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Engineering the gut microbiota to treat chronic diseases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7657-7671. [PMID: 32696297 PMCID: PMC7484268 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbes play vital roles in host health and disease. A number of commensal bacteria have been used as vectors for genetic engineering to create living therapeutics. This review highlights recent advances in engineering gut bacteria for the treatment of chronic diseases such as metabolic diseases, cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, and autoimmune disorders. KEY POINTS: • Bacterial homing to tumors has been exploited to deliver therapeutics in mice models. • Engineered bacteria show promise in mouse models of metabolic diseases. • Few engineered bacterial treatments have advanced to clinical studies.
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2
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King SJ, Bunz M, Chappell A, Scharl M, Docherty M, Jung B, Lytle C, McCole DF. AMPK mediates inhibition of electrolyte transport and NKCC1 activity by reactive oxygen species. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G171-G181. [PMID: 31070932 PMCID: PMC6734373 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00317.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species such as H2O2 are believed to play a prominent role in the injury and loss of transport function that affect the intestinal epithelium in inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases. Defects in intestinal epithelial ion transport regulation contribute to dysbiosis and inflammatory phenotypes. We previously showed that H2O2 inhibits Ca2+-dependent Cl- secretion across intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)- and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent mechanism that occurs, at least in part, through inhibition of the basolateral Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter NKCC1. NKCC1 governs Cl- entry into crypt IECs and thus plays a critical role in maintaining the driving force for Cl- secretion. Electrolyte transport consumes large amounts of cellular energy, and direct pharmacological activation of the cellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been shown to inhibit a number of ion transport proteins. Here, we show that H2O2 activates AMPK in human IEC lines and ex vivo human colon. Moreover, we demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of H2O2 on Ca2+-dependent Cl- secretion and NKCC1 activity is AMPK-dependent. This inhibitory effect is associated with a physical interaction between AMPK and NKCC1, as well as increased phosphorylation (Thr212,217) of NKCC1, without causing NKCC1 internalization. These data identify a key role for AMPK-NKCC1 interaction as a point of convergence for suppression of colonic epithelial ion transport by inflammatory reactive oxygen species.NEW & NOTEWORTHY H2O2 inhibition of intestinal epithelial Ca2+-dependent Cl- secretion involves recruitment of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) downstream of ERK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathways, physical interaction of AMPK with the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter NKCC1, and AMPK-dependent suppression of NKCC1-mediated electrolyte influx without causing NKCC1 internalization. It is intriguing that, in human intestinal epithelial cell lines and human colon, H2O2 activation of AMPK increased phosphorylation of NKCC1 residues required for promoting, not inhibiting, NKCC1 activity. These data identify an elevated complexity of AMPK regulation of NKCC1 in the setting of an inflammatory stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J. King
- 1Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Michael Bunz
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California,3Kreisklinik Woert an der Donau, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Woerth an der Donau, Germany
| | - Alfred Chappell
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael Scharl
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California,4Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Docherty
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Barbara Jung
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Christian Lytle
- 1Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Declan F. McCole
- 1Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
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3
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Qi X, Zhang Y, Guo H, Hai Y, Luo Y, Yue T. Mechanism and intervention measures of iron side effects on the intestine. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2113-2125. [PMID: 31232087 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1630599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Excess oral iron in the intestinal tract usually produces reactive oxygen species via Fenton and Haber-Weiss reaction, so oxidative stress is triggered. Lipid peroxidation procedurally appears, ferroptosis, apoptosis and necrosis are often induced, subsequently, mitochondrial damage, endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction and even cell death occur. As a result, the intestinal epithelial cells are destroyed, leading to the incompleteness of intestinal mechanical barrier. Simultaneously, iron supplement can change the compositions and metabolic processes of intestinal microbes, and the intestinal inflammatory may be worsened. In principle, the easier dissociation of Fe2+ from oral iron supplements is, the more serious intestinal inflammation will occur. Fortunately, some interventions have been developed to alleviate these side effects. For instance, some antioxidants e.g. VE and ferulic acid have been used to prevent the formation of free radicals or to neutralize the formed free radicals. Furthermore, some new iron supplements with the ability of slow-releasing Fe2+, e.g. ferrous citrate liposome and EDTA iron sodium, have been successfully prepared. In order to recover the intestinal micro-ecological balance, probiotics and prebiotics, bacterial consortium transplantation, and fecal microbiota transplantation have been developed. This study is meaningful for us to develop safer oral iron supplements and to maintain intestinal micro-ecological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Qi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanxiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Hai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yane Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Beijing, China
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4
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Alginate and Probiotics Synergistically Reversed Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt (DSS)-Induced Gut Barrier Damage. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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5
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Kim HS, Nam ST, Mun SH, Lee SK, Kim HW, Park YH, Kim B, Won KJ, Kim HR, Park YM, Kim HS, Beaven MA, Kim YM, Choi WS. DJ-1 controls bone homeostasis through the regulation of osteoclast differentiation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1519. [PMID: 29142196 PMCID: PMC5688089 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) generates intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which increase RANKL-mediated signaling in osteoclast (OC) precursor bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). Here we show that a ROS scavenging protein DJ-1 negatively regulates RANKL-driven OC differentiation, also called osteoclastogenesis. DJ-1 ablation in mice leads to a decreased bone volume and an increase in OC numbers. In vitro, the activation of RANK-dependent signals is enhanced in DJ-1-deficient BMMs as compared to wild-type BMMs. DJ-1 suppresses the activation of both RANK-TRAF6 and RANK-FcRγ/Syk signaling pathways because of activation of Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1, which is inhibited by ROS. Ablation of DJ-1 in mouse models of arthritis and RANKL-induced bone disease leads to an increase in the number of OCs, and exacerbation of bone damage. Overall, our results suggest that DJ-1 plays a role in bone homeostasis in normal physiology and in bone-associated pathology by negatively regulating osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclasts are involved in arthritis, and their differentiation depends on RANKL signaling. The author show that the ROS-scavenging protein DJ-1 negatively regulates RANKL signaling and that its ablation increases osteoclast numbers and exacerbates bone damage in mouse models of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Taek Nam
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hwan Mun
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Sun-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Park
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jong Won
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Rim Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Min Park
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael A Beaven
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Young Mi Kim
