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Li Z, Zheng N, An Q, Li X, Sun S, Zhang W, Ji Y, Wang S, Li P. Impact of environmental factors and bacterial interactions on dust mite allergens in different indoor dust. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157177. [PMID: 35803427 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Indoor dust is the main carrier of indoor pollutants, especially dust mite allergens and bacteria, they can trigger asthma, rhinitis, eczema and other allergic diseases. However, the interactions between dust mite allergens and bacterial communities in different types of indoor dust are not clear. The study focused on particulate and flocculent fibrous dust, explored the concentrations of Der p 1 (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and Der f 1 (D. farinae) in 46 households in Changchun and their environmental influences, characterized the bacterial communities by high-throughput sequencing, and the interactions between Der p 1, Der f 1 and bacterial communities were explored. The results showed that Der p 1 and Der f 1 tended to accumulate more in flocculent fibrous dust, and Der p 1 predominated in the indoor dust samples. The floor height, years of housing occupancy and the living areas all affected the concentrations of dust mite allergens. In bacterial community, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were leading phyla in the two types of dust. Kocuria, Blastococcus and Massilia were dominating genera in particulate dust and Acinetobacter, Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium_1 were dominating genera in flocculent fibrous dust. The overall diversity and species richness of bacteria in particulate dust were significantly higher than those in flocculent dust (p < 0.001). The living area was an important environmental factor affecting the bacterial community in flocculent fibrous dust (p < 0.01). The interaction between the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and dust mite allergen concentrations significantly differed between the two dust types, indicating that bacteria could be used both as food and to establish symbiotic relationships with household dust mites (HDMs) hosts and provide nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Li
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Na Zheng
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Qirui An
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yining Ji
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Sujing Wang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Pengyang Li
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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Peng J, Yin H, Zhou Y, Jia H, Cui Y. Mapping Mimotopes for House Dust Mite Allergen Der f 7 Using a Specific Monoclonal Antibody. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:184-191. [PMID: 30526452 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666181208165138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae is a common worldwide cause of indoor allergies induced by its proteins, including the mid-tier allergen Der f 7. OBJECTIVE To identify conformational epitopes in Der f 7 using mimotope mapping and computational modelling. METHODS Here, we used standard hybridoma technology to generate 3 new monoclonal antibodies against Der f 7 and performed mimotope mapping by probing a random peptide phage display library. Computational tools, including Minox and the DiscoTope-2.0 Server were used to assess the structure and potential position of antigenic residues within Der f 7. RESULTS Thirteen mimotopes sharing the common sequence --XX[LST]P[-E][LI]MLPLR[-S]- were identified. Further, computationally-predicted conformational epitopes were found at residues 1-7, 10, 27, 76-81, 92, and 130-133 of Der f 7, and the key amino acids for these epitopes were deduced to be 2P, 3I, 10E, 27E, 78E, 79E, 81I, 130S, and 132E based on the common mimotope sequence. CONCLUSION We identified Der f 7 peptide mimotopes that may model binding sites for blocking antibodies. These may guide the development of immunotherapy for individuals with hypersensitivity to Der f 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglong Peng
- School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics Laboratory, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Haoyuan Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Yubao Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
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Platts-Mills TA, Chapman MD, Pollart SM, Heymann PW, Luczynska CM. Establishing Health Standards for Indoor Foreign Proteins Related to Asthma: Dust Mite, Cat and Cockroach. Toxicol Ind Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/074823379000600201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology University of Virginia Medical School Box 225 Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Martin D. Chapman
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology University of Virginia Medical School Box 225 Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Susan M. Pollart
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology University of Virginia Medical School Box 225 Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Peter W. Heymann
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology University of Virginia Medical School Box 225 Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Christina M. Luczynska
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology University of Virginia Medical School Box 225 Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
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Valenta R, Karaulov A, Niederberger V, Zhernov Y, Elisyutina O, Campana R, Focke-Tejkl M, Curin M, Namazova-Baranova L, Wang JY, Pawankar R, Khaitov M. Allergen Extracts for In Vivo Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergy: Is There a Future? THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:1845-1855.e2. [PMID: 30297269 PMCID: PMC6390933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Today, in vivo allergy diagnosis and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) are still based on allergen extracts obtained from natural allergen sources. Several studies analyzing the composition of natural allergen extracts have shown severe problems regarding their quality such as the presence of undefined nonallergenic materials, contaminants as well as high variabilities regarding contents and biological activity of individual allergens. Despite the increasing availability of sophisticated analytical technologies, these problems cannot be overcome because they are inherent to allergen sources and methods of extract production. For in vitro allergy diagnosis problems related to natural allergen extracts have been largely overcome by the implementation of recombinant allergen molecules that are defined regarding purity and biological activity. However, no such advances have been made for allergen preparations to be used in vivo for diagnosis and therapy. No clinical studies have been performed for allergen extracts available for in vivo allergy diagnosis that document safety, sensitivity, and specificity of the products. Only for very few therapeutic allergen extracts state-of-the-art clinical studies have been performed that provide evidence for safety and efficacy. In this article, we discuss problems related to the inconsistent quality of products based on natural allergen extracts and share our observations that most of the products available for in vivo diagnosis and AIT do not meet the international standards for medicinal products. We argue that a replacement of natural allergen extracts by defined recombinantly produced allergen molecules and/or mixtures thereof may be the only way to guarantee the supply of clinicians with state-of-the-art medicinal products for in vivo diagnosis and treatment of allergic patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Verena Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yury Zhernov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Raffaela Campana
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirela Curin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leyla Namazova-Baranova
- Department of Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Center for Allergy and Immunology Research (ACIR), College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University (Hospital), Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ruby Pawankar
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Musa Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Egea E, Mendoza D, Garavito G, Saavedra S, Gómez H, Sanjuan M. Nanogold - IgY antibodies. An immunoconjugated for the detection of house dust mite (Dermatophagoides) allergens. J Immunol Methods 2018; 464:15-21. [PMID: 30165063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation of avian IgY antibodies to nanosensors has been extensively explored for the diagnostics of virus and parasite infection, as well as for the detection of pharmaceutically and toxicologically relevant molecules. However, to date this strategy has only been minimally applied the detection of allergens. In this study, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were conjugated to a polyvalent IgY antibodies raised against Dermatophagoides group I allergens. GNPs were synthesized by HAuCL4 reduction using 1% trisodium citrate, and characterized them by absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The most stable immunoconjugates were obtained with 18-nm monodisperse GNPs and a minimal concentration of 12.5 μg/mL of IgY at pH 7.5. The immunoconjugate was capable of detecting up to 1.5 μg of a total Dermatophagoides farinae protein extract in an immuno-dot blot assay. This immunoreactant conjugate represents a new tool for the detection and control of indoor dust mite allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Egea
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 vía a, Puerto Colombia, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Dary Mendoza
- Grupo de Productos Naturales y Bioquímica de Macromoléculas, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Programa de Química, Universidad del Atlántico, Km 7 vía a, Puerto Colombia, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Gloria Garavito
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 vía a, Puerto Colombia, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Stephanie Saavedra
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 vía a, Puerto Colombia, Atlántico, Colombia; Grupo de Productos Naturales y Bioquímica de Macromoléculas, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Programa de Química, Universidad del Atlántico, Km 7 vía a, Puerto Colombia, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Humberto Gómez
- Grupo UREMA, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 vía a, Puerto Colombia, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Marcos Sanjuan
- Grupo UREMA, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 vía a, Puerto Colombia, Atlántico, Colombia.
