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Picavet PP, Claeys S, Rondia E, Balligand M. Compressive mechanical properties of dry antler cortical bone cylinders from different cervidae species. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 152:106442. [PMID: 38330876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Antlers are bony structures composed predominantly of primary osteons with unique mechanical properties due to their specific use by deer as weapon and shield. Antler bone fracture resistance has attracted prior scrutiny through experimental tests and theoretical models. To characterize antler mechanical properties, compression of cubes, or bending or tensioning of rectangular bars have been performed in the literature with variations in the protocols precluding comparisons of the data. Compression testing is a widely used experimental technique for determining the mechanical properties of specimens excised from cortical or cancellous regions of bone. However, the recommended geometry for compression tests is the cylinder, being more representative of the real performances of the material. The purpose of research was to report data for compressive strength and stiffness of antler cortical bone following current guidelines. Cylinders (n = 296) of dry antler cortical bone from either the main beam or the tines of Cervus elaphus, Rangifer tarandus, Cervus nippon and Damadama were tested. This study highlights the fact that compression of antler cortical bone cylinders following current guidelines is feasible but not applicable in all species. Standardization of the testing protocols could help to compare data from the literature. This study also confirms that sample localization has no effect on the mechanical properties, that sample density has a significant impact and allows enriching the knowledge of the mechanical properties of dry antler cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre P Picavet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States.
| | - Stéphanie Claeys
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | - Etienne Rondia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Balligand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium
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2
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Roldán E, Reeves ND, Cooper G, Andrews K. Can we achieve biomimetic electrospun scaffolds with gelatin alone? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1160760. [PMID: 37502104 PMCID: PMC10368888 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1160760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Gelatin is a natural polymer commonly used in biomedical applications in combination with other materials due to its high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and similarity to collagen, principal protein of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of gelatin as the sole material to manufacture tissue engineering scaffolds by electrospinning. Methods: Gelatin was electrospun in nine different concentrations onto a rotating collector and the resulting scaffold's mechanical properties, morphology and topography were assessed using mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy and white light interferometry, respectively. After characterizing the scaffolds, the effects of the concentration of the solvents and crosslinking agent were statistically evaluated with multivariate analysis of variance and linear regressions. Results: Fiber diameter and inter-fiber separation increased significantly when the concentration of the solvents, acetic acid (HAc) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), increased. The roughness of the scaffolds decreased as the concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide increased. The mechanical properties were significantly affected by the DMSO concentration. Immersed crosslinked scaffolds did not degrade until day 28. The manufactured gelatin-based electrospun scaffolds presented comparable mechanical properties to many human tissues such as trabecular bone, gingiva, nasal periosteum, oesophagus and liver tissue. Discussion: This study revealed for the first time that biomimetic electrospun scaffolds with gelatin alone can be produced for a significant number of human tissues by appropriately setting up the levels of factors and their interactions. These findings also extend statistical relationships to a form that would be an excellent starting point for future research that could optimize factors and interactions using both traditional statistics and machine learning techniques to further develop specific human tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Roldán
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Neil D. Reeves
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Glen Cooper
- School of Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kirstie Andrews
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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3
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Johanes M, Gupta M. An Investigation into the Potential of Turning Induced Deformation Technique for Developing Porous Magnesium and Mg-SiO 2 Nanocomposite. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2463. [PMID: 36984345 PMCID: PMC10051495 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A new and novel method of synthesising porous Mg materials has been explored utilising a variant of a processing method previously used for the synthesis of dense Mg materials, namely the turning-induced deformation (TID) method combined with sintering. It was found that the Mg materials synthesised possessed comparable properties to previously-synthesised porous Mg materials in the literature while subsequent sintering resulted in a more consistent mechanical response, with microwave sintering showing the most promise. The materials were also found to possess mechanical response within the range of the human cancellous bone, and when reinforced with biocompatible silica nanoparticles, presented the most optimal combination of mechanical properties for potential use as biodegradable implants due to most similarity with cancellous bone properties.
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4
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Biomechanical properties and clinical significance of cancellous bone in proximal femur: A review. Injury 2023:S0020-1383(23)00251-6. [PMID: 36922271 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Trabecular bone plays an important role in the load-bearing capacity of the femur. Understanding the structural characteristics, biomechanics, and mechanical conduction of the trabecular bone is of great value in studying the mechanism of fractures and formulating surgical plans. The past decade has witnessed unprecedented progress in imaging, biomechanics and finite element analysis techniques, translating into a better understanding of trabecular bone. This article reviews the research progress achieved over the years regarding femoral trabecular bone, especially on factors influencing the strength of the proximal femoral cancellous bone and cancellous bone microfractures and provides a comprehensive overview of the latest findings on proximal femoral trabecular bone and their clinical significance.
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Chen C, Huang Y, Chen P, Hsu Y, Jaw F, Ho M. Modification of gelatin and photocured
3D
‐printed resin to prepare biomimetic phantoms for ultrasound‐guided minimally invasive surgeries. POLYM ENG SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chien‐Hua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Fan Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Po‐Hao Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Tung Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Fu‐Shan Jaw
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Hua Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei City Taiwan
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
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Nik Md Noordin Kahar NNF, Ahmad N, Mariatti M, Yahaya BH, Sulaiman AR, Abdul Hamid ZA. A review on bioceramics scaffolds for bone defect in different types of animal models: HA and β -TCP. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2022; 8. [PMID: 35921834 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac867f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased life expectancy has led to an increase in the use of bone substitutes in numerous nations, with over two million bone-grafting surgeries performed worldwide each year. A bone defect can be caused by trauma, infections, and tissue resections which can self-heal due to the osteoconductive nature of the native extracellular matrix components. However, natural self-healing is time-consuming, and new bone regeneration is slow, especially for large bone defects. It also remains a clinical challenge for surgeons to have a suitable bone substitute. To date, there are numerous potential treatments for bone grafting, including gold-standard autografts, allograft implantation, xenografts, or bone graft substitutes. Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) are the most extensively used and studied bone substitutes due to their similar chemical composition to bone. The scaffolds should be testedin vivoandin vitrousing suitable animal models to ensure that the biomaterials work effectively as implants. Hence, this article aims to familiarize readers with the most frequently used animal models for biomaterials testing and highlight the available literature for in vivo studies using small and large animal models. This review summarizes the bio ceramic materials, particularly HA and β-TCP scaffolds, for bone defects in small and large animal models. Besides, the design considerations for the pre-clinical animal model selection for bone defect implants are emphasized and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Nur Farisha Nik Md Noordin Kahar
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia - Kampus Kejuruteraan Seri Ampangan, Transkrian, Nibong Tebal, Seberang Perai Selatan, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, 14300, MALAYSIA
| | - Nurazreena Ahmad
- Biomaterials Niche Group, School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia - Kampus Kejuruteraan Seri Ampangan, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300 Penang, Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, 14300, MALAYSIA
| | - M Mariatti
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia - Kampus Kejuruteraan Seri Ampangan, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 NibongTebal,, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, 14300, MALAYSIA
| | - Badrul Hisham Yahaya
- Cluster of Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia Institut Perubatan dan Pengigian Termaju, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, 13200, MALAYSIA
| | - Abdul Razak Sulaiman
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia - Kampus Kesihatan, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, MALAYSIA, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, MALAYSIA
| | - Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid
- School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malayisa, Universiti Sains Malaysia - Engineering Campus Seri Ampangan, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal, 14300, MALAYSIA
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7
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Lavagnini IR, Campos JV, Osiro D, Ferreira JA, Colnago LA, Pallone EMJA. Influence of alumina substrates open porosity on calcium phosphates formation produced by the biomimetic method. Prog Biomater 2022; 11:263-271. [PMID: 35739413 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-022-00193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the influence of the open porosity of alumina (Al2O3) substrates on the phase formation of calcium phosphates deposited onto it surface. The Al2O3 substrates were prepared with different porosities by the foam-gelcasting method associated with different amounts of polyethylene beads. The substrates were coated biomimetically for 14 and 21 days of incubation in a simulated body fluid (SBF). Scanning electron microscopy characterisation and X-ray computed microtomography showed that the increase in the number of beads provided an increase in the open porosity. The X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy showed that the biomimetic method was able to form different phases of calcium phosphates. It was observed that the increase in the porosity favoured the formation of β-tricalcium phosphate for both incubation periods. The incubation period and the porosity of the substrates can influence the phases and the amount of calcium phosphates formed. Thus, it is possible to target the best application for the biomaterial produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela R Lavagnini
- Postgraduate Programme in Materials Science and Engineering, University of São Paulo, USP/FZEA, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil.
