 18472297 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
With a simple method-the reduced matrix method, we simplified the calculation of the phonon vibrational frequencies according to SWNTs structure and their phonon symmetric property and got the dispersion properties of all SWNTs at Gamma point in Brillouin zone, whose diameters lie between 0.6 and 2.5 nm. The calculating time is shrunk about 2-4 orders. A series of the dependent relationships between the diameters of SWNTs and the frequencies of Raman and IR active modes are given. Several fine structures including "glazed tile" structures in omega approximately d figures are found, which might predict a certain macro-quantum phenomenon of the phonons in SWNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Wang
- College of Physics, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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35
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Jaisi DP, Saleh NB, Blake RE, Elimelech M. Transport of single-walled carbon nanotubes in porous media: filtration mechanisms and reversibility. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:8317-8323. [PMID: 19068812 DOI: 10.1021/es801641v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of nanomaterials onto surfaces is a key process governing their transport, fate, and reactivity in aquatic systems. We evaluated the transport and deposition behavior of carboxyl functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in a well-defined porous medium composed of clean quartz sand over a range of solution chemistries. Our results showthat increasing solution ionic strength or addition of calcium ions result in increased SWNT deposition (filtration). This observation is consistent with conventional colloid deposition theories, thereby suggesting that physicochemical filtration plays an important role in SWNT transport. However, the relatively insignificant change of SWNT filtration at low ionic strengths (< or = 3.0 mM KCl) and the incomplete breakthrough of SWNTs in deionized water (C/Co = 0.90) indicate that physical straining also plays a role in the capture of SWNTs within the packed sand column. It is proposed that SWNT shape and structure, particularly the very large aspect ratio and its highly bundled (aggregated) state in aqueous solutions, contribute considerably to straining in flow through porous media. We conclude that both physicochemical filtration and straining play a role at low (< 3.0 mM) ionic strength, while physicochemical filtration is the dominant mechanism of SWNT filtration at higher ionic strengths. Our results further show that deposited SWNTs are mobilized (released) from the quartz sand upon introduction of low ionic strength solution following deposition experiments with monovalent salt (KCl). In contrast, SWNTs deposited in the presence of calcium ions were not released upon introduction of low ionic strength solution to the packed column, even when humic acid was present in solution during SWNT deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deb P Jaisi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, USA
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36
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Wang Y, Zhang B, Jin Q, Li B, Ding D, Cao X. The calculations of phonon dispersion relations for single-wall carbon armchair and zigzag nanotubes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2007; 68:1149-52. [PMID: 17329162 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 01/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A 3D single-wall carbon nanotube can be viewed as a 2D graphite sheet rolled into a 3D cylinder. In the study of dispersion relations of carbon nanotubes, the consistent force parameters for 2D graphite sheets have to be modified to include the curvature effect. The present paper reports a series of calculations of phonon dispersion relations for single-wall carbon armchair, zigzag nanotube in which the curvature effect has been properly treated. The symmetry of crystal vibration mode at the centre of Brillouin zone is analyzed based on our numeric results and the structure symmetry of the nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Wang
- Department of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
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37
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Tang H, Ismail-Beigi S. Novel precursors for boron nanotubes: the competition of two-center and three-center bonding in boron sheets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:115501. [PMID: 17930448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.115501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a new class of boron sheets, composed of triangular and hexagonal motifs, that are more stable than structures considered to date and thus are likely to be the precursors of boron nanotubes. We describe a simple and clear picture of electronic bonding in boron sheets and highlight the importance of three-center bonding and its competition with two-center bonding, which can also explain the stability of recently discovered boron fullerenes. Our findings call for reconsideration of the literature on boron sheets, nanotubes, and clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Yamakita Y, Kimura J, Ohno K. Molecular vibrations of [n]oligoacenes (n=2−5 and 10) and phonon dispersion relations of polyacene. