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Struik T, Jansen MP, Lafeber RGP, Lafeber FPJG, Mastbergen SC. Comparison of Clinical Efficacy and Mechanical Characteristics of Two Knee Distraction Devices With Relevance for Clinical Practice. Cartilage 2024:19476035231226418. [PMID: 38439552 DOI: 10.1177/19476035231226418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distraction treatment for severe osteoarthritis below the age of 65 successfully postpones arthroplasty. Most patients have been treated with a general external fixator or a device specifically intended for knee distraction. This study compares clinical efficacy of both devices in retrospect and their mechanical characteristics. DESIGN Clinical efficacy 2 years posttreatment was compared using retrospective data from patients with severe knee osteoarthritis treated with knee distraction; 63 with the Dynamic Monotube (Stryker GmbH, Switzerland) and 65 with the KneeReviver (ArthroSave BV, the Netherlands). Changes in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain, stiffness, and function, general well-being (SF-36), cartilage thickness by radiographic joint space widening, and adverse events during treatment were assessed. Axial stiffness of clinically feasible configurations was assessed by bench testing for the Dynamic Monotube triax system and the KneeReviver. RESULTS No differences were observed in clinical efficacy, nor in mechanical characteristics and adverse events between the two devices. Although with large variation, both showed a clinically relevant improvement. In mechanical testing, contact between articular surfaces was observed for both devices at physiological loading. Stiffness of applied configurations strongly varied and primarily depended on bone pin length. CONCLUSIONS Patients treated with a general intended-use device or a distraction-specific device both experienced clinical and structural efficacy although with significant variation between patients. The latter may be the result of varying mechanical characteristics resulting from differences in clinical configurations of the devices and actual loading. The exact role of full/partial mechanical unloading of the joint during distraction treatment remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Struik
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M P Jansen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R G P Lafeber
- Department of Smart Systems for Healthy Living, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F P J G Lafeber
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S C Mastbergen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Trâmbițaș C, Cordoș BA, Dorobanțu DC, Vintilă C, Ion AP, Pap T, Camelia D, Puiac C, Arbănași EM, Ciucanu CC, Mureșan AV, Arbănași EM, Russu E. Application of Adipose Stem Cells in 3D Nerve Guidance Conduit Prevents Muscle Atrophy and Improves Distal Muscle Compliance in a Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:184. [PMID: 38391670 PMCID: PMC10886226 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) represent a significant clinical problem, and standard approaches to nerve repair have limitations. Recent breakthroughs in 3D printing and stem cell technologies offer a promising solution for nerve regeneration. The main purpose of this study was to examine the biomechanical characteristics in muscle tissue distal to a nerve defect in a murine model of peripheral nerve regeneration from physiological stress to failure. METHODS In this experimental study, we enrolled 18 Wistar rats in which we created a 10 mm sciatic nerve defect. Furthermore, we divided them into three groups as follows: in Group 1, we used 3D nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) and adipose stem cells (ASCs) in seven rats; in Group 2, we used only 3D NGCs for seven rats; and in Group 3, we created only the defect in four rats. We monitored the degree of atrophy at 4, 8, and 12 weeks by measuring the diameter of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. At the end of 12 weeks, we took the TA muscle and analyzed it uniaxially at 10% stretch until failure. RESULTS In the group of animals with 3D NGCs and ASCs, we recorded the lowest degree of atrophy at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after nerve reconstruction. At 10% stretch, the control group had the highest Cauchy stress values compared to the 3D NGC group (0.164 MPa vs. 0.141 MPa, p = 0.007) and the 3D NGC + ASC group (0.164 MPa vs. 0.123 MPa, p = 0.007). In addition, we found that the control group (1.763 MPa) had the highest TA muscle stiffness, followed by the 3D NGC group (1.412 MPa), with the best muscle elasticity showing in the group in which we used 3D NGC + ASC (1.147 MPa). At failure, TA muscle samples from the 3D NGC + ASC group demonstrated better compliance and a higher degree of elasticity compared to the other two groups (p = 0.002 and p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the combination of 3D NGC and ASC increases the process of nerve regeneration and significantly improves the compliance and mechanical characteristics of muscle tissue distal to the injury site in a PNI murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Trâmbițaș
- Department of Plastic Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Bogdan Andrei Cordoș
- Veterinary Experimental Base, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research (CCAMF), George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Dorin Constantin Dorobanțu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Cristian Vintilă
- Department of Plastic Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Alexandru Petru Ion
- George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Timea Pap
- Department of Plastic Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - David Camelia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Claudiu Puiac
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Emil Marian Arbănași
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research (CCAMF), George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Claudiu Constantin Ciucanu
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Adrian Vasile Mureșan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Eliza Mihaela Arbănași
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Eliza Russu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
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Wang L, Lu W. A New Approach to Studying the Mechanical Characteristics of the Anchoring-Grouting System in Broken Surrounding Rock. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:8931. [PMID: 37960632 PMCID: PMC10648879 DOI: 10.3390/s23218931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing depletion of shallow coal resources, deep roadway excavation has become the main direction in the development of coal mining. Due to geological conditions including high stress and extremely broken rock, disasters such as squeezing, bulging, and swelling are widely observed. The anchoring-grouting support method is one of the most effective methods of surrounding rock reinforcement. To study the mechanical characteristics of the anchoring-grouting system in broken surrounding rock, laboratory tests considering the water-cement ratio and preload were carried out. The research results show that the internal force of support and the deformation of the support surface have close relationships with the bearing stages of the anchoring-grouting system. The optimal water-cement ratio and a higher preload can improve the cooperative bearing characteristics of surrounding rock and its support, which is of great significance for enhancing the strength of surrounding rock and reducing roadway deformation. The research results can provide a reference for anchoring-grouting support design in deep roadway excavation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China;
| | - Wei Lu
- Research Center of Geotechnical and Structural Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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Kumanchik L, Rezinkina M, Braxmaier C. Choice of the Miniature Inertial Optomechanical Sensor Geometric Parameters with the Help of Their Mechanical Characteristics Modelling. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1865. [PMID: 37893302 PMCID: PMC10609610 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of a miniature optomechanical accelerometer, similar to those proposed for a wide range of applications, have been investigated. With the help of numerical modelling, characteristics such as eigenfrequencies, quality factor, displacement magnitude, normalized translations, normalized rotations versus eigenfrequencies, as well as spatial distributions of the azimuthal and axial displacements and stored energy density in a wide frequency range starting from the stationary case have been obtained. Dependencies of the main mechanical characteristics versus the minimal and maximal system dimensions have been plotted. Geometries of the optomechanical accelerometers with micron size parts providing the low and the high first eigenfrequencies are presented. It is shown that via the choice of the geometrical parameters, the minimal measured acceleration level can be raised substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Kumanchik
- Department of Quantum Metrology, Institute for Quantum Technologies, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), 2022 Wilhem-Runge-Straße 10, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (L.K.); (C.B.)
- Institute for Microelectronics, University of Ulm, 2022 Albert-Einstein-Allee 43, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marina Rezinkina
- Institute for Microelectronics, University of Ulm, 2022 Albert-Einstein-Allee 43, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute, National Technical University, 2 Kyrpychova Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Claus Braxmaier
- Department of Quantum Metrology, Institute for Quantum Technologies, German Aerospace Center (DLR e.V.), 2022 Wilhem-Runge-Straße 10, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (L.K.); (C.B.)
- Institute for Microelectronics, University of Ulm, 2022 Albert-Einstein-Allee 43, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Alsaadi M, Hinchy EP, McCarthy CT, Moritz VF, Portela A, Devine DM. Investigation of Thermal, Mechanical and Shape Memory Properties of 3D-Printed Functionally Graded Nanocomposite Materials. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2658. [PMID: 37836299 PMCID: PMC10574263 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a 3D-printed photocurable resin was developed by incorporating graphene nanoplatelets functionalised with melamine to investigate the thermal, mechanical, fracture and shape memory behaviours. The objective of this work was to produce a printed functionally graded nanocomposite material that has a smart temperature-responsive structure; presents good thermal stability, strength and fracture toughness; and can demonstrate shape-changing motions, such as sequential transformations, over time. The functionalised graphene nanoplatelets were examined via thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the degradation temperature of the nanocomposite containing 0.1 wt% of functionalised graphene nanoplatelets at the weight loss of 5% was 304 °C, greater than that of the neat one by 29%. Dynamic mechanical analysis results showed property enhancements of the storage modulus and glass transition temperature. Fracture toughness, tensile strength and impact resistance were improved by 18%, 35% and 78%, respectively. The shape memory tests were performed to obtain the temperature-time recovery behaviour of the 3D-printed structures. The addition of functionalised graphene nanoplatelets demonstrated an enhancement in the shape recovery ratios. Generally, the five subsequent cycles were notably stable with a high recovery ratio of 97-100% for the flat shape and circular shape of the M-GNP specimens. On the other hand, these values were between 91% and 94% for the corresponding neat specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Alsaadi
- CONFIRM Centre for Smart Manufacturing, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (E.P.H.); (C.T.M.)
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, Dublin Rd, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland (A.P.)
- Materials Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Eoin P. Hinchy
- CONFIRM Centre for Smart Manufacturing, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (E.P.H.); (C.T.M.)
- School of Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Conor T. McCarthy
- CONFIRM Centre for Smart Manufacturing, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (E.P.H.); (C.T.M.)
- School of Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Vicente F. Moritz
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, Dublin Rd, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland (A.P.)
| | - Alexandre Portela
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, Dublin Rd, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland (A.P.)
| | - Declan M. Devine
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, Dublin Rd, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland (A.P.)
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Moraru E, Stoica AM, Donțu O, Cănănău S, Stoica NA, Constantin V, Cioboată DD, Bădiță-Voicu LL. Mechanical and Surface Characteristics of Selective Laser Melting-Manufactured Dental Prostheses in Different Processing Stages. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6141. [PMID: 37763418 PMCID: PMC10533055 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to the expansion of the use of powder bed fusion metal additive technologies in the medical field, especially for the realization of dental prostheses, in this paper, the authors propose a comparative experimental study of the mechanical characteristics and the state of their microscale surfaces. The comparison was made from material considerations starting from two dental alloys commonly used to realize dental prostheses: Ni-Cr and Co-Cr, but also technologies for obtaining selective laser melting (SLM) and conventional casting. In addition, to compare the performances with the classical casting technology, for the dental prostheses obtained through SLM, the post-processing stage in which they are in a preliminary finishing and polished state was considered. Therefore, for the determination of important mechanical characteristics and the comparative study of dental prostheses, the indentation test was used, after which the hardness, penetration depths (maximum, permanent, and contact depth), contact stiffness, and contact surface were established, and for the determination of the microtopography of the surfaces, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used, obtaining the local areal roughness parameters at the miniaturized scale-surface average roughness, root-mean-square roughness (RMS), and peak-to-peak values. Following the research carried out, several interesting conclusions were drawn, and the superiority of the SLM technology over the classic casting method for the production of dental prostheses in terms of some mechanical properties was highlighted. At the same time, the degree of finishing of dental prostheses made by SLM has a significant impact on the mechanical characteristics and especially the local roughness parameters on a miniaturized scale, and if we consider the same degree of finishing, no major differences are observed in the roughness parameters of the surfaces of the prostheses produced by different technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Moraru
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (E.M.); (O.D.); (S.C.); (N.-A.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Alina-Maria Stoica
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (E.M.); (O.D.); (S.C.); (N.-A.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Octavian Donțu
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (E.M.); (O.D.); (S.C.); (N.-A.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Sorin Cănănău
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (E.M.); (O.D.); (S.C.); (N.-A.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Nicolae-Alexandru Stoica
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (E.M.); (O.D.); (S.C.); (N.-A.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Victor Constantin
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (E.M.); (O.D.); (S.C.); (N.-A.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Daniela-Doina Cioboată
- The National Institute of Research and Development in Mechatronics and Measurement Technique, 6-8 Soseaua Pantelimon, 021631 Bucharest, Romania; (D.-D.C.); (L.-L.B.-V.)
| | - Liliana-Laura Bădiță-Voicu
- The National Institute of Research and Development in Mechatronics and Measurement Technique, 6-8 Soseaua Pantelimon, 021631 Bucharest, Romania; (D.-D.C.); (L.-L.B.-V.)