| | - João V Campos
- Postgraduate Programme in Materials Science and Engineering, University of São Paulo, USP/FZEA, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Denise Osiro
- Postgraduate Programme in Materials Science and Engineering, University of São Paulo, USP/FZEA, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Julieta A Ferreira
- Postgraduate Programme in Materials Science and Engineering, University of São Paulo, USP/FZEA, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Colnago
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, EMBRAPA Instrumentation, Rua Quinze de novembro, 1500/1501, São Carlos, SP, 13561-206, Brazil
| | - Eliria M J A Pallone
- Postgraduate Programme in Materials Science and Engineering, University of São Paulo, USP/FZEA, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil.,Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
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8
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A bioactive porous scaffold containing collagen/ phosphorous-modified polycaprolactone for osteogenesis of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Then C, Nelson K, Vogl T, Roth K. Computational ballistic analysis of the cranial shot to John F. Kennedy. Forensic Sci Int 2022; 334:111264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Liang H, Wang Y, Chen S, Liu Y, Liu Z, Bai J. Nano-Hydroxyapatite Bone Scaffolds with Different Porous Structures Processed by Digital Light Processing 3D Printing. Int J Bioprint 2022; 8:502. [PMID: 35187284 PMCID: PMC8852260 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v8i1.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphologies and structures of the scaffold have a significant influence on their mechanical and biological properties. In this work, different types of porous structures: Triply periodic minimal surface-Schwarz primitive (P), body-centered cubic, and cubic pore-shaped (CPS) hydroxyapatite scaffolds with ~70% porosity were fabricated through digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology. The compressive properties and in vitro cell evaluations such as cell proliferation and attachment morphology of these scaffolds were systematically compared. The results showed that the CPS scaffolds exhibited the highest compressive strength (~22.5 MPa) and modulus (~400 MPa). In addition, the CPS scaffolds also performed the most active cell metabolisms as compared to other two structures, which may account for the larger pore size and smaller curvature of the substrate. This study provides a general guidance for the fabrication and selection of porous bone scaffolds processed by DLP 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Liang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Additive Manufacturing of High-performance Materials, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Additive Manufacturing of High-performance Materials, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shangsi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengbai Liu
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaming Bai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Additive Manufacturing of High-performance Materials, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Ingle DN, Porter ME. Vertebral trabecular bone mechanical properties vary among functional groups of cetaceans. Integr Org Biol 2022; 4:obab036. [PMID: 35155991 PMCID: PMC8832228 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their appearance in the fossil record 34 million years ago, modern cetaceans (dolphins, whales, and porpoises) have radiated into diverse habitats circumglobally, developing vast phenotypic variations among species. Traits such as skeletal morphology and ecologically linked behaviors denote swimming activity; trade-offs in flexibility and rigidity along the vertebral column determine patterns of caudal oscillation. Here, we categorized 10 species of cetaceans (families Delphinidae and Kogiidae; N = 21 animals) into functional groups based on vertebral centra morphology, swimming speeds, diving behavior, and inferred swimming patterns. We quantified trabecular bone mechanical properties (yield strength, apparent stiffness, and resilience) among functional groups and regions of the vertebral column (thoracic, lumbar, and caudal). We extracted 6 mm3 samples from vertebral bodies and tested them in compression in 3 orientations (rostrocaudal, dorsoventral, and mediolateral) at 2 mm min−1. Overall, bone from the pre-fluke/fluke boundary had the greatest yield strength and resilience, indicating that the greatest forces are translated to the tail during caudal oscillatory swimming. Group 1, composed of 5 shallow-diving delphinid species, had the greatest vertebral trabecular bone yield strength, apparent stiffness, and resilience of all functional groups. Conversely, Group 3, composed of 2 deep-diving kogiid species, had the least strong, stiff, and resilient bone, while Group 2 (3 deep-diving delphinid species) exhibited intermediate values. These data suggest that species that incorporate prolonged glides during deep descents in the water column actively swim less, and place relatively smaller loads on their vertebral columns, compared with species that execute shallower dives. We found that cetacean vertebral trabecular bone properties differed from the properties of terrestrial mammals; for every given bone strength, cetacean bone was less stiff by comparison. This relative lack of material rigidity within vertebral bone may be attributed to the non-weight-bearing locomotor modes of fully aquatic mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Ingle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77554
| | - M E Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431
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Zack EH, Smith SM, Angielczyk KD. Effect of captivity on the vertebral bone microstructure of xenarthran mammals. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:1611-1628. [PMID: 34677912 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Captive specimens in museum collections facilitate study of rare taxa, but the lifestyles, diets, and lifespans of captive animals differ from their wild counterparts. Trabecular bone architecture adapts to in vivo forces, and may reflect interspecific variation in ecology and behavior as well as intraspecific variation between captive and wild specimens. We compared trunk vertebrae bone microstructure in captive and wild xenarthran mammals to test the effects of ecology and captivity. We collected μCT scans of the last six presacral vertebrae in 13 fossorial, terrestrial, and suspensorial xenarthran species (body mass: 120 g to 35 kg). For each vertebra, we measured centrum length; bone volume fraction (BV.TV); trabecular number and mean thickness (Tb.Th); global compactness (GC); cross-sectional area; mean intercept length; star length distribution; and connectivity and connectivity density. Wild specimens have more robust trabeculae, but this varies with species, ecology, and pathology. Wild specimens of fossorial taxa (Dasypus) have more robust trabeculae than captives, but there is no clear difference in bone microstructure between wild and captive specimens of suspensorial taxa (Bradypus, Choloepus), suggesting that locomotor ecology influences the degree to which captivity affects bone microstructure. Captive Tamandua and Myrmecophaga have higher BV.TV, Tb.Th, and GC than their wild counterparts due to captivity-caused bone pathologies. Our results add to the understanding of variation in mammalian bone microstructure, suggest caution when including captive specimens in bone microstructure research, and indicate the need to better replicate the habitats, diets, and behavior of animals in captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellianna H Zack
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephanie M Smith
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kenneth D Angielczyk
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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13
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Personalized Baghdadite scaffolds: stereolithography, mechanics and in vivo testing. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:217-226. [PMID: 33711527 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An ongoing challenge in the field of orthopedics is to produce a clinically relevant synthetic ceramic scaffold for the treatment of 'critical-sized' bone defects, which cannot heal without intervention. We had developed a bioactive ceramic (baghdadite, Ca₃ZrSi₂O₉) and demonstrated its outstanding bioactivity using traditional manufacturing techniques. Here, we report on the development of a versatile stereolithography printing technology that enabled fabrication of anatomically-shaped and -sized Baghdadite scaffolds. We assessed the in vivo bioactivity of these scaffolds in co-delivering of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) and zoledronic acid (ZA) through bioresorbable coatings to induce bone formation and increase retention in a rat model of heterotopic ossification. Micro-computed tomography, histology, mechanical tests pre- and post-implantation, and mechanical modelling were used to assess bone ingrowth and its effects on the mechanics of the scaffolds. Bone ingrowth and the consequent mechanical properties of the scaffolds improved with increasing BMP2 dose. Co-delivery of ZA with BMP2 further improved this outcome. The significant bone formation within the scaffolds functionalized with 10 µg BMP2 and 2 µg ZA made them 2.3 × stiffer and 2.7 × stronger post-implantation and turned these inherently brittle scaffolds into a tough and deformable material. The effects of bone ingrowth on the mechanical properties of scaffolds were captured in a mechanical model that can be used in future clinical studies for non-destructive evaluation of scaffold's stiffness and strength as new bone forms. These results support the practical utilization of our versatile stereolithographic printing methods and BMP2/ZA functionalization to create fit-for-purpose personalized implants for clinical trials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we addressed a long-standing challenge of developing a ceramic printing technology that enables fabrication of customizable anatomically-shaped and -sized bioceramic scaffolds with precise internal architectures using an inexpensive desktop printer. We also addressed another challenge related to delivery of pharmaceuticals. BMP2, currently available as a bone-inducing bioactive protein, is clinically administered in a collagen scaffold that has limited moldability and poor mechanical properties. The comparably stiffer and stronger 3D printed personalized Baghdadite scaffolds developed here can be readily functionalized with bioresorbable coatings containing BMP2 ± ZA. These innovations considerably improve on the prior art and are scalable for use in human surgery.