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The Association Between Ambient Air Pollution and Allergic Rhinitis Inception and Control. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-018-0162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ni WW, Huang W, Wu DQ, Zhou YJ, Ji CM, Cao MD, Guo M, Sun JL, Wei JF. Expression and purification of a major allergen, Pla a 1, from Platanus acerifolia pollen and the preparation of its monoclonal antibody. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2887-2892. [PMID: 28677761 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Platanus acerifolia pollen is considered an important source of airborne allergens in numerous cities. Pla a 1 is a major allergen from P. acerifolia pollen. The present study aimed to express and purify Pla a 1, and to prepare its monoclonal antibody. In the present study, the Pla a 1 gene was subcloned into a pET‑28a vector and transformed into the ArcticExpress™ (DE3) RP Escherichia coli host strain. The purified Pla a 1 was then used to immunize BALB/c mice. When serum detection was positive, spleen cells were isolated from the mice and fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells at a ratio of 10:1. Hybridoma cells were screened by indirect ELISA and limiting dilution. Positive cells were used to induce the formation of antibody‑containing ascites fluid, and the antibodies were purified using protein A‑agarose. The results of the present study demonstrated that recombinant Pla a 1 was successfully expressed and purified, and exhibited positive immunoglobulin E‑binding to serum from patients allergic to P. acerifolia. A total of 11 hybridomas that steadily secreted anti‑Pla a 1 antibody were obtained and an immunoblotting analysis indicated that all of these monoclonal antibodies specifically recognized the Pla a 1 protein. These results suggested that specific anti‑Pla a 1 antibodies may be obtained, which can be used for the rapid detection of Pla a 1 allergens and in the preparation of vaccines against P. acerifolia pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Ni
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - De-Qin Wu
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Jun Zhou
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Mei Ji
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Da Cao
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Miao Guo
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Lu Sun
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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8
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Cui Y, Teng F, Yu L, Zhou Y, Wang N, Zhang C, Yang L. Sequential epitopes of Dermatophagoides farinae allergens identified using peptide microarray-based immunoassay. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:792-8. [PMID: 27481284 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
House dust mites produce over 30 proteins proposed to induce immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody production in patients. Continued identification of IgE-binding epitopes of these allergens is critical to advancing diagnosis and treatment of allergic disease. To identify possible sequential IgE-binding epitopes of the major- and mid-potency allergens from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae by peptide microarray-based immunoassay, nucleotide sequences of D. farinae allergens (Der f) 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7 were used to generate overlapping peptides covering the full protein sequences minus signal peptides. Short peptides were printed onto microarray chips. Because asthma occurs as a symptom of mite allergy more commonly among children than adults, the peptide chips were exposed to sera pooled from six serum-positive pediatric patients with D. farinae hypersensitivity and six serum-negative control children for screening sequential IgE-binding epitopes by IgE immunolabeling. Higher-than-average immunolabel signal intensity was observed for 21 short peptides in the serum-positive group (P < 0.01). Due to sequence overlap, these 21 signals represented four fragments of Der f 1 (amino acid positions 46-53, 71-78, 99-110, 179-186), three fragments of Der f 2 (15-22, 80-89, 106-113), six fragments of Der f 4 (69-82, 107-116, 225-232, 261-268, 355-365, 483-496), one fragment of Der f 5 (102-109), and three fragments of Der f 7 (32-39, 52-64, 100-107). These findings not only demonstrate the utility of a peptide microarray immunoassay in identifying epitopes for these allergens, but also provide a foundation for future exploration of specific immunotherapies. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(10):792-798, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yancheng Health Vocational & Technical College, Yancheng 224006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feixiang Teng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yancheng Health Vocational & Technical College, Yancheng 224006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - LiLi Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yancheng Health Vocational & Technical College, Yancheng 224006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yancheng Health Vocational & Technical College, Yancheng 224006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yancheng Health Vocational & Technical College, Yancheng 224006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengbo Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yancheng Health Vocational & Technical College, Yancheng 224006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yancheng Health Vocational & Technical College, Yancheng 224006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Williams DAL, McCormack MC, Matsui EC, Diette GB, McKenzie SE, Geyh AS, Breysse PN. Cow allergen (Bos d2) and endotoxin concentrations are higher in the settled dust of homes proximate to industrial-scale dairy operations. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2016; 26:42-7. [PMID: 25138294 PMCID: PMC4700044 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2014.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Airborne contaminants produced by industrial agricultural facilities contain chemical and biological compounds that can impact the health of residents living in close proximity. Settled dust can be a reservoir for these contaminants and can influence long-term exposures. In this study, we sampled the indoor- and outdoor-settled dust from 40 homes that varied in proximity to industrial-scale dairies (ISD; industrial-scale dairy, a term used in this paper to describe a large dairy farm and adjacent waste sprayfields, concentrated animal feeding operation or animal feeding operation, that uses industrial processes) in the Yakima Valley, Washington. We analyzed settled dust samples for cow allergen (Bos d2, a cow allergen associated with dander, hair, sweat and urine, it is a member of the lipocalin family of allergens associated with mammals), mouse allergen (Mus m1; major mouse allergen, a mouse urinary allergen, in the lipocalin family), dust mite allergens (Der p1 (Dermatophagoides pteronissinus 1) and Der f1 (Dermatophagoides farinae 1)), and endotoxin (a component of the cell walls of gram negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide, which can be found in air and dust and can produce a strong inflammatory response). A concentration gradient was observed for Bos d2 and endotoxin measured in outdoor-settled dust samples based on proximity to ISD. Indoor-settled dust concentrations of Bos d2 and endotoxin were also highest in proximal homes. While the associated health effects of exposure to cow allergen in settled dust is unknown, endotoxin at concentrations observed in these proximal homes (100 EU/mg) has been associated with increased negative respiratory health effects. These findings document that biological contaminants emitted from ISDs are elevated in indoor- and outdoor-settled dust samples at homes close to these facilities and extend to as much as three miles (4.8 km) away.
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Affiliation(s)
- D' Ann L Williams
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Gregory B Diette
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shawn E McKenzie
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alison S Geyh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick N Breysse
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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10
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Cui Y. Immunoglobulin E-binding epitopes of mite allergens: from characterization to immunotherapy. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2015; 47:344-53. [PMID: 24218295 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-013-8396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
House dust mites and storage mites produce a number of allergens that can induce hypersensitivity reactions in humans and result in allergic diseases like asthma, rhinitis, and dermatitis. Recent advances in identifying and characterizing these allergens--and, in particular, their immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding epitopes--have produced a wealth of knowledge. Here, methods for identifying IgE-binding epitopes, from immunoassays to in silico approaches, are summarized and placed in context with the identification of epitopes of mite allergens, particularly from the Dermatophagoides spp. major allergen groups 1 and 2. Finally, the transfer of this information to the clinical development and application of new diagnostic and immunotherapeutic approaches is discussed. While progress in recent years has built on the specific immunotherapies established decades ago, much work remains to be done to mitigate mite allergic disease. Future studies should seek to identify epitopes for mite species beyond Dermatophagoides and for minor allergens. Efforts in translational medicine should use the current epitope data to develop modified allergens for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yancheng Health Vocational and Technical College, Jiefangnan Road 263, Yancheng, 224006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China,
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11
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Codispoti CD, Bernstein DI, Levin L, Reponen T, Ryan PH, Biagini Myers JM, Villareal M, Burkle J, Lummus Z, Lockey JE, Khurana Hershey GK, LeMasters GK. Early-life mold and tree sensitivity is associated with allergic eosinophilic rhinitis at 4 years of age. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2015; 114:193-198.e4. [PMID: 25744905 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal eosinophils are a biomarker for allergic rhinitis (AR) and are associated with increased symptom severity. OBJECTIVE To identify predictors of allergic eosinophilic rhinitis (AER) in early childhood in children at higher risk for chronic allergic respiratory disorders. METHODS In the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study, infants born to aeroallergen-sensitized and symptomatic parents were examined and underwent skin prick testing (SPT) annually to 15 aeroallergens from 1 to 4 years of age. Wheal circumferences were traced and scanned and areas were determined by computer planimetry. At 4 years, AER was defined as (1) at least 1 positive aeroallergen SPT result, (2) presence of sneezing and runny nose without a cold or influenza, and (3) nasal eosinophilia of at least 5%. Wheal areas at 1 to 3 years were analyzed for an association with AER compared with children without AR. RESULTS At 4 years, 487 children completed rhinitis health histories, SPT, and nasal sampling. Ninety-nine children (22.8%) had AR. Thirty-eight children had AER (8.8% of total sample and 38.4% of AR sample, respectively). At 3 years, for every 1-mm(2) increase in Penicillium species (adjusted odds ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.32, P = .002) and maple (adjusted odds ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.13, P = .02), wheal area significantly increased the risk of AER at 4 years of age. CONCLUSION Allergic eosinophilic rhinitis was identified in 8.8% of children at 4 years of age. Age 3 years was the earliest that aeroallergen SPT wheal areas were predictive of AER. Skin testing at 3 years identifies children at risk for an AR phenotype with nasal eosinophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Codispoti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Immunology/Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - David I Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Immunology/Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Linda Levin
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tiina Reponen
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Patrick H Ryan
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Asthma Research, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Manuel Villareal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Immunology/Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jeff Burkle
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Zana Lummus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Immunology/Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James E Lockey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Immunology/Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Grace K LeMasters
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Mites and other indoor allergens - from exposure to sensitization and treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 24:68-80. [PMID: 26120549 PMCID: PMC4479455 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-015-0049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
House dust mites, cats and dogs are amongst the most frequent sources of indoor allergens in Europe. The fact that the allergens of house dust mites cause allergic disease through inhalation of house dust was discovered in 1964. The diagnosis of mite allergy is regularly complicated by its often nonspecific symptoms, which frequently develop insidiously and by no means always include attacks of paroxysmal sneezing and itching. Antibody-based immunological detection methods can be used to measure exposure to mite allergens. The structure and function of more than 20 allergens from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farina are known. Other relevant indoor allergens come from mammals kept in households. Here again, allergens have been described and diagnostic as well as exposure-measurement tools are available. It is important to remember indoor pests and other „unwelcome lodgers“ as a possible cause in the case of unexplained symptoms experienced indoors. This short overview summarizes the current key points on the subject of „mites and other indoor allergens“. The present article provides an overview of several articles published in a special issue of the German journal Allergologie [February 2015; 38(2)] on the subject of „Mites and other indoor allergens“.
