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Sipka T, Park SA, Ozbilgic R, Balas L, Durand T, Mikula K, Lutfalla G, Nguyen-Chi M. Macrophages undergo a behavioural switch during wound healing in zebrafish. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 192:200-212. [PMID: 36162743 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In response to wound signals, macrophages are immediately recruited to the injury where they acquire distinct phenotypes and functions, playing crucial roles both in host defense and healing process. Although macrophage phenotypes have been intensively studied during wound healing, mostly using markers and expression profiles, the impact of the wound environment on macrophage shape and behaviour, and the underlying mechanisms deserve more in-depth investigation. Here, we sought to characterize the dynamics of macrophage recruitment and behaviour during aseptic wounding of the caudal fin fold of the zebrafish larva. Using a photo-conversion approach, we demonstrated that macrophages are recruited to the wounded fin fold as a single wave where they switch their phenotype. Intravital imaging of macrophage shape and trajectories revealed that wound-macrophages display a highly stereotypical set of behaviours and change their shape from amoeboid to elongated shape as wound healing proceeds. Using a pharmacological inhibitor of 15-lipoxygenase and protectin D1, a specialized pro-resolving lipid, we investigated the role of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in macrophage behaviour. While inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase using PD146176 or Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) decreases the switch from amoeboid to elongated shape, protectin D1 accelerates macrophage reverse migration and favours elongated morphologies. Altogether, our findings suggest that individual macrophages at the wound switch their phenotype leading to important changes in behaviour and shape to adapt to changing environment, and highlight the crucial role of lipid metabolism in the control of macrophage behaviour plasticity during inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Sipka
- LPHI, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Seol Ah Park
- Department of Mathematics and Descriptive Geometry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Laurence Balas
- IBMM, UMR5247, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- IBMM, UMR5247, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Karol Mikula
- Department of Mathematics and Descriptive Geometry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia
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El Maaiden E, El Kharrassi Y, Qarah NAS, Essamadi AK, Moustaid K, Nasser B. Genus Ziziphus: A comprehensive review on ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological properties. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112950. [PMID: 32450235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Ziziphus (Rhamnaceae) contains 58 accepted species that are extensively used by local people and medicinal practitioners in arid and semi-arid regions for the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera, diabetic, hypertension, inflammation, intestinal spasm, liver, malaria and other diseases. Aims of this review: This review article documents and critically assesses, for the first time; up to date categorized information about botanical traits, distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological and toxicological effects of Ziziphus species. METHODS Information was collected systematically from electronic scientific databases including Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, ACS Publications, Elsevier, SciFinder, Wiley Online Library and CNKI, as well as other literature sources (e.g., books). KEY FINDINGS The phytochemical investigations of plants of this genus have led to the identification of about 431 chemical constituents. Cyclopeptide alkaloids and flavonoids are the predominant groups. The crude extracts and isolated compounds exhibit a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacologic effects, including antimicrobial, antitumour, antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. Toxicity studies indicate that Ziziphus species seems to be non-toxic at typical therapeutic doses. CONCLUSION Phytochemical and pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Ziziphus species are important medicinal herbs with prominent bioactivities. The focus so far has only been on ten species; however, plants of this genus can potentially yield a wide range of other products with different properties. Meticulous studies on pharmaceutical standardisation, mode of action of the active constituents and toxicity of Ziziphus species are needed to meet the growing demands of the pharmaceutical industry and to exploit their preventive and therapeutic potential fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzouhra El Maaiden
- Department of Biology, University of Hassan I, BP 577, 26000, Settat, Morocco; Department of Chemistry, University of Hassan I, BP 577, 26000, Settat, Morocco
| | | | - Nagib A S Qarah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education- Zabid, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen
| | | | - Khadija Moustaid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hassan I, BP 577, 26000, Settat, Morocco
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Department of Biology, University of Hassan I, BP 577, 26000, Settat, Morocco.
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Hasani S, Alizadeh E. Antioxidant Effects of Grape Pomace on the Quality of Silver Carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)Fillets During Refrigerated Storage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2014.900786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Differential effects of Bcl-2 and caspases on mitochondrial permeabilization during endogenous or exogenous reactive oxygen species-induced cell death. Cell Biol Toxicol 2012; 28:239-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-012-9219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kong Q, Ren X, Hu N, Sun C, Pan Y. Identification of isomers of resveratrol dimer and their analogues from wine grapes by HPLC/MSn and HPLC/DAD-UV. Food Chem 2011; 127:727-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Arabidopsis CPR5 independently regulates seed germination and postgermination arrest of development through LOX pathway and ABA signaling. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19406. [PMID: 21556325 PMCID: PMC3083440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and the lipoxygenases (LOXs) pathway play important roles in seed germination and seedling growth and development. Here, we reported on the functional characterization of Arabidopsis CPR5 in the ABA signaling and LOX pathways. The cpr5 mutant was hypersensitive to ABA in the seed germination, cotyledon greening and root growth, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing CPR5 were insensitive. Genetic analysis demonstrated that CPR5 gene may be located downstream of the ABI1 in the ABA signaling pathway. However, the cpr5 mutant showed an ABA independent drought-resistant phenotype. It was also found that the cpr5 mutant was hypersensitive to NDGA and NDGA treatment aggravated the ABA-induced delay in the seed germination and cotyledon greening. Taken together, these results suggest that the CPR5 plays a regulatory role in the regulation of seed germination and early seedling growth through ABA and LOX pathways independently.
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New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: what is beyond fibre? Nutr Res Rev 2010; 23:65-134. [PMID: 20565994 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422410000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 587] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have clearly shown that whole-grain cereals can protect against obesity, diabetes, CVD and cancers. The specific effects of food structure (increased satiety, reduced transit time and glycaemic response), fibre (improved faecal bulking and satiety, viscosity and SCFA production, and/or reduced glycaemic response) and Mg (better glycaemic homeostasis through increased insulin secretion), together with the antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic properties of numerous bioactive compounds, especially those in the bran and germ (minerals, trace elements, vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols and alkylresorcinols), are today well-recognised mechanisms in this protection. Recent findings, the exhaustive listing of bioactive compounds found in whole-grain wheat, their content in whole-grain, bran and germ fractions and their estimated bioavailability, have led to new hypotheses. The involvement of polyphenols in cell signalling and gene regulation, and of sulfur compounds, lignin and phytic acid should be considered in antioxidant protection. Whole-grain wheat is also a rich source of methyl donors and lipotropes (methionine, betaine, choline, inositol and folates) that may be involved in cardiovascular and/or hepatic protection, lipid metabolism and DNA methylation. Potential protective effects of bound phenolic acids within the colon, of the B-complex vitamins on the nervous system and mental health, of oligosaccharides as prebiotics, of compounds associated with skeleton health, and of other compounds such as alpha-linolenic acid, policosanol, melatonin, phytosterols and para-aminobenzoic acid also deserve to be studied in more depth. Finally, benefits of nutrigenomics to study complex physiological effects of the 'whole-grain package', and the most promising ways for improving the nutritional quality of cereal products are discussed.