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:064904. [PMID: 17313241 DOI: 10.1063/1.2434782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As model compounds for nanosize carbon clusters, the phonon dispersion curves of polyacene are constructed based on density functional theory calculations for [n]oligoacenes (n=2-5, 10, and 15). Complete vibrational assignments are given for the observed Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectra of [n]oligoacenes (n=2-5). Raman intensity distributions by the 1064-nm excitation are well reproduced by the polarizability-approximation calculations for naphthalene and anthracene, whereas several bands of naphthacene and pentacene at 1700-1100 cm(-1) are calculated to be enhanced by the resonance Raman effect. It is found from vibronic calculations that the coupled a(g) modes between the Kekulé deformation and joint CC stretching give rise to the Raman enhancements of the Franck-Condon type, and that the b(3g) mode corresponding to the graphite G mode is enhanced by vibronic coupling between the (1)L(a)((1)B(1u)) and (1)B(b)((1)B(2u)) states. The phonon dispersion curves of polyacene provide a uniform foundation for understanding molecular vibrations of the oligoacenes in terms of the phase difference. The mode correlated with the defect-sensitive D mode of the bulk carbon networks is also found for the present one-dimensional system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Yamakita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Gupta A, Chen G, Joshi P, Tadigadapa S, Eklund PC. Raman scattering from high-frequency phonons in supported n-graphene layer films. NANO LETTERS 2006; 6:2667-73. [PMID: 17163685 DOI: 10.1021/nl061420a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Results of room-temperature Raman scattering studies of ultrathin graphitic films supported on Si (100)/SiO2 substrates are reported. The results are significantly different from those known for graphite. Spectra were collected using 514.5 nm radiation on films containing from n = 1 to 20 graphene layers, as determined by atomic force microscopy. Both the first- and second-order Raman spectra show unique signatures of the number of layers in the film. The nGL film analogue of the Raman G-band in graphite exhibits a Lorentzian line shape whose center frequency shifts linearly relative to graphite as approximately 1/n (for n = 1 omegaG approximately 1587 cm-1). Three weak bands, identified with disorder-induced first-order scattering, are observed at approximately 1350, 1450, and 1500 cm-1. The approximately 1500 cm-1 band is weak but relatively sharp and exhibits an interesting n-dependence. In general, the intensity of these D-bands decreases dramatically with increasing n. Three second-order bands are also observed (approximately 2450, approximately 2700, and 3248 cm-1). They are analogues to those observed in graphite. However, the approximately 2700 cm-1 band exhibits an interesting and dramatic change of shape with n. Interestingly, for n < 5 this second-order band is more intense than the G-band.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gupta
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Tseng CH, Wang CC, Chen CY. Modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by plasma treatment and further use as templates for growth of CdS nanocrystals. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2006; 17:5602-5612. [PMID: 21727331 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/17/22/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present a novel method for preparing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) grafted with a poly(2-methacrylic acid 3-(bis-carboxymethylamino)-2-hydroxy-propyl ester) (GMA-IDA)-cadmium sulfide complex (CNTs-G-ICdS complex) through plasma-induced grafting polymerization. The characteristics of the MWCNTs after being grafted with the GMA-IDA polymer were monitored by a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscope. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) shows that the amount of GMA-IDA grafted onto the MWCNTs increases with the concentration of GMA-IDA monomer. The complex resulting from GMA-IDA polymer grafting onto the MWCNTs, CNTs-G-I (15%), shows excellent dispersion properties in aqueous solution and has high Zeta potential values over a wide range of pH values, from 2 to 12. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm the successful chemical modification of MWCNTs through the plasma treatment. The chelating groups, -N(CH(2)COO(-))(2) in the GMA-IDA polymer grafted on the surface of the CNTs-G-I, are the coordination sites for chelating cadmium ions, and are further used as nano-templates for the growth of CdS nanocrystals (quantum dots). Moreover, TEM microscopy reveals that the size of the CdS nanocrystals on the CNT surfaces increases with increasing S(2-) concentration. In addition, high resolution x-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy was used to characterize the functional groups on the surface of the MWCNTs after chemical modification by the plasma treatment and grafting with GMA-IDA polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Tseng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekatsu Suzuura
- a Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo , 7-22-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo , 106-8666 , Japan
| | - Tsuneya Ando
- a Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo , 7-22-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo , 106-8666 , Japan
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43
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Guo CY, Montgomery Pettitt B, Wheeler LT. Force field comparisons of the heat capacity of carbon nanotubes. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/08927020600962956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Choi TY, Poulikakos D, Tharian J, Sennhauser U. Measurement of the thermal conductivity of individual carbon nanotubes by the four-point three-omega method. NANO LETTERS 2006; 6:1589-93. [PMID: 16895340 DOI: 10.1021/nl060331v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The thermal conductivity of individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes was measured by utilizing the four-point-probe third-harmonic method, based on the fact that the third harmonic amplitude and phase as a response to applied alternate current at fundamental frequency, omega, can be expressed in terms of thermal conductivity and diffusivity. To this end, a microfabricated device composed of four metal electrodes was modified to manufacture nanometer-sized wires by using a focused ion beam source. A carbon nanotube could then be suspended over a deep trench milled by the focused ion beam, preventing heat loss to the substrate. Compared with the two-point-probe technique, a significant improvement in accuracy is assured by using four probes, because the contact contribution to the determination of the thermal conductivity is eliminated, making it possible to measure the correct signals of first and third harmonics. The multiwalled carbon nanotube was modeled as a one-dimensional diffusive energy transporter and its thermal conductivity was measured at room temperature under vacuum to be 300 +/- 20 W/mK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Youl Choi