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 132-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Barrett KE, McCole DF. Hydrogen peroxide scavenger, catalase, alleviates ion transport dysfunction in murine colitis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 43:1097-1106. [PMID: 27543846 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) contribute to epithelial damage and ion transport dysfunction (key events in inflammatory diarrhoea) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to identify if H2 O2 mediates suppression of colonic ion transport function in the murine dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis model by using the H2 O2 degrading enzyme, catalase. Colitis was induced by administering DSS (4%) in drinking water for 5 days followed by 3 days on normal H2 O. Mice were administered either pegylated catalase or saline at day -1, 0 and +1 of DSS treatment. Ion transport responses to the Ca2+ -dependent agonist, carbachol (CCh), or the cAMP-dependent agonist, forskolin, were measured across distal colonic mucosa mounted in Ussing chambers. Parameters of DSS-induced inflammation (loss in body weight, decreased colon length, altered stool consistency), were only partially alleviated by catalase while histology was only minimally improved. However, catalase significantly reversed the DSS-induced reduction in baseline ion transport as well as colonic Isc responses to CCh. However, ion transport responses to forskolin were not significantly restored. Catalase also reduced activation of ERK MAP kinase in the setting of colitis, and increased expression of the Na+ -K+ -2Cl- cotransporter, NKCC1, consistent with restoration of ion transport function. Ex vivo treatment of inflamed colonic mucosae with catalase also partially restored ion transport function. Therefore, catalase partially prevents, and rescues, the loss of ion transport properties in DSS colitis even in the setting of unresolved tissue inflammation. These findings indicate a prominent role for ROS in ion transport dysfunction in colitis and may suggest novel strategies for the treatment of inflammatory diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim E Barrett
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
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7
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Barros LM, Duarte AE, Pansera Waczuk E, Roversi K, da Cunha FAB, Rolon M, Coronel C, Gomez MCV, de Menezes IRA, da Costa JGM, Boligon AA, Hassan W, Souza DO, da Rocha JBT, Kamdem JP. Safety assessment and antioxidant activity of Lantana montevidensis leaves: Contribution to its phytochemical and pharmacological activity. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:566-582. [PMID: 28694758 PMCID: PMC5491919 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lantana camara, the widely studied species, and L. montevidensis, the less studied species of the genus Lantana are both used in traditional medicine for the same purpose (anti-asthma, anti-ulcer, anti-tumor, etc). However, little is known about the toxicity of L. montevidensis and there is limited information on its chemical constituents. Here, we investigated for the first time the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the ethanolic (EtOH) and aqueous extracts from the leaves of Lantana montevidensis in human leukocytes, as well as their possible interaction with human erythrocyte membranes in vitro. The antioxidant activities of both extracts were also investigated in chemical and biological models. Treatment of leukocytes with EtOH or aqueous extracts (1-480 µg/mL) did not affect DNA damage index, but promoted cytotoxicity at higher concentrations (240-480 µg/mL). Both extracts did not modify the osmotic fragility of human erythrocytes. The extracts scavenged DPPH radical and prevented Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in rat's brain and liver homogenates, and this was likely not attributed to Fe (II) chelation. The HPLC analysis of the extracts showed different amounts of polyphenolic compounds (isoquercitrin, gallic acid, catechin, ellagic acid, apigenin, kaempferol, caffeic acid, rutin, quercitrin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, luteolin) that may have contributed to these effects. These results supported information on the functional use of L. montevidensis in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Marivando Barros
- Universidade Regional do Cariri-URCA, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde-CCBS, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, CEP: 63105-000, Pimenta, Crato-Ceará, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Antonia Eliene Duarte
- Universidade Regional do Cariri-URCA, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde-CCBS, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, CEP: 63105-000, Pimenta, Crato-Ceará, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Emily Pansera Waczuk
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Katiane Roversi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Farmatox, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Francisco Assis Bezerra da Cunha
- Universidade Regional do Cariri-URCA, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde-CCBS, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, CEP: 63105-000, Pimenta, Crato-Ceará, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mirian Rolon
- Centro Para El Desarrollo de La Investigación Científica (CEDIC),Fundación Moisés Bertoni /Laboratorios Diaz Gill, Asuncion, Paraguay
| | - Cathia Coronel
- Centro Para El Desarrollo de La Investigación Científica (CEDIC),Fundación Moisés Bertoni /Laboratorios Diaz Gill, Asuncion, Paraguay
| | - Maria Celeste Vega Gomez
- Centro Para El Desarrollo de La Investigación Científica (CEDIC),Fundación Moisés Bertoni /Laboratorios Diaz Gill, Asuncion, Paraguay
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Universidade Regional do Cariri-URCA, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Crato-Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Galberto Martins da Costa
- Universidade Regional do Cariri-URCA, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, CEP 63.105.000, Crato-Ceará, Brazil
| | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica, Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Waseem Hassan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar -25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Diogo Onofre Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básica da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jean Paul Kamdem
- Universidade Regional do Cariri-URCA, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde-CCBS, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, CEP: 63105-000, Pimenta, Crato-Ceará, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básica da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-003, Brazil
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8
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Rivabene R, Napolitano M, Cantafora A, Bravo E. Redox-Dependent Modulation of Lipid Synthesis Induced by Oleic Acid in the Human Intestinal Epithelial Cell Line Caco-2. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 226:191-8. [PMID: 11361037 DOI: 10.1177/153537020122600306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The absorption, remodeling, and delivery of dietary lipids by intestinal cells are part of a complex multi-step process, the dynamics of which is influenced by the lipid composition of the diet and the physiological state of enterocytes. Emerging data indicate that, among the parameters known to modulate the cell functionality, the internal oxidative balance plays a pivotal role. In this study, we analyzed the effects of varying redox equilibria on the way in which the intestinal Caco-2 cell line utilize an otogenous lipid source such as oleic acid. Firstly, we manipulated the intracellular levels of soluble thiols (glutathione), and the amount of cell-associated products of lipid peroxidation, commonly regarded as two critical parameters characterizing the redox profile of the cells. Two different perturbants having opposite effects on the cell's redox profile were used: the pro-oxidizing agent CuSO4 (2.5 and 10 µM) and the antioxidant and thiol supplier N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 2.5 and 5 mM). The influence of these mild but critical manipulations on the incorporation of oleate (50 and 500 µM) into cholesterol, triacylglycerol, end phospholipid was then evaluated. We found that the emerging pro-oxidant condition induced by CuSO4 pre-exposure was associated with a significant up-regulation of phospholipid synthesis, while minor modifications were detected in that of triacylgiycerols. Conversely, when a more reducing state was induced by NAC pre-treatment, there was a significant down-regulation of triacylglycerol synthesis, with minor modifications in that of phospholipids. In addition, the incorporation of oleic acid in the cholesteryl ester fraction appeared to be unmodified under all the redox conditions reported. On the whole, these results indicate that the pre-existing internal redox potential of the enterocytes is a critical factor that is able to differentially modulate lipid synthesis at the Intestinal level. Thus, the adoption of a strategy designed to control/buffer the antioxidant capacity of the gastrointestinal tract could have important consequences for the modulation of lipid balance in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rivabene
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Pathological Biochemistry, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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9
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Das S, Pal S, Mitra M. Significance of Exhaled Breath Test in Clinical Diagnosis: A Special Focus on the Detection of Diabetes Mellitus. J Med Biol Eng 2016; 36:605-624. [PMID: 27853412 PMCID: PMC5083779 DOI: 10.1007/s40846-016-0164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emanating from human exhaled breath can provide deep insight into the status of various biochemical processes in the human body. VOCs can serve as potential biomarkers of physiological and pathophysiological conditions related to several diseases. Breath VOC analysis, a noninvasive and quick biomonitoring approach, also has potential for the early detection and progress monitoring of several diseases. This paper gives an overview of the major VOCs present in human exhaled breath, possible biochemical pathways of breath VOC generation, diagnostic importance of their analysis, and analytical techniques used in the breath test. Breath analysis relating to diabetes mellitus and its characteristic breath biomarkers is focused on. Finally, some challenges and limitations of the breath test are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, West Bengal 741235 India