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Kong Q, Ren X, Jiang L, Pan Y, Sun C. Scirpusin A, a hydroxystilbene dimer from Xinjiang wine grape, acts as an effective singlet oxygen quencher and DNA damage protector. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:823-828. [PMID: 20355118 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grapes and red wines are rich sources of phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins, catechins, flavonols and stilbenes, most of which are potent antioxidants showing cardioprotective properties. We first isolated scirpusin A, a hydroxystilbene dimer, from a wine grape of Xinjiang, and studied its antioxidant activity. RESULTS Reactive oxygen species scavenging effects and the protection against reactive singlet oxygen-induced DNA damage of scirpusin A have been investigated in our experiments. The concentration of scirpusin A required to inhibit 50% of (1)O(2) generation was 17 micromol L(-1), while addition of scirpusin A at 140 micromol L(-1) caused complete inhibition. Further kinetic study revealed that the reaction of Scirpusin A with singlet oxygen has an extremely high rate constant (k(a) = 4.68 x 10(9) L mol(-1) s(-1)). Scirpusin A (140 micromol L(-1)) exhibited significant inhibition effects on pBR322 DNA breakage. However, scavenging effects of scirpusin A on superoxide anion O(2) (*-) and hydroxyl radical .OH were not potent as the inhibitor rates at a concentration of 1400 micromol L(-1) were 28.83% and 19.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION The present study shows that scirpusin A is a selective quencher of singlet oxygen and a protector against reactive singlet oxygen-induced pBR322 DNA damage at very low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Hogan S, Zhang L, Li J, Zoecklein B, Zhou K. Antioxidant properties and bioactive components of Norton (Vitis aestivalis) and Cabernet Franc (Vitis vinifera) wine grapes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kudolo GB, Wang W, Dorsey S, Blodgett J. Oral Ingestion ofGinkgo bilobaExtract Reduces Thiobarbituric Acid Reacting (TBAR) Substances in Washed Platelets of Healthy Subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/j157v03n04_01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Li F, Pham JD, Anderson MO, Youngren JF. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid inhibits transforming growth factor beta type 1 receptor activity and downstream signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 616:31-7. [PMID: 19540220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been well documented that nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a phenolic lignan isolated from the creosote bush, Larrea tridentate, has anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo. Several mechanisms have been identified that could contribute to these actions, as NDGA directly inhibits metabolic enzymes and receptor tyrosine kinases that are established anti-cancer targets. In the present study, we show that NDGA inhibits the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) type I receptor, a serine threonine kinase receptor. In cultured cells, NDGA treatment repressed Smad2 phosphorylation induced by TGF-beta treatment and by a constitutively active mutant of TGF-beta type I receptor (T202D). NDGA also inhibited downstream transcriptional activation mediated by both TGF-beta treatment and the constitutively active mutant receptor. In vitro, NDGA inhibited TGF-beta type I receptor mediated Smad2 phosphorylation in crude cell lysates and in a purified preparation. Importantly, screening select analogs demonstrated that modification of NDGA's structure resulted in altered potency against the receptor. These results indicated that the structure of NDGA can be modified to achieve increased potency. Together our data provide a novel mechanism for NDGA activity which could help explain its anti-cancer activity, and suggest that NDGA could serve as a structural motif for developing serine/threonine kinase inhibitors with selectivity for TGF-beta type I receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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12
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Kurusu S, Jinno M, Ehara H, Yonezawa T, Kawaminami M. Inhibition of ovulation by a lipoxygenase inhibitor involves reduced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production in gonadotropin-primed immature rats. Reproduction 2009; 137:59-66. [PMID: 19117969 DOI: 10.1530/rep-08-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Potential roles of cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism are established in a murine model of induced ovulation. Pharmacological inhibition of an alternative lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway has been shown to cause defective ovulation, but the mechanism is still undefined. This study investigated the effects of two LOX inhibitors and their time dependency on ovulation and COX activity in gonadotropins (eCG and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG))-primed immature rats. Intra-ovarian bursal treatment with a general LOX inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) at 0 h post-hCG (hCG0h) dose dependently inhibited ovulation rate. The drug was still but less effective when treated at hCG6h. A more specific inhibitor, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol (DPE) was also inhibitory when treated at hCG0h but not at hCG6h. Interestingly, treatment with DPE at hCG0h resulted in attenuated expression of immunoreactive PTGS2 in granulosa layers and concomitant decrease in ovarian prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) content at hCG8h. NDGA treatment reduced immunoreactive PTGS2. Ovulatory impairment by both inhibitors was prevented by systemic administration of PGE(2) at hCG6h. Immunohistochemistry revealed the expression of ALOX5 and ALOX12 in both thecal and granulosa layers of preovulatory follicles and, notably, the augmented immunoreactivities during 8 h after hCG treatment. Our results indicate the probable presence of multiple LOX isoforms and that specific inhibition of LOX at an early stage of hCG-signaling led to reduced PTGS2 activity and thus defective ovulation. They reveal a probable relationship between two pathways of AA metabolism and account at least partly for the mechanism by which the LOX inhibitor causes impaired ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Kurusu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Aomori, Japan.
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13
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Matsuura R, Moriyama H, Takeda N, Yamamoto K, Morita Y, Shimamura T, Ukeda H. Determination of antioxidant activity and characterization of antioxidant phenolics in the plum vinegar extract of cherry blossom (Prunus lannesiana). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:544-549. [PMID: 18092753 DOI: 10.1021/jf0717992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sakura-cha (salted cherry blossom tea) is a Japanese tea that is traditionally served at celebrations such as wedding ceremonies. The production of Sakura-cha includes the immersion of cherry blossom flowers in Japanese plum vinegar, and through this process, the byproduct (plum vinegar extract of cherry blossom) is obtained. In this study, the antioxidant activity of the plum vinegar extract of cherry blossom was examined. The plum vinegar extract of cherry blossom had a greater superoxide anion scavenging activity compared with red wine, which is a well-known strong antioxidant. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, and caffeic acid were the major components in the phenolic extract prepared from plum vinegar extract of cherry blossom, and they possessed superoxide anion scavenging activity. Caffeic acid is mainly responsible for the scavenging activity of phenolic extract; the contributions of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside were minor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritaro Matsuura
- Department of Bioresources Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Monobe B-200, Nankoku 783-8502, Japan
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Blecha JE, Anderson MO, Chow JM, Guevarra CC, Pender C, Penaranda C, Zavodovskaya M, Youngren JF, Berkman CE. Inhibition of IGF-1R and lipoxygenase by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4026-9. [PMID: 17502145 PMCID: PMC2253493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 04/21/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we pursue the hypothesis that the structure of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) can be refined for selective potency against the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer while diminishing its action against other cellular targets. Thus, a set of NDGA analogs (7a-7h) was prepared and examined for inhibitory potency against IGF-1R kinase and an alternative target, 15-lipoxygenase (15 LOX). The anti-cancer effects of these compounds were determined by their ability to inhibit IGF-1 mediated cell growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The design of the analogs was based upon a cursory Topliss approach in which one of NDGA's aromatic rings was modified with various substituents. Structural modification of one of the two catechol rings of NDGA was found to have little effect upon the inhibitory potency against both kinase activity of the IGF-1R and IGF-1 mediated cell growth of MCF-7 cells. 15-LOX was found to be most sensitive to structural modifications of NDGA. From the limited series of NDGA analogs examined, the compound that exhibited the greatest selectivity for IGF-1 mediated growth compared to 15-LOX inhibition was a cyclic analog 7h with a framework similar to a natural product isolated from Larrea divaricata. The results for 7h are significant because while NDGA displays biological promiscuity, 7h exhibits greater specificity toward the breast cancer target IGF-1R with that added benefit of possessing a 10-fold weaker potency against 15-LOX, an enzyme which has a purported tumor suppressing role in breast cancer. With increased specificity and potency, 7h may serve as a new lead in developing novel therapeutic agents for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132-4163, USA
