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Aurelian L. Replication of canine herpesvirus: I. Synthesis of viral deoxyribonucleic Acid. J Virol 2010; 4:197-202. [PMID: 16789092 PMCID: PMC375857 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.4.3.197-202.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the results of two series of experiments. The first series indicated that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from partially purified canine herpesvirus virions is characterized by a high guanine plus cytosine molar base ratio (65 to 67 mole%), similar to the DNA of herpes simplex virus. In the second series of experiments it was estimated, on the basis of uptake of tritiated thymidine, that in dog kidney cells canine herpesvirus-DNA synthesis starts at 4 hr and continues until 16 hr after infection. Treatment of infected cells with puromycin during the first 4 hr of infection blocks the onset of viral DNA synthesis, whereas, after this time the uptake of thymidine is unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Aurelian
- Departments of Microbiology and Laboratory Animal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Arii J, Kato K, Kawaguchi Y, Tohya Y, Akashi H. Analysis of herpesvirus host specificity determinants using herpesvirus genomes as bacterial artificial chromosomes. Microbiol Immunol 2009; 53:433-41. [PMID: 19659927 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2009.00147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Almost all mammalian alphaherpesviruses can grow in cells derived from several types of animals in vitro. However, FHV-1 can only infect feline cell lines. For this reason, FHV-1 should be a good model to investigate species barriers to herpesviruses in vivo. To apply bacterial mutagenesis of FHV-1, we cloned the FHV-1 genome as a BAC. Using lambda and flp recombinations, we introduced a monomeric red fluorescence protein into the C-terminus of glycoprotein D. Although GFP in the constructed recombinant FHV-1, a transfectant of the bacmid of FHV-1 that possessed the GFP, acted in non-feline cell lines, the virus could not enter non-feline cell lines, demonstrating that the host specificity of FHV-1 was restricted in an early step of infection. The host range of canine herpesvirus is limited to dogs in vitro and in vivo; it cannot enter non-canine cell lines as a result of infection but the GFP is active by transfection, revealing the same result that the restriction step is at an early stage of infection. These results suggest the possibility of breaking species barriers of FHV-1 and CHV by modifying the gene(s) that act at the early stage of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Arii
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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ROIZMAN B, AURELIAN L. ABORTIVE INFECTION OF CANINE CELLS BY HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS. I. CHARACTERIZATION OF VIRAL PROGENY FROM CO-OPERATIVE INFECTION WITH MUTANTS DIFFERING IN CAPACITY TO MULTIPLY IN CANINE CELLS. J Mol Biol 1996; 11:528-38. [PMID: 14267274 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(65)80008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
The nature of the refractoriness of C6 rat glioma cells to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) was examined. Infection of C6 cells with HSV-2 results in low virus yields, not exceeding the input virus. Although virus growth studies suggested a restricted cycle of virus replication, synthesis of HSV-2 DNA and HSV-2-specific antigens could not be detected. In addition, HSV-2 yields in C6 cells were unaffected by interferon, cycloheximide, tunicamycin, actinomycin D and cytosine arabinoside. However, trypsin, but not EDTA, treatment of infected C6 cells at 4 hours postinfection (p.i.) reduced maximal HSV-2 yields at 24 hours p.i. by 61 percent. These data: 1) indicate that HSV-2 fails to replicate in C6 cells and is prohibited from directing the synthesis of virus macromolecules; and 2) suggests that the increment of HSV-2 yields observed during the synthesis phase of the virus growth cycle represents re-envelopment and egress of a portion of the input virus.
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Schrom M, Bablanian R. Altered cellular morphology resulting from cytocidal virus infection. Arch Virol 1981; 70:173-87. [PMID: 7034686 DOI: 10.1007/bf01315124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Campadelli-Fiume G, Costanzo F, Foa'-Tomasi L. Restriction of herpes simplex virus by Ama 1 cells. An analysis of viral macromolecule synthesis. Arch Virol 1980; 64:197-211. [PMID: 6250513 DOI: 10.1007/bf01322700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ama 1 cells, and alpha-amanitin-resistant subline of CHO cells, restricted herpes simplex virus-1 and -2 replication. The infection was characterized by i) induction of typical cytopathology; ii) appearance of all the major virus proteins, glycoproteins and DNA earlier than in HEp-2 cells, followed by shut off of virus macromolecule synthesis; iii) defective maturation of viral particles, i.e. scarce assembly and lack of envelopment. The early shut off of viral DNA and protein synthesis, and the altered glycoprotein pattern may account for herpes simplex virus restriction.
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Palenzona AM, Sinibaldi P, Costanzo F, Cassai E. Influence of genetic and physiological properties of the host cell on the cytopathic expression of herpes simplex virus. Arch Virol 1979; 61:127-40. [PMID: 229788 DOI: 10.1007/bf01320597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two plaque morphology variants, a cell aggregating variant and a syncytial variant, were isolated from MDBK cells infected with the MP mutant of herpes simplex virus, type 1. The variants differed in the polypeptides produced in infected MDBK cells. The properties of the variants were stable on passage in cells and both variants produced only syncytia in KB and Hep-2 cells. The physiological state of MDBK cells influenced the cytopathological expression of the infecting virus, so that, under certain conditions, each variant could shift from one type of plaque morphology to the other. However, attempts to correlate this plaque morphology shift with a difference in the glycopolypeptides synthesized in the infected cells were unsuccessful.