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Milben und andere Innenraumallergene — von der Exposition über die Sensibilisierung bis hin zur Therapie. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-015-0813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Portnoy J, Miller JD, Williams PB, Chew GL, Miller JD, Zaitoun F, Phipatanakul W, Kennedy K, Barnes C, Grimes C, Larenas-Linnemann D, Sublett J, Bernstein D, Blessing-Moore J, Khan D, Lang D, Nicklas R, Oppenheimer J, Randolph C, Schuller D, Spector S, Tilles SA, Wallace D. Environmental assessment and exposure control of dust mites: a practice parameter. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 111:465-507. [PMID: 24267359 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Ong KH, Lewis RD, Dixit A, MacDonald M, Yang M, Qian Z. Inactivation of dust mites, dust mite allergen, and mold from carpet. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2014; 11:519-527. [PMID: 24467247 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2014.880787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Carpet is known to be a reservoir for biological contaminants, such as dust mites, dust mite allergen, and mold, if it is not kept clean. The accumulation of these contaminants in carpet might trigger allergies or asthma symptoms in both children and adults. The purpose of this study is to compare methods for removal of dust mites, dust mite allergens, and mold from carpet. Carpets were artificially worn to simulate 1 to 2 years of wear in a four-person household. The worn carpets were inoculated together with a common indoor mold (Cladosporium species) and house dust mites and incubated for 6 weeks to allow time for dust mite growth on the carpet. The carpets were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment groups. Available treatment regimens for controlling carpet contaminants were evaluated through a literature review and experimentation. Four moderately low-hazard, nondestructive methods were selected as treatments: vacuuming, steam-vapor, Neem oil (a natural tree extract), and benzalkonium chloride (a quaternary ammonium compound). Steam vapor treatment demonstrated the greatest dust mite population reduction (p < 0.05) when compared to other methods. The two physical methods, steam vapor and vacuuming, have no statistically significant efficacy in inactivating dust mite allergens (p = 0.084), but have higher efficacy when compared to the chemical method on dust mite allergens (p = 0.002). There is no statistically significant difference in the efficacy for reducing mold in carpet (p > 0.05) for both physical and chemical methods. The steam-vapor treatment effectively killed dust mites and denatured dust mite allergen in the laboratory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee-Hean Ong
- a Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Saint Louis University College for Public Health and Social Justice , St. Louis , Missouri
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16
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Adgate JL, Banerjee S, Wang M, McKenzie LM, Hwang J, Ja Cho S, Ramachandran G. Performance of dust allergen carpet samplers in controlled laboratory studies. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2013; 23:385-391. [PMID: 23281430 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2012.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Allergens and other pollutants in house dust are collected using a variety of dust samplers that are assumed to operate similarly. This factorial design study compared sampler performance under controlled environmental conditions. House dust with known particle sizes (212-90, 90-45, and <45 μm) and allergen concentrations were sampled from new carpet squares with varying denier, pile height and pile densities. Dust mass and allergen recovery for total dust mites (Der p 1 and Der f 1), cat (Fel d 1) and cockroach allergen (Bla g 1) were assessed using the Eureka Mighty Mite (EURK), the High Volume Small Surface Sampler (HVS), or the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) method. Allergen concentrations were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and dust mass results were corrected for carpet fiber shedding. Samplers were compared by exploring mass collection efficiency (CE=fiber corrected dust mass/applied dust mass) and concentration ratio (CR=allergen concentration in collected sample/allergen concentration in test dust). Test dust allergen concentrations varied by particle size fraction due to varying laboratory performance over time. The EURK and HVS samplers had CEs of 41-63% in the small and medium particle size fractions, and collected less than 20% of the available dust from the large size fraction. The AIHA CE ranged from 10% to 17% in the medium and small particle size fractions, but collected little dust in the largest particle size fraction. The AIHA and HVS samplers were more likely to acquire more representative and less variable allergen CRs compared with the EURK method. Health studies that use allergen concentration as an exposure metric need to consider the implications of sampler performance when interpreting links to health outcomes and development of health-based standards for allergens in house dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Adgate
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA.
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17
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Kurita R, Yanagisawa H, Niwa O. Indoor allergen assessment quantified by a thin-layer electrochemical cell and magnetic beads. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 48:43-8. [PMID: 23644145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the electrochemical determination of mite allergen in real house dust by using a thin layer electrochemical flow cell and magnetic beads. Der p1, which is an allergen from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, was immunochemically sandwiched between two dispersed monoclonal antibodies; one was modified on the surface of magnetic beads and the other was modified with alkaline phosphatase. After washing the beads, a small volume of p-aminophenol phosphate (p-APP) was added to produce p-aminophenol (p-AP). And then the p-AP concentration was measured electrochemically with a homemade electrochemical cell. The Der p1 assay was completed within 30 min and a low detection limit of 0.3 ng/mL was achieved. This is because the diffusion distance of Der p1 and the detection antibody was reduced to 22.3 μm by using dispersed magnetic beads. Only 10 min was required to complete the entire immunoreaction, and 54% of the Der p1 was confirmed to have immunoreacted in only 1 min of mixing. Furthermore, the p-APP volume could be reduced using the thin-layer electrochemical flow cell. This is advantageous in terms of concentrating p-AP, and provides a high signal-to-noise ratio measurement in a short time. We achieved a high correlation (r=0.967, p<0.001) between our assay and a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for real house dust measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Kurita
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology-AIST, Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
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Jafta N, Batterman SA, Gqaleni N, Naidoo RN, Robins TG. Characterization of allergens and airborne fungi in low and middle-income homes of primary school children in Durban, South Africa. Am J Ind Med 2012; 55:1110-21. [PMID: 22674665 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The South Durban Health Study (SDHS) is a population-based study that examined the relationship between exposure to ambient air pollutants and respiratory disease among school children with high prevalence of asthma who resided in two purposely selected communities in north and south Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. METHODS From the SDHS participants, a subgroup of 135 families was selected for investigation of household characteristics potentially related to respiratory health. In these households, a walkthrough investigation was conducted, and settled dust and air samples were collected for allergen and fungal measurements using standardized techniques. RESULTS Asp f1 allergen was detected in all homes, and Bla g1 allergen was detected in half of the homes. House dust allergens, Der f1 and Der p1 exceeded concentrations associated with risk of sensitization and exacerbation of asthma in 3% and 13%, respectively, of the sampled homes, while Bla g1 exceeded guidance values in 13% of the homes. Although airborne fungal concentrations in sleep areas and indoors were lower than outdoor concentrations, they exceeded 1,000 CFU/m(3) in 29% of the homes. Multivariate analyses identified several home characteristics that were predictors of airborne fungal concentrations, including moisture, ventilation, floor type, and bedding type. Airborne fungal concentrations were similar indoors and outdoors, which likely reduced the significance of housing and indoor factors as determinants of indoor concentrations. CONCLUSION Allergen concentrations were highly variable in homes, and a portion of the variability can be attributed to easily recognized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkosana Jafta
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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19
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Cui Y. Structural biology of mite allergens. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:681-6. [PMID: 23054022 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mite allergens contribute to a significant proportion of human allergic symptoms, including asthma and rhinitis. The development of therapies to treat and prevent these symptoms depends largely on our understanding of the properties of these allergens. Much effort has been devoted to determining the structure and organization of mite allergens, particularly of the house dust mites, toward understanding their activities and how they elicit immunological responses in humans. Here, we review the structural biology of the major allergens from two species of house dust mites, Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus, as well as allergens from a storage mite, Blomia tropicalis. The knowledge gained from the structural biology of these allergens will enable progress in producing novel, more effective treatments for mite allergies based on specific immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yancheng Health Vocational & Technical College, Jiefangnan Road 263, Yancheng 224006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Miyajima K, Itabashi G, Koshida T, Tamari K, Takahashi D, Arakawa T, Kudo H, Saito H, Yano K, Shiba K, Mitsubayashi K. Fluorescence immunoassay using an optical fiber for determination of Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f1). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 182:233-241. [PMID: 21271355 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-1872-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Immunoassay methods are generally used for measuring of allergenic substances. However, they need special facilities, skilled handling, and time-consuming procedure. In this work, a fiber-optic immunoassay system which could measure allergen by fluorescent intensities of immune complexes formed by allergens and fluorescently labeled antibodies was established. Immune complexes absorbed on the optical fiber probe surface, and excitation light was injected into the probe, then evanescent field is created in the proximity of the probe. The fluorophores were excited by the evanescent light, and fluorescence was detected by a photo diode. The target allergen detected by our system was Der f1 derived from Dermatophagoides farinae that is one of the house dust mite and major source of inhaled allergens. The fluorophore used labeling on detecting antibody was cyanine 5. The system enabled to detect and quantitatively determine of Der f1. The measurement range was from 0.24 to 250 ng/ml, and the result competes with ELISA. The measurement time was 16 min/sample. The immunoassay system was applied to measurement of Der f1 from actual dust samples. Calculated values of Der f1 showed good correlations between the fiber-optic fluoroimmunoassay and ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Miyajima