| | - Saurabh Pal
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009 India
| | - Madhuchhanda Mitra
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009 India
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10
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Mücke V, Mücke MM, Raine T, Bettenworth D. Diagnosis and treatment of anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Gastroenterol 2016; 30:15-22. [PMID: 28042234 PMCID: PMC5198243 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2016.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia represents one of the most frequent complications in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and severely impairs the quality of life of affected patients. The etiology of anemia in IBD patients can be multifactorial, often involving a combination of iron deficiency (ID) and anemia of chronic disease (ACD). Although current guidelines recommend screening for and treatment of anemia in IBD patients, current observational data suggest that it still remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Besides basic laboratory parameters (e.g. mean corpuscular volume, reticulocyte count, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, etc.), the concentration of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and novel parameters such as the sTfR/log ferritin index can guide the challenging task of differentiating between ID and ACD. Once identified, causes of anemia should be treated accordingly. This review summarizes our current understanding of anemia in IBD patients, including the underlying pathology, diagnostic approaches and appropriate anemia treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Mücke
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany (Victoria Mücke, Marcus M. Mücke)
| | - Marcus M Mücke
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany (Victoria Mücke, Marcus M. Mücke)
| | - Tim Raine
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Tim Raine)
| | - Dominik Bettenworth
- Department of Medicine B, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany (Dominik Bettenworth)
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11
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Siriwardhana N, Lee KW, Jeon YJ, Kim SH, Haw JW. Antioxidant Activity of Hizikia fusiformis on Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging and Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013203039014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water and organic extracts (diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol and methanol) obtained from Hizikia fusiformis were screened on reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging assays (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical) and lipid peroxidation (inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation) inhibitory assays. Water, methanol and ethanol extracts showed significant ROS radical scavenging activities. Water extracts showed high scavenging activities on hydrogen peroxide (around 76%) and DPPH radicals (around 75%) while it presented a moderate scavenging activity on hydroxyl radicals (around 54%). Comparatively higher ROS scavenging activities were recorded in hydroxyl radical and DPPH scavenging assays. DPPH radical scavenging activities were well correlated with the polyphenolic content. ROS scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities indicated that H. fusiformis might be a valuable natural antioxidative source containing both water and fatsoluble antioxidative components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - J.-W. Haw
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cheju National University, Jeju 690-756, S. Korea
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12
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Zhao Y, Sun Y, Ding Y, Wang X, Zhou Y, Li W, Huang S, Li Z, Kong L, Guo Q, Lu N. GL-V9, a new synthetic flavonoid derivative, ameliorates DSS-induced colitis against oxidative stress by up-regulating Trx-1 expression via activation of AMPK/FOXO3a pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:26291-307. [PMID: 26327408 PMCID: PMC4694902 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
GL-V9, a new synthesized flavonoid derivative, has been reported to possess anti-cancer properties in our previous studies. Uncontrolled overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in oxidative damage of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of GL-V9 against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. GL-V9 attenuated DSS-induced body weight loss, colon length shortening and colonic pathological damage. GL-V9 also inhibited inflammatory cells infiltration and decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activities. Moreover, GL-V9 inhibited ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) generation, but enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity. GL-V9 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines production in serum and colon as well. Mechanically, GL-V9 could increase Trx-1 via activation of AMPK/FOXO3a to suppress DSS-induced colonic oxidative stress. Furthermore, GL-V9 decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS production and increased the antioxidant defenses in the mouse macrophage cells RAW264.7 by promoting Trx-1 expression. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that GL-V9 attenuated DSS-induced colitis against oxidative stress by up-regulating Trx-1 via activation of AMPK/FOXO3a pathway, suggesting that GL-V9 might be a potential effective drug for colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Youxiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shaoliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Na Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Wang BG, Xu HB, Xu F, Zeng ZL, Wei H. Efficacy of oral Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 29521 on microflora and antioxidant in mice. Can J Microbiol 2016; 62:249-62. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 29521, a species of colonic microflora in humans, is involved in the intestinal tract of mice. This study was also conducted to determine the antioxidant activity of this species by evaluating different microbial populations and reactive oxygen species isolated from feces and intestinal contents for 28 days of oral administration. Microbial diversities were assessed through bacterial culture techniques, PCR–DGGE, and real-time PCR. This study showed that the intake of B. bifidum ATCC 29521 significantly (p < 0.05) improved the ecosystem of the intestinal tract of BALB/c mice by increasing the amount of probiotics (Lactobacillus intestinalis and Lactobacillus crispatus) and by reducing unwanted bacterial populations (Enterobacter, Escherichia coli). Antioxidative activities of incubated cell-free extracts were evaluated through various assays, including the scavenging ability of DPPH radical (64.5% and 67.54% (p < 0.05), respectively, at 21 days in nutrients and 28 days in MRS broth), superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radical (85% and 61.5% (p < 0.05), respectively, at intestinal contents in nutrients and 21 days in MRS broth). Total reducing power (231.5 μmol/L (p < 0.05), 14 days in MRS broth) and mRNA level of genes related to oxidative stress were also determined. Results indicated that B. bifidum ATCC 29521 elicits a beneficial effect on murine gut microbiota and antioxidant activities compared with the control samples. This species can be considered as a potential bioresource antioxidant to promote health. Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 29521 may also be used as a promising material in microbiological and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-gui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-bo Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 300381, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe-ling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People’s Republic of China
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Changes in the distribution of type II transmembrane serine protease, TMPRSS2 and in paracellular permeability in IPEC-J2 cells exposed to oxidative stress. Inflammation 2015; 38:775-83. [PMID: 25097076 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of oxidative stress on barrier integrity and localization of transmembrane serine proteinase 2 (TMPRSS2) were studied using porcine epithelial IPEC-J2 cells on membrane inserts. Increased paracellular permeability of FITC-dextran 4 kDa (fluorescence intensity 43,508 ± 2,391 versus 3,550 ± 759) and that of gentamicin (3.41 ± 0.06 % increase to controls) were measured parallel with the reduced transepithelial electrical resistance (23.3 ± 4.06 % decrease) of cell layers 6 h after 1 h 1 mM H2O2 treatment. The immunohistochemical localization of adherens junctional β-catenin was not affected by reactive oxygen species (ROS) up to 4 mM H2O2. Peroxide-triggered enhanced paracellular permeability of IPEC-J2 cell layer was accompanied by predominantly cytoplasmic occurrence of TMPRSS2 embedded in cell membrane under physiological conditions. These results support that ROS can influence paracellular gate opening via multifaceted mode of action without involvement of β-catenin redistribution in adherens junction. Altered distribution pattern of TMPRSS2 and relocalized transmembrane serine protease activity may contribute to weakening of epithelial barrier integrity under acute oxidative stress.