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Prosvirnina AP, Bugrov AN, Bobrova NV, Sivtsov EV, Nikolaeva AL, Kamalov AM, Sokolova MP, Smirnov MA. Three-Dimensional Printed Shape Memory Gels Based on a Structured Disperse System with Hydrophobic Cellulose Nanofibers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3547. [PMID: 37688173 PMCID: PMC10490119 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inks for 3D printing were prepared by dispersing bacterial cellulose nanofibers (CNF) functionalized with methacrylate groups in a polymerizable deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on choline chloride and acrylic acid with water as a cosolvent. After 3D printing and UV-curing, the double-network composite gel consisting of chemically and physically crosslinked structures composed from sub-networks of modified CNF and polymerized DES, respectively, was formed. The rheological properties of inks, as well as mechanical and shape memory properties of the 3D-printed gels, were investigated in dynamic and static modes. It was shown that the optimal amount of water allows improvement of the mechanical properties of the composite gel due to the formation of closer contacts between the modified CNF. The addition of 12 wt% water results in an increase in strength and ultimate elongation to 11.9 MPa and 300%, respectively, in comparison with 5.5 MPa and 100% for an anhydrous system. At the same time, the best shape memory properties were found for an anhydrous system: shape fixation and recovery coefficients were 80.0 and 95.8%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina P. Prosvirnina
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Pr. 31, Saint Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Bugrov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Pr. 31, Saint Petersburg 199004, Russia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University (ETU “LETI”), ul. Professora Popova 5, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Natalya V. Bobrova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Pr. 31, Saint Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Eugene V. Sivtsov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Pr. 31, Saint Petersburg 199004, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Moskovsky Pr. 24-26/49, Saint Petersburg 190013, Russia
| | - Alexandra L. Nikolaeva
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Pr. 31, Saint Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Almaz M. Kamalov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Pr. 31, Saint Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Maria P. Sokolova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Pr. 31, Saint Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Michael A. Smirnov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Pr. 31, Saint Petersburg 199004, Russia
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Buketov A, Sapronov O, Klevtsov K, Kim B. Functional Polymer Nanocomposites with Increased Anticorrosion Properties and Wear Resistance for Water Transport. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3449. [PMID: 37631509 PMCID: PMC10458151 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Corrosive destruction and hydroabrasive wear is a serious problem in the operation of machine parts and water transport mechanisms. It is promising to develop new composite materials with improved properties to increase the reliability of transport vehicles. In this regard, the use of new polymer-based materials, which are characterized by improved anticorrosion properties and wear resistance, is promising. In this work, therefore, for the formation of multifunctional protective coatings, epoxy dian oligomer brand ED-20, polyethylene polyamine (PEPA) hardener, a mixture of nanodispersed compounds with a dispersion of 30-90 nm, fillers Agocel S-2000 and Waltrop with a dispersion of 8-12 μm, and particles of iron slag with a dispersion of 60-63 μm are used for the formation of multifunctional protective coatings. Using the method of mathematically planning the experiment, the content of additives of different physico-chemical natures in the epoxy binder is optimized to obtain fireproof coatings with improved operational characteristics. A mathematical model is developed for optimizing the content of components in the formation of protective anticorrosion and wear-resistant coatings for means of transport as a result of the complex effect of a mixture of nanodispersed compounds, iron scale, and Waltrop. Based on the mathematical planning of the experiment, new regularities of increasing the corrosion resistance and resources of the means of transport are established through the formation of four different protective coatings, which are tested for resistance to aggressive environments (technical water-CAS No. 7732-18-5, gasoline-CAS No. 64742-82-1, acetone-CAS No. 67-64-1, I-20A lubricant-CAS No. 64742-62-7, sodium solutions-CAS No. 1310-73-2, and sulfuric acid-CAS No. 7664-93-9) and hydroabrasive wear resistances. A study of the change in the permeability index in aggressive environments is additionally carried out, taking into account the rational ratio of dispersive fillers in the epoxy binder, which made it possible to create an effective barrier to the penetration of aggressive water molecules into the base. A decrease in the permeability of protective coatings by 2.0-3.3 times relative to the epoxy matrix is achieved. In addition, the wear resistance of the developed materials under the action of hydroabrasion is investigated. The relative resistance of the CM to the action of hydroabrasion was found by the method of materials and coatings testing on the gas-abrasive wear with a centrifugal accelerator. This method enables one to model the real process of the wear of mechanism parts under the hydroabrasive action. It is shown that the coefficient of the wear resistance of the developed materials is 1.3 times higher than that of the polymer matrix, which indicates the resistance of the composites to the influence of hydroabrasive environment. As a result, modified epoxy composite protective coatings with improved anticorrosion properties and wear resistance under hydroabrasive conditions are developed. It is established that the protective coating filled with particles of a mixture of nanodispersed compounds (30-90 nm), iron scale (60-63 μm), and Waltrop (8-12 μm) has the lowest permeability indicators. The permeability in natural conditions of such a coating during the time t = 300 days of the study is χ = 0.5%, which is 3.6 times less than the similar indicators of the epoxy matrix. It is substantiated that the protective coating filled with particles of a mixture of nanodispersed compounds (30-90 nm), iron scale (60-63 μm), and Agocel S-2000 (8-12 μm) is characterized by the highest indicators of wear resistance. The coefficient of wear resistance under the action of hydroabrasion of such a coating is K = 1.75, which is 1.3 times higher than the similar indicators of the original epoxy matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Buketov
- Department of Transport Technologies and Mechanical Engineering, Kherson State Maritime Academy, Ushakova Avenue, 20, 73003 Kherson, Ukraine; (A.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Oleksandr Sapronov
- Department of Transport Technologies and Mechanical Engineering, Kherson State Maritime Academy, Ushakova Avenue, 20, 73003 Kherson, Ukraine; (A.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Kostyantyn Klevtsov
- Department of Transport Technologies and Mechanical Engineering, Kherson State Maritime Academy, Ushakova Avenue, 20, 73003 Kherson, Ukraine; (A.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Boksun Kim
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK;
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Baskutis S, Baskutiene J, Dragašius E, Kavaliauskiene L, Keršiene N, Kusyi Y, Stupnytskyy V. Influence of Additives on the Mechanical Characteristics of Hardox 450 Steel Welds. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5593. [PMID: 37629883 PMCID: PMC10456772 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim is to overcome the issues of high-hardness material welding by different additives used to achieve the desired improvements. The research is focused on Hardox 450 steel welding and factors to be considered in order to maintain the required mechanical properties of the weld. The selection of best suited welding materials or additives, including filler metals and shielding gases, are within the important factors to be taken into account. During the welding of Hardox 450 steel, cobalt, nickel, tungsten and titanium additives and cobalt and tungsten mixture additives were used and their influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the fusion and heat-affected zones was investigated. The microstructure of the weld zone is related to certain mechanical properties of the weld and heat-affected zone, such as hardness, tensile and bending strength, yield strength, strain at ultimate tensile strength, the Young's modulus and elongation. Research has shown significant differences in the mentioned parameters depending on specific additives used in the welds. It can be concluded that tungsten, used as an additive, increased the hardness of the heat-affected and fusion zones up to 478 HV; the combined presence of cobalt and tungsten additives improves the strength of the seam up to 744 MPa during tensile; and in the case of bending, nickel, when used as an additive, increased ductility (the bending modulus reached the limit of 94 GPa) and at the same time, decreased the risk of cracking. The obtained results highlight the possibilities for strengthening the welded joint of Hardox 450 steel using different additives or their mixtures. The research conclusions and recommendations aim at improving the quality and mechanical properties of welded Hardox 450 steel joints in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulius Baskutis
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 56, 51424 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.B.); (E.D.); (L.K.)
| | - Jolanta Baskutiene
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 56, 51424 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.B.); (E.D.); (L.K.)
| | - Egidijus Dragašius
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 56, 51424 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.B.); (E.D.); (L.K.)
| | - Lina Kavaliauskiene
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 56, 51424 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.B.); (E.D.); (L.K.)