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Núñez-Delicado E, Serrano-Megías M, Pérez-López AJ, López-Nicolás JM. Characterization of polyphenol oxidase from Napoleon grape. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Schewe T, Rapoport SM, Kühn H. Enzymology and physiology of reticulocyte lipoxygenase: comparison with other lipoxygenases. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 58:191-272. [PMID: 3087141 DOI: 10.1002/9780470123041.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Failla M, Genovese T, Mazzon E, Gili E, Muià C, Sortino M, Crimi N, Caputi AP, Cuzzocrea S, Vancheri C. Pharmacological inhibition of leukotrienes in an animal model of bleomycin-induced acute lung injury. Respir Res 2006; 7:137. [PMID: 17118201 PMCID: PMC1676006 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-7-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes are increased locally in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, a role for these arachidonic acid metabolites has been thoroughly characterized in the animal bleomycin model of lung fibrosis by using different gene knock-out settings. We investigated the efficacy of pharmacological inhibition of leukotrienes activity in the development of bleomycin-induced lung injury by comparing the responses in wild-type mice with mice treated with zileuton, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor and MK-571, a cys-leukotrienes receptor antagonist. Mice were subjected to intra-tracheal administration of bleomycin or saline and were assigned to receive either MK-571 at 1 mg/Kg or zileuton at 50 mg/Kg daily. One week after bleomycin administration, BAL cell counts, lung histology with van Gieson for collagen staining and immunohistochemical analysis for myeloperoxidase, IL-1 and TNF-α were performed. Following bleomycin administration both MK-571 and zileuton treated mice exhibited a reduced degree of lung damage and inflammation when compared to WT mice as shown by the reduction of:(i) loss of body weight, (ii) mortality rate, (iii) lung infiltration by neutrophils (myeloperoxidase activity, BAL total and differential cell counts), (iv) lung edema, (v) histological evidence of lung injury and collagen deposition, (vi) lung myeloperoxidase, IL-1 and TNF-α staining. This is the first study showing that the pharmacological inhibition of leukotrienes activity attenuates bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice. Given our results as well as those coming from genetic studies, it might be considered meaningful to trial this drug class in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, a disease that still represents a major challenge to medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Failla
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Medicine, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Centro per lo Studio e il Trattamento dei Neurolesi Lungodegenti, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Centro per lo Studio e il Trattamento dei Neurolesi Lungodegenti, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Elisa Gili
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Medicine, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo Muià
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Centro per lo Studio e il Trattamento dei Neurolesi Lungodegenti, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariangela Sortino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Crimi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Medicine, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Achille P Caputi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Centro per lo Studio e il Trattamento dei Neurolesi Lungodegenti, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Centro per lo Studio e il Trattamento dei Neurolesi Lungodegenti, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carlo Vancheri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Medicine, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Kongkathip B, Sangma C, Kirtikara K, Luangkamin S, Hasitapan K, Jongkon N, Hannongbua S, Kongkathip N. Inhibitory effects of 2-substituted-1-naphthol derivatives on cyclooxygenase I and II. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:2167-75. [PMID: 15727869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2004] [Revised: 12/28/2004] [Accepted: 12/29/2004] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Naphthol derivatives, 2-(3'-hydroxypropyl)-naphthalen-1-ol (2), 2-(3'-hydroxy-2'-methylpropyl)-naphthalen-1-ol (3) and 2-(3'-hydroxy-2',2'-dimethylpropyl)-naphthalen-1-ol (7) were synthesized and already reported by our group. Therefore in this paper we described further synthesis of their ether derivatives, 3-(1-methoxy-naphthalen-2-yl)-propan-1-ol (4), 3-(1-methoxy-naphthalen-2-yl)-2methyl-propan-1-ol (5), 3-(1-methoxy-naphthalen-2-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-propan-1-ol (8), 2-(3-methoxy-propyl)-naphthalen-1-ol (10) and 2-(3-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-naphthalen-1-ol (13). Compounds 4, 5 and 8 were prepared by methylation of compounds 2, 3 and 7, respectively while compounds 10 and 13 were prepared in good yield from naphthols 2 and 7, respectively. When tested for inhibitory activity, five compounds (2, 3, 7, 10 and 13) showed preferential inhibition of COX-2 over COX-1, while compounds 4, 5 and 8 lacked inhibitory effect on either the COX-1 or COX-2 isozyme. The structure-activity relationships of these naphthols analyzed by docking experiments, indicated that the presence of hydroxyl group at C-1 position on the naphthalene nucleus enhanced the anti-inflammatory activity towards COX-2 via hydrogen bonding to the COX-2 Val 523 side chain. When this hydroxyl group was replaced by methoxy group, there was no inhibition. C-2' Dimethyl substituents on the propyl chain also increased the inhibitory activity. All active compounds have the C-1 hydroxyl group aligned so as to form hydrogen bond with Val 523. The results provide a model for the binding of the naphthol derivatives to COX-2 and facilitate the design of more potent or selective analogs prior to synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boonsong Kongkathip
- Natural Products and Organic Synthesis Research Unit (NPOS), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Froldi G, Galzignato G, Zanetti M, Montopoli M, Dorigo P, Caparrotta L. Are prostanoids related to positive inotropism by UTP and ATP? Pharmacology 2004; 73:140-5. [PMID: 15564788 DOI: 10.1159/000082315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2004] [Accepted: 09/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) induce biphasic inotropic effects: first a decrease and then an increase in contractile tension were observed in isolated rat myocardial tissues. Inotropic effects were higher in atrial tissue than in ventricular or papillary muscle; thus, experiments were mostly carried out on rat atria. In this research, we mainly studied positive inotropism by using selective inhibitors of the arachidonic acid cascade. The natural compounds luffariellolide and aristolochic acid, two inhibitors of PLA2, both inhibited positive inotropism by UTP but not by ATP, whereas they did not modify their negative inotropism. Indomethacin (5 micromol/l), an inhibitor of COX-1, reduced positive inotropism by UTP but not by ATP, without modifying their negative inotropism. Nimesulide (1 micromol/l), an inhibitor of COX-2, did not change any of the effects caused by nucleotides. Nor did NDGA (10 micromol/l), an inhibitor of lipoxygenase, change inotropism by nucleotides. Arachidonic acid pretreatment (10 micromol/l) increased inotropic effects by UTP without affecting those of ATP. These data suggest that there are differences in the mechanisms responsible for the positive inotropism caused by UTP in comparison with ATP; the effect of UTP depends on PLA2 activation and PG(s) release, whereas that of ATP does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmina Froldi
- Department of Pharmacology and Anaesthesiology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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21
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Effect of propyl gallate on activity of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 in mice’s peritoneal macrophages. Chin J Integr Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02836411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Kobayashi S, Watanabe J, Fukushi E, Kawabata J, Nakajima M, Watanabe M. Polyphenols from some foodstuffs as inhibitors of ovalbumin permeation through caco-2 cell monolayers. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2003; 67:1250-7. [PMID: 12843650 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.67.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Some spices showed high inhibitory activity against ovalbumin permeation through Caco-2 cell monolayers. Pimentol from allspice, rosmarinic acid and luteolin-7-O-beta-glucuronide from thyme, quercetin-3-O-beta-glucuronide from coriander and rutin from tarragon were identified as the active principles. A structure-activity relationship study among the active isolates and their related compounds indicated that the presence of a catechol structure played an important role in the inhibitory activity of each compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Kobayashi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan.