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Kondamudi PK, Kovelamudi H, Nayak PG, Rao MC, Shenoy RR. Curcumin half analog modulates interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S296-302. [PMID: 26664018 PMCID: PMC4653340 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.165991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was aimed at examining the effect of dehydrozingerone (DHZ), half analogue of curcumin which is the active constituent of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in the di-nitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) induced model for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats (200-220 g) were divided into four groups (n = 6). Chemical induction of IBD was done by sensitizing with 300 µL of 20 g/L of DNCB (in acetone) onto the nape of rats for 14 days followed by intra-colonic instillation of 250 µL of DNCB (0.1% DNCB in 50% alcohol) solution on day 15. Rats in Group 1 (normal control) and Group 2 (DNCB control) were treated with vehicle. Rats in Group 3 were treated with DHZ (100 mg/kg, p.o.; 8 days) and Group 4 animals were treated with sulfasalazine (SS) (100 mg/kg, p.o.; 8 days). On 24(th) day, the rats were killed, colon removed and the macroscopic, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations were performed. RESULTS The levels of myeloperoxidase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substrate, and nitrite increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the DNCB group whereas reduced significantly in the DHZ and SS treated groups. Serum nitrite levels were found to be insignificant between the different groups. Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha level was significantly high in the DNCB group. CONCLUSION These findings show that DHZ can be a promising molecule for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phani Krishna Kondamudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal - 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Hemalatha Kovelamudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal - 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Pawan G. Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal - 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Mallikarjuna Chamallamudi Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal - 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha Raghuveer Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal - 576104, Karnataka, India
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Hrycay EG, Bandiera SM. Involvement of Cytochrome P450 in Reactive Oxygen Species Formation and Cancer. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2015; 74:35-84. [PMID: 26233903 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the involvement of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the formation of reactive oxygen species in biological systems and discusses the possible involvement of reactive oxygen species and CYP enzymes in cancer. Reactive oxygen species are formed in biological systems as byproducts of the reduction of molecular oxygen and include the superoxide radical anion (∙O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (∙OH), hydroperoxyl radical (HOO∙), singlet oxygen ((1)O2), and peroxyl radical (ROO∙). Two endogenous sources of reactive oxygen species are the mammalian CYP-dependent microsomal electron transport system and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. CYP enzymes catalyze the oxygenation of an organic substrate and the simultaneous reduction of molecular oxygen. If the transfer of oxygen to a substrate is not tightly controlled, uncoupling occurs and leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species are capable of causing oxidative damage to cellular membranes and macromolecules that can lead to the development of human diseases such as cancer. In normal cells, intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species are maintained in balance with intracellular biochemical antioxidants to prevent cellular damage. Oxidative stress occurs when this critical balance is disrupted. Topics covered in this review include the role of reactive oxygen species in intracellular cell signaling and the relationship between CYP enzymes and cancer. Outlines of CYP expression in neoplastic tissues, CYP enzyme polymorphism and cancer risk, CYP enzymes in cancer therapy and the metabolic activation of chemical procarcinogens by CYP enzymes are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene G Hrycay
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Stelvio M Bandiera
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Abstract
The single-cell thick intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) lining with its protective layer of mucus is the primary barrier protecting the organism from the harsh environment of the intestinal lumen. Today it is clear that the balancing act necessary to maintain intestinal homeostasis is dependent on the coordinated action of all cell types of the IEC, and that there are no passive bystanders to gut immunity solely acting as absorptive or regenerative cells: Mucin and antimicrobial peptides on the epithelial surface are continually being replenished by goblet and Paneth's cells. Luminal antigens are being sensed by pattern recognition receptors on the enterocytes. The enteroendocrine cells sense the environment and coordinate the intestinal function by releasing neuropeptides acting both on IEC and inflammatory cells. All this while cells are continuously and rapidly being regenerated from a limited number of stem cells close to the intestinal crypt base. This review seeks to describe the cell types and structures of the intestinal epithelial barrier supporting intestinal homeostasis, and how disturbance in these systems might relate to inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Goll
- Medical Clinic, Section of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of North Norway , Tromsø , Norway
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18
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Alleviation of antioxidant defense system by ozonized olive oil in DNBS-induced colitis in rats. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:967205. [PMID: 25276059 PMCID: PMC4168156 DOI: 10.1155/2014/967205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of ozonized olive oil (OZO) in 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulphuric acid (DNBS) induced colitis in rats and to elucidate the role of some antioxidant defense system (superoxide dismutase "SOD," glutathione peroxidase "GSH-Px," and catalase "CAT") in these effects. The physicochemical parameters including viscosity, peroxide, and acid values of olive oil and OZO were evaluated. The animals were divided into several groups and the colitis was induced in the rats by intracolonic instillation of DNBS at dose of 15 mg/rat. Olive oil (OO) at dose of 6 mg/kg and OZO at doses of 3 and 6 mg/kg was administered orally for 7 days, starting the day before induction of colitis. Our results showed that macroscopic and microscopic damage scores were significantly reduced in a dose response manner in rats pretreated with OZO only. In contrast, CAT, GSH-Px, and SOD activities were significantly increased in the distal colon of inflamed animals pretreated with OZO with respect to control group dose dependently. Results demonstrate that OZO pretreatment exerts protective effects in DNBS induced colitis in rats and provide evidence that the protective effects of OZO are mediated by stimulation of some antioxidant enzymes.
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Ghatule RR, Gautam MK, Goel S, Singh A, Joshi VK, Goel RK. Protective effects of Aegle marmelos fruit pulp on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced experimental colitis. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:S147-52. [PMID: 24914296 PMCID: PMC4047580 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.127366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aegle marmelos (AM) fruit has been advocated in indigenous system of medicine for the treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders, fever, asthma, inflammations, febrile delirium, acute bronchitis, snakebite, epilepsy, leprosy, myalgia, smallpox, leucoderma, mental illnesses, sores, swelling, thirst, thyroid disorders, tumours and upper respiratory tract infections. Objective: The objective of this study was to study the curative effect of 50% ethanol extract of dried fruit pulp of AM (AME) against 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis. Materials and Methods: AME (200 mg/kg) was administered orally, once daily for 14 days after TNBS-induced colitis. Rats were given intracolonic normal saline or TNBS alone or TNBS plus oral AME. AME was studied for its in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-negative intestinal bacteria and on TNBS-induced changes in colonic damage, weight and adhesions (macroscopic and microscopic), diarrhea, body weight and colonic levels of free radicals (nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation), antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione) and pro-inflammatory marker (myeloperoxidase [MPO]) in rats. Results: AME showed antibacterial activity against intestinal pathogens and decreased colonic mucosal damage and inflammation, diarrhea, colonic free radicals and MPO and enhanced body weight and colonic antioxidants level affected by TNBS. The effects of AME on the above parameters were comparable with sulfasalazine, a known colitis protective drug (100 mg/kg, oral). Conclusion: AME shows curative effects against TNBS-induced colitis by its antibacterial activity and promoting colonic antioxidants and reducing free radicals and MPO-induced colonic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit R Ghatule
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish K Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shalini Goel
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod K Joshi
- Department of Dravyaguna, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raj K Goel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Matsuo S, Yang WL, Aziz M, Kameoka S, Wang P. Fatty acid synthase inhibitor C75 ameliorates experimental colitis. Mol Med 2014; 20:1-9. [PMID: 24306512 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of lipid metabolism through overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), which catalyzes the formation of long-chain fatty acids, are associated with the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). C75 is a synthetic α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone compound that inhibits FASN activity. We hypothesized that C75 treatment could effectively reduce the severity of experimental colitis. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed 4% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 d. C75 (5 mg/kg body weight) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (vehicle) was administered intraperitoneally from d 2 to 6. Clinical parameters were monitored daily. Mice were euthanized on d 8 for histological evaluation and measurements of colon length, chemokine, cytokine and inflammatory mediator expression. C75 significantly reduced body weight loss from 23% to 15% on d 8, compared with the vehicle group. The fecal bleeding, diarrhea and colon histological damage scores in the C75-treated group were significantly lower than scores in the vehicle animals. Colon shortening was significantly improved after C75 treatment. C75 protected colon tissues from DSS-induced apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-3 activity. Macrophage inflammatory protein 2, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, myeloperoxidase activity and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin [IL]-1β and IL-6) in the colon were significantly downregulated in the C75-treated group, compared with the vehicle group. Treatment with C75 in colitis mice inhibited the elevation of FASN, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression as well as IκB degradation in colon tissues. C75 administration alleviates the severity of colon damage and inhibits the activation of inflammatory pathways in DSS-induced colitis. Thus, inhibition of FASN may represent an attractive therapeutic potential for treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Matsuo
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, and The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America Department of Surgery II, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Weng-Lang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, and The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, and The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Shingo Kameoka
- Department of Surgery II, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, and The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
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Schaffer LF, Peroza LR, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Alves SH, Fachinetto R, Wagner C. Harpagophytum procumbens Prevents Oxidative Stress and Loss of Cell Viability In Vitro. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:2256-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Overcoming therapeutic obstacles in inflammatory bowel diseases: A comprehensive review on novel drug delivery strategies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:712-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Achitei D, Ciobica A, Balan G, Gologan E, Stanciu C, Stefanescu G. Different profile of peripheral antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in active and non-active inflammatory bowel disease patients. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:1244-9. [PMID: 23306840 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of oxidative stress in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has been extended lately from a simple consequence of inflammation to a potential etiological factor, but the data are still controversial. Active disease has been characterized before by an enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and the increased peroxidation of lipids, but patients in remission were generally not considered different from healthy people in terms of oxidative stress. AIMS We evaluated the antioxidant defense capacity and lipid peroxidation status in the serum of patients with active and non-active disease compared with healthy matched control subjects. METHODS The study included 20 patients with confirmed IBD in clinical and biological remission, 21 patients with active disease, and 18 controls. We determined the serum levels of two antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and a lipid peroxidation marker, malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS Active disease patients had an increased activity of both SOD and GPX, as well as significant high values of MDA versus controls. Furthermore, patients being in remission had significantly lower values of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPX) and increased lipid peroxidation measured by MDA serum levels, as compared with healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed the presence of high oxidative stress in active IBD. More importantly, we have demonstrated a lower antioxidant capacity of patients in remission versus control group. This may represent a risk factor for the disease and can be an additional argument for the direct implication of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Achitei
- Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115, Iasi, Romania.