| | - Neringa Keršiene
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 56, 51424 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Yaroslav Kusyi
- Department of Engineering Mechanics and Transport, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Bandera St. 12, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Vadym Stupnytskyy
- Department of Robotics and Integrated Mechanical Engineering Technologies, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Bandera St. 12, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine;
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10
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Mierke CT. Editorial: Editorial for mechanical and structural phenotypes of cells and extracellular matrices govern cell adhesion and migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1256311. [PMID: 37576605 PMCID: PMC10420056 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1256311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Faidallah RF, Hanon MM, Vashist V, Habib A, Szakál Z, Oldal I. Effect of Different Standard Geometry Shapes on the Tensile Properties of 3D-Printed Polymer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3029. [PMID: 37514419 PMCID: PMC10385694 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a comparative analysis of the tensile properties of 3D-printed polymer specimens with different standard geometry shapes. The objective is to assess the influence of printing orientation and geometry on the mechanical performance. Rectangular-shaped ASTM D3039 specimens with angles of 0°, 15°, and 90° are compared to various tensile test specimens based on ASTM and ISO standards. All specimens are fabricated using polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) material through fused deposition modeling (FDM). Two printing orientations, flat and on-edge, are investigated, and tensile strength, elastic modulus, strain, and elongation at break are measured. The study examines the weak spot commonly found at the neck of the specimens and evaluates the broken areas. Additionally, a numerical analysis using the finite element method (FEM) is performed to identify stress risers' locations in each specimen type. Experimental results show that the ASTM D3039-0° specimen printed in the on-edge orientation exhibits the highest tensile properties, while the flat orientation yields the best results in terms of the broken area. The ISO 527-2 specimens consistently display lower tensile properties, irrespective of the printing orientation. The study highlights the enhanced tensile properties achieved with the rectangular shape. Specifically, the tensile strength of ASTM D3039-0° was 17.87% and 21% higher than that of the ISO 527 geometry shape for the flat and on-edge orientations, respectively. The numerical analysis indicated that the ISO 527-2 specimen had either no or minimal stress raisers, and the higher stresses observed in the narrow section were isolated from the gripping location. The findings contribute to understanding the relationship between standard geometry shapes, printing orientation, and the resulting tensile properties of 3D-printed polymer specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawabe Fatima Faidallah
- Mechanical Engineering Doctoral School, Szent István Campus, MATE University, Páter Károly u. 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Muammel M Hanon
- Baquba Technical Institute, Middle Technical University (MTU), Muasker Al-Rashid Street, Baghdad 10074, Iraq
| | - Varun Vashist
- Mechanical Engineering Doctoral School, Szent István Campus, MATE University, Páter Károly u. 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Ahmad Habib
- Department of Power Engineering, Aleppo University, Myrdian Street, Aleppo 999, Syria
| | - Zoltán Szakál
- Institute of Technology, Szent István Campus, MATE University, Páter Károly u. 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - István Oldal
- Institute of Technology, Szent István Campus, MATE University, Páter Károly u. 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
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12
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Nifant'ev I, Tavtorkin A, Komarov P, Kretov E, Korchagina S, Chinova M, Gavrilov D, Ivchenko P. Dispersant and Protective Roles of Amphiphilic Poly(ethylene phosphate) Block Copolymers in Polyester/Bone Mineral Composites. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11175. [PMID: 37446347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Composites of synthetic bone mineral substitutes (BMS) and biodegradable polyesters are of particular interest for bone surgery and orthopedics. Manufacturing of composite scaffolds commonly uses mixing of the BMS with polymer melts. Melt processing requires a high homogeneity of the mixing, and is complicated by BMS-promoted thermal degradation of polymers. In our work, poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) composites reinforced by commercial β-tricalcium phosphate (βTCP) or synthesized carbonated hydroxyapatite with hexagonal and plate-like crystallite shapes (hCAp and pCAp, respectively) were fabricated using injection molding. pCAp-based composites showed advanced mechanical and thermal characteristics, and the best set of mechanical characteristics was observed for the PLLA-based composite containing 25 wt% of pCAp. To achieve compatibility of polyesters and pCAp, reactive block copolymers of PLLA or PCL with poly(tert-butyl ethylene phosphate) (C1 and C2, respectively) were introduced to the composite. The formation of a polyester-b-poly(ethylene phosphoric acid) (PEPA) compatibilizer during composite preparation, followed by chemical binding of PEPA with pCAp, have been proved experimentally. The presence of 5 wt% of the compatibilizer provided deeper homogenization of the composite, resulting in a marked increase in strength and moduli as well as a more pronounced nucleation effect during isothermal crystallization. The use of C1 increased the thermal stability of the PLLA-based composite, containing 25 wt% of pCAp. In view of positive impacts of polyester-b-PEPA on composite homogeneity, mechanical characteristics, and thermal stability, polyester-b-PEPA will find application in the further development of composite materials for bone surgery and orthopedics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Nifant'ev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya St. 20, 101100 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Tavtorkin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Komarov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor Kretov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya St. 20, 101100 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofia Korchagina
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Chinova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Gavrilov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Ivchenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Evstifeev A, Volosevich D, Smirnov I, Yakupov B, Voropaev A, Vitokhin E, Klimova-Korsmik O. Comparative Study of the Relationship between Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy 5056 Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing and Rolling Techniques. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4327. [PMID: 37374511 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, additive manufacturing of products made from 5000 series alloys has grown in popularity for marine and automotive applications. At the same time, little research has been aimed at determining the permissible load ranges and areas of application, especially in comparison with materials obtained by traditional methods. In this work, we compared the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy 5056 produced by wire-arc additive technology and rolling. Structural analysis of the material was carried out using EBSD and EDX. Tensile tests under quasi-static loading and impact toughness tests under impact loading were also carried out. SEM was used to examine the fracture surface of the materials during these tests. The mechanical properties of the materials under quasi-static loading conditions exhibit a striking similarity. Specifically, the yield stress σ0.2 was measured at 128 MPa for the industrially manufactured AA5056_IM and 111 MPa for the AA5056_AM. In contrast, impact toughness tests showed that AA5056_AM KCVfull was 190 kJ/m2, half that of AA5056_IM KCVfull, which was 395 kJ/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Evstifeev
- Mathematics and Mechanics Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- World-Class Research Center, State Marine Technical University, Saint Petersburg 119991, Russia
| | - Darya Volosevich
- World-Class Research Center, State Marine Technical University, Saint Petersburg 119991, Russia
| | - Ivan Smirnov
- Mathematics and Mechanics Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Bulat Yakupov
- Mathematics and Mechanics Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Artem Voropaev
- World-Class Research Center, State Marine Technical University, Saint Petersburg 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Vitokhin
- World-Class Research Center, State Marine Technical University, Saint Petersburg 119991, Russia
| | - Olga Klimova-Korsmik
- World-Class Research Center, State Marine Technical University, Saint Petersburg 119991, Russia
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14
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Sokolović NM, Gavrilović-Grmuša I, Zdravković V, Ivanović-Šekularac J, Pavićević D, Šekularac N. Flexural Properties in Edgewise Bending of LVL Reinforced with Woven Carbon Fibers. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16093346. [PMID: 37176228 PMCID: PMC10180336 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of experimental testing of the bending strength and modulus of elasticity in edgewise bending of unreinforced and reinforced seven-layer LVL (laminated veneer lumber) poplar veneer panels. The aim of the research is to determine the influence of woven carbon fibers on the improvement of the bending properties and modulus of elasticity of LVL bending in the plane of the plate, as well as the influence of adhesives on the bending properties of the composite product, in order to test the potential of using this newly obtained material as a structural element. Bending was performed on small-scale samples. The main research task is the examination of three types of reinforcement, which differ from each other in position, orientation, and number of layers of reinforcement, using two different types of adhesives: epoxy adhesive and Melamine Urea Formaldehyde Resins (MUF). The composite material was produced in four different combinations in relation to the orientation and position of the reinforcement in the layup. The applied reinforcement is defined through three different configurations (EK1, EK2, and EK3) and a fourth control sample (EK4). Each configuration was produced by applying the two previously mentioned types of adhesives. The research findings showed that in the case of samples produced by applying CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) using epoxy adhesive, it significantly affected the increase in bending strength and flexural modulus of elasticity. The average improvement in bending strength is 32.9%, 33.2%, and 38.7%, i.e., the flexural modulus of elasticity is 54.1%, 50.7%, and 54.7%, respectively, for configurations EK1, EK2, and EK3, compared to control sample EK4. During the testing, the test samples from reinforced panels EK1 and EK2 showed partly plastic behavior up to the fracture point, while the diagram for the test samples from reinforced panels EK3 shows elastic behavior to a considerable extent, with a significantly smaller plastic behavior zone. This research proved the impossibility of using melamine-urea formaldehyde adhesive to form a composite product based on veneer and carbon fabric. The greatest contribution of this work is the experimentally verified and confirmed result of the possibility of applying poplar veneer to design structural elements in LVL using epoxy adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda M Sokolović
- Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Darko Pavićević
- Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad Šekularac
- Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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15
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Savu SV, Ghelsingher CD, Stefan I, Sîrbu NA, Tarniță D, Simion D, Savu ID, Bucșe IG, Țunescu T. Microwave Soldering of Low-Resistance Conductive Joints-Technical and Economic Aspects. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16093311. [PMID: 37176194 PMCID: PMC10178926 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Soldering processes are applied in the fabrication of electronic circuits used in most modern domestic and industrial technologies. This article aims to introduce a new soldering technology based on the microwave joining of copper materials used in electronic applications. The study was focused on microwave technology used as the thermal source for soldering. A simulation model of temperature distributions in copper plates with overall dimensions of 50 × 10 × 0.8 mm was developed in order to determine the necessary microwave power for soldering. For 270 °C simulated on the surface of copper plates, the microwave-injected power was determined to be 598.89 W. An experimental program for 600, 650, 700, and 750 W was set in order to achieve soldering of copper plates in less than 1 min. Soldered copper plates were subject to electrical resistance measurements being obtained with variations up to ±1.5% of the initial electrical resistance of the base materials. The quality of joints has also been analyzed through microscopy after the soldering process. In addition, mechanical properties were determined using a universal testing machine. The results have shown similar behavior of the samples layered with SAC on the one-side and double-side but also a significantly lower force before breaking for one-side-layered samples. An economic analysis was performed and the results obtained have shown that in terms of energy efficiency and total costs for microwave soldering compared with manual soldering, microwave soldering is cost-effective for industrial processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Vasile Savu
- Department of Engineering and Management of Technological Systems, Faculty of Mechanics, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Cristian Daniel Ghelsingher
- Doctoral School Academician Radu Voinea, Faculty of Mechanics, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Iulian Stefan
- Department of Engineering and Management of Technological Systems, Faculty of Mechanics, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Nicusor-Alin Sîrbu
- NRDI for Welding and Material Testing-ISIM Timișoara, 300222 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Daniela Tarniță
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanics, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Dalia Simion
- Department of Finances, Banks and Economic Analysis, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ionel Dănuț Savu
- Department of Engineering and Management of Technological Systems, Faculty of Mechanics, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ionela Gabriela Bucșe
- Department of Engineering and Management of Technological Systems, Faculty of Mechanics, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Traian Țunescu
- Doctoral School Academician Radu Voinea, Faculty of Mechanics, University of Craiova, 200585 Craiova, Romania
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16
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Thumb rubbing is one of the widely accepted massage techniques, owing to its simple and effective operation. Exploring the biomechanical characteristics of the thumb rubbing method can assist the understanding of the operating characteristics of manipulation, thereby improvising the therapeutic role of manipulation. OBJECTIVE To study the kinematic and kinetic characteristics of the thumb kneading method from the biomechanical point of view, and to quantitatively analyze the key points of thumb kneading operation. METHODS We explored the biomechanical characteristics of the thumb kneading operation by an analysis of the parameters scored by the experts and students using the "thumb kneading data glove and data collection system". RESULTS (1) Force trajectory: The expert group showed a regular force trajectory compared to the student group, with a stable thumb suction position, small drift and concentrated force. (2) Force value: The average force value of the expert group was concentrated in the range 0.614 ± 0.041 kg, while the average force value of the student group was concentrated in the range 0.650 ± 0.146 kg and the difference was not statistically significant. (3) Frequency: The frequency of the expert group was mainly concentrated in the range 134.280 ± 39.106 times/min, while that of the student group was 66.04 ± 23.651 times/min, (P< 0.05). (4) Period: The operation cycle during the thumb kneading of the expert and student groups was mainly concentrated in the range of 0.476 ± 0.117 s and (0.990 ± 0.259) s, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION The present study revealed that the technical operation of the expert group was more stable and standardized than that of the student group. It was found that the force value was inversely proportional to the frequency of the operation. In the "circular rotation" operation of the thumb rubbing method, the force value conversion degree of different parts of the thumb reflected the motion trajectory. Furthermore, the "circular rotation" operation performed by the expert group was better than the student group. The study of the parameters, including the angle of frequency, period and force value can reflect the biomechanical characteristics of thumb rubbing method to a significant extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juncheng Xie
