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Liu Z, Wang X, Dai Y, Wei X, Ni M, Zhang L, Zhu Z. Expressing Double-Stranded RNAs of Insect Hormone-Related Genes Enhances Baculovirus Insecticidal Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E419. [PMID: 30669419 PMCID: PMC6359566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Baculoviruses have already been used for insect pest control, but the slow killing speed limits their further promotion and application. Here we provide a strategy for improving baculovirus insecticidal activity using Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) to express double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeting cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) juvenile hormone (JH)-related genes. Droplet-feeding bioassays show that the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values of recombinant baculoviruses expressing the dsRNA of JH acid methyl transferase gene (HaJHAMT) and the JH acid binding protein gene (HaJHBP) were 1.24 × 10⁴ polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB)/mL and 2.26 × 10⁴ PIB/mL, respectively. Both were much lower than the control value (8.12 × 10⁴ PIB/mL). Meanwhile, the LT50 of recombinant baculovirus expressing dsRNA of HaJHBP was only 54.2% of the control value, which means that larval death was accelerated. Furthermore, the mRNA level of target genes was reduced in recombinant baculovirus-treated cotton bollworm larvae. Transcription of several key genes involved in hormone signaling pathways-for example, ecdysone receptor gene (HaEcR)-was also altered. This study establishes a new strategy for pest management by interfering with insect hormone-related gene expression via baculoviruses, and the engineered baculoviruses have great potential application in cotton production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Mi Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Zhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Ashour MB, Ragheb DA, El-Sheikh ESA, Gomaa EAA, Kamita SG, Hammock BD. Biosafety of recombinant and wild type nucleopolyhedroviruses as bioinsecticides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2007; 4:111-25. [PMID: 17617674 PMCID: PMC3728576 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph2007040005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The entomopathogenic Autographa californica (Speyer) nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) has been genetically modified to increase its speed of kill. The potential adverse effects of a recombinant AcMNPV (AcAaIT) as well as wild type AcMNPV and wild type Spodoptera littoralis NPV (SlNPV) were studied. Cotton plants were treated with these viruses at concentrations that were adjusted to resemble the recommended field application rate (4 x 10(12) PIBs/feddan, feddan = 4,200 m2) and 3rd instar larvae of S. littoralis were allowed to feed on the contaminated plants. SDS-PAGE, ELISA, and DNA analyses were used to confirm that larvae that fed on these plants were virus-infected. Polyhedra that were purified from the infected larvae were subjected to structural protein analysis. A 32 KDa protein was found in polyhedra that were isolated from all of the viruses. Subtle differences were found in the size and abundance of ODV proteins. Antisera against polyhedral proteins isolated from AcAaIT polyhedra were raised in rabbits. The terminal bleeds from rabbits were screened against four coating antigens (i.e., polyhedral proteins from AcAaIT, AcAaIT from field-infected larvae (AcAaIT-field), AcMNPV, and SlNPV) using a two-dimensional titration method with the coated antigen format. Competitive inhibition experiments were conducted in parallel to optimize antibody and coating antigen concentrations for ELISA. The IC50 values for each combination ranged from 1.42 to 163 microg/ml. AcAaIT-derived polyhedrin gave the lowest IC50 value, followed by those of SlNPV, AcAaIT-field, and AcMNPV. The optimized ELISA system showed low cross reactivity for AcMNPV (0.87%), AcAaIT-field (1.2%), and SlNPV (4.0%). Genomic DNAs isolated from AcAaIT that were passaged in larvae of S. littoralis that were reared in the laboratory or field did not show any detectable differences. Albino rats (male and female) that were treated with AcAaIT, AcMNPV or SlNPV (either orally or by intraperitoneal injection at doses of 1 x 10(8) or 1 x 10(7) PIBs/rat, respectively) appeared to be healthy and showed increased body weight at 21 days posttreatment. The effect of virus administration on hematological, serum biochemical, and histopathological parameters were determined. Slight to moderate differences were observed in most of the hematological parameters. Specifically, serum proteins were decreased markedly in female rats treated orally with SlNPV, and in male rats injected with AcAaIT. SDS-PAGE analysis also showed some changes in serum protein profiles. No marked changes in acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity were found. Changes in serum glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, creatinin, and urea were also observed. Immunohistochemical observation of tissues from stomach, intestine, liver, kidney, brain, spleen, and lung also showed slight changes. Fish (Tilapia nilotica) were also exposed to AcAaIT, AcMNPV or SlNPV by incorporating each of the viruses into diet (1 x 10(9) PIBs/group). No mortality was found in treated or untreated fish during the experimental period (28 days). Macrophage phagocytic activity of fish head kidney cells increased with time, reaching maximum values at 180 min for both treated and control fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Bassem Ashour