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technology for Biomedical Sensors, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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21
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Sharma D, Dutta BK, Singh AB. Dust mites population in indoor houses of suspected allergic patients of South assam, India. ISRN ALLERGY 2011; 2011:576849. [PMID: 23724231 PMCID: PMC3658589 DOI: 10.5402/2011/576849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background. In the present study, quality and quantity of indoor dust mites was evaluated at the residence of 150 atopic allergic patients from four different districts of South Assam. Methods. Suspected patients with case history of allergic disease were selected for indoor survey. Dust samples (500 mg) were collected from the selected patient's house and were analyzed using standard methods. Results. About 60% of the selected patients were found suffering from respiratory disorders and rest 40% from skin allergy. The dominant mites recorded from indoor dust samples were Dermatophagoides followed by Blomia, Acarus, and Cheyletus while Caloglyphus was recorded in least number. The distribution of mites on the basis of housing pattern indicates that RCC type of buildings supports maximum dust mite's population followed by Assam type (semi-RCC) buildings, and the lowest count was observed in wooden houses. Environmental factors like temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity are found to determine the indoor mite's population. Severity of allergic attack in some of the typical cases was found to be proportional to the allergen load of mites in the dust samples. Conclusions. The economic status, housing pattern, and local environmental factors determine the diversity and abundance of dust mites in indoor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruba Sharma
- Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills, Arunachal Pradesh, Doimukh 791112, India
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22
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Breysse J, Wendt J, Dixon S, Murphy A, Wilson J, Meurer J, Cohn J, Jacobs DE. Nurse case management and housing interventions reduce allergen exposures: the Milwaukee randomized controlled trial. Public Health Rep 2011; 126 Suppl 1:89-99. [PMID: 21563716 PMCID: PMC3072907 DOI: 10.1177/00333549111260s112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the impact of a combination of home environmental interventions and nurse case management services on total settled dust loadings and on allergen concentrations in the homes of asthmatic children. METHODS Using a randomized longitudinal controlled trial study design, we randomly assigned homes of asthmatic children in Milwaukee to either a control (n = 64) or an intervention (n = 57) group. Control group homes received a visual assessment, education, bed/pillow dust mite encasings, and treatment of lead-based paint hazards. The intervention group received these same services plus nurse case management that included tailored, individual asthma action plans, provision of minor home repairs, home cleaning using special vacuuming and wet washing, and integrated pest management. Dust vacuum samples were collected from measured surface areas of floors in the TV room, kitchen, and child's bedroom at baseline and at three-, six-, and 12-month follow-up visits. Dust loading (mass per surface area) is a means of measuring total dust and the total amount of allergen present. RESULTS For the intervention group, geometric mean dust loadings declined significantly from baseline (39 milligrams per square foot [mg/ft2]) to postintervention (11 mg/ft2) (p < 0.001). Baseline dust loading, treatment group, visit, and season were significant predictors of follow-up dust loadings. Mean post-intervention dust loadings were 72% higher in the control group. The total amount of allergen in settled house dust declined significantly following the intervention because total dust loading declined; the concentration of allergens in settled dust did not change significantly. CONCLUSION The combination of nurse case management and home environmental interventions promotes collaboration between health and housing professionals and is effective in reducing exposures to allergens in settled dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Breysse
- National Center for Healthy Housing, Columbia, MD
| | | | - Sherry Dixon
- National Center for Healthy Housing, Columbia, MD
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Thongdee D, Rabablert J, Muninnobpamas T, Wasuwat P, Pipatchaipaisan R, Tiewchareon S, Malainual N. T cell responses to der f2 mite allergens in Thai allergic patients. Health (London) 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2011.37070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dales R, Ruest K, Guay M, Marro L, David Miller J. Residential fungal growth and incidence of acute respiratory illness during the first two years of life. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2010; 110:692-698. [PMID: 20655516 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether or not indoor mold growth causes acute childhood respiratory illness is controversial. OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of indoor fungus on the incidence of acute respiratory illness episodes during the first two years of life. METHODS Fungal indicators were measured in homes of children followed by daily symptom diaries and twice monthly telephone contact up to two years. PARTICIPANTS 357 children born in Prince Edward Island, Canada. RESULTS Generally, fungal contamination was not excessive with a geometric mean mold surface area (MSA) of 1012cm(2) (geometric standard deviation (GSD) 24.2). The annual mean illness episodes per child were 6.85 (Standard Deviation (SD) 2.80). The incidence of respiratory illness episodes was not significantly related to any of the mold indicators: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) derived F-statistic (p values) was 0.14 (0.7090) for mold surface area. CONCLUSIONS In homes not selected by degree of fungal contamination, fungal burden was generally not excessive and was not found to be a risk factor for acute respiratory illness episodes during the first two years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dales
- Medical Epidemiologist, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
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Gunnbjörnsdóttir MI, Norbäck D, Björnsson E, Soon A, Jarvis D, Jõgi R, Gislason D, Gislason T, Janson C. Indoor environment in three North European cities in relationship to atopy and respiratory symptoms. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2010; 3:85-94. [PMID: 20298383 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-699x.2008.00122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) I, the lowest prevalence of asthma and atopy was found in Reykjavík (Iceland) and Tartu (Estonia). The aim of this study was to compare home environments in Reykjavík and Tartu to a town with a higher prevalence of asthma and atopy (Uppsala, Sweden) in an attempt to identify factors in the indoor environment that could explain these differences. METHOD A random sample of 129 ECRHS II participants was included in this analysis at each of the three study centres. The subjects answered a questionnaire, blood was analysed for specific immunoglobulin E, a methacholine test was performed and home indoor measurements were taken. RESULTS The prevalence of atopy was 11.9% in Reykjavík, 35.5% in Uppsala and 28.2% in Tartu (P < 0.04). The level of indoor cat allergen was significantly lower in Reykjavík compared with Uppsala (P = 0.05). No mite allergens were identified in the 41 homes investigated in Reykjavík, while this was the case in 16% and 72% of the households in Uppsala and Tartu, respectively (P = 0.001). A positive association was found between asthma symptoms and cat allergen levels [odds ratio 1.53 (95% confidence interval 1.04-2.24)], while the levels of viable moulds were significantly associated with increased bronchial responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS Indoor exposure to allergens, moulds and bacteria was lower in Reykjavík than in the Swedish and Estonian centres. This finding indicates that the lower prevalence of allergic sensitization in Reykjavík may partly be related to lower indoor allergen exposure.
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Bertelsen RJ, Instanes C, Granum B, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Hetland G, Carlsen KH, Mowinckel P, Løvik M. Gender differences in indoor allergen exposure and association with current rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 40:1388-97. [PMID: 20545709 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences between boys and girls in allergic manifestations are well known, and this difference is possibly not attributed to physiological differences alone. OBJECTIVE We, therefore, investigated whether boys and girls could be exposed to different allergen levels at home and whether indoor allergen levels could be differently associated with rhinitis in boys and girls at 10 years of age. METHODS Cat, dog and house dust mite (HDM) allergen levels in mattress dust and interview data regarding current allergic disease were available for 797 10-year-old children (360 girls) in The Environment and Childhood Asthma Study in Oslo. RESULTS Girls had higher concentrations of cat and dog allergens in their mattresses compared with boys, also in homes without cats [geometric mean 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 0.37 (0.31, 0.44) for girls and 0.26 (0.23, 0.30) microg cat allergen/g dust for boys, P=0.002], and without dogs [girls: 0.74 (0.63, 0.86) and boys: 0.55 (0.48, 0.62) microg dog allergen/g dust, P=0.003]. No difference was observed for HDM allergen (Der p 1) levels. Of the 190 (23.8%) children reporting current rhinitis, 144 (75.8%) were sensitized to at least one allergen. The adjusted odds ratio for current rhinitis increased with 1.20 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.42) per 1 microg/g dust increase in Der p 1 for girls (P=0.037), but not for boys (P=0.91). CONCLUSION Girls had higher levels of cat and dog allergens in mattress dust compared with boys, whereas no difference was observed for Der p 1 allergen. Nevertheless, only increasing levels of Der p 1 and not cat and dog allergens significantly increased the risk of current rhinitis in girls, whereas no significant association was observed for boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Bertelsen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway.