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
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Li YH, Zhao YM, Roe M, Furniss D, Zhu YQ, Silva SRP, Wei JQ, Wu DH, Poa CHP. In-plane large single-walled carbon nanotube films: in situ synthesis and field-emission properties. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2006; 2:1026-30. [PMID: 17193163 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200600080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Li
- Advanced Materials Group, School of Mechanical, Materials, and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Sbai K, Rahmani A, Chadli H, Bantignies JL, Hermet P, Sauvajol JL. Infrared Spectroscopy of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:12388-93. [PMID: 16800564 DOI: 10.1021/jp0574504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
By using the spectral moments method, we calculate the infrared spectra of chiral and achiral single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) of different diameters and lengths. We show that the number of the infrared modes, their frequencies, and intensities depend on the length and chirality of the nanotubes. Furthermore, the dependence of the infrared spectrum as a function of the size of the SWCNT bundle is analyzed. These predictions are useful to interpret the experimental infrared spectra of SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sbai
- Equipe de Physique Informatique et Modélisation des Systèmes, Université MY Ismail, Faculté des Sciences, BP 11201, Zitoune, 5000 Meknès, Morocco
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Kim UJ, Liu XM, Furtado CA, Chen G, Saito R, Jiang J, Dresselhaus MS, Eklund PC. Infrared-active vibrational modes of single-walled carbon nanotubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:157402. [PMID: 16241759 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.157402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2004] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The IR-active vibrational modes of single-walled carbon nanotubes have been observed by optical transmission through thin films of bundled nanotubes. Because IR-active chemical functional groups, e.g., -COOH, -OH, might be attached to the tube walls and contribute additional spectral features, we have also studied the effects of chemical purification and long-term high-temperature vacuum annealing on the IR spectrum. Through comparison with theory, we are able to assign much of the sharp structure observed in our IR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- U J Kim
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Mingo N, Broido DA. Carbon nanotube ballistic thermal conductance and its limits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:096105. [PMID: 16197233 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.096105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Calculations of the quantum-mechanical ballistic thermal conductance of single-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphite are presented, which explain previous experimental results, and directly disprove earlier theoretical calculations. The ballistic thermal conductances are smaller than had been previously thought, whereas the maximum sample lengths in which phonon transport remains ballistic are orders of magnitude larger than previously suggested. Good agreement with previous experiments is obtained, which shows that measured lower bounds to the thermal conductance of multiwalled carbon nanotubes are very close to the upper theoretical bounds for graphite. The bounds shown here draw a line between what is physical and unphysical in any measurements or calculations of carbon nanotube thermal conductance, and constitute a necessary test to their validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mingo
- NASA-Ames Center for Nanotechnology, 229-1 Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
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Mingo N, Broido DA. Length dependence of carbon nanotube thermal conductivity and the "problem of long waves". NANO LETTERS 2005; 5:1221-5. [PMID: 16178214 DOI: 10.1021/nl050714d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the first calculations of finite length carbon nanotube thermal conductivity that extend from the ballistic to the diffusive regime, throughout a very wide range of lengths and temperatures. The long standing problem of vanishing scattering of the "long wavelength phonf dramatically here, making the thermal conductivity diverge as the nanotube length increases. We show that the divergence disappears if 3-phonon scattering processes are considered to second or higher order. Nevertheless, for defect free nanotubes, the thermal conductivity keeps increasing up to very large lengths (10 gm at 300 K). Defects in the nanotube are also able to remove the long wavelength divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mingo
- NASA Ames Center for Nanotechnology, 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA
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