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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Abstract
Since the introduction of DDT in the 1940s, arthropod pest control has relied heavily upon chemical insecticides. However, the development of insect resistance, an increased awareness of the real and perceived environmental and health impacts of these chemicals, and the need for systems with a smaller environmental footprint has stimulated the search for new insecticidal compounds, novel molecular targets, and alternative control methods. In recent decades a variety of biocontrol methods employing peptidic or proteinaceous insect-specific toxins derived from microbes, plants and animals have been examined in the laboratory and field with varying results. Among the many interdependent factors involved with the production of a cost-effective pesticide--production expense, kill efficiency, environmental persistence, pest-specificity, pest resistance-development, public perception and ease of delivery--sprayable biopesticides have not yet found equal competitive footing with chemical counterparts. However, while protein/peptide-based biopesticides continue to have limitations, advances in the technology, particularly of genetically modified organisms as biopesticidal delivery systems, has continually progressed. This review highlights the varieties of delivery methods currently practiced, examining the strengths and weaknesses of each method.
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Inceoglu AB, Kamita SG, Hammock BD. Genetically modified baculoviruses: a historical overview and future outlook. Adv Virus Res 2006; 68:323-60. [PMID: 16997016 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3527(06)68009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The concept of using genetic engineering to improve the natural insecticidal activity of baculoviruses emerged during the 1980s. Both academic and industrial laboratories have since invested a great deal of effort to generate genetically modified (GM) or recombinant baculoviruses with dramatically improved speeds of kill. Optimal production methodologies and formulations have also been developed, and the safety and ecology of the recombinant baculoviruses have been thoroughly investigated. Unfortunately, the initial excitement that was generated by these technologies was tempered when industry made a critical decision to not complete the registration process of GM baculoviruses for pest insect control. In this chapter, we summarize the developments in the field from a historical perspective and provide our opinions as to the current status and future potential of the technology. We will argue that GM baculoviruses are valuable and viable tools for pest insect control both alone and in combination with wild-type viruses. We believe that these highly effective biopesticides still have a bright future in modern agriculture as public awareness and acceptance of GM organisms, including GM baculoviruses, increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bora Inceoglu
- Department of Entomology and Cancer Research Center University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Rajendra W, Hackett KJ, Buckley E, Hammock BD. Functional expression of lepidopteran-selective neurotoxin in baculovirus: potential for effective pest management. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1760:158-63. [PMID: 16406338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2005] [Revised: 10/23/2005] [Accepted: 11/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant baculovirus expressing insect-selective neurotoxins derived from venomous animals are considered as an attractive alternative to chemical insecticides for efficient insect control agents. Recently we identified and characterized a novel lepidopteran-selective toxin, Buthus tamulus insect-selective toxin (ButaIT), having 37 amino acids and eight half cysteine residues from the venom of the South Indian red scorpion, Mesobuthus tamulus. The synthetic toxin gene containing the ButaIT sequence in frame to the bombyxin signal sequence was engineered into a polyhedrin positive Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) genome under the control of the p10 promoter. Toxin expression in the haemolymph of infected larvae of Heliothis virescens and also in an insect cell culture system was confirmed by western blot analysis using antibody raised against the GST-ButaIT fusion protein. The recombinant NPV (ButaIT-NPV) showed enhanced insecticidal activity on the larvae of Heliothis virescens as evidenced by a significant reduction in median survival time (ST50) and also a greater reduction in feeding damage as compared to the wild-type AcMNPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wudayagiri Rajendra
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517 502, India.