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Bertelsen RJ, Carlsen KCL, Carlsen KH, Granum B, Doekes G, Håland G, Mowinckel P, Løvik M. Childhood asthma and early life exposure to indoor allergens, endotoxin and beta(1,3)-glucans. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 40:307-16. [PMID: 20210808 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Divergent results have been reported regarding early life exposure to indoor environmental agents and the risk of asthma and allergic sensitization later in life. OBJECTIVE To assess whether early exposure to indoor allergens, beta(1,3)-glucans and endotoxin modifies the risk of allergic diseases at 10 years of age. METHODS The concentrations of mite, cat and dog allergens, endotoxin and beta(1,3)-glucans were determined in dust from the homes of 260 two-year-old children with lung function measured at birth (tidal flow volume loops) in the Environment and Childhood Asthma study in Oslo. At 10 years, the health status was assessed in a follow-up study including a structured interview of the parents and an extended clinical examination. RESULTS Cat and dog keeping at 2 years of age was reported in 6.5% and 5.5% of the families, respectively. Mite allergens were detected in only 4/260 dust samples. The adjusted odds ratio for asthma at age 10 was 1.20 (95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.43) and 1.22 (1.02-1.46) for bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) per 10 microg/g dust increase in cat allergen exposure at 2 years of age. No association was seen with allergic sensitization. Moreover, endotoxin and beta(1,3)-glucan exposure did not modify the risk of asthma or allergic sensitization. None of the measured environmental factors were associated with lung function at 10 years of age or a relative change in lung function from birth. CONCLUSION In a community with a low prevalence of pet keeping and low mite allergen levels, exposure to cat allergens early in life increased the risk of late childhood asthma and BHR, but not the risk of allergic sensitization. No risk modification was seen for dog allergens, endotoxin and beta(1,3)-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Bertelsen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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Pongracic JA, O'Connor GT, Muilenberg ML, Vaughn B, Gold DR, Kattan M, Morgan WJ, Gruchalla RS, Smartt E, Mitchell HE. Differential effects of outdoor versus indoor fungal spores on asthma morbidity in inner-city children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:593-9. [PMID: 20132971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although sensitization to fungal allergens is prevalent in inner-city children with asthma, the relationship between fungal exposure and morbidity is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We examined relationships between fungal sensitization, exposure, and asthma morbidity in inner-city children. METHODS Participants were 5 to 11 years old and enrolled in the Inner-City Asthma Study. This report includes the subset of children with at least 1 positive skin test (PST) response to a fungal allergen extract; for these children, indoor and outdoor airborne culturable fungi levels were measured at baseline and throughout the 2-year study. Asthma morbidity measures were collected prospectively. The primary outcome was symptom days per 2 weeks. RESULTS At baseline, children with a PST response to a fungal allergen extract had significantly more symptom days compared with those without a PST response to any fungal allergen extract (6.3 vs 5.7 days per 2 weeks, P = .04). During the study, increases in total fungal exposure and indoor Penicillium species exposure were associated with increases in symptom days and asthma-related unscheduled visits. Indoor exposures to total fungi and to Penicillium species were associated with significant increases in unscheduled visits, even after controlling for outdoor fungal levels. Adverse effects associated with exposure to a specific fungus were stronger among children with PST responses to that fungal allergen extract compared with those seen in children with negative skin test responses. CONCLUSION Outdoor fungal exposure is primarily associated with increased asthma symptoms and increased risk of exacerbations in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Pongracic
- Children's Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill, USA.
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Tranter DC, Wobbema AT, Norlien K, Dorschner DF. Indoor allergens in Minnesota schools and child care centers. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2009; 6:582-591. [PMID: 19585331 DOI: 10.1080/15459620903103454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of allergens in the indoor environment may cause allergic sensitization and symptoms. Occupant exposure to indoor allergens in educational facilities should and can be controlled. This study (1) assessed the presence of indoor allergens in Minnesota schools and child care centers, (2) characterized the distribution of allergens in different materials, and (3) evaluated the effect of building and maintenance interventions on allergen concentrations. Settled dust samples were collected from carpet, vinyl tile floors, and upholstered furniture in six schools and seven child care centers before and after interventions. Interventions included changes to cleaning, ventilation, entry mats, furnishings, flooring, and classroom items. The amount of total dust, culturable fungi, and indoor allergens--cockroach, dust mite, cat, and dog--were quantified in the dust samples. Cockroach and dust mite allergens were generally low and below the detection limit, but one dust mite allergen was detected in some areas. Cat and dog allergens were frequently detected at elevated levels, with half the samples above the provisional sensitization risk thresholds and a few samples above the symptom thresholds. Allergen concentrations were highest in upholstered furniture, followed by carpeting and then vinyl floor tile. Cat and dog allergens were lower after the interventions. Cat and dog allergens, but not dust mite and cockroach allergens, seem to be ubiquitous in child care and elementary schools of the U.S. Midwest. These allergens may contribute to sensitization in atopic individuals and occasionally cause symptoms in sensitized allergic individuals. Fleecy materials that are not adequately cleaned, such as upholstered furniture, appear to be the most significant allergen reservoirs. Modest environmental interventions can be implemented by building staff, which should result in lower allergen concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Tranter
- Minnesota Department of Health, Division of Environmental Health, P.O. Box 64975, St. Paul, MN 55164-0975, USA.
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Yu CH, Yiin LM, Fan ZH(T, Rhoads GG. Evaluation of HEPA vacuum cleaning and dry steam cleaning in reducing levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and house dust mite allergens in carpets. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING : JEM 2009; 11:205-11. [PMID: 19137159 PMCID: PMC4035666 DOI: 10.1039/b807821a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dry steam cleaning, which has gained recent attention as an effective method to reduce house dust mite (HDM) allergen concentration and loading in carpets, was evaluated in this study for its efficacy in lowering levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as HDM allergens. Fifty urban homes with wall-to-wall carpets, mostly low-income and with known lead contamination, were studied in 2003 and 2004. Two carpet-cleaning interventions were compared: Repeated HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air filtered) vacuuming alone and repeated HEPA vacuuming supplemented with dry steam cleaning. Vacuum samples were collected to measure carpet loading of dust and contaminants immediately before and after cleaning. Paired comparisons were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the cleaning protocols in reducing the levels of PAHs and HDM allergens in carpets. The results indicated that both cleaning methods substantially reduced the loading of PAHs and HDM allergens as well as dust in carpets (p < 0.0001). The reductions in loading of dust (64.4%), PAHs (69.1%), and HDM allergens (85.5%), by dry steam cleaning plus repetitive HEPA vacuuming were larger than the reductions by regular HEPA vacuuming alone: dust (55.5%), PAHs (58.6%), and HDM allergens (80.8%), although the difference was statistically significant only for dust and PAHs. We conclude that intensive HEPA vacuum cleaning substantially reduced the loading of PAHs and HDM allergens in carpets in these urban homes and that dry steam cleaning added modestly to cleaning effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Yu
- Exposure Science Division, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Lih-Ming Yiin
- Department of Public Health, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan ROC
- School of Public Health – University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Room 128, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Zhi-Hua (Tina) Fan
- Exposure Science Division, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - George G. Rhoads
- School of Public Health – University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Room 128, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
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Adgate JL, Ramachandran G, Cho SJ, Ryan AD, Grengs J. Allergen levels in inner city homes: baseline concentrations and evaluation of intervention effectiveness. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2008; 18:430-440. [PMID: 18059423 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jes.7500638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Allergens in house dust are risk factors for asthma causation and exacerbation, and asthma interventions often focus on exposure reduction using methods that may not be sustainable over time in low-income communities. A randomized controlled trial with up to six home visits was used to evaluate the effectiveness of two interventions focused on reducing dust loading and allergen concentrations in 47 low-income inner-city households in Minneapolis, MN. The interventions, which included education and relatively inexpensive cleaning procedures, were developed using a community-based participatory consultation process with focus groups held in English, Somali, and Spanish to incorporate community feedback from participants into protocols and study design decisions. Change in levels of cat, cockroach, dust mite, and culturable fungi as well as overall dust loading were evaluated by measuring the difference in concentrations before and after the cleaning intervention, and mixed models were used to assess the effect of education and cleaning on baseline allergen levels during the final three home visits. The cleaning intervention significantly lowered dust loading in all households and culturable fungi levels in single family homes, reduced cat allergen concentrations in homes with cats, but had no significant effect on cockroach allergen levels. The cleaning intervention also modestly decreased the frequency of observed allergen concentrations above suggested health benchmarks for cat, cockroach, and fungi. The cleaning and education interventions had similar effects on baseline allergen levels measured during subsequent home visits; both interventions significantly reduced baseline levels of cat and fungal allergens observed in pre-cleaning samples, but had no significant effect on cockroach allergen levels. Overall, the cleaning intervention modestly reduced potential exposure to risk factors associated with asthma mortality and morbidity in a way that can be implemented by most homeowners or renters, independent of education, income, or the ability to speak English.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Adgate
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnessota, USA.