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14
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Jiang C, Wang K, Liu Y, Zhang C, Wang B. Application of textile technology in tissue engineering: A review. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:60-76. [PMID: 33962070 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One of the key elements in tissue engineering is to design and fabricate scaffolds with tissue-like properties. Among various scaffold fabrication methods, textile technology has shown its unique advantages in mimicking human tissues' properties such as hierarchical, anisotropic, and strain-stiffening properties. As essential components in textile technology, textile patterns affect the porosity, architecture, and mechanical properties of textile-based scaffolds. However, the potential of various textile patterns has not been fully explored when fabricating textile-based scaffolds, and the effect of different textile patterns on scaffold properties has not been thoroughly investigated. This review summarizes textile technology development and highlights its application in tissue engineering to facilitate the broader application of textile technology, especially various textile patterns in tissue engineering. The potential of using different textile methods such as weaving, knitting, and braiding to mimic properties of human tissues is discussed, and the effect of process parameters in these methods on fabric properties is summarized. Finally, perspectives on future directions for explorations are presented. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Recently, biomedical engineers have applied textile technology to fabricate scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Various textile methods, especially weaving, knitting, and braiding, enables engineers to customize the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of scaffolds. However, most textile-based scaffolds only use simple textile patterns, and the effect of different textile patterns on scaffold properties has not been thoroughly investigated. In this review, we cover for the first time the effect of process parameters in different textile methods on fabric properties, exploring the potential of using different textile methods to mimic properties of human tissues. Previous advances in textile technology are presented, and future directions for explorations are presented, hoping to facilitate new breakthroughs of textile-based tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Kan Wang
- Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States.
| | - Yi Liu
- Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, United States
| | - Chuck Zhang
- Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and System Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Ben Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and System Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
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15
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Wu S, Todo M, Umebayashi D, Yamamoto Y. Risk assessment of vertebral compressive fracture using bone mass index and strength predicted by computed tomography image based finite element analysis. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 85:105365. [PMID: 33964689 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A main purpose of osteoporosis diagnosis is to evaluate the bone fracture risk. Some bone mass indices evaluated using bone mineral density has been utilized clinically to assess the degree of osteoporosis. On the other hand, Computed tomography image based finite element analysis has been developed to evaluate bone strength of vertebral bodies. The strength of a vertebra is defined as the load at the onset of compressive fracture. The objective of this study was therefore to propose a new feasible method to combine the advantages of the two osteoporotic indices such as the bone mass index and the bone strength. METHODS Three-dimensional finite element models of 246 vertebral bodies from 88 patients were constructed using the computed tomography images. Finite element analysis was then conducted to evaluate their strength values. The Pearson's correlation analysis was also conducted between the vertebral strength and bone mass indices. FINDINGS It was found that relatively weak positive correlations existed between the strength and the bone mass indices. A new assessment method was then proposed by combining the strength and the bone mass index. "high risk zone" corresponding to low strength with normal bone mass was found from the assessment method. INTERPRETATION Singe bone mass index cannot predict the fracture risk with high standard. The results of fracture risk assessment conducted by the new method clearly indicated the necessity and effectiveness to take both the strength and the bone mass index into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wu
- Department of Molecular and Material Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Todo
- Department of Molecular and Material Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan; Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Umebayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yu Yamamoto
- Inazawa Municipal Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Inazawa, Aichi 492-8510, Japan
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Finite Element Investigation of Fracture Risk Under Postero-Anterior Mobilization on a Lumbar Bone in Elderly With and Without Osteoporosis. J Med Biol Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-021-00607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Pezzali JG, Machado GS, Marx FR, Eugênio DA, Schroeder B, Pignone VN, Trevizan L. Effects of autoclaving on compressive strength of bovine bones and their use as chewing agents for dogs. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab068. [PMID: 34189414 PMCID: PMC8223599 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of autoclave processing on compressive stress of spongy and cortical bones, and the effect of autoclaved bones as chewing agents to reduce dental calculus in adult dogs. Spongy and cortical bones were autoclaved (1 ATM, 30 min, and 120°C) and compressive strength was evaluated in autoclaved and raw bone specimens. Autoclaved bones were offered to ten Beagle dogs divided into two groups of 5 dogs each: Group 1 – received a portion of the autoclaved bovine cortical bone (ACB) and Group 2 – received a portion of the autoclaved bovine spongy bone (ASB). Prior to the experimental period (1-d) and every two days thereafter, oral photographs were taken on both sides of the dental arch to evaluate dental calculus reduction over time. The vestibular surface of the canines, premolars, and molars teeth was evaluated using integration software to measure the proportion between the area covered by calculus and the total teeth area. The effect of bone type, treatment (raw vs. autoclaved), and their interaction were evaluated using the PROC GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (version 9.4). Linear equations were generated to estimate calculus reduction over time for ACB and ASB. Compressive strength was higher (P < 0.05) in cortical bones compared to spongy bones. However, the autoclaving procedure did not affect (P > 0.05) compressive strength, regardless of the bone type. The teeth area covered by calculus of dogs that were offered ACB reduced from 41% to 32% in 5 days, and at the end of 15 days a reduction of 62.2% was observed, resulting in a remaining of 15.5% of teeth area covered by calculus. In this group, the dental calculus area reduced by 57.7% after 5 days, and at the end of the trial, only 5.4% of teeth were still covered by calculus, which represents a reduction of 81%. The linear regression analysis revealed no significant difference between the slopes for the ACB and ASB equations (P > 0.05). No health complications such as tooth fracture, intestinal obstructions, and oral lesions were observed throughout the study. Our results demonstrated that the autoclave processing did not impair compressive strength of spongy and cortical bones. This corroborates with the results observed in vivo, which suggests that autoclaved bones are chewing agents for adult dogs with additional benefits of lower risk of bacterial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Pezzali
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - G S Machado
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - F R Marx
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - D A Eugênio
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - B Schroeder
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - V N Pignone
- All Pet Odonto, Rua Fernandes Vieira 181, ap 902, 90035-091, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - L Trevizan
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
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18
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Hong JK, Cooke SL, Whittington AR, Roman M. Bioactive Cellulose Nanocrystal-Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Nanocomposites for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:605924. [PMID: 33718336 PMCID: PMC7947866 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.605924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
3D-printed bone scaffolds hold great promise for the individualized treatment of critical-size bone defects. Among the resorbable polymers available for use as 3D-printable scaffold materials, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) has many benefits. However, its relatively low stiffness and lack of bioactivity limit its use in load-bearing bone scaffolds. This study tests the hypothesis that surface-oxidized cellulose nanocrystals (SO-CNCs), decorated with carboxyl groups, can act as multi-functional scaffold additives that (1) improve the mechanical properties of PCL and (2) induce biomineral formation upon PCL resorption. To this end, an in vitro biomineralization study was performed to assess the ability of SO-CNCs to induce the formation of calcium phosphate minerals. In addition, PCL nanocomposites containing different amounts of SO-CNCs (1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 wt%) were prepared using melt compounding extrusion and characterized in terms of Young's modulus, ultimate tensile strength, crystallinity, thermal transitions, and water contact angle. Neither sulfuric acid-hydrolyzed CNCs (SH-CNCs) nor SO-CNCs were toxic to MC3T3 preosteoblasts during a 24 h exposure at concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 3.0 mg/mL. SO-CNCs were more effective at inducing mineral formation than SH-CNCs in simulated body fluid (1x). An SO-CNC content of 10 wt% in the PCL matrix caused a more than 2-fold increase in Young's modulus (stiffness) and a more than 60% increase in ultimate tensile strength. The matrix glass transition and melting temperatures were not affected by the SO-CNCs but the crystallization temperature increased by about 5.5°C upon addition of 10 wt% SO-CNCs, the matrix crystallinity decreased from about 43 to about 40%, and the water contact angle decreased from 87 to 82.6°. The abilities of SO-CNCs to induce calcium phosphate mineral formation and increase the Young's modulus of PCL render them attractive for applications as multi-functional nanoscale additives in PCL-based bone scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ki Hong
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Shelley L Cooke
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Abby R Whittington
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Maren Roman
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Image-based finite element analysis (FEA) to predict and understand the biomechanical response has become an essential methodology in musculoskeletal research. An important part of such simulation models is the constitutive material model of which recent advances are summarized in this review. RECENT FINDINGS The review shows that existing models from other fields were introduced, such as cohesion zone (cortical bone) or phase-field models (trabecular bone). Some progress has been made in describing cortical bone involving physical mechanisms such as microcracks. Problems with validations at different length scales remain a problem. The improvement of recent constitutive models is partially obscured by uncertainties that affect overall predictions, such as image quality and calibration or boundary conditions. Nevertheless, in vivo CT-based FEA simulations based on a sophisticated constitutive behavior are a very valuable tool for clinical-related osteoporosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter H Pahr
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU-Wien, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Anatomy und Biomechanics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria.