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Szewczyk B, Hoyos-Carvajal L, Paluszek M, Skrzecz I, Lobo de Souza M. Baculoviruses-- re-emerging biopesticides. Biotechnol Adv 2005; 24:143-60. [PMID: 16257169 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2005.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2005] [Revised: 08/19/2005] [Accepted: 09/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biological control of agricultural pests has gained importance in recent years due to increased pressure to reduce the use of agrochemicals and their residues in the environment and food. Viruses of a few families are known to infect insects but only those belonging to the highly specialized family Baculoviridae have been used as biopesticides. They are safe to people and wildlife, their specificity is very narrow. Their application as bioinsecticides was limited until recently because of their slow killing action and technical difficulties for in vitro commercial production. Two approaches for the wider application of baculoviruses as biopesticides will be implemented in future. In countries where use of genetically modified organisms is restricted, the improvements will be mainly at the level of diagnostics, in vitro production and changes in biopesticide formulations. In the second approach, the killing activity of baculoviruses may be augmented by genetic modifications of the baculovirus genome with genes of another natural pathogen. It is expected that the baculoviruses improved by genetic modifications will be gradually introduced in countries which have fewer concerns towards genetically modified organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boguslaw Szewczyk
- Department of Molecular Virology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822 GDANSK, Poland.
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Honegger HW, Market D, Pierce LA, Dewey EM, Kostron B, Wilson M, Choi D, Klukas KA, Mesce KA. Cellular localization of bursicon using antisera against partial peptide sequences of this insect cuticle-sclerotizing neurohormone. J Comp Neurol 2002; 452:163-77. [PMID: 12271490 DOI: 10.1002/cne.10357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bursicon is the final neurohormone released at the end of the molting cycle. It triggers the sclerotization (tanning) of the insect cuticle. Until now, its existence has been verified only by bioassays. In an attempt to identify this important neurohormone, bursicon was purified from homogenates of 2,850 nerve cords of the cockroach Periplaneta americana by using high performance liquid chromatography technology and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Bursicon bioactivity was found in four distinct protein spots at approximately 30 kDa between pH 5.3 and 5.9. The protein of one of these spots at pH 5.7 was subsequently microsequenced, and five partial amino acid sequences were retrieved. Evidence is presented that two of these sequences are derived from bursicon. Antibodies raised against the two sequences labeled bursicon-containing neurons in the central nervous systems of P. americana. One of these antisera labeled bursicon-containing neurons in the crickets Teleogryllus commodus and Gryllus bimaculatus, and the moth Manduca sexta. A cluster of four bilaterally paired neurons in the brain of Drososphila melanogaster was also labeled. In addition, this antiserum detected three spots corresponding to bursicon in Western blots of two-dimensional gels. The 12-amino acid sequence detected by this antiserum, thus, seems to be conserved even among species that are distantly related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Willi Honegger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Box 1812, Station B, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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Feng Q, Arif BM, Palli SR, Sohi SS, Retnakaran A. Molecular modifications of baculoviruses for the control of forest insect pests. Adv Virus Res 2002; 57:263-90. [PMID: 11680386 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3527(01)57005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q Feng
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada, P6A 2E5
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Inceoglu AB, Kamita SG, Hinton AC, Huang Q, Severson TF, Kang K, Hammock BD. Recombinant baculoviruses for insect control. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2001; 57:981-987. [PMID: 11695193 DOI: 10.1002/ps.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Baculoviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses which are highly selective for several insect groups. They are valuable natural control agents, but their utility in many agricultural applications has been limited by their slow speed of kill and narrow host specificity. Baculoviruses have been genetically modified to express foreign genes under powerful promoters in order to accelerate their speed of kill. In our and other laboratories, the expression of genes coding for insect juvenile hormone esterases and various peptide neurotoxins has resulted in recombinant baculoviruses with promise as biological insecticides. These viruses are efficacious in the laboratory, greenhouse and field and dramatically reduce damage caused by insect feeding. The recombinant viruses synergize and are synergized by classical pesticides such as pyrethroids. Since they are highly selective for pest insects, they can be used without disrupting biological control. Because the recombinant virus produces fewer progeny in infected larvae than the wild-type virus, they are rapidly out-competed in the ecosystem. The viruses can be used effectively with crops expressing endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis. They can be produced industrially but also by village industries, indicating that they have the potential to deliver sustainable pest control in developing countries. It remains to be seen, however, whether the current generation of recombinant baculoviruses will be competitive with the new generation of synthetic chemical pesticides. Current research clearly indicates, though, that the use of biological vectors of genes for insect control will find a place in agriculture. Baculoviruses will also prove valuable in testing the potential utility of proteins and peptides for insect control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Inceoglu