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Patterson WR, Gauntt CJ. Production of group- and type-specific antigens during non-permissive infection of dog kidney cells with herpes simplex virus type 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1978; 80:243-51. [PMID: 203280 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)91129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
The central theme of this communication is the recognition of an immunodiagnostic potential in a herpes virus antigen, the molecular interrelationship of which with cervical tumor cells is described. In addition to the productive infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) we are confronted by latency and, as suggested by recent studies, by cancer. These different types of virus-host cell interactions are discussed at the host, as well as at the cellular level. A defined level of molecular interaction between host and viral gene products must exist if the virus is to co-exist with the host, as is the case in latency and carcinogenesis. The molecular interpretations posit the presence, in the squamous cervical tumor cells, of a product of the expression of the viral genome that has immunodiagnostic potential. The antigen designated AG-4 fulfills these predictions and appears to have immunodiagnostic potential. AG-4 is present in cervical tumor biopsies, but not in normal cervical tissue. It is a structural component of the HSV-2 virion that, in tissue cultures infected with HSV-2, is synthesized preferentially under conditions that prevent the normal replication of the virus. In view of its structural nature it is most probably virus-coded. AG-4 antibody identified in complement fixation assays with antigen prepared in tissue culture, disappears following successful tumor removal and reappears during cancer recurrence. This antibody also potentially identifies those patients with cervical atypia that are at high risk of neoplastic progression. The clinical benefits of the assay are evident.
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Carritt B, Goldfarb P. A human chromosomal determinant for susceptibility to herpes simplex virus. Nature 1976; 264:556-8. [PMID: 1034214 DOI: 10.1038/264556a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Lerche W, Schmolke B. [Clinical, light- and electron-microscopic investigations on the effect of 5-ethyl-2-deoxyuridine (EDU) in herpes simplex keratitis in rabbits (author's transl)]. ALBRECHT VON GRAEFES ARCHIV FUR KLINISCHE UND EXPERIMENTELLE OPHTHALMOLOGIE. ALBRECHT VON GRAEFE'S ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY 1975; 197:215-28. [PMID: 1082269 DOI: 10.1007/bf00410866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Morphologic changes in rabbit cornea accompanying herpes simplex keratitis especially under the treatment of ethyldeoxyuridine (EDU) are summarized in regard to clinical aspects, light microscopy and electron microscopy. Untreated eyes show virus-dependent characteristic changes of the cell structure: peripheral migration of the cell chromatin, swelling of the nucleus, and disappearance of the nucleolus are persistent. In the nucleus as well as in the cytoplasm mature and immature virus particles are visible which demonstrate the normal virus-replication course. In the EDU treated cornea these particular changes are observed only in the primary stage. After prolonged treatment in the nucleus of the infected cells there are only immature virus particles with optically empty center. This can be evaluated as a sign of inhibition of the normal replication. No virus formation was detected in the cytoplasm. After 7 day treatment of EDU, the corneal epithelium is almost of normal structural appearance. Accordingly, the present results on the rabbit seem to correlate well with the reported therapeutic antiherpetic studies in the human cornea.
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Rweyemamu MM, Johnson RH, Gibbs EP. Studies on cell cultures persistently infected with bovine herpes mammillitis virus. The possible role of deionised water in inducing a carrier status. THE BRITISH VETERINARY JOURNAL 1972; 128:611-8. [PMID: 4647702 DOI: 10.1016/s0007-1935(17)36633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Radsak KD, Freise HW. Stimulation of mitochondrial DNA synthesis in HeLa cells by Herpes simplex virus. LIFE SCIENCES. PT. 2: BIOCHEMISTRY, GENERAL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1972; 11:717-24. [PMID: 4348287 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(72)90055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Rudneva IA, Korabelnikova NI, Germanov AB, Sokolov MI, Fadeeva LL. Study of interferonogenic activity of herpes simplex virus. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1972; 37:1-5. [PMID: 4336963 DOI: 10.1007/bf01241144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Hampar B, Hsu KC, Martos LM, Walker JL. Serologic evidence that a herpes-type virus is the etiologic agent of heterophile-positive infectious mononucleosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1971; 68:1407-11. [PMID: 4327001 PMCID: PMC389205 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.68.7.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibody activity against herpes-type virus (HTV) of heterophile-positive infectious mononucleosis sera and "normal" sera from humans was determined with immunoferritin. The antiviral activity of the mononucleosis sera was associated with the IgM antibodies, while the antiviral activity of the "normal" human sera was associated with the IgG antibodies. It was concluded from these findings that the appearance of antibodies to herpes-type virus in heterophile-positive sera represents a primary immunogenic exposure to this virus, or to a serologically related virus. This conclusion, in turn, suggests that herpes-type virus or a serologically related virus is the etiologic agent of heterophile-positive mononucleosis.