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Moret I, Cerrillo E, Navarro-Puche A, Iborra M, Rausell F, Tortosa L, Beltrán B. [Oxidative stress in Crohn's disease]. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2013; 37:28-34. [PMID: 23643278 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by transmural inflammation that is most frequently located in the region of the terminal ileum. Although the physiopathological mechanisms of the disease are not yet well defined, the unregulated immune response is associated with high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These elements are associated with complex systems known as antioxidant defenses, whose function is ROS regulation, thereby preventing the harmful effects of these elements. However, the presence of an imbalance between ROS production and ROS elimination by antioxidants has been widely described and leads to oxidative stress. In this article, we describe the most significant findings on oxidative stress in the intestinal mucosa and peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Moret
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, España; CIBEREHD, España
| | - Elena Cerrillo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, España; Servicio de Medicina Digestiva, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - Ana Navarro-Puche
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - Marisa Iborra
- CIBEREHD, España; Servicio de Medicina Digestiva, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - Francisco Rausell
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, España; CIBEREHD, España
| | - Luis Tortosa
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, España; CIBEREHD, España
| | - Belén Beltrán
- CIBEREHD, España; Servicio de Medicina Digestiva, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, España.
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Nagarani N, Kumaraguru AK. Chemical Characterization, Temperature Stability, and Enzymatic Studies on Edible Marine AlgaeKappaphycus alvarezii(Doty). JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2011.610117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Paszti-Gere E, Csibrik-Nemeth E, Szeker K, Csizinszky R, Jakab C, Galfi P. Acute oxidative stress affects IL-8 and TNF-α expression in IPEC-J2 porcine epithelial cells. Inflammation 2012; 35:994-1004. [PMID: 22083491 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-011-9403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are implicated in cell and tissue damage in a number of diseases including acute and chronic inflammation of the gut. Effects of H(2)O(2) exposure on non-carcinogenic porcine epithelial cell line, IPEC-J2 cells cultured on collagen-coated membrane inserts were monitored based on transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) change, extent of necrotic cell damage, gene expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-α. Furthermore, the junction proteins claudin-1 and E-cadherin were also investigated by immunohistochemistry. Peroxide (1mM) increased IL-8 and TNF-α gene expression levels significantly allowing 1 h recovery time without affecting the cellular distribution of junction proteins, TER and cell survival rate. In conclusion, the IPEC-J2 cell line on membrane insert was introduced as a fast and reliable investigation tool for oxidative stimuli-triggered intestinal inflammation and in the future as a screening method for antioxidant and probiotic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzsebet Paszti-Gere
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Szent István University, Budapest, István u. 2 1078, Hungary.
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Li Q, Sarna SK. Nitric oxide modifies chromatin to suppress ICAM-1 expression during colonic inflammation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 303:G103-10. [PMID: 22517771 PMCID: PMC3404578 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00381.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an established inflammatory mediator. However, it remains controversial whether NO enhances the inflammatory response in the colon or suppresses it. We investigated the epigenetic regulation of Icam-1 expression by NO following induction of colonic inflammation in rats by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic (TNBS) acid and obtaining colonic muscularis externae tissues 24 h later. TNBS inflammation induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression by translocating NF-κB to the nucleus. The incubation of inflamed tissues with S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) did not affect the nuclear translocation of NF-κB; however, it suppressed the NF-κB binding to DNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis (ChIP)-qPCR assays showed that the increase in NF-κB/DNA interaction following inflammation is due to the transcriptional downregulation of global HDAC3 and a decrease in its interaction with the DNA on the Icam-1 promoter containing the binding motifs of NF-κB. The decrease in the association of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 3 with the Icam-1 promoter increased the acetylation of histone 4 lysine residue 12 (H4K12), which would favor chromatin relaxation and greater access of NF-κB to its DNA binding sites. HDAC3 dissociation from the DNA did not affect the acetylation levels of H4K8 and H4K16. The NO release by GSNO countered the upregulation of Icam-1 by increasing the transcription of global HDAC3 and its association with the Icam-1 promoter, and by suppressing H4K12 acetylation. We conclude that chromatin modification by transcriptional downregulation of HDAC3 plays a critical role in the induction of the inflammatory response. NO may serve as an anti-inflammatory mediator during the acute stage of inflammation by blunting the downregulation of global HDAC3, increasing HDAC3 interaction with the nucleosomes containing the binding moieties of NF-κB, reducing H4K12Ac to restrict the access of NF-κB to DNA, and suppressing ICAM-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Li
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas; and
| | - Sushil K. Sarna
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas; and ,2Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
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Zhang H, Kuai XY, Yu P, Lin L, Shi R. Protective role of uncoupling protein-2 against dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27:603-8. [PMID: 21871020 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) is a negative regulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We investigated the effect of UCP-2 on disease progression in a murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model, and the expression and distribution of tight junction (TJ) proteins, such as occludin, zonula-1 (ZO-1), claudin-4, and junctional adhesion molecule-1 (JAM-1). METHODS Male UCP-2(-/-) mice and wild-type littermates were divided into four groups: groups I and II, which comprised each type of mouse, were administered 2.5% DSS dissolved in drinking water to create a colitis model. The control groups (groups III and IV, which comprised each type of mouse) were given normal drinking water. Disease progression was evaluated according to colon length and the disease activity index. The distribution of TJ proteins was detected by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Compared with wild-type littermates, UCP-2(-/-) mice treated with DSS developed more severe diarrhea, body weight loss (P < 0.01), significantly short colon length, and more inflammatory cell infiltration into the mucosa and submucosa. The level of malondialdehyde in colonic mucosa increased in UCP-2(-/-) mice treated with DSS compared with the wild-type littermates (P < 0.001). The distribution of the ZO-1 and JAM-1 proteins was significantly decreased in the colonic mucosa of UCP-2(-/-) mice compared with the wild-type littermates, whereas occludin and claudin-4 distribution were not different between the UCP-2(-/-) mice and wild-type littermates. CONCLUSIONS UCP-2 might reduce intestinal inflammatory response through the negative regulation of ROS, and affects the expression and distribution of TJ proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Erythrocyte deformability and oxidative stress in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57:458-64. [PMID: 21901259 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-011-1882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and reduced microvascular flow are important factors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The increased oxidative stress reduces the erythrocyte deformability. However, in IBD, there are no studies in the literature which evaluate erythrocyte deformability. AIMS In our study, we investigated the effect of oxidative stress and erythrocyte deformability in IBD. METHODS Forty-three patients with active IBD, 48 patients with inactive IBD and 45 healthy controls were included. The erytrocyte deformability, malonyldialdehyde levels, glutation peroxidase and sulfhydryl levels were measured in peripheral venous blood samples. RESULTS Erytrocyte malonyldialdehyde levels in both active and inactive IBD were significantly increased compared with control groups. Plasma glutation peroxidase levels did not show statistically significant difference between all groups. The decreased plasma sulfhydryl levels in active IBD were statistically significant compared with both the inactive IBD and the control group, but plasma sulfhydryl levels in inactive IBD group did not show statistically significant differences when compared with the control group. Elongation index values in both active and inactive IBD increased significantly compared with the control group. Statistically significant correlations were not found between the elongation index and glutation peroxidase, malonyldialdehyde, sulfhydryl levels in all groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to evaluate the erythrocyte deformability in IBD. In our study, increased erytrocyte malonyldialdehyde levels and decreased plasma sulfhydryl levels manifested the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease. It is thought that the increased erythrocyte malonyldialdehyde values cause the reduction in erythrocyte deformability.