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tangyi Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Xiangya Boai Renabilitation Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shaoxiong Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Xu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Siegler S, Taghvaei M, Zegarski R, Palmese G, Mathew R, Schayes J, Schaer T, Najafi A. A porous swelling copolymeric material for improved implant fixation to bone. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:1342-1350. [PMID: 36815442 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Most metallic commercial bone anchors, such as screws and suture anchors achieve their fixation to bone through shear of the bone located between the threads. They have several deficiencies, potentially leading to failure, which are particularly evident in low-density bone. These include stress-shielding resulting from mechanical properties mismatch; lack of mechanically induced remodeling and osteointegration; and when the pullout force on the anchor, during functional activities, exceeds their pullout strength, catastrophic failure occurs leaving behind large bone defects that may be hard to repair. To overcome these deficiencies, we introduced in this study a porous swelling co-polymeric material and studied its swelling and compressive mechanical characteristics as bone anchor under different configurations. Porosity was achieved by adding a non-dissolvable agent (NaCl) during the process of polymerization, which was later dissolved in water, leaving behind a porous structure with adequate porosity for osteointegration. Three different groups of cylindrical samples of the swelling co-polymer were investigated. Solid, fully porous, and partially porous with a solid core and a porous outer layer. The results of the swelling and simple compression study show that the partially porous swelling co-polymer maintains excellent mechanical properties matching those of cancellous bone, quick swelling response, and an adequate porous outer layer for mechanically induced osteointegration. These suggest that this material may present an effective alternative to conventional bone anchors particularly in low-density bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Siegler
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Moein Taghvaei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan Zegarski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Giuseppe Palmese
- College of Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rena Mathew
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julia Schayes
- School of Veterniary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas Schaer
- School of Veterniary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ahmad Najafi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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18
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Sharma SK, Grewal HS, Saxena KK, Mohammed KA, Prakash C, Davim JP, Buddhi D, Raju R, Mohan DG, Tomków J. Advancements in the Additive Manufacturing of Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys through Laser-Based Approach. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8122. [PMID: 36431608 PMCID: PMC9698782 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Complex structures can now be manufactured easily utilizing AM technologies to meet the pre-requisite objectives such as reduced part numbers, greater functionality, and lightweight, among others. Polymers, metals, and ceramics are the few materials that can be used in AM technology, but metallic materials (Magnesium and Aluminum) are attracting more attention from the research and industrial point of view. Understanding the role processing parameters of laser-based additive manufacturing is critical to maximize the usage of material in forming the product geometry. LPBF (Laser powder-based fusion) method is regarded as a potent and effective additive manufacturing technique for creating intricate 3D forms/parts with high levels of precision and reproducibility together with acceptable metallurgical characteristics. While dealing with LBPF, some degree of porosity is acceptable because it is unavoidable; hot ripping and cracking must be avoided, though. The necessary manufacturing of pre-alloyed powder and ductility remains to be the primary concern while dealing with a laser-based additive manufacturing approach. The presence of the Al-Si eutectic phase in AlSi10Mg and AlSi12 alloy attributing to excellent castability and low shrinkage, attaining the most attention in the laser-based approach. Related studies with these alloys along with precipitation hardening and heat treatment processing were discussed. The Pure Mg, Mg-Al alloy, Mg-RE alloy, and Mg-Zn alloy along with the mechanical characteristics, electrochemical durability, and biocompatibility of Mg-based material have been elaborated in the work-study. The review article also summarizes the processing parameters of the additive manufacturing powder-based approach relating to different Mg-based alloys. For future aspects, the optimization of processing parameters, composition of the alloy, and quality of powder material used will significantly improve the ductility of additively manufactured Mg alloy by the LPBF approach. Other than that, the recycling of Mg-alloy powder hasn't been investigated yet. Meanwhile, the post-processing approach, including a homogeneous coating on the porous scaffolds, will mark the suitability in terms of future advancements in Mg and Al-based alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar Sharma
- Surface Science and Tribology Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harpreet Singh Grewal
- Surface Science and Tribology Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar Saxena
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kahtan A. Mohammed
- Department of Medical Physics, Hilla University College, Babylon 51002, Iraq
| | - Chander Prakash
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India
| | - J. Paulo Davim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dharam Buddhi
- Division of Research & Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ramesh Raju
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College (Autonomous), Tirupathi 517102, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Dhanesh G. Mohan
- Department of Material Processing Engineering, Zhengzhou Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jacek Tomków
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-229 Gdańsk, Poland
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19
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Karimi Pour A, Mohajeri Z, Noroozinejad Farsangi E. Impact of Polypropylene Fibers on the Mechanical and Durability Characteristics of Rubber Tire Fine Aggregate Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8043. [PMID: 36431528 PMCID: PMC9693136 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the consequence of using rubber tire aggregates (RTA) on the durability and mechanical characteristics of polypropylene fibers (PF) reinforced concrete is evaluated. Fifteen concrete mixtures were produced and tested in the laboratory. RTA was utilized instead of fine natural aggregates (FNA) to the concrete at concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by a volumetric fraction; also, the contents of PF in the concrete mixtures were 0%, 1%, and 2% by weight fraction. Finally, the following parameters were tested for all the mixtures: compressive and tensile resistances, fracture, changes in drying shrinkage, bulk electrical resistivity, elastic moduli, and resonance occurrences. The control sample was the one without RTA and PF. According to the results, by adding RTA to the mixtures, the shrinkage deformation amplified, but the PF addition caused a decrease in the shrinkage deformation. Furthermore, adding 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% RTA, with 2% PF leads to an upsurge in the flexural resistance by 34%, 24%, 16%, and 6%, respectively, relative to the control sample without PF and RTA. Moreover, the fracture energy of mixtures increased by utilizing PF and RTA simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Karimi Pour
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Zahra Mohajeri
- Centre for Transportation Infrastructure Systems (CTIS), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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20
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Zhang M, Ge P, Fu Z, Dan X, Li G. Mechanical Property Test of Grass Carp Skin Material Based on the Digital Image Correlation Method. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:8364. [PMID: 36366062 PMCID: PMC9656585 DOI: 10.3390/s22218364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fish is a common and widely distributed creature. Its skin has a unique physiological structure and plays an important role in many fields. Fish skin also has important potential value for bionics research. This study aims to provide a method and a reliable data for the study of bionics. A method of measuring the mechanical properties of fish skin samples using a binocular stereo digital image correlation (DIC) system combined with a synchronous tensile testing machine was proposed. The mechanical properties (e.g., elastic modulus E and strain) of grass fish skin samples (GFSA) were tested in hydrophilic and dry states. A dual-frequency laser interferometer was used to calibrate the tensile testing machine synchronously, and the feasibility and strain accuracy of DIC in GFSA measurement were verified by finite element method (FEM). The results show differences in the mechanical properties of GFSA between different individuals, different parts, and different states. Under the same stress, the head was easy to deform, and the strain was the largest, and E was the smallest. The tail result was the opposite of the head result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Pengxiang Ge
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electrics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhongnan Fu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xizuo Dan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Guihua Li
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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21
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Ramesh B, Showman E, Abraar SAM, Saxena KK, Tharwan MY, Alsaadi N, Al Sofyani S, Elsheikh AH. Microstructure, Mechanical Characteristics, and Wear Performance of Spark Plasma Sintered TiB 2-Si 3N 4 as Affected by B 4N Doping. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7096. [PMID: 36295164 PMCID: PMC9607562 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of boron nitride (B4N) additive (3-6%) on the densification, microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear performance of TiB2-15%Si3N4 and TiB2-30%Si3N4 sintered composites. When the B4N (3%) was added to the TiB2-30Si3N4 composite, the density increased to 99.5%, hardness increased to 25.2 MPa, and the fracture toughness increased to 4.62 MPam1/2. Microstructural analysis shows that in situ phases such as TiB2 help to improve the relative mechanical characteristics. However, raising the B4N additive to 6% in the above-sintered composite reduces the composites' relative density and hardness. The tested sintered composites demonstrated that their superior wear resistance can be attributed to their increased density and hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanian Ramesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mohamed Sathak Engineering College, Kilakarai 623806, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Essmat Showman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Blue Nile, Damazeen 26613, Blue Nile State, Sudan
| | - S. A. Muhammed Abraar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, St. Joseph’s Institute of Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar Saxena
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammed Y. Tharwan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Jazan University, KSA, 114 Almarefah Rd. 45142, Jazan 82874, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Alsaadi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Rabigh Branch, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharaf Al Sofyani
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar H. Elsheikh
- Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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22
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Sucharda O, Marcalikova Z, Gandel R. Microstructure, Shrinkage, and Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Fibers and Experiments of Reinforced Concrete Beams without Shear Reinforcement. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:5707. [PMID: 36013843 PMCID: PMC9414334 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current findings on concrete with fibers show that research has focused primarily on individual aspects, especially in terms of mechanical properties and structural uses. However, no broader view of the problems solved has been provided. In this study, we present a conceptual overview of a new, comprehensive experimental program for the assessment of fiber-reinforced concrete, which includes the analysis of microstructural and structural elements, as well as specific features such as shrinkage and resistance to pressurized water. The proposed experimental program included several variants of schemes for the dosing of fibers into concrete, using steel fibers that were short and straight. Fiber dosing was performed up to 110 kg/m3. The basic tests performed included tests of the compressive strength of concrete, and of the split and flexural tensile strength for different dosing amounts. Within the structural tests of reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement, two variants of spans with different degrees of reinforcement were implemented. Herein, the test results are evaluated graphically with a detailed analysis of the positive effect of fibers, and we also provide general recommendations for the structural uses of the fibers used and the design of fiber-reinforced concrete structures. Among the important results of this experimental program was the observation of a significant increase (of the order of tens) of the percentage of the split tensile strength and an increase of the overall load-bearing capacity of the reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement. Among the important aspects of our findings is the fact that a fine-grained concrete mixture was used, which increased resistance to pressure water seepage, and therefore, the effect of shrinkage can be influenced by the method of production and the treatment of the concrete used. We also provide detailed figures of the microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oldrich Sucharda
- Department of Building Materials and Diagnostics of Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ludvíka Podéště 1875/17, 70800 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Marcalikova
- Department of Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ludvíka Podéště 1875/17, 70800 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Radoslav Gandel
- Department of Building Materials and Diagnostics of Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ludvíka Podéště 1875/17, 70800 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
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23
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Zheng D, Wu R, Sufian M, Kahla NB, Atig M, Deifalla AF, Accouche O, Azab M. Flexural Strength Prediction of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Using Artificial Intelligence. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15155194. [PMID: 35897626 PMCID: PMC9332776 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Research has focused on creating new methodologies such as supervised machine learning algorithms that can easily calculate the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced concrete. This research aims to forecast the flexural strength (FS) of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) using computational approaches essential for quick and cost-effective analysis. For this purpose, the SFRC flexural data were collected from literature reviews to create a database. Three ensembled models, i.e., Gradient Boosting (GB), Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) of machine learning techniques, were considered to predict the 28-day flexural strength of steel fiber-reinforced concrete. The efficiency of each method was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2), statistical evaluation, and k-fold cross-validation. A sensitivity approach was also used to analyze the impact of factors on predicting results. The analysis showed that the GB and RF models performed well, and the XGB approach was in the acceptable range. Gradient Boosting showed the highest precision with an R2 of 0.96, compared to Random Forest (RF) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), which had R2 values of 0.94 and 0.86, respectively. Moreover, statistical and k-fold cross-validation studies confirmed that Gradient Boosting was the best performer, followed by Random Forest (RF), based on reduced error levels. The Extreme Gradient Boosting model performance was satisfactory. These ensemble machine learning algorithms can benefit the construction sector by providing fast and better analysis of material properties, especially for fiber-reinforced concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zheng
- School of Architectural Engineering, Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo 315800, China;
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (M.S.); (A.F.D.)
| | - Rongxing Wu
- School of Architectural Engineering, Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo 315800, China;
| | - Muhammad Sufian
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (M.S.); (A.F.D.)
| | - Nabil Ben Kahla
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
- Laboratory of Systems and Applied Mechanics, Tunisia Polytechnic School, University of Carthage, La Marsa, Tunis 2078, Tunisia;
| | - Miniar Atig
- Laboratory of Systems and Applied Mechanics, Tunisia Polytechnic School, University of Carthage, La Marsa, Tunis 2078, Tunisia;
- Department of Civil Engineering, The Higher National Engineering School of Tunis, University of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Farouk Deifalla
- Structural Engineering and Construction Management Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (M.S.); (A.F.D.)
| | - Oussama Accouche
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait; (O.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Marc Azab
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait; (O.A.); (M.A.)