| | - Andreas G Reisinger
- Department of Anatomy und Biomechanics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
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20
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Jäger A, Donato RK, Perchacz M, Donato KZ, Starý Z, Konefał R, Serkis-Rodzeń M, Raucci MG, Fuentefria AM, Jäger E. Human metabolite-derived alkylsuccinate/dilinoleate copolymers: from synthesis to application. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:9980-9996. [PMID: 33073835 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02068k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The advances in polymer chemistry have allowed the preparation of biomedical polymers using human metabolites as monomers that can hold unique properties beyond the required biodegradability and biocompatibility. Herein, we demonstrate the use of endogenous human metabolites (succinic and dilinoleic acids) as monomeric building blocks to develop a new series of renewable resource-based biodegradable and biocompatible copolyesters. The novel copolyesters were characterized in detail employing several standard techniques, namely 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy and SEC, followed by an in-depth thermomechanical and surface characterization of their resulting thin films (DSC, TGA, DMTA, tensile tests, AFM, and contact angle measurements). Also, their anti-fungal biofilm properties were assessed via an anti-fungal biofilm assay and the biological properties were evaluated in vitro using relevant human-derived cells (human mesenchymal stem cells and normal human dermal fibroblasts). These novel highly biocompatible polymers are simple and cheap to prepare, and their synthesis can be easily scaled-up. They presented good mechanical, thermal and anti-fungal biofilm properties while also promoting cell attachment and proliferation, outperforming well-known polymers used for biomedical applications (e.g. PVC, PLGA, and PCL). Moreover, they induced morphological changes in the cells, which were dependent on the structural characteristics of the polymers. In addition, the obtained physicochemical and biological properties can be design-tuned by the synthesis of homo- and -copolymers through the selection of the diol moiety (ES, PS, or BS) and by the addition of a co-monomer, DLA. Consequently, the copolyesters presented herein have high application potential as renewable and cost-effective biopolymers for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Jäger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Ricardo K Donato
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Magdalena Perchacz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic. and Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Z Donato
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Starý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Rafał Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Magdalena Serkis-Rodzeń
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Maria G Raucci
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, Mostrad'Oltremare Pad.20, Viale Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Alexandre M Fuentefria
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Department of Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eliézer Jäger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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21
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Zhou X, Zhou G, Junka R, Chang N, Anwar A, Wang H, Yu X. Fabrication of polylactic acid (PLA)-based porous scaffold through the combination of traditional bio-fabrication and 3D printing technology for bone regeneration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111420. [PMID: 33113493 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Artificial bone grafts possess the advantages of good biodegradability, customizable dimensions, and sufficient mechanical properties, which can promote cell proliferation and differentiation in bone tissue regeneration. 3D printing is a delicate approach that endows the scaffolds with excellent controllability and repeatability when compared with conventional bio-fabrication methods. However, the limitation of printing resolution somehow makes it difficult to prepare bone defect substitution with high porosity and hierarchical construct. In this study, we utilized polylactic acid (PLA) as printing materials and developed a smart strategy to combine 3D printing technology with bio-fabrication methods. A porous planar scaffold was printed and then rolled up into a spiral structure with adjustable pore size and porosity. The topographic features and morphology of the artificial scaffolds were examined through stereomicroscope and SEM, respectively. The porous spiral scaffold presented good mechanical properties in a set of mechanical testing. Later, the human fetal osteoblasts (hFOB) were cultured on the porous spiral scaffold and its control groups for a total of 28 days. The MTS analysis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, and alizarin red S (ARS) staining were used to analyze the cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and mineral deposition after a certain period of time. The results indicated that compared with the other two scaffolds, the porous spiral scaffold with larger surface area and better interconnections between internal porous networks could significantly improve the spatial cell compartment and promote cell growth and differentiation. The porous spiral scaffold may see versatile applications in large-volume bone defects regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, United States; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, United States
| | - Gan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, United States
| | - Radoslaw Junka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, United States
| | - Ningxiao Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, United States
| | - Aneela Anwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, United States; Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, University of Engineering and Technology, New Campus, GT Road, Lahore, 39020, Pakistan
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, United States; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, United States
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, United States.
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22
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Golafshan N, Vorndran E, Zaharievski S, Brommer H, Kadumudi FB, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Gbureck U, van Weeren R, Castilho M, Malda J. Tough magnesium phosphate-based 3D-printed implants induce bone regeneration in an equine defect model. Biomaterials 2020; 261:120302. [PMID: 32932172 PMCID: PMC7116184 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the important challenges in bone tissue engineering is the development of biodegradable bone substitutes with appropriate mechanical and biological properties for the treatment of larger defects and those with complex shapes. Recently, magnesium phosphate (MgP) doped with biologically active ions like strontium (Sr2+) have shown to significantly enhance bone formation when compared with the standard calcium phosphate-based ceramics. However, such materials can hardly be shaped into large and complex geometries and more importantly lack the adequate mechanical properties for the treatment of load-bearing bone defects. In this study, we have fabricated bone implants through extrusion assisted three-dimensional (3D) printing of MgP ceramics modified with Sr2+ ions (MgPSr) and a medical-grade polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer phase. MgPSr with 30 wt% PCL (MgPSr-PCL30) allowed the printability of relevant size structures (>780 mm3) at room temperature with an interconnected macroporosity of approximately 40%. The printing resulted in implants with a compressive strength of 4.3 MPa, which were able to support up to 50 cycles of loading without plastic deformation. Notably, MgPSr-PCL30 scaffolds were able to promote in vitro bone formation in medium without the supplementation with osteo-inducing components. In addition, long-term in vivo performance of the 3D printed scaffolds was investigated in an equine tuber coxae model over 6 months. The micro-CT and histological analysis showed that implantation of MgPSr-PCL30 induced bone regeneration, while no bone formation was observed in the empty defects. Overall, the novel polymer-modified MgP ceramic material and extrusion-based 3D printing process presented here greatly improved the shape ability and load-bearing properties of MgP-based ceramics with simultaneous induction of new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Golafshan
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elke Vorndran
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Zaharievski
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harold Brommer
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Firoz Babu Kadumudi
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Wurzburg, Germany
| | - René van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Orthopedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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23
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Salem M, Westover L, Adeeb S, Duke K. Prediction of failure in cancellous bone using extended finite element method. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2020; 234:988-999. [PMID: 32605523 DOI: 10.1177/0954411920936057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of our study is to develop extended finite element method models of cancellous bone specimens that are capable of accurately predicting the onset and propagation of cracks under mechanical loading. In order to do so, previously published three-point bending test results of a single trabecula were replicated using two different extended finite element method approaches, namely, elastic-plastic-fracture and elastic-fracture that considered different configurations of the elasto-plastic properties of bone from which the best approach to fit the experimental data was identified. The behavior of a single trabecula was then used in 2D extended finite element method models to quantify the strength of the trabecular tissue of the forearm along three perpendicular anatomical axes. The results revealed that the elastic-plastic-fracture model better represented the experimental data in the model of a single trabecula. Considering the 2D trabecular specimens, the elastic fracture model predicted higher strength than the elastic-plastic-fracture model and there was no difference in stiffness between the two models. In general, the specimens exhibited higher failure strain and more ductile behavior in compression than in tension. In addition, strength and stiffness were found to be higher in tension than compression on average. It can be concluded that with proper parameters, extended finite element method is capable of simulating the ductile behavior of cancellous bone. The models are able to quantify the tensile strength of trabecular tissue in the various anatomical directions reporting an increased strength in the longitudinal direction of forearm cancellous bone tissue. Extended finite element method of cancellous bone proves to be a valuable tool to predict the mechanical characteristics of cancellous bones as a function of the microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lindsey Westover