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Nanocarriers as Nanomedicines. NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY - INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES VS ORGANIC NANOPARTICLES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415769-9.00014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Nomura M, Yoshimura Y, Kikuiri T, Hasegawa T, Taniguchi Y, Deyama Y, Koshiro KI, Sano H, Suzuki K, Inoue N. Platinum nanoparticles suppress osteoclastogenesis through scavenging of reactive oxygen species produced in RAW264.7 cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 117:243-52. [PMID: 22083043 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11099fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has shown that platinum nanoparticles (nano-Pt) efficiently quench reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a reducing catalyst. ROS have been suggested to regulate receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-stimulated osteoclast differentiation. In the present study, we examined the direct effects of platinum nano-Pt on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation of murine pre-osteoclastic RAW 264.7 cells. The effect of the nano-Pt on the number of osteoclasts was measured and their effect on the mRNA expression for osteoclast differentiation was assayed using real-time PCR. Nano-Pt appeared to have a ROS-scavenging activity. Nano-Pt decreased the number of osteoclasts (2+ nuclei) and large osteoclasts (8+ nuclei) in a dose-dependent manner without affecting cell viability. In addition, this agent significantly blocked RANKL-induced mRNA expression of osteoclastic differentiation genes such as c-fms, NFATc1, NFATc2, and DC-STAMP as well as that of osteoclast-specific marker genes including MMP-9, Cath-K, CLC7, ATP6i, CTR, and TRAP. Although nano-Pt attenuated expression of the ROS-producing NOX-family oxidases, Nox1 and Nox4, they up-regulated expression of Nox2, the major Nox enzyme in macrophages. These findings suggest that the nano-Pt inhibit RANKL-stimulated osteoclast differentiation via their ROS scavenging property. The use of nano-Pt as scavengers of ROS that is generated by RANKL may be a novel and innovative therapy for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Nomura
- Department of Gerodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
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Hirayama M, Toda R, Ozaki T, Hasegawa J, Nakamura T, Naraki Y, Haraguchi Y, Hori Y, Tanaka T, Takei M, Mera Y, Yoshii K, Kawabata Y. Concentration Dependence of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Pharmacological Actions in Intestinal Mucosa after Oral Administration of a pH-Dependent Formulation. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1083-9. [DOI: 10.1021/mp200088z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Hirayama
- Central Research Laboratories, ZERIA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryoko Toda
- Central Research Laboratories, ZERIA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ozaki
- Central Research Laboratories, ZERIA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Junko Hasegawa
- Central Research Laboratories, ZERIA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Nakamura
- Central Research Laboratories, ZERIA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoko Naraki
- Central Research Laboratories, ZERIA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Yukari Haraguchi
- Central Research Laboratories, ZERIA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuko Hori
- Central Research Laboratories, ZERIA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Takao Tanaka
- Central Research Laboratories, ZERIA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Mineo Takei
- Central Research Laboratories, ZERIA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Yukinori Mera
- Central Research Laboratories, ZERIA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yoshii
- Central Research Laboratories, ZERIA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawabata
- Central Research Laboratories, ZERIA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
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The effect of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic strains on gut oxidative damage in experimental colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:707-14. [PMID: 20683661 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-010-1362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays a role in disease initiation and progression in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and manipulation of this pathway may attenuate disease progress. In this study, the effect of exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing probiotic bacteria on gut oxidative damage was evaluated in a rat model of experimental colitis. METHODS Colitis was induced by intracolonic administration of acetic acid. Rats were treated daily with two probiotic strains, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus B3 strain (EPS of 211 mg/l; high-EPS group) or L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus A13 strain (EPS of 27 mg/l; low-EPS group), which were given directly into the stomach. Non-colitis-fed control and preventative groups were only treated with the high-EPS producing strain. Antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, total glutathione, reduced glutathione, glutathione disulfide) and lipid peroxidation were measured in colonic tissue samples after a treatment period of 7 days. RESULTS Significant oxidative damage was associated with a higher level of malondialdehyde (MDA) activity and reduced antioxidant enzyme activities in the colitis model group. All antioxidant enzyme activities were higher in both probiotic-treated groups compared with those of the colitis model group (P < 0.001). Lipid peroxidation was significantly ameliorated in both probiotic groups. The improvement of oxidative stress parameters was significantly more in the high-EPS group than in the low-EPS group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS EPS-producing probiotic bacteria significantly attenuate oxidative stress in experimental colitis. Increased EPS production gives rise to a better probiotic function. These results suggest that EPS molecules could revaluate probiotic strains and exert their beneficial effects on the host and this may have a therapeutic potential.
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Hasegawa H, Kido S, Tomomura M, Fujimoto K, Ohi M, Kiyomura M, Kanegae H, Inaba A, Sakagami H, Tomomura A. Serum calcium-decreasing factor, caldecrin, inhibits osteoclast differentiation by suppression of NFATc1 activity. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:25448-57. [PMID: 20547767 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.068742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Caldecrin/chymotrypsin C is a novel secretory-type serine protease that was originally isolated as a serum calcium-decreasing factor from the pancreas. Previously, we reported that caldecrin suppressed the bone-resorbing activity of rabbit mature osteoclasts (Tomomura, A., Yamada, H., Fujimoto, K., Inaba, A., and Katoh, S. (2001) FEBS Lett. 508, 454-458). Here, we investigated the effects of caldecrin on mouse osteoclast differentiation induced by macrophage-colony stimulating factor and the receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) from the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage of bone marrow cells. Wild-type and protease-deficient mutant caldecrin dose-dependently inhibited RANKL-stimulated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclast formation from bone marrow cells. Caldecrin did not affect macrophage colony formation from monocyte/macrophage lineage cells or osteoclast progenitor generation in cultures of bone marrow cells. Caldecrin inhibited accumulation of the RANKL-stimulated nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) mRNA in bone marrow cells, which is a key transcription factor for the differentiation of osteoclasts. Caldecrin also suppressed RANKL-induced differentiation of the RAW264.7 monocyte/macrophage cell line into osteoclasts. Caldecrin reduced the transcriptional activity of NFATc1 in RAW264.7 cells, whereas those of NF-kappaB and c-Fos, which are also transcription factors involved in osteoclast differentiation, were unaffected. Caldecrin inhibited RANKL-stimulated nuclear translocation of NFATc1 and the activity of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, calcineurin. Caldecrin inhibited phospholipase Cgamma1-mediated Ca(2+) oscillation evoked by RANKL stimulation. RANKL-stimulated phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) was also attenuated by caldecrin. Taken together, these results indicate that caldecrin inhibits osteoclastogenesis, without its protease activity, by preventing a phospholipase Cgamma1-mediated Ca(2+)oscillation-calcineurin-NFATc1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Hasegawa
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Oral Biology and Tissue Engineering, Meikai University, School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan
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Omololu PA, Rocha JBT, Kade IJ. Attachment of rhamnosyl glucoside on quercetin confers potent iron-chelating ability on its antioxidant properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 63:249-55. [PMID: 20122821 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological essence of the natural addition of rhamnosyl glucoside on quercetin that is commonly found in nature in medicinal plants is rather obscure. The present study therefore sought to compare the antioxidant activities of both compounds by comparing their ability to decolourise DPPH radicals, reduce Fe(3+), chelate Fe(2+), prevent deoxyribose degradation and inhibit hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances induced by both Fe(2+) and sodium nitroprusside. The results show that quercetin is generally a more potent antioxidant than its rhamnosyl glucoside derivative (rutin). However, rutin exerted a more potent iron-chelating ability than quercetin which diminishes in a time dependent fashion suggesting why it exhibited a reduced inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and deoxyribose degradation under harsh prooxidant assault than quercetin. Taken together, we speculate that rutin may have been produced initially in plants as a possible defense mechanism for protection and survival under oxidative assaults and where both flavonoids are found to co-exist in nature, there is a possible synergy in their antioxidant actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Omololu