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24
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Li Y, Zhang Q, Kamiński P, Deifalla AF, Sufian M, Dyczko A, Kahla NB, Atig M. Compressive Strength of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Employing Supervised Machine Learning Techniques. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:4209. [PMID: 35744270 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, research has centered on developing new approaches, such as supervised machine learning techniques, that can compute the mechanical characteristics of materials without investing much effort, time, or money in experimentation. To predict the 28-day compressive strength of steel fiber–reinforced concrete (SFRC), machine learning techniques, i.e., individual and ensemble models, were considered. For this study, two ensemble approaches (SVR AdaBoost and SVR bagging) and one individual technique (support vector regression (SVR)) were used. Coefficient of determination (R2), statistical assessment, and k-fold cross validation were carried out to scrutinize the efficiency of each approach used. In addition, a sensitivity technique was used to assess the influence of parameters on the prediction results. It was discovered that all of the approaches used performed better in terms of forecasting the outcomes. The SVR AdaBoost method was the most precise, with R2 = 0.96, as opposed to SVR bagging and support vector regression, which had R2 values of 0.87 and 0.81, respectively. Furthermore, based on the lowered error values (MAE = 4.4 MPa, RMSE = 8 MPa), statistical and k-fold cross validation tests verified the optimum performance of SVR AdaBoost. The forecast performance of the SVR bagging models, on the other hand, was equally satisfactory. In order to predict the mechanical characteristics of other construction materials, these ensemble machine learning approaches can be applied.
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25
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R A, Mr S, Kushvaha V, Khan A, Seingchin S, Dhakal HN. Modification of Fibres and Matrices in Natural Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Comprehensive Review. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100862. [PMID: 35609116 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Composite materials derived from eco-friendly natural fibres and other biodegradable materials have gained prominence in industrial applications due to their sustainability and reduced greenhouse gas emissions attributes in comparison with conventional reinforcements such as glass and carbon fibres. Application of natural fibre-polymer composites (NFPCs) in different industrial applications provides competitive edge due to its lightweight, higher specific mechanical properties than glass fibres, sustainability and lesser cost involved in production. There are certain challenges associated with natural fibers and its reinforcement in composites such as poor bonding between the fibres and matrix due to its contradictory nature of characteristics, moisture absorption, lower thermal properties and poor interfacial adhesion between the natural fibre and polymer matrix. The challenges involved in NFPCs needs to be overcome to produce materials with relatively equivalent properties to that of conventional compositesand other metallic structures. Several researchers around the globe have conducted investigations with the primary attention being paid to the modification of natural fibers and matrix by employing surface treatments and other chemical treatment methods. In order to address the need for eco-friendly and sustainable materials in different domains, a comprehensive review on natural fibers and its sources, available matrix materials, modification techniques, mechanical and thermal properties of NFPCs is needed for better understanding of behavior of NFPCs.This work provides the information and wholistic view of natural fibre reinforced composites based on the results obtained from modification techniques,with the view of focusing the review in terms of different chemical and physical treatment techniques, modification of fibers and matrix and enhanced mechanical and thermal properties in the composites. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- ArunRamnath R
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sanjay Mr
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vinod Kushvaha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, India
| | - Anish Khan
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suchart Seingchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hom N Dhakal
- Advanced Polymers and Composites (APC) Research Group, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3DJ, UK
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26
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Kurkin E, Spirina M, Espinosa Barcenas OU, Kurkina E. Calibration of the PA6 Short-Fiber Reinforced Material Model for 10% to 30% Carbon Mass Fraction Mechanical Characteristic Prediction. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091781. [PMID: 35566948 PMCID: PMC9099609 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-fiber reinforced composites are widely used for the mass production of high-resistance products with complex shapes. Efficient structural design requires consideration of plasticity and anisotropy. This paper presents a method for the calibration of a general material model for stress-strain curve prediction for short-fiber reinforced composites with different fiber mass fractions. A Mori-Tanaka homogenization scheme and the J2 plasticity model with layered defined fiber orientation were used. The hardening laws: power, exponential, and exponential and linear were compared. The models were calibrated using experimental results for melt front, orientation tensor analysis, fiber length, and diameter and tension according to ISO 527-2, for samples of PA6 which were either non-reinforced, or reinforced with 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30% carbon fiber mass fractions. The novelty of this study lies in the transition from the strain-stress space to the strain-stress-fiber fraction space in the approximation of the material model parameters. We found it necessary to significantly reduce the fiber aspect ratio for the correct prediction of the mechanical characteristics of a composite using the Mori-Tanaka scheme. This deviation was caused by the ideal solution of ellipsoidal inclusion in this homogenization scheme. The calculated strength limits using Tsai-Hill failure criteria, based on strain, could be used as a first approximation for failure prediction.
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27
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Liu P, Hai R, Liu J, Huang Z. Mechanical Properties and Axial Compression Deformation Property of Steel Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete Containing High Level Fly Ash. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15093137. [PMID: 35591471 PMCID: PMC9104077 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The cement industry has brought serious environmental pollution problems. In the background of ecological civilization, accelerating rational use of waste resources plays an important role in protecting the environment. In this study, self-compacting concrete (SCC) is prepared using fly ash and lime powder as supplementary cementitious materials by replacing 50%, 60%, and 70% of ordinary Portland cement. By systematically analyzing the influence of the fly ash replacement rate on the workability and mechanical properties of SCC, steel-fiber-reinforced SCC containing 60% fly ash is chosen for further study, and steel fiber is added at the percentages of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%. The performances in fresh and hardened states are investigated in terms of workability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and axial compression deformation property. The obtained outcomes indicate that although the incorporation of fly ash can improve the workability of the mixture, there is a negative correlation between the mechanical properties of SCC and the fly ash replacement rate. For steel-fiber-reinforced SCC containing 60% fly ash, when the content of steel fibers exceeds 0.75%, the workability decreases sharply, and even when the volume fraction is 1.00%, the passing ability cannot meet the requirements of the technical specifications for applications of self-compacting concrete. The analysis results for mechanical properties show that compressive strength is not changed significantly with increasing percentage of steel fibers. The steel fibers strengthen splitting tensile strength and flexural strength significantly, and compared with that of without steel fibers, they increased by 22% and 58%, respectively, with steel fibers up to 1.00%. Additionally, the parameters of the axial compression deformation property are improved by introducing steel fibers, especially the strain energy (Vε) and relative toughness (Γ) of steel-fiber-reinforced SCC containing a high level of fly ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Ran Hai
- School of Architectural Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China;
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (Z.H.)
| | - Junxia Liu
- School of Architectural Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China;
| | - Zhiquan Huang
- Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (Z.H.)
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28
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Qin Y, Yang W, Chu H, Li Y, Cai S, Yu H, Liu L. Atomic Force Microscopy for Tumor Research at Cell and Molecule Levels. Microsc Microanal 2022; 28:1-18. [PMID: 35257653 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumors have posed a serious threat to human life and health. Researchers can determine whether or not cells are cancerous, whether the cancer cells are invasive or metastatic, and what the effects of drugs are on cancer cells by the physical properties such as hardness, adhesion, and Young's modulus. The atomic force microscope (AFM) has emerged as a key important tool for biomechanics research on tumor cells due to its ability to image and collect force spectroscopy information of biological samples with nano-level spatial resolution and under near-physiological conditions. This article reviews the existing results of the study of cancer cells with AFM. The main foci are the operating principle of AFM and research advances in mechanical property measurement, ultra-microtopography, and molecular recognition of tumor cells, which allows us to outline what we do know it in a systematic way and to summarize and to discuss future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Qin
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai264005, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai264005, China
| | - Honghui Chu
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai264005, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai264005, China
| | - Shuxiang Cai
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai264005, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang110016, China
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29
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Grdić D, Despotović I, Ristić N, Grdić Z, Ćurčić GT. Potential for Use of Recycled Cathode Ray Tube Glass in Making Concrete Blocks and Paving Flags. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:1499. [PMID: 35208038 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential to use waste glass, including cathode ray tube (CRT) glass, for making new products or as an admixture to existing ones is being intensively investigated. This kind of research intensified particularly in the period after CRT TV sets and computer monitors were replaced in the market by the advanced technology of thin film transistor (TFT) and liquid crystal display (LCD) screens. Cathode ray tube glass represents a considerable part of electronic waste (e-waste). E-waste globally increases at a far higher rate than other solid waste materials. There is a possibility to recycle cathode ray tube glass and use it in the construction industry. This paper shows the test results of physical and mechanical properties of blocks and paving flags. The reference specimen was made with quartz sand, while the other product employed a combination of quartz sand and ground panel cathode ray tube glass. The glass was ground to the fraction 0.25/1.00 mm, which corresponds to quartz sand fineness. The following tests were performed: shape and dimensions, resistance to freeze/thaw and de-icing salts, water absorption, splitting tensile strength and tensile strength by bending. Special attention was paid to the tests of Böhme wear resistance, slip resistance of the top surface of CRT products using a pendulum, radioactivity and leaching. The texture of the experimental concrete products was observed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and analyzed. The results obtained by experimental testing unequivocally show that CRT glass can successfully be used for making concrete blocks and paving flags.
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Lubimyi NS, Polshin AA, Gerasimov MD, Tikhonov AA, Antsiferov SI, Chetverikov BS, Ryazantsev VG, Brazhnik J, Ridvanov İ. Justification of the Use of Composite Metal-Metal-Polymer Parts for Functional Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:352. [PMID: 35054762 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The additive manufacturing of metal parts takes up an increasing number of areas of mechanical engineering, but it still remains too expensive for mass use. Based on the experience in the production of combined metal-metal-polymer forming parts of molds, a new method for the production of composite parts from a metal shell filled with metal-polymer is proposed. As a basis for the study, strength calculations are given by the finite element method for the details of the exoskeleton and a sample of simplified geometry. Comparison of the strength characteristics of parts made of various materials and their combinations showed high strength characteristics of a composite part made of a metal shell and a metal-polymer filler. The metal-metal polymer composite part is distinguished not only by its high strength but also by a significantly lower cost, due to the reduction in the volume of 3D printing with metal. The problems of obtaining composite structures are also discussed. The main problem is the development of a metal-polymer casting technology. The process of filling a thin-walled shell with a metal-polymer causes difficulty.
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Mendagaliyev R, Zotov O, Korsmik R, Zadykyan G, Lebedeva N, Klimova-Korsmik O. Structure and Mechanical Properties of Shipbuilding Steel Obtained by Direct Laser Deposition and Cold Rolling. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:7393. [PMID: 34885546 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study of the formation of microstructural features of low-alloy bainite-martensitic steel 09CrNi2MoCu are of particular interest in additive technologies. In this paper, we present a study of cold-rolled samples after direct laser deposition (DLD). We investigated deposited samples after cold plastic deformation with different degrees of deformation compression (50, 60 and 70%) of samples from steel 09CrNi2MoCu. The microstructure and mechanical properties of samples in the initial state and after heat treatment (HT) were analyzed and compared with the samples obtained after cold rolling. The effect on static tensile strength and impact toughness at -40 °C in the initial state and after cold rolling was investigated. The mechanical properties and characteristics of fracture in different directions were determined. Optimal modes and the degree of cold rolling deformation compression required to obtain balanced mechanical properties of samples obtained by additive method were determined. The influence of structural components and martensitic-austenitic phase on the microhardness and mechanical properties of the obtained samples was determined.
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Rodaev VV, Tyurin AI, Razlivalova SS, Korenkov VV, Golovin YI. Effect of Zirconia Nanofibers Structure Evolution on the Hardness and Young's Modulus of Their Mats. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3932. [PMID: 34833231 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zirconia nanofiber mats containing filaments with the average diameter of less than 100 nm were fabricated. It is found that the hardness and Young’s modulus of the mats are sensitive to the microstructure, phase composition and average diameter of the zirconia nanofibers. The hardness and Young’s modulus of the prepared zirconia nanofiber mats vary from 0.86 to 1.67 MPa and from 133 to 362 MPa, respectively, wherein an increase in hardness is accompanied by the rise in Young’s modulus.