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Morris VL, Wagner EK, Roizman B. RNA synthesis in cells infected with herpes simplex virus. 3. Absence of virus-specified arginyl- and seryl-tRNA in infected HEp-2 cells. J Mol Biol 1970; 52:247-63. [PMID: 4320939 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Nally FF, James JD. Primary herpes simplex. Report of an unusual case. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, AND ORAL PATHOLOGY 1970; 29:680-8. [PMID: 5265876 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(70)90264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Tegtmeyer P, Enders JF. Feline herpesvirus infection in fused cultures of naturally resistant human cells. J Virol 1969; 3:469-76. [PMID: 4306719 PMCID: PMC375796 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.3.5.469-476.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline herpesvirus (FHV) attaches to, but does not penetrate, naturally resistant human embryonic lung cells. When the cells with attached virus are subsequently fused with inactivated Sendai virus, FHV causes characteristic cytopathic effects, but no infectious virus can be recovered from the infected cells.
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Takemori N, Riggs JL, Aldrich CD. Genetic studies with tumorigenic adenoviruses. II. Heterogeneity of cyt mutants of adenovirus type 12. Virology 1969; 38:8-15. [PMID: 5784054 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(69)90122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Schwartz J, Roizman B. Concerning the egress of herpes simplex virus from infected cells: electron and light microscope observations. Virology 1969; 38:42-9. [PMID: 4306525 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(69)90126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Zebovitz E, Brown A. Temperature-sensitive steps in the biosynthesis of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. J Virol 1967; 1:128-34. [PMID: 4990034 PMCID: PMC375513 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.1.1.128-134.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to Eastern equine encephalitis virus, the replication of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus was strongly inhibited at 44 C in chick embryo cells. The inhibited steps were analyzed by shifting the incubating temperatures up or down, and by determining during the shifts the rate and extent of infectious ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis, intact virus synthesis, and formation of complement-fixing antigen or of antigen detectable by a direct fluorescent-antibody technique. The inhibition appeared to be due to two temperature-sensitive steps involved in the synthesis of VEE virus in chick embryo cells. The first step of inhibition at 44 C occurred early in virus replication and could be completely reversed simply by transferring cultures to 37 C. The inhibition appeared to take place at some point between the time when the virus entered the cell and was uncoated and the beginning of viral RNA synthesis. The second temperature-sensitive step in VEE virus synthesis was irreversible; it occurred at a point after the synthesis of viral RNA, and before the formation of virus protein measured as complement-fixing antigen or as antigen that could be stained with fluorescent antibody.
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Taktikos A, Aurelian L. Experimental study of the disease of the corneal stroma caused by herpes simplex virus. Am J Ophthalmol 1966; 62:1136-41. [PMID: 5957888 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9394(66)92565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Morris VL, Spear PG, Roizman B. Some biophysical properties of frog viruses and their DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1966; 56:1155-7. [PMID: 4961525 PMCID: PMC220026 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.56.4.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Aurelian L, Wagner RR. Two populations of herpes virus virions which appear to differ in physical properties and DNA composition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1966; 56:902-9. [PMID: 4291227 PMCID: PMC219945 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.56.3.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Hampar B. Persistent cyclic herpes simplex virus infection in vitro. II. Localization of virus, degree of cell destruction, and mechanisms of virus transmission. J Bacteriol 1966; 91:1959-64. [PMID: 4287078 PMCID: PMC316151 DOI: 10.1128/jb.91.5.1959-1964.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hampar, Berge (National Institute of Dental Research, Bethesda, Md.). Persistent cyclic herpes simplex virus infection in vitro. II. Localization of virus, degree of cell destruction, and mechanisms of virus transmission. J. Bacteriol. 91:1959-1964. 1966. The localization of virus, degree of cell destruction, and mechanisms of virus transmission in persistent herpes simplex virus-infected cultures were studied. The major fraction of infectious virus was associated with the medium and a minor fraction was associated with the attached cells. Virus in the medium was further separable into a sedimentable (cellular) fraction and a nonsedimentable (extracellular) fraction. The sedimentable fraction was comprised of cellular debris, most of which appeared to contain viral antigen, and intact cells of which less than 10% contained infectious virus. Cell destruction during the cycle involved more than 99.9% of the maximal number of cells present. Infection could be transmitted by extracellular virus, cell-to-cell transfer, and reattachment of infectious cellular material. The results indicated that transmission by reattachment was probably mediated through the cellular debris rather than the intact cells.
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Roizman B. Abortive infection of canine cells by herpes simplex virus. 3. The interference of conditional lethal virus with an extended host range mutant. Virology 1965; 27:113-7. [PMID: 4283989 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(65)90148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Munk K, Fischer H. Fluoreszenzimmunologische Unterschiede bei Herpes-simplex- Virus-St�mmen. Arch Virol 1965. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01245245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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