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23
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Cantos E, Espín JC, Tomás-Barberán FA. Varietal differences among the polyphenol profiles of seven table grape cultivars studied by LC-DAD-MS-MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:5691-5696. [PMID: 12236700 DOI: 10.1021/jf0204102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols present in red table grape varieties Red Globe, Flame Seedless, Crimson Seedless, and Napoleon, and the white varieties Superior Seedless, Dominga, and Moscatel Italica were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS. The anthocyanins peonidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside (and their corresponding p-coumaroyl derivatives), malvidin 3-glucoside, petunidin 3-glucoside, and delphinidin 3-glucoside were found. In addition, caffeoyltartaric acid, p-coumaroyltartaric acid, and the flavonols quercetin 3-glucuronide, quercetin 3-rutinoside, quercetin 3-glucoside, kaempferol 3-galactoside, kaempferol 3-glucoside, and isorhamnetin 3-glucoside were detected. Flavan-3-ols were also detected, and were identified as gallocatechin, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, procyanidin B4, procyanidin C1, catechin, and epigallocatechin. These phenolics were present only in the skin, as the flesh of these grape cultivars was almost devoid of these compounds. Anthocyanins were the main phenolics in red grapes ranging from 69 (Crimson Seedless) to 151 (Flame Seedless) mg/kg fresh weight of grapes, whereas flavan-3-ols were the most abundant phenolics in the white varieties ranging from 52 (Dominga) to 81 (Moscatel Italica) mg/kg fresh weight of grapes. Total phenolics ranged from 115 (Dominga) to 361 (Flame Seedless) mg/kg fresh weight of grapes. This means that a serving of unpeeled table grapes (200 g) could provide up to 72 mg of total phenolics (Flame Seedless). These results indicate that the intake of unpeeled table grapes should be recommended in dietary habits as a potential source of antioxidant and anticarcinogenic phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Cantos
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 4195, Murcia 30080, Spain
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24
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Seufferlein T, Seckl MJ, Schwarz E, Beil M, v Wichert G, Baust H, Lührs H, Schmid RM, Adler G. Mechanisms of nordihydroguaiaretic acid-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in human cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2002; 86:1188-96. [PMID: 11953870 PMCID: PMC2364182 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2001] [Revised: 11/26/2001] [Accepted: 01/10/2002] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid can act as growth promoting factors for various cancer cell lines. Here we demonstrate that the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid potently inhibits anchorage-independent growth of human pancreatic and cervical cancer cells in soft agar and delays growth of pancreatic and cervical tumours established in athymic mice. Furthermore, nordihydroguaiaretic acid induces apoptosis of these cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Potential mechanisms mediating these effects of nordihydroguaiaretic acid were examined. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid had no inhibitory effect on growth and survival signals such as tyrosine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor or basal and growth factor-stimulated activities of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p70(s6k) and AKT but selectively inhibited expression of cyclin D1 in the cancer cells. In addition, treatment with nordihydroguaiaretic acid lead to a disruption of the filamentous actin cytoskeleton in human pancreatic and cervical cancer cells which was accompanied by the activation of Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase and p38(mapk). Similar effects were obtained by treatment of the cancer cells with cytochalasin D. These results suggest that nordihydroguaiaretic acid induces anoikis-like apoptosis as a result of disruption of the actin cytoskeleton in association with the activation of stress activated protein kinases. In conclusion, nordihydroguaiaretic acid could constitute a lead compound in the development of novel therapeutic agents for various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
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25
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Stejskal D, Prosková J, Petrzelová A, Bartek J, Oral I, Lacnák B, Horalík D, Sekaninová S. Application of cationic propyl gallate as inducer of thrombocyte aggregation for evaluation of effectiveness of antiaggregation therapy. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2001; 145:69-74. [PMID: 12426775 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2001.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM OF THE STUDY Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is one of basic preparations used in the therapy of cardiovascular diseases. Application of ASA leads to irreversible reduction of platelet aggregation. The aim of the present study was to verify monitoring of effectiveness of ASA therapy using the measurement of platelet aggregability in vitro after induction by cationic propyl gallate (CPG), which is considered to be a highly potent inducer of aggregation. METHODS We examined a group of 27 healthy volunteers, divided into two subgroups (n = 19, n = 8). The first subgroup was examined for thrombocyte aggregation before and 24 hours after administration of 400 mg of ASA after induction by ADP, collagen, adrenalin and CPG. The second subgroup was examined for thrombocyte aggregation before and after a three-day administration of ASA in a dose of 100 mg/day. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In the group of 27 healthy volunteers we determined normal values of aggregability for individual inducers. Low stability of the used methods was proved (weak or insignificant correlation of results of the same method before and after administration of ASA). The most advantageous parameter for monitoring of effectiveness of 400 and 100 mg of ASA was CPG slope (paired t test, p < 0.00000002, resp. p < 0.001). The parameter of CPG slope we determined in both subgroups the cut-off value (< 53s), by means of which it is possible to discriminate probands according to ASA therapy (in contrast to other routinely used inducers). The obtained results indicate that measurement of thrombocyte aggregation after CPG induction reveals a significantly lower percentage of ASA non-responders ASA than after other inducers. Measurement of thrombocyte aggregation after CPG induction is predicted to be highly promising for monitoring the effectiveness of anti-aggregation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stejskal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Sternberk, Jivavska 20, 785 16 Czech Republic
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26
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Nijveldt RJ, van Nood E, van Hoorn DE, Boelens PG, van Norren K, van Leeuwen PA. Flavonoids: a review of probable mechanisms of action and potential applications. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 74:418-25. [PMID: 11566638 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/74.4.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1594] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review, a summary of the putative biological actions of flavonoids, was to obtain a further understanding of the reported beneficial health effects of these substances. Flavonoids occur naturally in fruit, vegetables, and beverages such as tea and wine. Research in the field of flavonoids has increased since the discovery of the French paradox,ie, the low cardiovascular mortality rate observed in Mediterranean populations in association with red wine consumption and a high saturated fat intake. Several other potential beneficial properties of flavonoids have since been ascertained. We review the different groups of known flavonoids, the probable mechanisms by which they act, and the potential clinical applications of these fascinating natural substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Nijveldt
- Department of Surgery, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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27
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Marcucci MC, Ferreres F, García-Viguera C, Bankova VS, De Castro SL, Dantas AP, Valente PH, Paulino N. Phenolic compounds from Brazilian propolis with pharmacological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2001; 74:105-112. [PMID: 11167028 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Four compounds were isolated from Brazilian propolis. They are identified as: (1) 3-prenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (PHCA), (2) 2,2-dimethyl-6-carboxyethenyl-2H-1-benzopyrane (DCBEN), (3) 3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (DHCA), and (4) 2,2-dimethyl-6-carboxyethenyl-8-prenyl-2H-1-benzopyran (DPB). The structures of the compounds were determined by MS and NMR techniques. All compounds were assayed against Trypanosoma cruzi and the bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis. Compounds (1) to (4) were active against T. cruzi. Except (1), all compounds presented activity against the bacteria tested. When compounds (1)-(3) were tested in the guinea pig isolated trachea, all induced a relaxant effect similar to propolis extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Marcucci
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, CEBAS (CSIC) Apdo Correos 4195, 30080, Murcia, Spain.