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Gao W, Yang H, Wang L, Hu R. Numerical Simulations of the Soil-Rock Mixture Mechanical Properties Considering the Influence of Rock Block Proportions by PFC2D. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:5442. [PMID: 34576664 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Soil-rock mixtures (S-RMs), as a kind of special engineering geological material, need to be studied because of the special structure and complex movement mechanism of their rock blocks, their physical and mechanical properties, and the factors underlying rock block movement in the process of their deformation and failure. In this paper, a series of discrete-element numerical models are constructed in particle flow code software (PFC2D). First, the random structure numerical models of S-RMs with different rock block proportions are established. Then, the parameters of the soil meso-structure are inversed by the biaxial simulation test, and a series of biaxial compressive tests are performed. The characteristics of stress and strain, deformation and failure, and rock block rotation and energy evolution are systematically investigated. The results show the following. (1) As the rock block proportion (confining pressure 0.5 MPa) increases, the peak strength of increases, the fluctuations of the post-peak become more obvious, and the dilatancy of the sample increases. (2) As the rock block proportion increases, the width of the shear band increases, the distribution of cracks becomes more complex and dispersed, and the range of the shear zone increases. (3) The number of rock blocks with rotation also increases significantly as rock block proportion increases, and the rotation angles are mostly between −5° and 5°. (4) The strain energy of S-RMs with different rock block proportions follows the same change rule as axial strain, showing a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, like the stress–strain curve.
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Guo J, Zhang Z, Wu J, Wang H, Zhang P, Wang K, Meng Q, Xu H. Early-Age Mechanical Characteristics and Microstructure of Concrete Containing Mineral Admixtures under the Environment of Low Humidity and Large Temperature Variation. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:5085. [PMID: 34501175 DOI: 10.3390/ma14175085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of concrete containing mineral admixtures was attempted in Northwest China in this study, where the environment has the characteristics of low humidity and large temperature variation. The harsh environment was simulated by using an environmental chamber in the laboratory and four types of concrete were prepared, including ordinary concrete and three kinds of mineral admixture concretes with different contents of fly ash and blast-furnace slag. These concretes were cured in the environmental chamber according to the real curing conditions during construction. The compression strength, fracture properties, SEM images, air-void characteristics, and X-ray diffraction features were researched at the early ages of curing before 28 d. The results showed that the addition of fly ash and slag can improve the compression strength and fracture properties of concrete in the environment of low humidity and large temperature variation. The optimal mixing of mineral admixture was 10% fly ash and 20% slag by replacing the cement in concrete, which can improve the compression strength, initial fracture toughness, unstable fracture toughness, and fracture energy by 23.9%, 25.2%, 45.3%, and 22.6%, respectively, compared to ordinary concrete. Through the analysis of the microstructure of concrete, the addition of fly ash and slag can weaken the negative effects of the harsh environment of low humidity and large temperature variation on concrete microstructure and cement hydration.
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Rodaev VV, Zhigachev AO, Tyurin AI, Razlivalova SS, Korenkov VV, Golovin YI. An Engineering Zirconia Ceramic Made of Baddeleyite. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14164676. [PMID: 34443197 PMCID: PMC8401327 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Wet high-energy milling and uniaxial pressing are used to fabricate CaO-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline ceramic (Ca-TZP) with decent mechanical characteristics, i.e., a hardness of 11.5 GPa, Young’s modulus of 230 GPa, and fracture toughness of 13 MPa·m0.5. The effect of CaO concentration and the sintering temperature on phase composition and mechanical characteristics of CaO-stabilized zirconia ceramic made of baddeleyite is investigated.
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Shakour N, Khoshkhoo Z, Akhondzadeh Basti A, Khanjari A, Mahasti Shotorbani P. Investigating the properties of PLA-nanochitosan composite films containing Ziziphora Clinopodioides essential oil and their impacts on oxidative spoilage of Oncorhynchus mykiss fillets. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1299-1311. [PMID: 33747446 PMCID: PMC7958545 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the impact of polylactic acid (PLA) integrated with nanochitosan (NC) composite film and Ziziphora Clinopodioides essential oil (ZCEO) on oxidative spoilage of rainbow trout fillets during a 9-day refrigeration period. For this purpose, first, six degradable films including T1: PLA, T2: PLA + NC, T3: PLA + NC + 1% ZCEO, T4: PLA + NC + 1.5% ZCEO, T5: PLA + 1% ZCEO, and T6: PLA + 1.5% ZCEO were prepared. Next, the properties of the films were investigated. The results of the mechanical tests showed that ZCEO decreased the tensile strength and increased the elongation at the break of the PLA films. However, adding NC improved the mechanical characteristics of the PLA film. The outcomes of physical tests including moisture content (14.02%), solubility (17.41%), water vapor permeability (1.14 × 10-7 g s-1 m-1 Pa-1), and oxygen transmission rate (21.54 cm3.mm/m2.24 hr) showed that adding 1% ZCEO improved the film physical characteristics. Nevertheless, by adding 1.5% concentration EO to the PLA film, the values of water vapor permeability, porosity (according to the scanning electron microscopy), and turbidity increased and cross-sectional pores were observed. Moreover, the films had high antioxidant properties (84.33%). In the next step, the effects of the mentioned films on the oxidative spoilage of rainbow trout fillets were investigated. The results of the chemical analysis in PLA film with the EO compared with the control treatment revealed the increasing trend of oxidation indices, in general. Moreover, increasing the concentration yielded better results such that all treatments containing EO showed satisfactory results up until the storage period ends. In most cases, adding NC affected the mentioned characteristics positively, and the best results were observed in T4 and then in T3. However, based on economics and the better mechanical and physical properties of T3, the film can be applied as an active packaging in fishery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Shakour
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyNorth Tehran BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Zhaleh Khoshkhoo
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyNorth Tehran BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | | | - Ali Khanjari
- Department of Food HygieneFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Peyman Mahasti Shotorbani
- Department of Food Quality Control and HygieneScience and Research Tehran BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
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Graupner N, Lehmann KH, Weber DE, Hilgers HW, Bell EG, Walenta I, Berger L, Brückner T, Kölzig K, Randerath H, Bruns A, Frank B, Wonneberger M, Joulian M, Bruns L, von Dungern F, Janßen A, Gries T, Kunst S, Müssig J. Novel Low-Twist Bast Fibre Yarns from Flax Tow for High-Performance Composite Applications. Materials (Basel) 2020; 14:E105. [PMID: 33383738 PMCID: PMC7795702 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of natural fibres for components subjected to higher mechanical requirements tends to be limited by the high price of high-quality semi-finished products. Therefore, the present study deals with the development of more cost-effective staple fibre yarns made from flax tow. In the subsequent processing stage, the yarns were processed into quasi-unidirectional (UD) fabrics. The results of the fibre characterisation along the process chain have shown that no significant mechanical fibre damage occurs after slivers' production. Fibres prepared from yarns and fabrics show comparable characteristics. The yarns were processed to composites by pultrusion to verify the reinforcement effect. The mechanical properties were comparable to those of composites made from a high-quality UD flax roving. The fabrics were industrially processed into composite laminates using a vacuum infusion and an autoclave injection process (vacuum injection method in an autoclave). While impact strength compared to a reference laminate based on the UD flax roving was achieved, tensile and flexural properties were not reached. An analysis showed that the staple fibre yarns in the fabric show an undulation, leading to a reorientation of the fibres and lower characteristic values, which show 86-92% of the laminate made from the flax roving. Hybrid laminates with outer glass and inner flax layers were manufactured for the intended development of a leaf spring for the bogie of a narrow-gauge railroad as a demonstrator. The hybrid composites display excellent mechanical properties and showed clear advantages over a pure glass fibre-reinforced composite in lightweight construction potential, particularly flexural stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Graupner
- The Biological Materials Group, Department of Biomimetics, HSB–City University of Applied Sciences, Neustadtswall 30, D-28199 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Karl-Heinz Lehmann
- Institut für Textiltechnik of RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal Straße 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.-H.L.); (E.G.B.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.G.)
| | - David E. Weber
- The Biological Materials Group, Department of Biomimetics, HSB–City University of Applied Sciences, Neustadtswall 30, D-28199 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Hans-Willi Hilgers
- Wenzel & Hoos GmbH, Berliner Straße 35, D-36304 Alsfeld-Leusel, Germany; (H.-W.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Erik G. Bell
- Institut für Textiltechnik of RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal Straße 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.-H.L.); (E.G.B.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.G.)
| | - Isabel Walenta
- INVENT GmbH, Christian-Pommer-Straße 47, D-38112 Braunschweig, Germany; (I.W.); (M.W.); (M.J.); (F.v.D.)
| | - Luisa Berger
- NOVACOM Verstärkte Kunststoffe GmbH, Werkstraße 26, D-52076 Aachen, Germany; (L.B.); (A.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Torsten Brückner
- SachsenLeinen GmbH, August-Bebel-Straße 2, D-04416 Markkleeberg, Germany; (T.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Kay Kölzig
- SachsenLeinen GmbH, August-Bebel-Straße 2, D-04416 Markkleeberg, Germany; (T.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Herbert Randerath
- Institut für Textiltechnik of RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal Straße 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.-H.L.); (E.G.B.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.G.)
| | - Albert Bruns
- NOVACOM Verstärkte Kunststoffe GmbH, Werkstraße 26, D-52076 Aachen, Germany; (L.B.); (A.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Bernd Frank
- BAFA neu GmbH, Stephanstraße 2, D-76316 Malsch, Germany;
| | - Maik Wonneberger
- INVENT GmbH, Christian-Pommer-Straße 47, D-38112 Braunschweig, Germany; (I.W.); (M.W.); (M.J.); (F.v.D.)
| | - Marc Joulian
- INVENT GmbH, Christian-Pommer-Straße 47, D-38112 Braunschweig, Germany; (I.W.); (M.W.); (M.J.); (F.v.D.)
| | - Lisa Bruns
- NOVACOM Verstärkte Kunststoffe GmbH, Werkstraße 26, D-52076 Aachen, Germany; (L.B.); (A.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Friedrich von Dungern
- INVENT GmbH, Christian-Pommer-Straße 47, D-38112 Braunschweig, Germany; (I.W.); (M.W.); (M.J.); (F.v.D.)
| | - Alexander Janßen
- Institut für Textiltechnik of RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal Straße 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.-H.L.); (E.G.B.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.G.)
| | - Thomas Gries
- Institut für Textiltechnik of RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal Straße 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.-H.L.); (E.G.B.); (H.R.); (A.J.); (T.G.)