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, FUTA Road, PMB 704 Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Kim MS, Yang YM, Son A, Tian YS, Lee SI, Kang SW, Muallem S, Shin DM. RANKL-mediated reactive oxygen species pathway that induces long lasting Ca2+ oscillations essential for osteoclastogenesis. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:6913-21. [PMID: 20048168 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.051557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RANKL (receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand) induces osteoclastogenesis by activating multiple signaling pathways in osteoclast precursor cells, chief among which is induction of long lasting oscillations in the intracellular concentration of Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)). The [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations activate calcineurin, which activates the transcription factor NFATc1. The pathway by which RANKL induces [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations and osteoclastogenesis is poorly understood. Here we report the discovery of a novel pathway induced by RANKL to cause a long lasting increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations that is essential for differentiation of bone marrow-derived monocytes into osteoclasts. The pathway includes RANKL-mediated stimulation of Rac1 to generate ROS, which stimulate phospholipase Cgamma1 to evoke [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations by stimulating Ca(2+) release from the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate pool and STIM1-regulated Ca(2+) influx. Induction and activation of the pathway is observed only after 24-h stimulation with RANKL and lasts for at least 3 days. The physiological role of the pathway is demonstrated in mice with deletion of the Peroxiredoxin II gene and results in a mark increase is ROS and, consequently, a decrease in bone density. Moreover, bone marrow-derived monocytes in PrxII(-/-) primary culture show increased ROS and spontaneous [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations. These findings identify the primary RANKL-stimulated pathway to trigger the late stages of osteoclastogenesis and regulate bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seuk Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Oral Science Research Center, Center for Natural Defense System, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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Oboh G, Raddatz H, Henle T. Characterization of the antioxidant properties of hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts of Jute (Corchorus olitorius) leaf. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 60 Suppl 2:124-34. [DOI: 10.1080/09637480902824131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Oboh G, Henle T. Antioxidant and inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts of Salvia officinalis leaves on pro-oxidant-induced lipid peroxidation in brain and liver in vitro. J Med Food 2009; 12:77-84. [PMID: 19298199 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to determine the antioxidant activity and protective ability of water-extractable phytochemicals from Salvia officinalis leaves (strongly aromatic leaves used in flavoring cooked foods) on lipid peroxidation induced by some pro-oxidants in rat brain and liver homogenates in vitro. Aqueous extracts of the leaves were prepared, and the ability of the extract to inhibit 25 microM FeSO(4)- and 7 microM sodium nitroprusside-induced lipid peroxidation in isolated rat brain and liver was determined. Subsequently, the ascorbic acid content, total phenol content, reducing power, Fe(II) chelating, and .OH radical scavenging ability of the extracts were determined as indices of antioxidant activity. The results of the study revealed that the extract inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) production in basal and pro-oxidant-induced lipid peroxidation in the brain and liver in a dose-dependent manner. The percentage induction of lipid peroxidation by Fe(II) and sodium nitroprusside was higher in the brain than the liver; however, the level of inhibition of MDA production in the brain was significantly (P < .05) higher than the liver. The ascorbic acid (10.3 +/- 2.5 mg/g) and total phenol (7.6 +/- 1.2 mg/g) contents of the leaves were high; likewise, the aqueous extract had high reducing power and Fe(II) chelating ability but low .OH radical scavenging ability. This antioxidant and protective effect of this leaf could be harnessed in the management and prevention of degenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Oboh
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
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Oboh G, Amusan T. Nutritive Value and Antioxidant Properties of Cereal Gruels Produced from Fermented Maize and Sorghum. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430802671899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kade I, Paixão M, Rodrigues O, Ibukun E, Braga A, Zeni G, Nogueira C, Rocha J. Studies on the antioxidant effect and interaction of diphenyl diselenide and dicholesteroyl diselenide with hepatic δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and isoforms of lactate dehydrogenase. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Vo CD, Kilcher G, Tirelli N. Polymers and Sulfur: what are Organic Polysulfides Good For? Preparative Strategies and Biological Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:299-315. [PMID: 21706606 DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur(II)-containing polymers (polysulfides) combine flexible synthetic and processing techniques with a unique responsiveness to oxidants. Here, the polysulfide oxidative sensitivity is put into the biological context of the development of new anti-inflammatory therapies - the development of new anti-inflammatory methodologies, adopted interactions and the minimisation of foreign-body reactions - through the review of 50 years of research on polysulfide synthetic methodologies. Attention is paid to the identification of the most flexible and robust preparative techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Duan Vo
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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Ercin CN, Yesilova Z, Korkmaz A, Ozcan A, Oktenli C, Uygun A. The effect of iNOS inhibitors and hyperbaric oxygen treatment in a rat model of experimental colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2009; 54:75-9. [PMID: 18972208 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-008-0498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Our aim was to investigate the effectiveness of aminoguanidine (AMG), an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment in an experimental colitis model. METHODS We induced colitis in rats. In the control group, we applied 2 ml serum physiologic intraperitoneally for 7 days. In the HBO group, 100% oxygen at 2.4 atm pressure was applied for 7 days. In the AMG group, 100 mg/kg AMG was applied intraperitoneally for 7 days. In the HBO + AMG group, HBO and AMG were applied, respectively. At the end of 7 days, rats were sacrificed and the distal 10 cm part of colon was examined macro- and microscopically. RESULTS Severity of colitis and NO activities were reduced by AMG, HBO, and HBO + AMG application. There was histologically significant improvement, especially in the HBO + AMG group. CONCLUSIONS Both HBO and AMG were significantly effective in preventing weight loss, reducing NO activities, and severity of colitis, when comparing HBO and AMG separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Nuri Ercin
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.
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Role of Fyn and PI3K in H2O2-induced inhibition of apical Cl-/OH- exchange activity in human intestinal epithelial cells. Biochem J 2008; 416:99-108. [PMID: 18564062 DOI: 10.1042/bj20070960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
H(2)O(2) is a highly reactive oxygen metabolite that has been implicated as an important mediator of inflammation-induced intestinal injury associated with ischaemia/reperfusion, radiation and inflammatory bowel disease. Previous studies have shown that H(2)O(2) inhibits NaCl absorption and activates Cl(-) secretion in the rat and rabbit colon. To date, however, almost no information is available with respect to its effect on the human intestinal apical anion exchanger Cl(-)/OH(-) (HCO(3)(-)). The present studies were, therefore, undertaken to examine the direct effects of H(2)O(2) on OH(-) gradient-driven DIDS (4,4'-di-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate)-sensitive (36)Cl(-) uptake utilizing a post-confluent transformed human intestinal epithelial cell line, Caco-2. Our results demonstrate that H(2)O(2) (1 mM for 60 min) significantly inhibited (approx. 60%; P<0.05) Cl(-)/OH(-) exchange activity in Caco-2 cells. H(2)O(2)-mediated inhibition of Cl(-)/OH(-) exchange activity involved the Src kinase Fyn and PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)-dependent pathways. H(2)O(2) also induced phosphorylation of Fyn and p85 (the regulatory subunit of PI3K) in Caco-2 cells. Moreover, an increased association of Fyn and p85 was observed in response to H(2)O(2), resulting in the activation of the downstream target PLCgamma1 (phospholipase Cgamma1). Elevated intracellular Ca(2+) levels and PKCalpha (protein kinase Calpha) functioned as downstream effectors of H(2)O(2)-induced PLCgamma1 activation. Our results, for the first time, provide evidence for H(2)O(2)-induced Src kinase Fyn/PI3K complex association. This complex association resulted in the subsequent activation of PLCgamma1 and Ca(2+)-dependent PKCalpha, resulting in the inhibition of Cl(-)/OH(-) exchange activity. These findings suggest that H(2)O(2)-induced inhibition of the Cl(-)/OH(-) exchange process may play an important role in the pathophysiology of diarrhoea associated with inflammatory disorders, where the amount of reactive oxygen species is markedly elevated.