- Department of Entomology and Cancer Research Center, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Hesterlee S, Morton DB. Identification of the cellular target for eclosion hormone in the abdominal transverse nerves of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. J Comp Neurol 2000; 424:339-55. [PMID: 10906707 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9861(20000821)424:2<339::aid-cne11>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The isolated abdominal central nervous system of Manduca sexta undergoes an increase in cyclic GMP (cGMP) when exposed to the insect peptide eclosion hormone (EH) before pupal ecdysis. Previously, cGMP immunocytochemistry revealed that the EH-stimulated increase in cGMP was contained in numerous filamentous processes within the transverse nerve associated with each abdominal ganglion. These processes seemed to be the axons of neurosecretory cells projecting to this neurohemal organ. In the present paper, we now show that the EH-stimulated cGMP is not present in neurosecretory terminals. There is no colocalization of the EH-stimulated cGMP with immunoreactivity of two peptides, known to be present in axons in the transverse nerves. Furthermore, there is no colocalization of EH-stimulated cGMP with the synaptic vesicle protein, synaptotagmin. The neurosecretory axons are localized to a narrow band at the anterior margin of the transverse nerve, whereas the cellular elements showing an EH-stimulated cGMP increase are primarily present in the posterior region. There are two cell types in this region: a granular and a nongranular type. The cGMP immunoreactivity seems to be contained within the nongranular type. During adult development, the cells of the posterior compartment spread in a thin layer between the transverse and dorsal nerves, become positive for myosin immunoreactivity between pupal stages 5 and 8, and seem to form the adult ventral diaphragm muscles. We conclude that the EH-sensitive filaments in the transverse nerves of Manduca are most likely to be intrinsic cells that subsequently develop into the ventral diaphragm muscles of the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hesterlee
- Arizona Research Labs Division of Neurobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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Gade G. The Explosion of Structural Information on Insect Neuropeptides. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE / PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6529-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Girardie J, Chaabihi H, Fournier B, Lagueux M, Girardie A. Expression of neuroparsin cDNA in insect cells using baculovirus vectors. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 36:11-23. [PMID: 9243790 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(1997)36:1<11::aid-arch2>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The cDNA encoding neuroparsin A, a polytropic neurohormone of the locust, Locusta migratoria, was inserted into the genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus such that transcription was under control of the p10 promoter. A polypeptide having the same charge and the same apparent molecular weight as the authentic neuroparsin A and that was reactive against neuroparsin immune serum was produced in recombinant virus-infected lepidopteran cell lines but not in control virus-infected cells. The baculovirus-expressed polypeptide was purified by two steps of liquid chromatography (anion exchange and reversed phase) which were previously used to purify the natural neuroparsin. The purified baculovirus-expressed polypeptide enhanced fluid reabsorption of everted rectum preparations, as did the natural neuroparsin. Thus, this gene expression system produced a polypeptide identical to authentic neuroparsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Girardie
- Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie, URA CNRS 1138, Université Bordeaux I, Talence, France.
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14
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Use of viral insecticides for pest control and production in cell culture. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02787821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Morton DB. Neuropeptide-stimulated cyclic guanosine monophosphate immunoreactivity in the neurosecretory terminals of a neurohemal organ. JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY 1996; 29:341-53. [PMID: 8907163 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4695(199603)29:3<341::aid-neu6>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide eclosion hormone acts on the nervous system of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, to increase cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels. In this study I describe the localization of some of the sites where these increases occur. Prior to pupal ecdysis, eclosion hormone stimulates an increase in cGMP in a network of fibers in the transverse nerve of each abdominal ganglion. Double-label experiments with propidium iodide suggest that the cGMP immunoreactivity is primarily localized in neurosecretory nerve endings. The time course of the increase in cGMP immunoreactivity and its requirement for lipid metabolism is similar to that of the cGMP increase measured by radioimmunoassay. The cGMP response in the transverse nerve is stage-specific, occurring prior to pupal ecdysis and not prior to larval or adult ecdysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Morton
- Arizona Research Labs Division of Neurobiology and Department of Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA