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28
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Mouta Carreira C, Landriscina M, Bellum S, Prudovsky I, Maciag T. The comparative release of FGF1 by hypoxia and temperature stress. Growth Factors 2001; 18:277-85. [PMID: 11519826 DOI: 10.3109/08977190109029116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The signal peptide-less FGF gene family prototype, FGF1 is released in response to temperature stress in vitro as a latent reducing agent-sensitive homodimer non-covalently complexed with the extravesicular p40 domain of p65 synaptotagmin (Syt)1. Because FGF1 is well recognized as an angiogenesis factor in vivo and angiogenesis is known to be induced by hypoxia, we examined the release of FGF1 and p40 Syt1 under conditions of hypoxia and temperature stress using a chemostatic microcarrier cell culture system. We report that like the pathway used by FGF1 and p40 Syt1 release under temperature stress, hypoxia also induces the release of FGF1 and p40 Syt1 with similar kinetic and pharmacologic properties including the requirement for functional cysteine residues. Lastly, FGF1 and p40 Syt1 release in response to hypoxia and temperature stress is sensitive to lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors suggesting that arachidonic acid metabolism may play an important role in the mechanism of FGF1 release in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mouta Carreira
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough 04074, USA
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29
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Xiao HY, Matsubayashi H, Bonderman DP, Bonderman PW, Reid T, Miraglia CC, Gao DY. Generation of annexin V-positive platelets and shedding of microparticles with stimulus-dependent procoagulant activity during storage of platelets at 4 degrees C. Transfusion 2000; 40:420-7. [PMID: 10773053 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40040420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of propyl gallate to activate platelet factor 3 has been determined through the activated partial thromboplastin time, but its effect on phosphatidylserine has not been established. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A novel platelet activator, propyl gallate, was introduced to a study of platelets stored at 4 degrees C. The effects of storage on platelet coagulation activity, on phosphatidylserine, and on the shedding of activated and activable membrane particles (microparticles) were examined by activated plasma clotting time, and the effect on annexin V binding was examined by gated flow cytometry. The ratios of annexin V binding and microparticle shedding in stored platelet samples were compared with those in fresh platelets stimulated with propyl gallate. RESULTS Microparticle shedding by stored platelets compensated for the diminished procoagulant potential of intact platelets (shown as the total propyl gallate-dependent platelet factor 3 activity), which did not change during prolonged (20-day) storage, but levels of phosphatidylserine confined to microparticles increased dramatically as platelet counts fell. Both annexin V binding and microparticle shedding increased spontaneously with storage and artificially with propyl gallate stimulation. However, at the same level of annexin V binding, stored platelets shed more microparticles than did fresh platelets stimulated with propyl gallate. CONCLUSION Propyl gallate induces platelet procoagulant activity and annexin V binding. Stored platelets differ from fresh platelets in a lower reactivity to propyl gallate activation and a higher rate of microparticle shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Xiao
- Methodist Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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30
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Puddey IB, Croft KD. Alcohol, stroke and coronary heart disease. Are there anti-oxidants and pro-oxidants in alcoholic beverages that might influence the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease? Neuroepidemiology 1999; 18:292-302. [PMID: 10545781 DOI: 10.1159/000026224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-oxidant effects of polyphenolic flavonoid compounds found in alcoholic beverages, especially red wine, have been proposed to mediate, at least in part, protective effects of regular light-to-moderate alcohol use against stroke and coronary artery disease. The proposed mechanism is through the quenching of free radicals decreasing the oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol particles and hence reducing their atherogenicity. In this review, the extent and limitations of the evidence in support of such a hypothesis are outlined. In particular, the paucity of epidemiological evidence linking dietary flavonoids to stroke and coronary artery disease is highlighted. The competing notion that alcohol itself has direct and indirect pro-oxidant and pro-atherogenic effects is canvassed, and the limitations of the in vitro rather than in vivo nature of much of the evidence linking red wine polyphenolics to reduced lipid peroxidation and other relevant biological effects is discussed. Within this framework of current epidemiological evidence together with the results of basic laboratory studies, the conclusion at present is that while we may continue to speculate that there are anti-oxidants and pro-oxidants in alcoholic beverages that influence the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, this cannot yet be considered as an established scientific fact.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Puddey
- Department of Medicine and Western Australian Heart Research Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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31
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Weinberg ZG, Akiri B, Potoyevski E, Kanner J. Enhancement of polyphenol recovery from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and sage (Salvia officinalis) by enzyme-assisted ensiling (ENLAC). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 1999; 47:2959-2962. [PMID: 10552593 DOI: 10.1021/jf981317+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of enzyme-assisted ensiling (ENLAC) in the recovery of polyphenols from rosemary and sage was tested. Fresh rosemary and sage were chopped and ensiled in 0.5-L anaerobic jars. Treatments comprised control (no additives), 0.5% glucose and lactic acid bacteria, and 1% cellulase plus 1% hemicellulase plus pectinase. Following storage at room temperature for 45 days (experiment 1) and 26 days (experiment 2), polyphenols were extracted from the silages in ethanol either by direct blending or by cold extraction. The enzyme treatment resulted in silages with the lowest pH values, lowest fiber content, highest water-soluble sugar content, and highest polyphenol recovery; this treatment resulted in increased polyphenol recovery from rosemary and sage, by 100 and 20%, respectively. Comparison between direct blending and cold extraction revealed similar efficiency of polyphenol recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z G Weinberg
- Forage Preservation and By-Products Research Unit and Department of Food Science, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
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32
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Parman T, Chen G, Wells PG. Free radical intermediates of phenytoin and related teratogens. Prostaglandin H synthase-catalyzed bioactivation, electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry, and photochemical product analysis. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:25079-88. [PMID: 9737965 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.39.25079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenytoin and related xenobiotics can be bioactivated by embryonic prostaglandin H synthase (PHS) to a teratogenic free radical intermediate. The mechanism of free radical formation was evaluated using photolytic oxidation with sodium persulfate and by EPR spectrometry. Characterization of the products by mass spectrometry suggested that phenytoin photolyzes to a nitrogen-centered radical that rapidly undergoes ring opening to form a carbon-centered radical. PHS-1 was incubated with teratogen (phenytoin, mephenytoin, trimethadione, phenobarbital, and major metabolites) or its vehicle and the free radical spin trap alpha-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone, and incubations were analyzed by EPR spectrometry. There was no alpha-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone radical adduct in control incubations. For phenytoin, a putative unstable nitrogen-centered radical adduct and a stable carbon-centered radical adduct were detected. Free radical spin adducts also were detected for all other teratogens and metabolites except carbamazepine. The PHS inhibitor eicosatetraynoic acid abolished the free radical EPR signal. Incubation of 2'-deoxyguanosine with phenytoin and PHS-1 resulted in a 5-fold increase in its oxidation to 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. This is the first direct chemical evidence for PHS-catalyzed bioactivation of phenytoin and related teratogens to a free radical intermediate that initiates DNA oxidation, which may constitute a common molecular mechanism of teratologic initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Parman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S2, Canada
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33
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Domin J, Higgins T, Rozengurt E. Preferential inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated DNA synthesis and protein tyrosine phosphorylation by nordihydroguaiaretic acid. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)37188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