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Samer Adeeb
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kajsa Duke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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24
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Distler T, Fournier N, Grünewald A, Polley C, Seitz H, Detsch R, Boccaccini AR. Polymer-Bioactive Glass Composite Filaments for 3D Scaffold Manufacturing by Fused Deposition Modeling: Fabrication and Characterization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:552. [PMID: 32671025 PMCID: PMC7326953 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical size bone defects are regularly treated by auto- and allograft transplantation. However, such treatments require to harvest bone from patient donor sites, with often limited tissue availability or risk of donor site morbidity. Not requiring bone donation, three-dimensionally (3D) printed implants and biomaterial-based tissue engineering (TE) strategies promise to be the next generation therapies for bone regeneration. We present here polylactic acid (PLA)-bioactive glass (BG) composite scaffolds manufactured by fused deposition modeling (FDM), involving the fabrication of PLA-BG composite filaments which are used to 3D print controlled open-porous and osteoinductive scaffolds. We demonstrated the printability of PLA-BG filaments as well as the bioactivity and cytocompatibility of PLA-BG scaffolds using pre-osteoblast MC3T3E1 cells. Gene expression analyses indicated the beneficial impact of BG inclusions in FDM scaffolds regarding osteoinduction, as BG inclusions lead to increased osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells in comparison to pristine PLA. Our findings confirm that FDM is a convenient additive manufacturing technology to develop PLA-BG composite scaffolds suitable for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Distler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niklas Fournier
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alina Grünewald
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Polley
- Chair of Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hermann Seitz
- Chair of Microfluidics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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25
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Fleps I, Bahaloo H, Zysset PK, Ferguson SJ, Pálsson H, Helgason B. Empirical relationships between bone density and ultimate strength: A literature review. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103866. [PMID: 32957183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ultimate strength-density relationships for bone have been reported with widely varying results. Reliable bone strength predictions are crucial for many applications that aim to assess bone failure. Bone density and bone morphology have been proposed to explain most of the variance in measured bone strength. If this holds true, it could lead to the derivation of a single ultimate strength-density-morphology relationship for all anatomical sites. METHODS All relevant literature was reviewed. Ultimate strength-density relationships derived from mechanical testing of human bone tissue were included. The reported relationships were translated to ultimate strength-apparent density relationships and normalized with respect to strain rate. Results were grouped based on bone tissue type (cancellous or cortical), anatomical site, and loading mode (tension vs. compression). When possible, the relationships were compared to existing ultimate strength-density-morphology relationships. RESULTS Relationships that considered bone density and morphology covered the full spectrum of eight-fold inter-study difference in reported compressive ultimate strength-density relationships for trabecular bone. This was true for studies that tested specimens in different loading direction and tissue from different anatomical sites. Sparse data was found for ultimate strength-density relationships in tension and for cortical bone properties transverse to the main loading axis of the bone. CONCLUSIONS Ultimate strength-density-morphology relationships could explain measured strength across anatomical sites and loading directions. We recommend testing of bone specimens in other directions than along the main trabecular alignment and to include bone morphology in studies that investigate bone material properties. The lack of tensile strength data did not allow for drawing conclusions on ultimate strength-density-morphology relationships. Further studies are needed. Ideally, these studies would investigate both tensile and compressive strength-density relationships, including morphology, to close this gap and lead to more accurate evaluation of bone failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Fleps
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Hassan Bahaloo
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Philippe K Zysset
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Halldór Pálsson
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Zhai X, Nauman EA, Moryl D, Lycke R, Chen WW. The effects of loading-direction and strain-rate on the mechanical behaviors of human frontal skull bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 103:103597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kim JW, Park JH, Muthukumar T, Shin EY, Shin ME, Song JE, Khang G. Accelerating bone defects healing in calvarial defect model using 3D cultured bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on demineralized bone particle scaffold. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:563-574. [PMID: 32061025 DOI: 10.1002/term.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bone defects are usually difficult to be regenerated due to pathological states or the size of the injury. Researchers are focusing on tissue engineering approaches in order to drive the regenerative events, using stem cells to regenerate bone. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on biologically derived Gallus gallus domesticus-derived demineralized bone particle (GDD) sponge. The sponges were prepared by freeze-drying method using 1, 2, and 3 wt% GDD and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. The GDD sponge was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, compressive strength, porosity, and Fourier transform infrared. The potential bioactivity of the sponge was evaluated by osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs using 3(4, dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and quantifying alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. in vivo experiments were evaluated through a micro-computerized tomography (μ-CT) and histological assays. The analysis confirmed that an increase in the concentration of the GDD in the sponge leads to a higher bone formation and deposition in rat calvarial defects. Histological assay results were in line with μ-CT. The results reported in this study demonstrated the potential application of GDD sponges as osteoinductor in bone tissue engineering in pathological or nonunion bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Kim
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of PolymerNano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Park
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of PolymerNano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Thangavelu Muthukumar
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of PolymerNano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeong Shin
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of PolymerNano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Eun Shin
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of PolymerNano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Song
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of PolymerNano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Gilson Khang
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of PolymerNano Science & Technology and Polymer BIN Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
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Liu GB, Li R, Lu Q, Ma HY, Zhang YX, Quan Q, Liang XZ, Peng J, Lu SB. Three-dimensional distribution of cystic lesions in osteonecrosis of the femoral head. J Orthop Translat 2019; 22:109-115. [PMID: 32440506 PMCID: PMC7231955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the location characteristics of cystic lesions in a three-dimensional context and discuss the mechanism of formation. Methods A total of 155 femoral head computed tomography images from 94 patients diagnosed with stage II and III osteonecrosis of the femoral head were retrospectively reviewed. Three-dimensional structures of the femoral head including the cystic lesions and necrotic area were reconstructed. We divided each femoral head into eight regions to observe the positional relationship of the cystic lesions, normal areas, and necrotic areas. Results The regional distribution revealed 14 (13%), 35 (32%), 9 (8%), 25 (23%), 6 (6%), 15 (14%), 4 (4%), and 0 (0%) cystic lesions in regions Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ, and Ⅷ, respectively. The anteromedial zone, A (Ⅰ + Ⅲ), contained 22% of the lesions, anterolateral zone, B (Ⅱ + Ⅳ), contained 54%, posteromedial zone, C (Ⅴ +Ⅶ), contained 9% of the lesions, and posterolateral zone, D (Ⅵ + Ⅷ), contained 15% of the lesions. Most of the cystic lesions (78%) were located between the normal and necrotic areas; 18% of cystic lesions were in the necrotic area and 4% were in the normal area. Conclusions Cystic lesions most often occur at the junction of the necrotic and normal areas and are most commonly located in the anterolateral femoral head, which is similar to the distribution of the stress concentration region. The translational potential of this article The study showed the location characteristics of cystic lesions in osteonecrosis of femoral head, which suggested that the formation of cystic lesions may be related to stress and could accelerate the collapse of femoral head. The results can support further research on cystic lesions and provide a reference for doctors' treatment strategies for patients with osteonecrosis of femoral head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Bo Liu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hai-Yang Ma
- Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Qi Quan
- Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xue-Zhen Liang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, 250355, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Shi-Bi Lu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Corresponding author.