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Vakharia VN, Raina AK, Kingan TG, Kempe TG. Synthetic pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide gene expressed in a baculovirus expression system. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1995; 25:583-589. [PMID: 7787841 DOI: 10.1016/0965-1748(94)00097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic gene of the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) of corn earworm Helicoverpa zea, with and without a signal sequence of the cuticle protein of Drosophila melanogaster, was cloned behind the polyhedrin promoter of AcMNPV. Two recombinant baculoviruses were constructed and used to infect a number of insect cell lines including Sf9 and 5B1-4. High pheromonotropic activity was consistently obtained from 5B1-4 cell culture that was infected with the recombinant baculovirus vINV-4 containing the signal sequence. The PBAN gene-product was isolated by HPLC and analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Low levels of biological activity obtained from Sf9 cells infected with the recombinant virus vPBAN may be due to lack of proper amidation at the C-terminus of the expressed peptide or rapid proteolytic degradation of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Vakharia
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology of Maryland Biotechnology Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA
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Horodyski FM, Ewer J, Riddiford LM, Truman JW. Isolation, characterization and expression of the eclosion hormone gene of Drosophila melanogaster. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 215:221-8. [PMID: 8344291 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Eclosion hormone (EH) is a neuropeptide that triggers the performance of ecdysis behaviors at the end of a molt. We have isolated the EH gene from Drosophila melanogaster, and localized the gene to the right arm of chromosome 3 at band position 90B1-2. The 97-amino-acid translation product contains a signal peptide followed by a 73-amino-acid prohormone. The N-terminus of the prohormone has diverged from lepidopteran EH both in its length and amino acid composition, and contains a potential endoproteolytic cleavage site. The deduced sequence of Drosophila EH is 58% identical (36 of 62 amino acids) to that of Manduca EH. The EH gene is expressed as a 0.8-kb transcript in a single pair of brain neurons which extend their processes the entire length of the central nervous system and also to the corpora cardiaca portion of the ring gland. These cells show massive depletion of immunoreactive EH at ecdysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Horodyski
- Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle
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18
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Eldridge R, Li Y, Miller LK. Characterization of a baculovirus gene encoding a small conotoxinlike polypeptide. J Virol 1992; 66:6563-71. [PMID: 1404603 PMCID: PMC240151 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.66.11.6563-6571.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified a gene of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) that encodes a small cysteine-rich polypeptide which has size and sequence similarity to omega-conotoxins, a class of calcium ion (Ca2+) channel inhibitors, found in the venom of cone snails. Transcriptional analysis indicated that the 159-bp open reading frame, which we named ctl, and a downstream 984-bp open reading frame are transcribed as a single 1.3-kb bicistronic late RNA. The mature ctl gene product was identified as a small secreted protein by high-pressure liquid chromatography fractionation of extracellular fluid. Viruses with a site-specific deletion in ctl appeared normal with regard to the kinetics and virulence of infection, both in vitro and in vivo. Although we studied the behavior of wild-type and mutant virus-infected insects in some detail, a biological role for ctl in AcMNPV infection remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Eldridge
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602
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Morton DB, Giunta MA. Eclosion Hormone Stimulates Cyclic GMP Levels in Manduca sexta Nervous Tissue via Arachidonic Acid Metabolism with Little or No Contribution from the Production of Nitric Oxide. J Neurochem 1992; 59:1522-30. [PMID: 1357096 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide eclosion hormone acts directly on the nervous system of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, to trigger ecdysis behavior at the end of each molt. Previous studies have shown that the action of eclosion hormone is mediated via the intracellular messenger cyclic GMP. In the present study we have investigated the mechanisms involved in the eclosion hormone-stimulated increases in cyclic GMP. No stimulation of guanylate cyclase was seen in homogenized nervous tissue, suggesting that eclosion hormone does not directly stimulate a membrane-bound form of guanylate cyclase. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, N-methylarginine and nitroarginine, had no effect on eclosion hormone-stimulated cyclic GMP levels. By contrast, 4-bromophenacyl bromide, an inhibitor of arachidonic acid release, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid, an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism, almost completely abolished the eclosion hormone-stimulated cyclic GMP increase. We hypothesize that eclosion hormone receptors are coupled to a lipase, activation of which causes the release of arachidonic acid. Either the arachidonic acid directly stimulates the soluble guanylate cyclase or further metabolism of arachidonic acid yields compounds that activate guanylate cyclase.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Morton
- Arizona Research Laboratories, Division of Neurobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Truman
- Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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O'Reilly DR, Miller LK. Improvement of a Baculovirus Pesticide by Deletion of the EGT Gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt1191-1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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