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Sun-drying diminishes the antioxidative potentials of leaves of Eugenia uniflora against formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances induced in homogenates of rat brain and liver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 60:365-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Maor I, Rainis T, Lanir A, Lavy A. Oxidative stress, inflammation and neutrophil superoxide release in patients with Crohn's disease: distinction between active and non-active disease. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53:2208-14. [PMID: 18253831 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-007-0141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress has been previously demonstrated in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). However, to date, this parameter has not been assessed in a comparative study of patients in prolonged remission and those with the active disease. We report here our study of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant and inflammation status in serum derived from 16 active CD patients, 27 clinically stable patients, and 15 healthy controls. Results The extent of lipid peroxidation was higher in CD patients than in the healthy controls, while the levels of lipid peroxides (PD) and of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in serum obtained from patients with active CD (22 and 30%, respectively) than in that obtained from patients in remission. An analysis of the antioxidant status revealed that the beta-carotene levels in sera derived from all CD patients - patients with active or stable CD (49.4 +/- 15 and 95.6 +/- 25 mg% beta-carotene, respectively) - were higher than that in the controls (145 +/- 40 mg%). Serum activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was significantly (P < 0.001) higher (by 31%) in the patients with active CD than in the control group. There was no significant difference in GSH-Px activity between patients in remission and the controls. In terms of the inflammatory status, we found significantly (P < 0.01) higher levels of C-reactive proteins (CRP) and of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in patients with active CD than in CD patients in remission. There was a significant correlation between those parameters and the extent of lipid oxidation. Neutrophils, which are a potential source of oxygen-free radicals, were activated by incubation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxide and lysozyme release were significantly reduced in neutrophils derived from patients with active CD (by 25 and 28%, respectively) in comparison to the control group. However, stimulated neutrophils from stable patients demonstrated only a minimally non-significant lower release of superoxide and lysozyme compared to the controls. Conclusion The results obtained in this study demonstrate an enhanced inflammatory and oxidative stress and a decreased antioxidant status in patients with active CD. As the patients improved and became clinically stable, the oxidative parameters decreased, approaching normal values. As neutrophil activation was also lower in patients with active disease, neutrophil activation may represent a possible defense mechanism of the body against tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Maor
- Department of Biochemistry, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
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Chappell AE, Bunz M, Smoll E, Dong H, Lytle C, Barrett KE, McCole DF. Hydrogen peroxide inhibits Ca2+-dependent chloride secretion across colonic epithelial cells via distinct kinase signaling pathways and ion transport proteins. FASEB J 2008; 22:2023-36. [PMID: 18211955 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-099697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key mediators in a number of inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). ROS, including hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), modulate intestinal epithelial ion transport and are believed to contribute to IBD-associated diarrhea. Intestinal crypt fluid secretion, driven by electrogenic Cl(-) secretion, hydrates and sterilizes the crypt, thus reducing bacterial adherence. Here, we show that pathophysiological concentrations of H(2)O(2) inhibit Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) secretion across T(84) colonic epithelial cells by elevating cytosolic Ca(2+), which contributes to activation of two distinct signaling pathways. One involves recruitment of the Ca(2+)-responsive kinases, Src and Pyk-2, as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). A separate pathway recruits p38 MAP kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) signaling. The ion transport response to Ca(2+)-dependent stimuli is mediated in part by K(+) efflux through basolateral K(+) channels and Cl(-) uptake by the Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter, NKCC1. We demonstrate that H(2)O(2) inhibits Ca(2+)-dependent basolateral K(+) efflux and also inhibits NKCC1 activity independently of inhibitory effects on apical Cl(-) conductance. Thus, we have demonstrated that H(2)O(2) inhibits Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) secretion through multiple negative regulatory signaling pathways and inhibition of specific ion transporters. These findings increase our understanding of mechanisms by which inflammation disturbs intestinal epithelial function and contributes to intestinal pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred E Chappell
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0063, USA
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Abstract
Oxidation is an almost ubiquitous feature of inflammatory reactions. We discuss the development of nanocarriers that respond to the presence of oxidants with profound physical reorganization, which could in perspective allow their use for delivering anti-inflammatory principles in an inflammation-responsive fashion. We also present a study demonstrating that the response of polysulfide nanoparticles has a bulk character, i.e., the odixation reactions happen homogeneously throughout the nanoparticles, and not interfacially.
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Brownlee IA, Knight J, Dettmar PW, Pearson JP. Action of reactive oxygen species on colonic mucus secretions. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43:800-8. [PMID: 17664143 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Revised: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many colonic diseases. Mucus is the colon's first line of defence against luminal agents. This study has therefore characterised ROS action on colonic mucus secretions. ROS were produced using peroxide-based systems of different concentrations. The effects of these systems were tested on native colonic mucus gels, isolated colonic mucins, and in vivo models. Colonic mucus gels were resistant to ROS breakdown. Mucins were susceptible to ROS attack, causing loss of terminal sugars and protein and mucin fragmentation. The in vivo thickness of the mucus barrier was reduced by up to 50% by ROS (above 5 mM peroxide). A 5 mM peroxide caused a significant increase in resting mucus thickness of ca. 15%. All ROS-generating systems caused mucosal damage once the loosely adherent mucus had been removed. As native mucus gel is more resistant to ROS damage than purified mucin, nonmucin components of mucus may have extensive ROS-scavenging properties. Low levels of luminal colonic ROS increase the protection afforded by the mucus barrier in vivo. Higher levels of ROS significantly reduce this protection. In vitro modeling of mucus degradation by ROS does not necessarily correlate with the dynamic, in vivo situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain A Brownlee
- Epithelial group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Katsube T, Tsuji H, Onoda M. Nitric oxide attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced barrier disruption and protein tyrosine phosphorylation in monolayers of intestinal epithelial cell. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2007; 1773:794-803. [PMID: 17451824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium provides a barrier to the transport of harmful luminal molecules into the systemic circulation. A dysfunctional epithelial barrier is closely associated with the pathogenesis of a variety of intestinal and systemic disorders. We investigated here the effects of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) on the barrier function of a human intestinal epithelial cell line, Caco-2. When treated with H(2)O(2), Caco-2 cell monolayers grown on permeable supports exhibited several remarkable features of barrier dysfunction as follows: a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance, an increase in paracellular permeability to dextran, and a disruption of the intercellular junctional localization of the scaffolding protein ZO-1. In addition, an induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of numerous cellular proteins including ZO-1, E-cadherin, and beta-catenin, components of tight and adherens junctions, was observed. On the other hand, combined treatment of Caco-2 monolayers with H(2)O(2) and an NO donor (NOC5 or NOC12) relieved the damage to the barrier function and suppressed the protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced by H(2)O(2) alone. These results suggest that NO protects the barrier function of intestinal epithelia from oxidative stress by modulating some intracellular signaling pathways of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Katsube
- Radiation Effect Mechanisms Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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