| | - Stefan Kunst
- Wenzel & Hoos GmbH, Berliner Straße 35, D-36304 Alsfeld-Leusel, Germany; (H.-W.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Jörg Müssig
- The Biological Materials Group, Department of Biomimetics, HSB–City University of Applied Sciences, Neustadtswall 30, D-28199 Bremen, Germany;
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Salem M, Westover L, Adeeb S, Duke K. An Equivalent Constitutive Model of Cancellous Bone With Fracture Prediction. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:1083347. [PMID: 32346728 DOI: 10.1115/1.4047080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To simulate the mechanical and fracture behaviors of cancellous bone in three anatomical directions and to develop an equivalent constitutive model. Microscale extended finite element method (XFEM) models of a cancellous specimen were developed with mechanical behaviors in three anatomical directions. An appropriate abaqus macroscale model replicated the behavior observed in the microscale models. The parameters were defined based on the intermediate bone material properties in the anatomical directions and assigned to an equivalent nonporous specimen of the same size. The equivalent model capability was analyzed by comparing the micro- and macromodels. The hysteresis graphs of the microscale model show that the modulus is the same in loading and unloading; similar to the metal plasticity models. The strength and failure strains in each anatomical direction are higher in compression than in tension. The microscale models exhibited an orthotropic behavior. Appropriate parameters of the cast iron plasticity model were chosen to generate macroscale models that are capable of replicating the observed microscale behavior of cancellous bone. Cancellous bone is an orthotropic material that can be simulated using a cast iron plasticity model. This model is capable of replicating the microscale behavior in finite element (FE) analysis simulations without the need for individual trabecula, leading to a reduction in computational resources without sacrificing model accuracy. Also, XFEM of cancellous bone compared to traditional finite element method proves to be a valuable tool to predict and model the fractures in the bone specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Lindsey Westover
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Samer Adeeb
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kajsa Duke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
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Członka S, Strąkowska A. Rigid Polyurethane Foams Based on Bio-Polyol and Additionally Reinforced with Silanized and Acetylated Walnut Shells for the Synthesis of Environmentally Friendly Insulating Materials. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E3245. [PMID: 32707810 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams produced from walnut shells-derived polyol (20 wt.%) were successfully reinforced with 2 wt.% of non-treated, acetylated, and silanized walnut shells (WS). The impact of non-treated and chemically-treated WS on the morphology, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of PUR composites was determined. The morphological analysis confirmed that the addition of WS fillers promoted a reduction in cell size, compared to pure PUR foams. Among all the modified PUR foams, the greatest improvement of mechanical characteristics was observed for PUR foams with the addition of silanized WS-the compressive, flexural, and impact strength were enhanced by 21, 16, and 13%, respectively. The addition of non-treated and chemically-treated WS improved the thermomechanical stability of PUR foams. The results of the dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed an increase in glass transition temperature and storage modulus of PUR foams after the incorporation of chemically-treated WS. The addition of non-treated and chemically-treated WS did not affect the insulating properties of PUR foams, and the thermal conductivity value did not show any significant improvement and deterioration due to the addition of WS fillers.
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Abstract
The objective of our study is to develop extended finite element method models of cancellous bone specimens that are capable of accurately predicting the onset and propagation of cracks under mechanical loading. In order to do so, previously published three-point bending test results of a single trabecula were replicated using two different extended finite element method approaches, namely, elastic-plastic-fracture and elastic-fracture that considered different configurations of the elasto-plastic properties of bone from which the best approach to fit the experimental data was identified. The behavior of a single trabecula was then used in 2D extended finite element method models to quantify the strength of the trabecular tissue of the forearm along three perpendicular anatomical axes. The results revealed that the elastic-plastic-fracture model better represented the experimental data in the model of a single trabecula. Considering the 2D trabecular specimens, the elastic fracture model predicted higher strength than the elastic-plastic-fracture model and there was no difference in stiffness between the two models. In general, the specimens exhibited higher failure strain and more ductile behavior in compression than in tension. In addition, strength and stiffness were found to be higher in tension than compression on average. It can be concluded that with proper parameters, extended finite element method is capable of simulating the ductile behavior of cancellous bone. The models are able to quantify the tensile strength of trabecular tissue in the various anatomical directions reporting an increased strength in the longitudinal direction of forearm cancellous bone tissue. Extended finite element method of cancellous bone proves to be a valuable tool to predict the mechanical characteristics of cancellous bones as a function of the microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lindsey Westover
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Samer Adeeb
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kajsa Duke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Mendagaliev R, Klimova-Korsmik O, Promakhov V, Schulz N, Zhukov A, Klimenko V, Olisov A. Heat Treatment of Corrosion Resistant Steel for Water Propellers Fabricated by Direct Laser Deposition. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13122738. [PMID: 32560311 PMCID: PMC7345910 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The urgency of heat treatment of samples of maraging steel obtained by direct laser deposition from steel powder 06Cr15Ni4CuMo is considered. The structural features and properties of 06Cr15Ni4CuMo steel samples after direct laser deposition and heat treatment are studied. The work is devoted to research into the influence of thermal processing on the formation of structure and the mechanical properties of deposit samples. Features of formation of microstructural components by means of optical microscopy are investigated. Tests for tension and impact toughness are conducted. As a result, it was established that the material obtained by the direct laser deposition method in its initial state significantly exceeds the strength characteristics of heat treatment castings of similar chemical composition, but is inferior to it in terms of impact toughness and relative elongation. The increase in relative elongation and impact toughness up to the level of cast material in the deposit samples is achieved at the subsequent heat treatment, which leads to the formation of the structure of tempered martensite and reduction in its content at two-stage tempering in the structure of the metal. The strength of the material is also reduced to the level of cast metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Mendagaliev
- Institute of Laser and Welding Technologies, St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University, St. Petersburg 190121, Russia; (R.M.); (O.K.-K.)
- Institute of Metallurgy, Mechanical Engineering and Transport, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Olga Klimova-Korsmik
- Institute of Laser and Welding Technologies, St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University, St. Petersburg 190121, Russia; (R.M.); (O.K.-K.)
- Institute of Metallurgy, Mechanical Engineering and Transport, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
- SEC Siberian Center for Industrial Design and Prototyping, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk Oblast 634050, Russia; (N.S.); (A.Z.); (V.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Vladimir Promakhov
- SEC Siberian Center for Industrial Design and Prototyping, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk Oblast 634050, Russia; (N.S.); (A.Z.); (V.K.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-962-787-21-28
| | - Nikita Schulz
- SEC Siberian Center for Industrial Design and Prototyping, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk Oblast 634050, Russia; (N.S.); (A.Z.); (V.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Alexander Zhukov
- SEC Siberian Center for Industrial Design and Prototyping, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk Oblast 634050, Russia; (N.S.); (A.Z.); (V.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Viktor Klimenko
- SEC Siberian Center for Industrial Design and Prototyping, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk Oblast 634050, Russia; (N.S.); (A.Z.); (V.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Andrey Olisov
- SEC Siberian Center for Industrial Design and Prototyping, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk Oblast 634050, Russia; (N.S.); (A.Z.); (V.K.); (A.O.)
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Liu J, Yan B, Huang G, Mou Z, Lv X, Zhang H. Study on mechanical characteristics of conductors with three-dimensional finite-element models. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:200309. [PMID: 32537226 PMCID: PMC7277264 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Refined three-dimensional (3D) finite-element (FE) models of typical aluminium conductor steel reinforced (ACSR) and formed aluminium conductor steel reinforced (FACSR) with structural details to simulate their static and dynamic characteristics are proposed. Taking into account the elastoplastic behaviour of the aluminium wires, the tensile mechanical properties and coupling between tension and torsion of the two types of conductors under tensile loading are numerically investigated. Furthermore, dynamic responses of two transmission lines, in which the refined 3D segment models and equivalent beam models of the two types of conductors are used, after ice-shedding are numerically simulated and the dynamic characteristics of the conductors are analysed. Finally, based on the numerical simulation results, the fatigue lives of the aluminium wires are estimated and the wear between the wires is discussed. It is revealed that taking into account the structural details of the conductors in the strength design of transmission lines is necessary, and the mechanical characteristics of FACSR are better than those of the ACSR in both static and dynamic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiong Liu
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yan
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Guizao Huang
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheyue Mou
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lv
- College of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibing Zhang
- State Grid Electric Power Research Institute of Chongqing Electric Power Company, Chongqing 401123, People's Republic of China
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Kong N, Li J, Zhang C, Zhang J, Li H, Wang H, Li B, Wang Y. A Study on the Mechanical Characteristics and Self-Preservation Performance of a Deployment Mechanism with a Large Exhibition Ratio during Its Gathering Process. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E1650. [PMID: 32252388 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the stress state and stability of a spiral tube and actuator for controlled extension and retraction (STACER) during the launching process of a satellite, finite element software was applied to establish a finite element model of STACER via the explicit dynamics analysis method. The influence of top rod’s radius on the gathering or so called packaging process of STACER was analyzed. The effects of surface friction coefficient and acceleration on the stability were studied during the gathering process. It was found that the top rod radius directly affects the gathering load and the deformation around the rivet of the STACER. When the spring reel is gathered, the friction coefficient between contact surfaces, and the acceleration, work on the stability of STACER. The stability of STACER can be maintained by a friction coefficient with small fluctuations. An unstable state occurs after the STACER is gathered when the direction of acceleration is parallel to the axial direction of the rivet. A mechanical test on the STACER is conducted to verify the reliability and accuracy of the model. The force trend is similar between the finite element result and experimental result. This work will contribute to the theoretical development for designing the radius of the top rod of the spring reel, the surface friction coefficient of the STACER and the position of the spring reel during the launch process of satellites.
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Cui Y, Gao K, Zhang P. Experimental and Statistical Study on Mechanical Characteristics of Geopolymer Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E1651. [PMID: 32252367 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper studies the statistical correlation in mechanical characteristics of class F fly ash based geopolymer concrete (CFGPC). Experimentally measured values of the compressive strength, elastic modulus and indirect tensile strength of CFGPC specimens made from class F fly ash (CFA) were presented and analyzed. The results were compared with those of corresponding ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPCC) using statistical hypothesis tests. Results illustrated that when possessing similar compressive and tensile strength, the elastic modulus for CFGPC is significantly lower than that of OPCC. The corresponding expressions recommended by standards for the case of OPCC is proved to be inaccurate when applied in the case of CFGPC. Statistical regression was used to identify tendencies and correlations within the mechanical characteristics of CFGPC, as well as the empirical equations for predicting tensile strength and elastic modulus of CFGPC from its compressive strength values. In conclusion, CFGPC and OPCC has significant differences in terms of the correlations between mechanical properties. The empirical equations obtained in this study could provide relatively accurate predictions on the mechanical behavior of CFGPC.
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Demina TS, Birdibekova AV, Svidchenko EA, Ivanov PL, Kuryanova AS, Kurkin TS, Khaibullin ZI, Goncharuk GP, Zharikova TM, Bhuniya S, Grandfils C, Timashev PS, Akopova TA. Solid-State Synthesis of Water-Soluble Chitosan-g-Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E611. [PMID: 32156039 PMCID: PMC7182875 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft copolymers of chitosan with cellulose ether have been obtained by the solid-state reactive mixing of chitin, sodium hydroxide and hydroxyethyl cellulose under shear deformation in a pilot twin-screw extruder. The structure and composition of the products were determined by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. The physicochemical properties of aqueous solutions of copolymers were studied as a function of the composition, and were correlated to the mechanical characteristics of the resulting films to assess the performance of new copolymers as coating materials, non-woven fibrous materials or emulsifiers for interface stabilization during the microparticle fabrication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S. Demina
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsouznaya str., Moscow 117393, Russia; (A.V.B.); (E.A.S.); (P.L.I.); (T.S.K.); (Z.I.K.); (G.P.G.); (T.A.A.)