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SHEN HD, LIN WL, TSAI LC, TAM MF, CHUA KY, CHEN HL, HSIEH KH, LI CS, THOMAS WR. Characterization of the allergen Der f 7 from house dust mite extracts by species-specific and crossreactive monoclonal antibodies. Clin Exp Allergy 2008. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.1997.650890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bodini A, Peroni D, Loiacono A, Costella S, Pigozzi R, Baraldi E, Boner AL, Piacentini GL. Exhaled nitric oxide daily evaluation is effective in monitoring exposure to relevant allergens in asthmatic children. Chest 2007; 132:1520-5. [PMID: 17890466 DOI: 10.1378/chest.07-1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though asthma is an airway inflammatory disease, the assessment of treatment efficacy is mainly based on symptom monitoring and the evaluation of lung function parameters. This study was aimed to evaluate the feasibility of exhaled nitric oxide monitoring in allergic asthmatic children who were exposed to relevant allergens in their homes. METHODS Twenty-two children allergic to mites underwent twice-daily fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) therapy using a portable device (NIOX MINO; Aerocrine AB; Stockholm, Sweden) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements before, during, and after periods of natural exposure to mite allergens. The children were admitted to the study if they had lived in a mite-free environment for 3 months. They were observed in this environment for 10 days and then were moved to a site with natural mite exposure at sea level for 19 days. Finally, they were relocated to the mite-free environment for a period of 6 days for follow-up measurements. RESULTS Significant differences were seen between the mite-free baseline FeNO level (26.4 parts per billion [ppb]; range, 19.3 to 36.2 ppb) and FeNO levels measured during natural mite exposure (37.3 ppb; 27.3 to 51 ppb) and after natural mite exposure (34.9 natural mite exposure; 25.2 to 48.2 ppb). Six children reported asthma symptoms during the mite exposure, and an increase in FeNO was observed in each case (p<0.031); PEF values showed no significant differences, whether between the different environments or between different periods. CONCLUSIONS These data give further evidence for a possible role of frequent determinations of FeNO in order to promptly assess changes in the level of airway inflammation in asthmatic children.
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Alvarez-Cuesta E, Berges-Gimeno P, González-Mancebo E, Mancebo EG, Fernández-Caldas E, Cuesta-Herranz J, Casanovas M. Sublingual immunotherapy with a standardized cat dander extract: evaluation of efficacy in a double blind placebo controlled study. Allergy 2007; 62:810-7. [PMID: 17573730 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information is available on the clinical efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) using extracts derived from mammalian epithelia. OBJECTIVES To assess clinical efficacy of cat SLIT based on natural exposure challenge test (NCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty cat allergic patients with rhinoconjunctivitis with or without asthma were included in a randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial of cat SLIT during 1 year. Twenty-five patients received active treatment and 25 placebo. Sublingual immunotherapy efficacy was assessed by natural exposure challenge to a cat in a cat-room and by skin tests. Airborne Fel d 1 levels, symptom scores and peak expiratory flow (PEF) values were monitored. RESULTS Thirty-three (66%) out of 50 patients completed the treatment. Fel d 1 content of the maximum concentration was 0.51 microg per ml. During the build up phase, the accumulated dose was 1.7 mug of Fel d 1 and during the entire length of the study was 17.1. No adverse reports were reported. The active group showed a marked reduction (62%) in symptoms during the NCT (P < 0.001) with no changes in placebo group. Active group also showed a reduced PEF response to cat exposure (P < 0.05), and an improvement in skin test reactivity to a standardized cat extract (P < 0.05), without significant changes in placebo group. Mean Fel d 1 exposure during the NCT was 6.2 +/- 2.21 ng/m(3). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the cat SLIT used in this study was able to improve cat allergy based on natural exposure challenge.
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Lu Y, Ohshima T, Ushio H, Hamada Y, Shiomi K. Immunological characteristics of monoclonal antibodies against shellfish major allergen tropomyosin. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Turyk M, Curtis L, Scheff P, Contraras A, Coover L, Hernandez E, Freels S, Persky V. Environmental allergens and asthma morbidity in low-income children. J Asthma 2006; 43:453-7. [PMID: 16952864 DOI: 10.1080/02770900600758333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Asthma morbidity is high in inner-city children in the United States, which may be related in part to increased allergens in poorly maintained housing. This study examined asthma morbidity in relation to mold, cockroach, dust mite, and cat allergens in the homes of 61 low-income Chicago children with asthma. Children exposed to higher levels of Penicillium in the bedroom had more frequent asthma symptoms, whereas those exposed to higher levels of cockroach allergen in the bedroom had a higher number of asthma symptoms. Respiratory infections confounded the association of cockroach allergen with number of asthma symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Turyk
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA.
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Liu Z, Bai Y, Ji K, Liu X, Cai C, Yu H, Li M, Bao Y, Lian Y, Gao B. Detection of Dermatophagoides farinae in the dust of air conditioning filters. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 144:85-90. [PMID: 17505140 DOI: 10.1159/000102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The allergenic dust mite species Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae generally inhabit warm moist environments. This study tested the hypothesis that these allergenic species may thrive in air conditioner filters. METHODS A year-long investigation of the dust mite population densities and species identities living in air conditioner filters in Shenzhen City in Southern China was performed. Additional data describing the levels of major dust mite allergen proteins from samples collected in July and August 2004 were analyzed. Genetic polymorphism analysis of Der f 1 and Der f 2 genes in the collected animals was also conducted. RESULTS Our investigation revealed that larval dust mites started to grow in March, from which time their populations proceeded to steadily increase until reaching their population zenith in July and August. The dust mite populations decreased sharply in October and live dust mites were no longer observed in the winter. Among the mites collected in July and August, 30.1 and 25.8% were of the species D. farinae. The concentration of Der f 1 was 3.04 +/- 1.75 and 3.21 +/- 1.84 microg/g dust in July and August, respectively, and that of Der f 2 was 2.15 +/- 0.82 and 2.04 +/- 1.15 microg/g dust. Four types of Der f 1 and 5 types of Der f 2 cDNA sequences were cloned from collected Der f mites. Their sequences were highly homologous with those previously published in GenBank (No. AB034946.1 and No. AB195580.1). CONCLUSIONS This research demonstrated that Der f allergens exist in the dust of air conditioner filters in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liu
- College of Life Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Kovesi T, Creery D, Gilbert NL, Dales R, Fugler D, Thompson B, Randhawa N, Miller JD. Indoor air quality risk factors for severe lower respiratory tract infections in Inuit infants in Baffin Region, Nunavut: a pilot study. INDOOR AIR 2006; 16:266-75. [PMID: 16842607 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2006.00423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Inuit infants have extremely high rates of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), but the causes for this are unclear. The aims of this study were to assess, in young Inuit children in Baffin Region, Nunavut, the feasibility of an epidemiologic study of the association between indoor air quality (IAQ) and respiratory health; to obtain data on IAQ in their housing; and to identify and classify risk factors for LRTI. Twenty houses in Cape Dorset, Nunavut with children below 2 years of age, were evaluated using a structured housing inspection and measurement of IAQ parameters, and a respiratory health questionnaire was administered. Twenty-five percent of the children had, at some time, been hospitalized for chest illness. Houses were very small, and had a median of six occupants per house. Forty-one percent of the houses had a calculated natural air change rate <0.35 air changes per hour. NO(2) concentrations were within the acceptable range. Smokers were present in at least 90% of the households, and nicotine concentrations exceeded 1.5 microg/m(3) in 25% of the dwellings. Particulates were found to be correlated closely with nicotine but not with NO(2) concentrations, suggesting that their main source was cigarette smoking rather than leakage from furnaces. Mattress fungal levels were markedly increased, although building fungal concentrations were low. Dust-mites were virtually non-existent. Potential risk factors related to IAQ for viral LRTI in Inuit infants were observed in this study, including reduced air exchange and environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Severe lower respiratory tract infection is common in Inuit infants. We found reduced air change rates and high occupancy levels in houses in Cape Dorset, which may increase the risk of respiratory infections. This suggests the measures to promote better ventilation or more housing may be beneficial. Further health benefits may be obtained by reducing bed sharing by infants and greater turnover of mattresses, which were found to have high levels of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kovesi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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CUSTOVIC A, GREEN R, SMITH A, CHAPMAN MD, WOODCOCK A. New mattresses: how fast do they become a significant source of exposure to house dust mite allergens? Clin Exp Allergy 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00520.