To investigate the renal actions of leukotrienes (LT), we infused arachidonic acid into the renal artery of anesthetized dogs during systemic cyclooxygenase inhibition (with ibuprofen) alone or in combination with lipoxygenase inhibition or LTD4/LTE4 receptor antagonism. Renal arachidonic acid infusion following ibuprofen alone decreased urine osmolality (945 +/- 143 to 698 +/- 144 mosm/kg; p < 0.01) and increased urine flow rate (0.34 +/- 0.11 to 0.56 +/- 0.16; p < 0.05) without altering renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate or sodium excretion. In separate groups, prior inhibition of lipoxygenase (propylgallate) or blockade of LTD4/LTE4 receptors (LY171883) prevented the changes in urine osmolality and urine flow rate. Intrarenal oleic acid infusion following ibuprofen had no effect on renal function. Analysis of the renal papillae at the end of the experiment indicated that interstitial osmolality and sodium, potassium and urea contents were the same in all groups, ruling out a decrease in papillary interstitial osmolality as the cause of the decrease in urine osmolality in the arachidonic acid-infused group. Our experiments suggest that renal LT can decrease urine osmolality and increase urine flow rate and may play a role in renal water excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Hartupee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-8000
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35
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Yu MJ, McCowan JR, Towner RD, Ho PP, Phebus LA, Ruterbories KJ, Lindstrom TD, Boyd R, Jackson WT, Ertel PJ, Steinberg MI, Murphy A, Breau A, Donald Pollock G, Hahn RA. Structurally novel antiarrhythmic / antioxidant quinazolines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)80631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Ollivier-Bousquet M, Radvanyi F, Bon C. Crotoxin, a phospholipase A2 neurotoxin from snake venom, interacts with epithelial mammary cells, is internalized and induces secretion. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1991; 82:41-50. [PMID: 1761165 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(91)90007-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) induces liberation of arachidonic acid (AA) from phospholipids of lactating mammary epithelial cells and stimulates casein secretion. In order to investigate the possible involvement of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity in the hormonal control of casein secretion by PRL, we examined the effects of crotoxin, a PLA2 neurotoxin from snake venom, on mammary epithelial cells. Crotoxin is made of two subunits: a basic PLA2 with low toxicity (component B, CB) and an acidic, non-toxic and enzymatically inactive component A (CA) which enhances the pharmacological action of CB. While CA is inactive, the PLA2 subunit (CB) induces an accumulation of secretory products in the lumen of mammary acini, an extensive development of the Golgi apparatus. The secretion of newly synthesized casein is increased in the presence of CB and this effect is inhibited by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and caffeic acid, two inhibitors of the lipoxygenase pathway which also prevent stimulation of secretion by PRL. Further, CB transiently induces the release of radiolabelled AA from mammary tissues previously labelled with [14C]AA, the highest release being observed between 15 s and 5 min of contact with CB and CA. Immunofluorescence labelling by anti-CB antibodies of epithelial mammary tissues previously incubated with CA, CB or a combination of CA and CB indicates that CB binds to epithelial cells and is internalized, at least in part, and that CA enhances both CB binding and its internalization. These observations emphasize the involvement of PLA2 in the control of casein secretion and suggest that PLA2 acts intracellularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ollivier-Bousquet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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37
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Abstract
The inhibitory effects of five flavonoids on the aggregation and secretion of platelets were studied. These flavonoids inhibited markedly platelet aggregation and ATP release of rabbit platelets induced by arachidonic acid or collagen, and slightly those by platelet-activating factor. ADP-induced platelet aggregation was also suppressed by myricetin, fisetin and quercetin. The IC50 on arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation was: fisetin, 22 microM; kaempferol, 20 microM; quercetin, 13 microM; morin, 150 microM less than IC50 less than 300 microM. The thromboxane B2 formations were also inhibited by flavonoids in platelets challenged with arachidonic acid. Fisetin, kaempferol, morin and quercetin antagonized the aggregation of washed platelets induced by U46619, a thromboxane A2/prostaglandin endoperoxides mimetic receptor agonist. In human platelet-rich plasma, quercetin prevented the secondary aggregation and blocked ATP release from platelets induced by epinephrine or ADP. These results demonstrate that the major antiplatelet effect of flavonoids tested may be due to both the inhibition of thromboxane formation and thromboxane receptor antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Tzeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical College, Taiwan
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38
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Picq M, Cheav SL, Prigent AF. Effect of two flavonoid compounds on central nervous system. Analgesic activity. Life Sci 1991; 49:1979-88. [PMID: 1660953 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(91)90640-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The psychopharmacological profile of quercetin (Q) and penta-O-ethylquercetin (PQ) showed for both compounds a sedative effect on central nervous system in mice. In this set of pharmacological tests (hypothermia, spontaneous motility, psychomotor activity) penta-O-ethylquercetin always exerted a more pronounced effect than quercetin, probably due to the difference of lipophilicity. In analgesia experiments such as acetic acid-induced writhings, penta-O-ethylquercetin showed a significant dose-related effect whereas quercetin was inactive. As pretreatment with naloxone failed to antagonize the analgesic activity of penta-O-ethylquercetin, it was suggested that penta-O-ethylquercetin acted mainly peripherally.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Picq
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Unité INSERM 205, Villeurbanne, France
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Haliday EM, Ramesha CS, Ringold G. TNF induces c-fos via a novel pathway requiring conversion of arachidonic acid to a lipoxygenase metabolite. EMBO J 1991; 10:109-15. [PMID: 1899225 PMCID: PMC452618 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07926.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF), a lymphokine released by activated macrophages, has diverse effects on a wide variety of cell types. TNF exerts these effects via specific cell surface receptors; however little is known of the biochemical events that ensue. We have shown that TNF rapidly induces the proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun in the adipogenic TA1 cell line and have used these responses to characterize the intracellular mediators of TNF action. We find that arachidonic acid, which is released in response to TNF, induces c-fos, but not c-jun mRNA in quiescent TA1 cells. Pretreatment of the cells with lipoxygenase inhibitors abolishes the induction of c-fos by TNF, while the induction of c-jun is unaffected; in contrast, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor has no effect on either response. Finally, we have demonstrated that TNF stimulates production of lipoxygenase metabolites in TA1 cells and that one of these, 5-HPETE, induces c-fos, but not c-jun. These data suggest that TNF activates two second messenger pathways, one of which is dependent on release of arachidonic acid and its subsequent conversion to a lipoxygenase metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Haliday
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305
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Carroll MA, Garcia MP, Falck JR, McGiff JC. 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid, a novel arachidonate metabolite. Mechanism of vasoactivity in the rat. Circ Res 1990; 67:1082-8. [PMID: 2121384 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.67.5.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (5,6-EET) was the only cytochrome P-450-dependent arachidonic acid (AA) epoxide to dilate the isolated, perfused caudal artery of the rat. We have investigated the mechanisms by which 5,6-EET dilates the rat-tail artery by studying the effect of deendothelialization and inhibition of AA metabolic pathways (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase) on the vascular action of the epoxide. Rat isolated caudal arteries were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution at 37 degrees C, pH 7.4, and gassed with 95% O2-5% CO2. Arterial tone was elevated with phenylephrine; acetylcholine (0.5 nmol) was used to detect the presence of intact, functional endothelium. Doses of 5,6-EET, from 6.25 to 25.0 nmol, were injected close-arterially. After obtaining control responses, the same doses were randomly retested after deendothelialization or in the presence of inhibitors of AA metabolism. Removal of the endothelium decreased by 70% the vasodilator responses to 5,6-EET. The endothelial dependency was a function of the epoxide interacting with cyclooxygenase of the endothelium, because indomethacin (3 microM) and aspirin (50 microM) prevented the vasodilator response to 5,6-EET while not affecting the response to acetylcholine. SKF-525A (1.1 microM) and metyrapone (150 microM) did not affect the responses to the 5,6-EET, whereas clotrimazole (0.7 microM) and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (2.5 microM) had nonspecific effects, decreasing responses to 5,6-EET and acetylcholine. Because 5,6-EET failed to stimulate detectable release of prostanoids into the effluent from the caudal artery, we conclude that 5,6-EET requires conversion by cyclooxygenase for expression of its vasoactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Carroll