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.S.K.); (T.M.Z.); (P.S.T.)
| | - Aisylu V. Birdibekova
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsouznaya str., Moscow 117393, Russia; (A.V.B.); (E.A.S.); (P.L.I.); (T.S.K.); (Z.I.K.); (G.P.G.); (T.A.A.)
| | - Eugenia A. Svidchenko
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsouznaya str., Moscow 117393, Russia; (A.V.B.); (E.A.S.); (P.L.I.); (T.S.K.); (Z.I.K.); (G.P.G.); (T.A.A.)
| | - Pavel L. Ivanov
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsouznaya str., Moscow 117393, Russia; (A.V.B.); (E.A.S.); (P.L.I.); (T.S.K.); (Z.I.K.); (G.P.G.); (T.A.A.)
| | - Anastasia S. Kuryanova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.S.K.); (T.M.Z.); (P.S.T.)
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tikhon S. Kurkin
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsouznaya str., Moscow 117393, Russia; (A.V.B.); (E.A.S.); (P.L.I.); (T.S.K.); (Z.I.K.); (G.P.G.); (T.A.A.)
| | - Zulfar I. Khaibullin
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsouznaya str., Moscow 117393, Russia; (A.V.B.); (E.A.S.); (P.L.I.); (T.S.K.); (Z.I.K.); (G.P.G.); (T.A.A.)
| | - Galina P. Goncharuk
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsouznaya str., Moscow 117393, Russia; (A.V.B.); (E.A.S.); (P.L.I.); (T.S.K.); (Z.I.K.); (G.P.G.); (T.A.A.)
| | - Tatiana M. Zharikova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.S.K.); (T.M.Z.); (P.S.T.)
| | - Sankarprasad Bhuniya
- Amrita Centre for Industrial Research and Innovation, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 64112, India;
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Christian Grandfils
- Interfaculty Research Centre on Biomaterials (CEIB), University of Liège, Chemistry Institute, B6C, B-4000 Liege (Sart-Tilman), Belgium;
| | - Peter S. Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russia; (A.S.K.); (T.M.Z.); (P.S.T.)
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina St., Moscow 119991, Russia
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Research center “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Pionerskaya str., Troitsk, Moscow 142190, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Akopova
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70 Profsouznaya str., Moscow 117393, Russia; (A.V.B.); (E.A.S.); (P.L.I.); (T.S.K.); (Z.I.K.); (G.P.G.); (T.A.A.)
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Wang Y, Müller WD, Rumjahn A, Schwitalla A. Parameters Influencing the Outcome of Additive Manufacturing of Tiny Medical Devices Based on PEEK. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E466. [PMID: 31963725 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the parameters of fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology used in finished parts made from polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and also the possibility of printing small PEEK parts. The published articles reporting on 3D printed PEEK implants were obtained using PubMed and search engines such as Google Scholar including references cited therein. The results indicate that although many have been experiments conducted on PEEK 3D printing, the consensus on a suitable printing parameter combination has not been reached and optimized parameters for printing worth pursuing. The printing of reproducible tiny-sized PEEK parts with high accuracy has proved to be possible in our experiments. Understanding the relationships among material properties, design parameters, and the ultimate performance of finished objects will be the basis for further improvement of the quality of 3D printed medical devices based on PEEK and to expand the polymers applications.
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Elnabawy E, Hassanain AH, Shehata N, Popelka A, Nair R, Yousef S, Kandas I. Piezoelastic PVDF/TPU Nanofibrous Composite Membrane: Fabrication and Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1634. [PMID: 31658601 PMCID: PMC6836188 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (vinylidene fluoride) nanofibers (PVDF NFs) have been extensively used in energy harvesting applications due to their promising piezoresponse characteristics. However, the mechanical properties of the generated fibers are still lacking. Therefore, we are presenting in this work a promising improvement in the elasticity properties of PVDF nanofibrous membrane through thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) additives. Morphological, physical, and mechanical analyses were performed for membranes developed from different blend ratios. Then, the impact of added weight ratio of TPU on the piezoelectric response of the formed nanofibrous composite membranes was studied. The piezoelectric characteristics were studied through impulse loading testing where the electric voltage had been detected under applied mass weights. Piezoelectric characteristics were investigated further through a pressure mode test the developed nanofibrous composite membranes were found to be mechanically deformed under applied electric potential. This work introduces promising high elastic piezoelectric materials that can be used in a wide variety of applications including energy harvesting, wearable electronics, self-cleaning filters, and motion/vibration sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Elnabawy
- Center of Smart Nanotechnology and Photonics (CSNP), SmartCI Research Center of Excellence, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed H Hassanain
- Center of Smart Nanotechnology and Photonics (CSNP), SmartCI Research Center of Excellence, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt.
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt.
| | - Nader Shehata
- Center of Smart Nanotechnology and Photonics (CSNP), SmartCI Research Center of Excellence, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt.
- Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt.
- Department of Physics, Kuwait College of Science and Technology (KCST), Jahraa 13133, Kuwait.
- Faculty of Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Anton Popelka
- Center of Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Remya Nair
- Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt.
| | - Saifallah Yousef
- Center of Smart Nanotechnology and Photonics (CSNP), SmartCI Research Center of Excellence, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt.
| | - Ishac Kandas
- Center of Smart Nanotechnology and Photonics (CSNP), SmartCI Research Center of Excellence, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt.
- Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt.
- Department of Physics, Kuwait College of Science and Technology (KCST), Jahraa 13133, Kuwait.
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Yang C, Yang X, Lan X, Zhang H, Wang M, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Zhen P. [Structure and mechanical characteristics of spinal dura mater in different segments of sheep's spine]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019; 33:232-238. [PMID: 30739422 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201807085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective To clarify the structure and biomechanical characteristics of the dura mater of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar segments of sheep, in order to provide a theoretical reference for the study of artificial dura mater. Methods Five adult male white sheep were sacrificed. The dura mater of C 5, T 10, and L 3 planes were obtained. The histological HE staining was used to observe the internal structure and the thickness of dura mater; the inner and outer surfaces morphology of the dura was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the internal structure of dura mater and to measure the diameter of collagen fibers in each part of dura mater. The dura mater of C 6, C 7, T 11, T 12, L 4, and L 5 planes were taken for uniaxial biomechanical test, and modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and elongation at break were measured. Results HE staining showed that the thickness of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar dura mater gradually decreased, and the thickness of the dura mater was (268.19±15.91), (198.16±27.25), (103.74±21.54) μm, respectively, and the differences were significant ( P<0.05). SEM observation showed that there were more collagen fibers and fewer cells on the inner surface of the dura mater, while more cells were distributed on the outer surface, and the cells on the inner and outer surface were stretched along the longitudinal axis. TEM observation showed that the collagen fibers in the dura mater were interlaced and arranged in layers. The collagen fibers in the lamina were arranged in the same direction, and the collagen fibers between the lamina were arranged vertically. The diameters of collagen fibers in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar dura mater were (68.04±21.00), (64.54±20.64), (60.36±19.65) nm, respectively, and the differences were not significant ( P>0.05). Uniaxial biomechanical tests results showed that there was no significant difference in modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and elongation at break between the axial and transverse dura mater of the cervical dura mater ( P>0.05); the axial data of thoracic and lumbar segments were significantly larger than the transverse data ( P<0.05). The axial modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and elongation at break of the dura mater of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar dura mater were significantly different ( P<0.05) from the transverse ones, and showing a decreasing trend. Among them, the ratio of axial and transverse modulus of elasticity of cervical and thoracic dura were significantly smaller than that of lumbar segment ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between cervical segments and thoracic segments ( P>0.05). Conclusion The thickness of dura mater in sheep decreased gradually from head to tail. There are more collagen fibers and fewer cells on the inner surface of dura mater, while the outer surface of dura mater is covered by cells. The collagen fiberboard layers in the dura mater are arranged alternately, and have obvious anisotropic biomechanical characteristics, and the anisotropic biomechanical characteristics get more significant from the head to the tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese PLA, Lanzhou Gansu, 730050, P.R.China
| | - Xinle Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese PLA, Lanzhou Gansu, 730050, P.R.China
| | - Xu Lan
- Department of Spine Surgery, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese PLA, Lanzhou Gansu, 730050,
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan Hubei, 430070, P.R.China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, P.R.China
| | - Yaqiang Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese PLA, Lanzhou Gansu, 730050, P.R.China
| | - Yajie Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Henan Rong Jun Hospital, Xinxiang Henan, 453000, P.R.China
| | - Ping Zhen
- Department of Spine Surgery, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese PLA, Lanzhou Gansu, 730050, P.R.China
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Shi K, Liu Z, Yang C, Li XY, Sun YM, Deng Y, Wang W, Ju XJ, Xie R, Chu LY. Novel Biocompatible Thermoresponsive Poly(N-vinyl Caprolactam)/Clay Nanocomposite Hydrogels with Macroporous Structure and Improved Mechanical Characteristics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:21979-21990. [PMID: 28603958 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly(N-vinyl caprolactam) (PVCL) hydrogels usually suffer from the imporous structure and poor mechanical characteristics as well as the toxicity of cross-linkers, although PVCL itself is biocompatible. In this paper, novel biocompatible thermoresponsive poly(N-vinyl caprolactam)/clay nanocomposite (PVCL-Clay) hydrogels with macroporous structure and improved mechanical characteristics are developed for the first time. The macroporosity in the hydrogel is introduced by using Pickering emulsions as templates, which contain N-vinyl caprolactam (VCL) monomer as dispersed phase and clay sheets as stabilizers at the interface. After polymerization, macropores are formed inside the hydrogels with the residual unreacted VCL droplets as templates. The three-dimensional PVCL polymer networks are cross-linked by the clay nanosheets. Due to the nanocomposite structure, the hydrogel exhibits better mechanical characteristics in comparison to the conventional PVCL hydrogels cross-linked by N,N'-methylene diacrylamide (BIS). The prepared PVCL-Clay hydrogel possesses remarkable temperature-responsive characteristics with a volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) around 35 °C, and provides a feasible platform for cell culture. With macroporous structure and good mechanical characteristics as well as flexible assembly performance, the proposed biocompatible thermoresponsive PVCL-Clay nanocomposite hydrogels are ideal material candidates for biomedical, analytical, and other applications such as entrapment of enzymes, cell culture, tissue engineering, and affinity and displacement chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ying Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Min Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Ju
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Rui Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Yin Chu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
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Eriksen VR, Abdolalizadeh B, Trautner S, Greisen G, Sheykhzade M. Mechanical and vasomotor properties of piglet isolated middle cerebral artery. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2017; 5:e00279. [PMID: 28596832 PMCID: PMC5461646 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Piglets are often used as experimental models for studying cerebrovascular responses in newborn infants. However, the mechanical characteristics of piglets’ middle cerebral arteries (MCA) are not well characterized. Additionally, the vessels’ response to dopamine, the most commonly used vasopressor in newborns, is not characterized in piglets’ MCA. Finally, the influence of preterm birth on the dopamine response is not known. The aim of this current was to compare by wire myography the active and passive mechanical characteristics and dopamine concentration–response relations of MCAs isolated from preterm and term newborn piglets. Second‐order branches of the MCA with a diameter <400 μm were chosen for study. The active and passive mechanical properties were comparable between vessels from six preterm (90% gestation, nsegments = 11) and nine term (nsegments = 22) newborn piglets. The response to increasing concentrations of dopamine was biphasic, starting with vasodilation in the 1 nmol/L–0.3 μmol/L concentration range followed by vasoconstriction at higher concentrations. The response was very similar between the two groups. In conclusion, the mechanical properties of the MCA as well as the response to dopamine were comparable between term and 90% gestation preterm piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke R Eriksen
- Department of Neonatology Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Bahareh Abdolalizadeh
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Simon Trautner
- Department of Neonatology Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Gorm Greisen
- Department of Neonatology Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Majid Sheykhzade
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Copenhagen Denmark
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