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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SMEDJE G, NORBÄCK D, EDLING C. Asthma among secondary schoolchildren in relation to the school environment. Clin Exp Allergy 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb01171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dharmage S, Walters EH, Thien F, Bailey M, Raven J, Wharton C, Rolland J, Light L, Freezer N, Abramson M. Encasement of bedding does not improve asthma in atopic adult asthmatics. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2005; 139:132-8. [PMID: 16374022 DOI: 10.1159/000090388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2005] [Accepted: 09/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We evaluated the impact of impermeable bed covers on asthma in asthmatics with clinically relevant house dust mite (HDM) sensitization. METHODS The study included 32 HDM-sensitized asthmatics in whom HDM allergy was considered as a significant factor in their asthma. They were randomized into either an intervention group whose bedding was encased with impermeable covers, or a control group who received cotton covers. Before and 3 and 6 months after encasement, dust samples were collected from the bedding and assayed for Der p 1. Clinical outcomes included quality of life, lung function, bronchial reactivity to methacholine, symptoms, medications and peak flow rates. RESULTS Baseline Der p 1 levels in both the active and the placebo groups were comparable and high (19.2 vs 18.9 microg/g of dust). There was a significant reduction in Der p 1 levels in the active group after 6 months, but not in the placebo group (7.3 vs 21.9 microg/g of dust). Quality of life improved significantly in both the intervention and control groups, but there was no significant difference in the improvements between the groups. There was no significant change in lung function, symptoms, and requirements for medications. CONCLUSIONS Encasement of bedding significantly reduced the Der p 1 levels. However, this was not sufficient to produce worthwhile clinical improvement in those in whom dust mite avoidance might well have been recommended as part of their clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dharmage
- Department of Public Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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Bradman A, Chevrier J, Tager I, Lipsett M, Sedgwick J, Macher J, Vargas AB, Cabrera EB, Camacho JM, Weldon R, Kogut K, Jewell NP, Eskenazi B. Association of housing disrepair indicators with cockroach and rodent infestations in a cohort of pregnant Latina women and their children. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2005; 113:1795-801. [PMID: 16330367 PMCID: PMC1314924 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Health burdens associated with poor housing and indoor pest infestations are likely to affect young children in particular, who spend most of their time indoors at home. We completed environmental assessments in 644 homes of pregnant Latina women and their children living in the Salinas Valley, California. High residential densities were common, with 39% of homes housing > 1.5 persons per room. Housing disrepair was also common: 58% of homes had peeling paint, 43% had mold, 25% had water damage, and 11% had rotting wood. Evidence of cockroaches and rodents was present in 60% and 32% of homes, respectively. Compared with representative national survey data from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, homes in our sample were more likely to have rodents, peeling paint, leaks under sinks, and much higher residential densities. The odds of rodent infestations in homes increased in the presence of peeling paint [odds ratio (OR) 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-3.1], water damage (OR 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7), and mold (OR 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0-2.1). The odds of cockroach infestation increased in the presence of peeling paint (OR 3.8; 95% CI, 2.7-5.6), water damage (OR 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-2.9), or high residential density (OR 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.8). Homes that were less clean than average were more prone to both types of infestations. Pesticides were stored or used in 51% of households, partly to control roach and rodent infestations. These data indicate that adverse housing conditions are common in this community and increase the likelihood of pest infestations and home pesticide use. Interventions to improve housing and promote children's health and safety in this population are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Bradman
- Center for Children's Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7380, USA.
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Ramachandran G, Adgate JL, Banerjee S, Church TR, Jones D, Fredrickson A, Sexton K. Indoor air quality in two urban elementary schools--measurements of airborne fungi, carpet allergens, CO2, temperature, and relative humidity. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2005; 2:553-66. [PMID: 16223714 DOI: 10.1080/15459620500324453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This article presents measurements of biological contaminants in two elementary schools that serve inner city minority populations. One of the schools is an older building; the other is newer and was designed to minimize indoor air quality problems. Measurements were obtained for airborne fungi, carpet loadings of dust mite allergens, cockroach allergens, cat allergens, and carpet fungi. Carbon dioxide concentrations, temperature, and relative humidity were also measured. Each of these measurements was made in five classrooms in each school over three seasons--fall, winter, and spring. We compared the indoor environments at the two schools and examined the variability in measured parameters between and within schools and across seasons. A fixed-effects, nested analysis was performed to determine the effect of school, season, and room-within-school, as well as CO2, temperature and relative humidity. The levels of all measured parameters were comparable for the two schools. Carpet culturable fungal concentrations and cat allergen levels in the newer school started and remained higher than in the older school over the study period. Cockroach allergen levels in some areas were very high in the newer school and declined over the study period to levels lower than the older school. Dust mite allergen and culturable fungal concentrations in both schools were relatively low compared with benchmark values. The daily averages for temperature and relative humidity frequently did not meet ASHRAE guidelines in either school, which suggests that proper HVAC and general building operation and maintenance procedures are at least as important as proper design and construction for adequate indoor air quality. The results show that for fungi and cat allergens, the school environment can be an important exposure source for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurumurthy Ramachandran
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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Enrique E, Pineda F, Malek T, Bartra J, Basagaña M, Tella R, Castelló JV, Alonso R, de Mateo JA, Cerdá-Trias T, San Miguel-Moncín MDM, Monzón S, García M, Palacios R, Cisteró-Bahíma A. Sublingual immunotherapy for hazelnut food allergy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a standardized hazelnut extract. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 116:1073-9. [PMID: 16275379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Revised: 08/16/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy may be life-threatening, and patients affected need to receive accurate diagnoses and treatment. Hazelnut has often been implicated as responsible for allergic reactions, and trace quantities can induce systemic reactions. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of sublingual immunotherapy with a standardized hazelnut extract in patients allergic to hazelnut. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Inclusion criteria were a history of hazelnut allergy and positive skin prick test and double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge results. Patients were then randomly assigned into 2 treatment groups (hazelnut immunotherapy or placebo). Efficacy was assessed by double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge after 8 to 12 weeks of treatment. Blood samples were drawn for measurement of specific IgE, IgG(4), and serum cytokines before and after treatment. RESULTS Twenty-three patients were enrolled and divided into 2 treatment groups. Twenty-two patients reached the planned maximum dose at 4 days. Systemic reactions were observed in only 0.2% of the total doses administered. Mean hazelnut quantity provoking objective symptoms increased from 2.29 g to 11.56 g (P = .02; active group) versus 3.49 g to 4.14 g (placebo; NS). Moreover, almost 50% of patients who underwent active treatment reached the highest dose (20 g), but only 9% in the placebo. Laboratory data showed an increase in IgG(4) and IL-10 levels after immunotherapy in only the active group. CONCLUSION Our data confirm significant increases in tolerance to hazelnut after sublingual immunotherapy as assessed by double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge, and good tolerance to this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Enrique
- Allergy Department, Hospital General de Castellón, Castellón, Spain.