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Beech M, Nagra NS, Wedatilake T, Kluzek S. Symptomatic stress reaction of the humerus in a professional cricketer. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/9/e227088. [PMID: 31537584 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-227088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A symptomatic bone stress reaction is an early pathological feature, which can lead to stress fractures. It typically affects bones of the lower limbs in response to unaccustomed disproportional compressive loading. Professional sportspeople are susceptible to both bone stress reaction and stress fractures, where training regimes and competition predispose to overuse injuries. We discuss a unique case of a professional cricketer developing pain in the throwing arm due to bone stress reaction in the distal humerus, as confirmed on MRI. Modification of the patient's training regime, presented in this case, facilitated complete recovery within 6 weeks. The positive response to modified training suggests a biomechanical origin of the pain. This case illustrates that tensile stress associated with throwing activities can result in a symptomatic bone stress reaction of the humerus in elite cricketers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Beech
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Navraj S Nagra
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Stefan Kluzek
- The Botnar Research Centre (NDORMS), Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
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Chen L, Al-Shawk A, Rea C, Mazeh H, Wu X, Chen W, Li Y, Song W, Markel DC, Ren W. Preparation of electrospun nanofibers with desired microstructures using a programmed three-dimensional (3D) nanofiber collector. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 106:110188. [PMID: 31753331 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The traditional electrospinning process produces dense two-dimensional (2D) nanofiber (NF) sheets that limit cell infiltration and proliferation. Our previous study demonstrated that 3D NF sheets could be formed on an NF collector surface mounted with multiple movable needles through the corona discharge. In this study, we developed a programmed electrospun 3D NF collector. It can precisely control the moving speed of NF collector during electrospinning; thereby fabricating 3D NFs with desired microstructures (pore size, pore volume, and interconnectivity). Four types of polycaprolactone (PCL) 3D NF matrices with different microstructures can be obtained concurrently on the NF collector surface, which are set by different forward moving speed of the NF collector device: NF-zero (no move, as control), NF-low (0.085 mm/min), NF-mid (0.158 mm/min) and NF-high (0.232 mm/min). A linear increase of the NF sheet thickness (from 0.21 mm to 0.91 mm) was recorded with accelerating collector movement. Quantitative analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micro-computed tomography (μ-CT), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed a monotonic increase of pore size and porosity with the increase of collector moving speeds. The collector movement also impacted the crystallinity and mechanical properties of the NFs. When prepared at high collector speed, the NFs showed improved proliferation and differentiation (p < .05) of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3 cells compared to the NFs from the static collector. A programmed NF collector device allows for the reproducible, precise and continuous fabrication of 3D NFs with tailorable geometry and microstructures. This simple, controllable, one-step process could promote the clinical translation of electrospun NFs in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ameer Al-Shawk
- Department of Mechanic Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Christopher Rea
- Department of Engineering Technology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hanan Mazeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Mechanic Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Engineering Technology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yawen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lawrence Technological University, Southfield, MI 48075, USA
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - David C Markel
- Department of Orthopedics, Providence Hospital and Medical Center, Southfield, MI 48075, USA
| | - Weiping Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Providence Hospital and Medical Center, Southfield, MI 48075, USA; John D. Dingle VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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31
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Chummun I, Bhaw-Luximon A, Jhurry D. Modulating matrix-multicellular response using polysucrose-blended with poly-L-lactide or polydioxanone in electrospun scaffolds for skin tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:3275-3291. [PMID: 30367544 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polysucrose (PSuc) is hydrophilic, has excellent biocompatibility with cells as a density gradient and is resistant to enzymes. Its use in electrospun mats for tissue engineering applications has not been investigated due to its amorphous nature. For spinnability and robustness, polysucrose was blended with poly-L-lactide (PLLA) and polydioxanone (PDX) respectively and electrospun into nanofibrous mats. Interaction with cells was assessed using L929 mouse fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes separately and in co-culture. Effect of parameters such as porosity, fiber diameter, surface wettability and mechanical properties of mats on cell-scaffold interactions was studied. Depending on nature and composition of mats, fibroblasts showed dendritic, spindle or round cell morphologies along with the formation of lamellipodia, filopodia, fibrillar or fiber-like projections of 100 nm and 200-300 nm in diameter respectively from the periphery or center of cells. Granular extracellular matrix was formed on both PLLA-PSuc and PDX-PSuc 50-50 seeded with keratinocytes. Growth of keratinocytes was enhanced in co-culture with fibroblasts with the formation of a skin-like layer. Both cells showed the ability to form multilayer structures. The mats maintained their physical integrity during the period of study. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 3275-3291, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itisha Chummun
- Biomaterials, Drug Delivery and Nanotechnology Unit, Center for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research (CBBR), University of Mauritius, MSIRI Building, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Archana Bhaw-Luximon
- Biomaterials, Drug Delivery and Nanotechnology Unit, Center for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research (CBBR), University of Mauritius, MSIRI Building, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Dhanjay Jhurry
- Biomaterials, Drug Delivery and Nanotechnology Unit, Center for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research (CBBR), University of Mauritius, MSIRI Building, Réduit, Mauritius
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Fang Z, Ranslow AN, De Tomas P, Gunnarsson A, Weerasooriya T, Satapathy S, Thompson KA, Kraft RH. The Multi-Axial Failure Response of Porcine Trabecular Skull Bone Estimated Using Microstructural Simulations. J Biomech Eng 2018; 140:2678342. [PMID: 30029234 DOI: 10.1115/1.4039895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of a multi-axial failure criterion for trabecular skull bone has many clinical and biological implications. This failure criterion would allow for modeling of bone under daily loading scenarios that typically are multi-axial in nature. Some yield criteria have been developed to evaluate the failure of trabecular bone, but there is a little consensus among them. To help gain deeper understanding of multi-axial failure response of trabecular skull bone, we developed 30 microstructural finite element models of porous porcine skull bone and subjected them to multi-axial displacement loading simulations that spanned three-dimensional (3D) stress and strain space. High-resolution microcomputed tomography (microCT) scans of porcine trabecular bone were obtained and used to develop the meshes used for finite element simulations. In total, 376 unique multi-axial loading cases were simulated for each of the 30 microstructure models. Then, results from the total of 11,280 simulations (approximately 135,360 central processing unit-hours) were used to develop a mathematical expression, which describes the average three-dimensional yield surface in strain space. Our results indicate that the yield strain of porcine trabecular bone under multi-axial loading is nearly isotropic and despite a spread of yielding points between the 30 different microstructures, no significant relationship between the yield strain and bone volume fraction is observed. The proposed yield equation has simple format and it can be implemented into a macroscopic model for the prediction of failure of whole bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Fang
- Mem. ASME The Penn State Computational Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 320 Leonhard Building, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Allison N Ranslow
- The Penn State Computational Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 320 Leonhard Building, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Patricia De Tomas
- The Penn State Computational Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 320 Leonhard Building, University Park, PA 16802
| | | | | | | | | | - Reuben H Kraft
- Mem. ASME The Penn State Computational Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 320 Leonhard Building, University Park, PA 16802.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 320 Leonhard Building, University Park, PA 16802 e-mail:
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The potential use of gentamicin sulfate-loaded poly(l-lactic acid)-sericin hybrid scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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34
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Zhao S, Arnold M, Ma S, Abel RL, Cobb JP, Hansen U, Boughton O. Standardizing compression testing for measuring the stiffness of human bone. Bone Joint Res 2018; 7:524-538. [PMID: 30258572 PMCID: PMC6138811 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.78.bjr-2018-0025.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The ability to determine human bone stiffness is of clinical relevance in many fields, including bone quality assessment and orthopaedic prosthesis design. Stiffness can be measured using compression testing, an experimental technique commonly used to test bone specimens in vitro. This systematic review aims to determine how best to perform compression testing of human bone. Methods A keyword search of all English language articles up until December 2017 of compression testing of bone was undertaken in Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Studies using bulk tissue, animal tissue, whole bone, or testing techniques other than compression testing were excluded. Results A total of 4712 abstracts were retrieved, with 177 papers included in the analysis; 20 studies directly analyzed the compression testing technique to improve the accuracy of testing. Several influencing factors should be considered when testing bone samples in compression. These include the method of data analysis, specimen storage, specimen preparation, testing configuration, and loading protocol. Conclusion Compression testing is a widely used technique for measuring the stiffness of bone but there is a great deal of inter-study variation in experimental techniques across the literature. Based on best evidence from the literature, suggestions for bone compression testing are made in this review, although further studies are needed to establish standardized bone testing techniques in order to increase the comparability and reliability of bone stiffness studies. Cite this article: S. Zhao, M. Arnold, S. Ma, R. L. Abel, J. P. Cobb, U. Hansen, O. Boughton. Standardizing compression testing for measuring the stiffness of human bone. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:524–538. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.78.BJR-2018-0025.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhao