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595
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41
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Ibe BO, Falck JR, Johnson AR, Campbell WB. Regulation of synthesis of prostacyclin and HETEs in human endothelial cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1989; 256:C1168-75. [PMID: 2500022 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1989.256.6.c1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human umbilical endothelial cells in culture synthesize prostacyclin (PGI2), 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE). The synthesis of these eicosanoids was measured by specific radioimmunoassays after stimulation by arachidonic acid, A23187, bradykinin, melittin, or histamine. Under all conditions, the synthesis of PGI2 paralleled and exceeded the synthesis of 15-HETE and 12-HETE. Indomethacin inhibited arachidonic acid-stimulated PGI2 and 15-HETE synthesis but enhanced 12-HETE synthesis. Meclofenamate gave similar qualitative results. Drugs that act as inhibitors of lipoxygenase in some tissues, such as nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), caffeic acid, esculin, diethylcarbamazine, quercetin, and 5,8,11,14-eicosatetrayenoic acid (ETYA) were nonspecific in their inhibition of PGI2, 12-HETE, and 15-HETE synthesis. For example, NDGA inhibited arachidonic acid-stimulated release with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.39 microM for PGI2, 0.25 microM for 15-HETE, and 0.10 microM for 12-HETE. These results show that endothelial cells metabolize both endogenous and exogenous arachidonic acid to PGI2, 15-HETE, and 12-HETE. These data also suggest, based on results with inhibitors, that PGI2 and 15-HETE are products of cyclooxygenase, whereas 12-HETE is produced via a different enzymatic pathway, most likely a lipoxygenase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Ibe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235
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42
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Hsieh RJ, Kinsella JE. Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids: mechanisms, products, and inhibition with emphasis on fish. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 1989; 33:233-341. [PMID: 2697233 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-4526(08)60129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R J Hsieh
- Campbell Institute for Research and Technology, Campbell Soup Company, Camden, New Jersey 08103
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43
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Janero DR, Burghardt B. Protection of rat myocardial phospholipid against peroxidative injury through superoxide-(xanthine oxidase)-dependent, iron-promoted Fenton chemistry by the male contraceptive gossypol. Biochem Pharmacol 1988; 37:3335-42. [PMID: 2840914 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(88)90647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Metal-promoted oxygen free-radical chemistry is a cause of tissue damage in many disease states, such as myocardial ischemia. The effect of gossypol, a polyphenolic plant pigment and male contraceptive, on the peroxidation of myocardial membrane phospholipid was studied and quantitatively characterized. As a result of exposure to xanthine oxidase (superoxide)-dependent, iron-promoted Fenton chemistry, cardiac phospholipid was readily peroxidized with defined kinetics. The peroxidation could be blocked by substances which interdict at specific points in the Fenton chemistry: superoxide dismutase, alpha-tocopherol, the iron chelator desferrioxamine, and the xanthine oxidase substrate-analogs allopurinol and oxypurinol. The oxidative-injury system displayed a characteristic antiperoxidant response to each type of inhibitor. Gossypol, at low micromolar concentrations, profoundly altered the rate and extent of myocardial phospholipid peroxidation. Gossypol was ineffective as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor and as a superoxide scavenger at concentrations that abolished myocardial lipid peroxidation. Since metal chelation was an effective means of preventing lipid peroxidation in this system only when the iron therein was completely chelated, the low anti-peroxidant IC50 for gossypol, 1.1. microM, relative to the concentration of iron (100 microM) did not support a functionally significant antiperoxidant role for gossypol as an iron chelator. Rather, it appears that, at low micromolar gossypol concentrations which approximate the peak plasma concentrations in humans, the antiperoxidant effects of gossypol against superoxide-mediated, iron-promoted lipid damage rest with the ability of gossypol to intercept lipid radical intermediates as a "chain-breaking" aromatic phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Janero
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy, Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110
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44
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Hsieh RJ, German JB, Kinsella JE. Relative inhibitory potencies of flavonoids on 12-lipoxygenase of fish gill. Lipids 1988; 23:322-6. [PMID: 3398718 DOI: 10.1007/bf02537342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The relative efficacy of 10 flavonoid compounds and some common antioxidants in inhibiting 12-lipoxygenase of fish gill was determined. Lipoxygenase activity was measured by oxygen consumption with polarography and formation of hydroxy fatty acid using thin layer chromatography with autoradiography. Generally, the inhibition of 12-lipoxygenase by flavonoids was noncompetitive. The lipoxygenase product pattern did not change in the presence of flavonoids. Fisetin (3,3',4',7-tetrahydroxyflavone) and quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) were the most potent inhibitors of 12-lipoxygenase, with IC50's of 0.25 and 0.4 microM respectively. These were compared with IC50's values of 5,1000 microM for BHA (t-butylhydroxyanisole) and BHT (t-butylhydroxytoluene) respectively. Possible inhibitory mechanisms and relationships between flavonoid structure and inhibitory potencies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Hsieh
- Lipid Research Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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Moussard C, Alber D, Henry JC. Profiles of eicosanoid production from 14C-arachidonic acid and prostaglandin metabolism by rabbit esophageal mucosa and muscularis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1988; 31:31-9. [PMID: 3131780 DOI: 10.1016/0952-3278(88)90162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to elucidate the possible involvements of eicosanoids in esophageal functions and disorders, we have investigated the formation of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites from 14C-arachidonic acid by rabbit esophageal tissues. Homogenates of rabbit esophageal mucosa and muscularis were incubated with 14C-arachidonic acid and after ether extraction eicosanoids were separated and quantified by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The predominant cyclooxygenase products were 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, and PGE2 for mucosa and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and PGE2 for muscularis. The formation of these products was inhibited both by indomethacin and the dual pathway inhibitor, nordihydrogualaretic acid (NDGA). In mucosa the major eicosanoid was 12-HETE (12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) which was inhibited by NDGA but not by indomethacin which on the contrary enhanced its formation. Additionally four polar products were synthesized which appeared to be lipoxygenase-dependent as their formation was inhibited by NDGA but not by indomethacin. Muscularis produced as a minor lipoxygenase product only 12-HETE, which was inhibited by NDGA but unchanged in the presence of indomethacin. In addition, both tissues, but mucosa more than muscularis, possessed large prostaglandin catabolizing capacity. The present findings indicate that rabbit esophageal tissues can convert 14C-arachidonic acid into lipoxygenase as well cyclo-oxygenase products which may have a role in esophageal physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Moussard
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Jacques, Besancon, France
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Rao GH, Kishore NP, White JG. Differential effects of putative inhibitors on cytosolic and membrane associated platelet lipoxygenase. PROSTAGLANDINS, LEUKOTRIENES, AND MEDICINE 1987; 26:281-90. [PMID: 3106988 DOI: 10.1016/0262-1746(87)90037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Indomethacin, Esculetin, ETYA (4, 7, 10, 13-eicosatetraynoic acid, U53119), 3-amino-1-trifluoromethyl-7-phenyl-pyrazoline (BW 755C), Quercetin, Phenidone, and Nordihydroguaretic acid (NDGA) on the synthesis of 12-L hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) by human platelet 12-lipoxygenases were investigated. Except Indomethacin and Esculetin, all other drugs demonstrated significant inhibitory effect on 12-lipoxygenase activity. The rank order of potency for the inhibition of lipoxygenase in intact human platelets was ETYA greater than Quercetin greater than NDGA greater than Esculetin greater than Indomethacin. BW755C and Indomethacin were effective against platelet cyclooxygenase also. ETYA (U53119) was the most potent and selective inhibitor of platelet lipoxygenases. Results of our studies suggest that known lipoxygenase inhibitors display differential effects on platelet cyclooxygenase as well as membrane and cytosol associated lipoxygenases.