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Arbes SJ, Sever M, Vaughn B, Mehta J, Lynch JT, Mitchell H, Hoppin JA, Spencer HL, Sandler DP, Zeldin DC. Feasibility of using subject-collected dust samples in epidemiologic and clinical studies of indoor allergens. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2005; 113:665-9. [PMID: 15929886 PMCID: PMC1257588 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies of indoor allergen exposures are often limited by the cost and logistics of sending technicians to homes to collect dust. In this study we evaluated the feasibility of having subjects collect their own dust samples. The objectives were to compare allergen concentrations between subject- and technician-collected samples and to examine the sample return rate. Using a dust collection device and written instructions provided to them by mail, 102 subjects collected a combined dust sample from a bed and bedroom floor. Later the same day, a technician collected a side-by-side sample. Dust samples were weighed and analyzed for the cat allergen Fel d 1 and the dust mite allergen Der p 1. Fifty additional subjects who were enrolled by telephone were mailed dust collection packages and asked to return a dust sample and questionnaire by mail. A technician did not visit their homes. Correlations between subject- and technician-collected samples were strong for concentrations of Fel d 1 (r = 0.88) and Der p 1 (r = 0.87). With allergen concentrations dichotomized at lower limits of detection and clinically relevant thresholds, agreements between methodologies ranged from 91 to 98%. Although dust weights were correlated (r = 0.48, p < 0.001), subjects collected lighter samples. Among the group of 50 subjects, 46 returned a dust sample and completed questionnaire. The median number of days to receive a sample was 15. With some limitations, subject-collected dust sampling appears to be a valid and practical option for epidemiologic and clinical studies that report allergen concentration as a measure of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Arbes
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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46
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Breysse PN, Buckley TJ, Williams D, Beck CM, Jo SJ, Merriman B, Kanchanaraksa S, Swartz LJ, Callahan KA, Butz AM, Rand CS, Diette GB, Krishnan JA, Moseley AM, Curtin-Brosnan J, Durkin NB, Eggleston PA. Indoor exposures to air pollutants and allergens in the homes of asthmatic children in inner-city Baltimore. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2005; 98:167-176. [PMID: 15820722 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2004.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2004] [Revised: 07/26/2004] [Accepted: 07/30/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents indoor air pollutant concentrations and allergen levels collected from the homes of 100 Baltimore city asthmatic children participating in an asthma intervention trial. Particulate matter (PM), NO2, and O3 samples were collected over 72 h in the child's sleeping room. Time-resolved PM was also assessed using a portable direct-reading nephelometer. Dust allergen samples were collected from the child's bedroom, the family room, and the kitchen. The mean PM10 concentration, 56.5+/-40.7 microg/m3, is 25% higher than the PM2.5 concentration (N=90), 45.1+/-37.5 microg/m3. PM concentrations measured using a nephelometer are consistent and highly correlated with gravimetric estimates. Smoking households' average PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are 33-54 microg/m3 greater than those of nonsmoking houses, with each cigarette smoked adding 1.0 microm/m3 to indoor PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. Large percentages of NO2 and O3 samples, 25% and 75%, respectively, were below the limit of detection. The mean NO2 indoor concentration is 31.6+/-40.2 ppb, while the mean indoor O3 concentration in the ozone season was 3.3+/-7.7 ppb. The levels of allergens are similar to those found in other inner cities. Results presented in this paper indicate that asthmatic children in Baltimore are exposed to elevated allergens and indoor air pollutants. Understanding this combined insult may help to explain the differential asthma burden between inner-city and non-inner-city children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N Breysse
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street Room W6010A, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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47
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Tavernier GOG, Fletcher GD, Francis HC, Oldham LA, Fletcher AM, Blacklock G, Stewart L, Gee I, Watson A, Frank TL, Frank P, Pickering CAC, Niven RML. Endotoxin exposure in asthmatic children and matched healthy controls: results of IPEADAM study. INDOOR AIR 2005; 15 Suppl 10:25-32. [PMID: 15926941 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2005.00354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Children spend increasing time indoors. Exposure to environmental factors may contribute to the development or exacerbation of the asthmatic phenotype. Inter-relationships between these factors might influence the manifestation of asthma. Endotoxin exposure has been shown to have pro-inflammatory and protective effects in different situations. We investigated the exposure to several indoor pollutants (endotoxin, Der p 1, damp, ETS, PM2.5) in asthmatic and healthy children. The children were recruited from two primary care centers according to their response to a validated questionnaire. Asthmatic children were matched for sex, age and sib-ship size with children living in asthma free households. Of 90 matched pairs, higher levels of endotoxin were found in the living room carpets, but not the bedroom carpet or mattresses of the asthma compared with the control homes (STATA analysis OR: 1.88 (1.11-3.18); P=0.018). Asthmatic children were also more likely to live as part of a single parent family, in a house where the parents self-reported the presence of damp, and where the living room had been redecorated in the 12 months prior to the sampling visits. This study suggests that endotoxin in urban homes is a risk factor for the development of asthma. Moreover, this study found that there were no statistically significant interactions between environmental factors. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This study has demonstrated that the home environments of English children (4-17) with asthma and without the disease do not differ greatly. With the exception of endotoxin, the parameters examined in this study, including house dust mite allergens, nitrogen dioxide, ETS and damp are unlikely to be related to the development of asthma. Avoidance of these pollutants may not be beneficial in preventing asthma in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O G Tavernier
- North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester M23 9LT, UK.
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48
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Blomia tropicalis is an important mite species in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Blo t 5 is the major allergen with up to 70% sensitization rates in B. tropicalis allergic populations. METHODS Mice were immunized intramuscularly with naked plasmid DNA encoding Blo t 5 gene with in vivo electroporation. Blo t 5 monoclonal antibodies were generated using methylcellulose-based hybridoma kit. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 4A7 was characterized by two-dimensional electrophoresis immunoblotting. A specific quantitative two-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed with mAb 4A7 and guinea pigs Blo t 5 polyclonal antibody as capture and detection antibodies, respectively. This system was tested with Blo t 5 in crude extracts and dust samples. RESULTS A high-affinity mAb 4A7 recognizing several isoforms of Blo t 5 has been generated. Monoclonal antibody 4A7 is useful for immunoblotting and two-site ELISA. The two-site ELISA developed has a high sensitivity, with a detection limit of 10 pg/ml. The assay is species-specific and recognized the same epitopes on both native and recombinant Blo t 5. The assay developed is able to detect Blo t 5 in commercial diagnostic and therapeutic B. tropicalis extract. Blo t 5 quantification in dust samples showed that Blo t 5 is present in a high quantity in Singapore dust. CONCLUSIONS A highly sensitive and specific two-site ELISA has been developed. The assay system developed is useful for the quantification of Blo t 5 in mite and environmental dust extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Yi
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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49
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Morgan WJ, Crain EF, Gruchalla RS, O'Connor GT, Kattan M, Evans R, Stout J, Malindzak G, Smartt E, Plaut M, Walter M, Vaughn B, Mitchell H. Results of a home-based environmental intervention among urban children with asthma. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1068-80. [PMID: 15356304 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa032097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 720] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with asthma who live in the inner city are exposed to multiple indoor allergens and environmental tobacco smoke in their homes. Reductions in these triggers of asthma have been difficult to achieve and have seldom been associated with decreased morbidity from asthma. The objective of this study was to determine whether an environmental intervention tailored to each child's allergic sensitization and environmental risk factors could improve asthma-related outcomes. METHODS We enrolled 937 children with atopic asthma (age, 5 to 11 years) in seven major U.S. cities in a randomized, controlled trial of an environmental intervention that lasted one year (intervention year) and included education and remediation for exposure to both allergens and environmental tobacco smoke. Home environmental exposures were assessed every six months, and asthma-related complications were assessed every two months during the intervention and for one year after the intervention. RESULTS For every 2-week period, the intervention group had fewer days with symptoms than did the control group both during the intervention year (3.39 vs. 4.20 days, P<0.001) and the year afterward (2.62 vs. 3.21 days, P<0.001), as well as greater declines in the levels of allergens at home, such as Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f1) allergen in the bed (P<0.001) and on the bedroom floor (P=0.004), D. pteronyssinus in the bed (P=0.007), and cockroach allergen on the bedroom floor (P<0.001). Reductions in the levels of cockroach allergen and dust-mite allergen (Der f1) on the bedroom floor were significantly correlated with reduced complications of asthma (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Among inner-city children with atopic asthma, an individualized, home-based, comprehensive environmental intervention decreases exposure to indoor allergens, including cockroach and dust-mite allergens, resulting in reduced asthma-associated morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne J Morgan
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Swartz LJ, Callahan KA, Butz AM, Rand CS, Kanchanaraksa S, Diette GB, Krishnan JA, Breysse PN, Buckley TJ, Mosley AM, Eggleston PA. Methods and issues in conducting a community-based environmental randomized trial. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2004; 95:156-65. [PMID: 15147921 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2003.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2003] [Revised: 08/06/2003] [Accepted: 08/11/2003] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The environment is suspected to play an important role in the prevalence and severity of asthma in inner-city children. This paper describes the implementation and baseline data of an inner-city community-based participatory research clinical trial designed to test the effectiveness of a pollutant and allergen control strategy on children's asthma morbidity. Participants were 100 elementary-school-aged children with asthma, graduates of a school-based asthma education program in East Baltimore. The intervention for half of the randomly assigned families consisted of environmental control education, allergen-proof encasements, pest extermination, and a HEPA air cleaner at the beginning of the study. Controls received the same at the end of the study. Participants visited a clinic for questionnaires, allergy skin testing, spirometry, and blood sample at baseline and 12 months. Home environments, NO(2), O(3), airborne particulates, and allergens were evaluated at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. Asthma morbidity and adherence was assessed quarterly. Collaboration with the community proved very beneficial in creating a study design and procedures acceptable to an inner-city community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee J Swartz
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, CMSC 1102 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-3923, USA
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