- The MSk Lab, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Arnold
- The MSk Lab, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Ma
- The MSk Lab, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - R L Abel
- The MSk Lab, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - J P Cobb
- The MSk Lab, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - U Hansen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - O Boughton
- The MSk Lab, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Ball AN, Donahue SW, Wojda SJ, McIlwraith CW, Kawcak CE, Ehrhart N, Goodrich LR. The challenges of promoting osteogenesis in segmental bone defects and osteoporosis. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:1559-1572. [PMID: 29280510 PMCID: PMC8354209 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Conventional clinical management of complex bone healing scenarios continues to result in 5-10% of fractures forming non-unions. Additionally, the aging population and prevalence of osteoporosis-related fractures necessitate the further exploration of novel ways to augment osteogenesis in this special population. This review focuses on the current clinical modalities available, and the ongoing clinical and pre-clinical research to promote osteogenesis in segmental bone defects, delayed unions, and osteoporosis. In summary, animal models of fracture repair are often small animals as historically significant large animal models, like the dog, continue to gain favor as companion animals. Small rodents have well-documented limitations in comparing to fracture repair in humans, and few similarities exist. Study design, number of studies, and availability of funding continue to limit large animal studies. Osteoinduction with rhBMP-2 results in robust bone formation, although long-term quality is scrutinized due to poor bone mineral quality. PTH 1-34 is the only FDA approved osteo-anabolic treatment to prevent osteoporotic fractures. Limited to 2 years of clinical use, PTH 1-34 has further been plagued by dose-related ambiguities and inconsistent results when applied to pathologic fractures in systematic human clinical studies. There is limited animal data of PTH 1-34 applied locally to bone defects. Gene therapy continues to gain popularity among researchers to augment bone healing. Non-integrating viral vectors and targeted apoptosis of genetically modified therapeutic cells is an ongoing area of research. Finally, progenitor cell therapies and the content variation of patient-side treatments (e.g., PRP and BMAC) are being studied. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1559-1572, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa N. Ball
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, 1678 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1678
| | - Seth W. Donahue
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, 1678 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1678,,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Samantha J. Wojda
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, 1678 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1678,,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - C. Wayne McIlwraith
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, 1678 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1678
| | - Christopher E. Kawcak
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, 1678 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1678
| | - Nicole Ehrhart
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Laurie R. Goodrich
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, 1678 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1678
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Wu WK, Yan ZJ, Zhang TF, Liao CG, Liang KL, Chen L, Deng ZL. Biomechanical Influences of Transcorporeal Tunnels on C4 Vertebra Under Physical Compressive Load Under Flexion Movement: A Finite Element Analysis. World Neurosurg 2018; 114:e199-e208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.02.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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NaddafDezfuli S, Brouwer JC, Mol JMC, van der Helm FCT, Zhou J. Biodegradation and mechanical behavior of an advanced bioceramic-containing Mg matrix composite synthesized through in-situ solid-state oxidation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 80:209-221. [PMID: 29433007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown great potential of Mg matrix composites for biodegradable orthopedic devices. However, the poor structural integrity of these composites, which results in excessive localized corrosion and premature mechanical failure, has hindered their widespread applications. In this research, an in-situ Powder Metallurgy (PM) method was used to fabricate a novel biodegradable Mg-bredigite composite and to achieve enhanced chemical interfacial locking between the constituents by triggering a solid-state thermochemical reaction between Mg and bredigite particles. The reaction resulted in a highly densified and integrated microstructure, which prevented corrosion pits from propagating when the composite was immersed in a physiological solution. In addition, chemical interlocking between the constituents prohibited interparticle fracture and subsequent surface delamination during compression testing, enabling the composite to withstand larger plastic deformation before mechanical failure. Furthermore, the composite was proven to be biocompatible and capable of maintaining its ultimate compressive strength in the strength range of cortical bone after 25-day immersion in DMEM. The research provided the necessary information to guide further research towards the development of a next generation of biodegradable Mg matrix composites with enhanced chemical interlocking.
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Affiliation(s)
- S NaddafDezfuli
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - J C Brouwer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J M C Mol
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - F C T van der Helm
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
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Elbadawi M, Shbeh M. High strength yttria-reinforced HA scaffolds fabricated via honeycomb ceramic extrusion. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 77:422-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Vanderburgh J, Fernando S, Merkel A, Sterling J, Guelcher S. Fabrication of Trabecular Bone-Templated Tissue-Engineered Constructs by 3D Inkjet Printing. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201700369. [PMID: 28892261 PMCID: PMC5815519 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
3D printing enables the creation of scaffolds with precisely controlled morphometric properties for multiple tissue types, including musculoskeletal tissues such as cartilage and bone. Computed tomography (CT) imaging has been combined with 3D printing to fabricate anatomically scaled patient-specific scaffolds for bone regeneration. However, anatomically scaled scaffolds typically lack sufficient resolution to recapitulate the <100 micrometer-scale trabecular architecture essential for investigating the cellular response to the morphometric properties of bone. In this study, it is hypothesized that the architecture of trabecular bone regulates osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. To test this hypothesis, human bone-templated 3D constructs are fabricated via a new micro-CT/3D inkjet printing process. It is shown that this process reproducibly fabricates bone-templated constructs that recapitulate the anatomic site-specific morphometric properties of trabecular bone. A significant correlation is observed between the structure model index (a morphometric parameter related to surface curvature) and the degree of mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells, with more concave surfaces promoting more extensive osteoblast differentiation and mineralization compared to predominately convex surfaces. These findings highlight the significant effects of trabecular architecture on osteoblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vanderburgh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Shanik Fernando
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Alyssa Merkel
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (VISN 9), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julie Sterling
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (VISN 9), Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Scott Guelcher
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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Sharma A, Brand D, Fairbank J, Ye H, Lavy C, Czernuszka J. A self-organising biomimetic collagen/nano-hydroxyapatite-glycosaminoglycan scaffold for spinal fusion. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2017; 52:12574-12592. [PMID: 29977095 PMCID: PMC6029624 DOI: 10.1007/s10853-017-1229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of spinal fusion surgery as a treatment for degenerative spinal conditions and chronic back pain is increasing. However, this technique requires use of a bone grafting material to fuse the vertebrae, traditionally autologous bone, which consists of an optimal combination of osteogenic cell precursors, extracellular matrix proteins and mineral components. To date, this remains the 'gold standard' material but its supply is limited and is associated with a number of clinical and ethical difficulties; consequently, various combinations of cells with biological scaffold materials have been tested but have failed to achieve fusion rates even comparable to autologous bone. We successfully fabricated a novel collagen-based scaffold using self-organising atelocollagen combined with nano-hydroxyapatite and chondroitin sulphate, cross-linked by microbial transglutaminase. The scaffold was characterised using a range of imaging, chemical composition and thermal analysis techniques. It was found to exhibit appropriate stiffness and suitable pore size for the adhesion, growth and differentiation of MSCs. The low toxicity makes it suitable for clinical application, and its slow degradation profile would enable the scaffold to promote bone growth over an extended period. This material therefore shows promise for clinical use in spinal fusion and other procedures requiring the use of bone grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Sharma
- Department of Materials Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
- Oxford Spinal Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK
- Oxford Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - David Brand
- Connective Tissue Research Group, Collagen Core, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jeremy Fairbank
- Oxford Spinal Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK
| | - Hua Ye
- Oxford Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Chris Lavy
- Oxford Spinal Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK
| | - Jan Czernuszka
- Connective Tissue Research Group, Collagen Core, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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41
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Understanding Hip Fracture by QCT-Based Finite Element Modeling. J Med Biol Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-017-0266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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Effects of poly (ε-caprolactone) coating on the properties of three-dimensional printed porous structures. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 70:68-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Song W, Chen L, Seta J, Markel DC, Yu X, Ren W. Corona Discharge: A Novel Approach To Fabricate Three-Dimensional Electrospun Nanofibers for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1146-1153. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Joseph Seta