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Leung KH, Ip MM. Regulation of rat natural killing. II. Inhibition of cytolysis and activation by inhibitors of lipoxygenase: possible role of leukotrienes. Cell Immunol 1986; 100:474-84. [PMID: 3019567 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(86)90046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rat splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity against 51Cr-labeled YAC-1 or TMT-081 tumor cells can be augmented by culturing at 37 degrees C for 18 hr. Inhibitors of the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism, NDGA, alpha-phenanthroline, quercetin, ETYA, BW755C, esculetin, and timegadine, inhibited this NK activation and also inhibited NK cytotoxicity when added directly to the NK assay. However, there was a partial loss of sensitivity of activated NK cells to suppression by NDGA, BW755C, and esculetin. Indomethacin failed to reverse the inhibition of NK activation caused by NDGA. However, LTB4 and LTC4 (0.01 microgram/ml) were able to reverse the inhibitory effect of NDGA on NK activation. Furthermore, spleen cells cultured for 18 hr synthesized detectable amount of LTC4 in their supernatants. NDGA inhibited the LTC4 synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. These data therefore suggest that leukotrienes are responsible for NK activation, and lipoxygenase activity is essential for NK cytolytic activity.
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Abraham RT, McKinney MM, Forray C, Shipley GD, Handwerger BS. Stimulation of arachidonic acid release and eicosanoid biosynthesis in an interleukin 2-dependent T cell line. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1986; 8:165-204. [PMID: 3088127 DOI: 10.3109/08923978609028614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have provided pharmacologic evidence that T lymphocyte function may be regulated in part by the intracellular production of various arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites in response to cellular stimulation. However, the specific AA metabolic capabilities of homogeneous T cell populations have not been clearly defined. In the present studies, we have employed an accessory cell-free T cell line, HT-2, as a model system for the examination of stimulus-induced eicosanoid biosynthesis in T lymphocytes. HT-2 cells were biosynthetically labeled with [3H]-AA and challenged briefly with various agents that stimulate the hydrolytic release of AA from cellular phospholipids. The bee venom peptide melittin stimulated a profound AA release response in the cells and the concomitant synthesis of both cyclooxygenase (PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and PGD2) and lipoxygenase (5-,12-,15-HETE and possibly 5-,12-diHETE) metabolites of AA. The formation of PGs was blocked by 5 microM indomethacin, demonstrating that this cell line contains cyclooxygenase activity functionally similar to that described in macrophages and other cell types. The high activity of melittin in this system was shown to result largely from a synergy between the peptide itself and a persistent bee venom phospholipase A2 contaminant. However, experiments with melittin freed of detectable phospholipase A2 activity by heating, and with synthetic homopolymers of (L)-lysine and (L)-arginine demonstrated that HT-2 cells contain sufficient endogenous, stimulus-responsive phospholipase A2 to provide both the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of AA metabolism ith substrate. In contrast, Ca++ ionophores, which are known to stimulate AA release and metabolism in certain cell types, stimulated only AA release but no detectable eicosanoid biosynthesis in HT-2 cells. Experiments with exogenous bacterial phospholipase C suggested that this cell line can also generate free AA for eicosanoid biosynthesis from membrane-derived 1,2-diacylglycerol. These results indicate that multiple intracellular pathways of AA metabolism are present HT-2 cells, and that the stimulus-induced release of AA and the production of eicosanoid second messengers may result from activation of either phospholipase A2 or phospholipase C.
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Gracza L, Koch H, Löffler E. [Biochemical-pharmacologic studies of medicinal plants. 1. Isolation of rosmarinic acid from Symphytum officinale L. and its anti-inflammatory activity in an in vitro model]. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1985; 318:1090-5. [PMID: 4096630 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19853181207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAus Symphytum officinale L. wurde Rosmarinsäure (1) als anti‐inflammatorisch wirksamer Hauptinhaltsstoff (0.3 bis 1.3 Gew. %) isoliert und mittels HPLC‐Gradient‐Technik quantitativ bestimmt. Begleitstoffe sind Chlorogensäure (0.012 Gew. %) und Kaffeesäure (0.004 Gew. %). Die biologische Aktivität der Reinsubstanzen wurde in vitro an Humanthrombozyten anhand der Hemmung der MDA‐Bildung mittels der TBA‐Methode bestimmt. Fur 1 wurde eine IC50 von 3.37 mM ermittelt. Chlorogensäure und Kaffeesäure zeigen an diesem Modell keine signifikante Wirksamkeit.
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Mathur SN, Field FJ, Spector AA, Armstrong ML. Increased production of lipoxygenase products by cholesterol-rich mouse macrophages. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1985; 837:13-9. [PMID: 3931684 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(85)90080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of arachidonic acid by cholesterol-enriched resident mouse peritoneal macrophages was investigated. The amounts of monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (mono-HETE) produced by the cholesterol-rich macrophages were 2.5-fold greater when compared to control macrophages. The major lipoxygenase product, identified by high-performance liquid chromatography in both macrophages was 12-HETE. Since macrophages are important participants in the formation of atheromatous lesions, the increased metabolism of arachidonic acid to HETE products by cholesterol-rich macrophages could contribute to the initiation and progression of the atherosclerotic process.
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