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - David C. Markel
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Providence Hospital, Southfield, Michigan 48075, United States
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- Department
of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200231, China
| | - Weiping Ren
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Providence Hospital, Southfield, Michigan 48075, United States
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44
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Dezfuli SN, Leeflang S, Huan Z, Chang J, Zhou J. Fabrication of novel magnesium-matrix composites and their mechanical properties prior to and during in vitro degradation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 67:74-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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John Ł, Podgórska M, Nedelec JM, Cwynar-Zając Ł, Dzięgiel P. Strontium-doped organic-inorganic hybrids towards three-dimensional scaffolds for osteogenic cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 68:117-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhang C, Mcadams DA, Grunlan JC. Nano/Micro-Manufacturing of Bioinspired Materials: a Review of Methods to Mimic Natural Structures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:6292-321. [PMID: 27144950 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Through billions of years of evolution and natural selection, biological systems have developed strategies to achieve advantageous unification between structure and bulk properties. The discovery of these fascinating properties and phenomena has triggered increasing interest in identifying characteristics of biological materials, through modern characterization and modeling techniques. In an effort to produce better engineered materials, scientists and engineers have developed new methods and approaches to construct artificial advanced materials that resemble natural architecture and function. A brief review of typical naturally occurring materials is presented here, with a focus on chemical composition, nano-structure, and architecture. The critical mechanisms underlying their properties are summarized, with a particular emphasis on the role of material architecture. A review of recent progress on the nano/micro-manufacturing of bio-inspired hybrid materials is then presented in detail. In this case, the focus is on nacre and bone-inspired structural materials, petals and gecko foot-inspired adhesive films, lotus and mosquito eye inspired superhydrophobic materials, brittlestar and Morpho butterfly-inspired photonic structured coatings. Finally, some applications, current challenges and future directions with regard to manufacturing bio-inspired hybrid materials are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, United States
| | - Daniel A Mcadams
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, United States
| | - Jaime C Grunlan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, United States
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Buckholtz GA, Reger NA, Anderton WD, Schimoler PJ, Roudebush SL, Meng WS, Miller MC, Gawalt ES. Reducing Escherichia coli growth on a composite biomaterial by a surface immobilized antimicrobial peptide. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 65:126-34. [PMID: 27157735 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A new composite bioceramic consisting of calcium aluminum oxide (CaAlO) and hydroxyapatite (HA) was functionalized with the synthetic antimicrobial peptide Inverso-CysHHC10. CaAlO is a bioceramic that can be mold cast easily and quickly at room temperature. Improved functionality was previously achieved through surface reactions. Here, composites containing 0-5% HA (by mass) were prepared and the elastic modulus and modulus of rupture were mechanically similar to non-load bearing bone. The addition of hydroxyapatite resulted in increased osteoblast attachment (>180%) and proliferation (>140%) on all composites compared to 100% CaAlO. Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) immobilization was achieved using an interfacial alkene-thiol click reaction. The linked AMP persisted on the composite (>99.6% after 24h) and retained its activity against Escherichia coli based on N-phenylnaphthylamine uptake and bacterial turbidity tests. Overall, this simple scaffold system improves osteoblast activity and reduces bacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin A Buckholtz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Nina A Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - William D Anderton
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
| | - Patrick J Schimoler
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
| | - Shana L Roudebush
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Wilson S Meng
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Mark C Miller
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
| | - Ellen S Gawalt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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Modeling the Mechanical Consequences of Age-Related Trabecular Bone Loss by XFEM Simulation. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3495152. [PMID: 27403206 PMCID: PMC4925952 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3495152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The elderly are more likely to suffer from fracture because of age-related trabecular bone loss. Different bone loss locations and patterns have different effects on bone mechanical properties. Extended finite element method (XFEM) can simulate fracture process and was suited to investigate the effects of bone loss on trabecular bone. Age-related bone loss is indicated by trabecular thinning and loss and may occur at low-strain locations or other random sites. Accordingly, several ideal normal and aged trabecular bone models were created based on different bone loss locations and patterns; then, fracture processes from crack initiation to complete failure of these models were observed by XFEM; finally, the effects of different locations and patterns on trabecular bone were compared. Results indicated that bone loss occurring at low-strain locations was more detrimental to trabecular bone than that occurring at other random sites; meanwhile, the decrease in bone strength caused by trabecular loss was higher than that caused by trabecular thinning, and the effects of vertical trabecular loss on mechanical properties were more severe than horizontal trabecular loss. This study provided a numerical method to simulate trabecular bone fracture and distinguished different effects of the possible occurrence of bone loss locations and patterns on trabecular bone.
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49
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Meininger S, Mandal S, Kumar A, Groll J, Basu B, Gbureck U. Strength reliability and in vitro degradation of three-dimensional powder printed strontium-substituted magnesium phosphate scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2016; 31:401-411. [PMID: 26621692 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Strontium ions (Sr(2+)) are known to prevent osteoporosis and also encourage bone formation. Such twin requirements have motivated researchers to develop Sr-substituted biomaterials for orthopaedic applications. The present study demonstrates a new concept of developing Sr-substituted Mg3(PO4)2 - based biodegradable scaffolds. In particular, this work reports the fabrication, mechanical properties with an emphasis on strength reliability as well as in vitro degradation of highly biodegradable strontium-incorporated magnesium phosphate cements. These implantable scaffolds were fabricated using three-dimensional powder printing, followed by high temperature sintering and/or chemical conversion, a technique adaptable to develop patient-specific implants. A moderate combination of strength properties of 36.7MPa (compression), 24.2MPa (bending) and 10.7MPa (tension) were measured. A reasonably modest Weibull modulus of up to 8.8 was recorded after uniaxial compression or diametral tensile tests on 3D printed scaffolds. A comparison among scaffolds with varying compositions or among sintered or chemically hardened scaffolds reveals that the strength reliability is not compromised in Sr-substituted scaffolds compared to baseline Mg3(PO4)2. The micro-computed tomography analysis reveals the presence of highly interconnected porous architecture in three-dimension with lognormal pore size distribution having median in the range of 17.74-26.29μm for the investigated scaffolds. The results of extensive in vitro ion release study revealed passive degradation with a reduced Mg(2+) release and slow but sustained release of Sr(2+) from strontium-substituted magnesium phosphate scaffolds. Taken together, the present study unequivocally illustrates that the newly designed Sr-substituted magnesium phosphate scaffolds with good strength reliability could be used for biomedical applications requiring consistent Sr(2+)- release, while the scaffold degrades in physiological medium. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The study investigates the additive manufacturing of scaffolds based on different strontium-substituted magnesium phosphate bone cements by means of three-dimensional powder printing technique (3DPP). Magnesium phosphates were chosen due to their higher biodegradability compared to calcium phosphates, which is due to both a higher solubility as well as the absence of phase changes (to low soluble hydroxyapatite) in vivo. Since strontium ions are known to promote bone formation by stimulating osteoblast growth, we aimed to establish such a highly degradable magnesium phosphate ceramic with an enhanced bioactivity for new bone ingrowth. After post-processing, mechanical strengths of up to 36.7MPa (compression), 24.2MPa (bending) and 10.7MPa (tension) could be achieved. Simultaneously, the failure reliability of those bioceramic implant materials, measured by Weibull modulus calculations, were in the range of 4.3-8.8. Passive dissolution studies in vitro proved an ion release of Mg(2+) and PO4(3-) as well as Sr(2+), which is fundamental for in vivo degradation and a bone growth promoting effect. In our opinion, this work broadens the range of bioceramic bone replacement materials suitable for additive manufacturing processing. The high biodegradability of MPC ceramics together with the anticipated promoting effect on osseointegration opens up the way for a patient-specific treatment with the prospect of a fast and complete healing of bone fractures.
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50
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Saravanan S, Leena RS, Selvamurugan N. Chitosan based biocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1354-1365. [PMID: 26845481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The clinical demand for scaffolds and the diversity of available polymers provide freedom in the fabrication of scaffolds to achieve successful progress in bone tissue engineering (BTE). Chitosan (CS) has drawn much of the attention in recent years for its use as graft material either as alone or in a combination with other materials in BTE. The scaffolds should possess a number of properties like porosity, biocompatibility, water retention, protein adsorption, mechanical strength, biomineralization and biodegradability suited for BTE applications. In this review, CS and its properties, and the role of CS along with other polymeric and ceramic materials as scaffolds for bone tissue repair applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R S Leena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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