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Pasdaran A, Zare M, Hamedi A, Hamedi A. A Review of the Chemistry and Biological Activities of Natural Colorants, Dyes, and Pigments: Challenges, and Opportunities for Food, Cosmetics, and Pharmaceutical Application. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300561. [PMID: 37471105 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Natural pigments are important sources for the screening of bioactive lead compounds. This article reviewed the chemistry and therapeutic potentials of over 570 colored molecules from plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, algae, and marine sources. Moreover, related biological activities, advanced extraction, and identification approaches were reviewed. A variety of biological activities, including cytotoxicity against cancer cells, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, anti-microbial, antiviral, and anti-protozoal activities, have been reported for different pigments. Considering their structural backbone, they were classified as naphthoquinones, carotenoids, flavonoids, xanthones, anthocyanins, benzotropolones, alkaloids, terpenoids, isoprenoids, and non-isoprenoids. Alkaloid pigments were mostly isolated from bacteria and marine sources, while flavonoids were mostly found in plants and mushrooms. Colored quinones and xanthones were mostly extracted from plants and fungi, while colored polyketides and terpenoids are often found in marine sources and fungi. Carotenoids are mostly distributed among bacteria, followed by fungi and plants. The pigments isolated from insects have different structures, but among them, carotenoids and quinone/xanthone are the most important. Considering good manufacturing practices, the current permitted natural colorants are: Carotenoids (canthaxanthin, β-carotene, β-apo-8'-carotenal, annatto, astaxanthin) and their sources, lycopene, anthocyanins, betanin, chlorophyllins, spirulina extract, carmine and cochineal extract, henna, riboflavin, pyrogallol, logwood extract, guaiazulene, turmeric, and soy leghemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student research committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azar Hamedi
- School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Kim D, An S, Kim L, Byeon YM, Lee J, Choi MJ, An YJ. Translocation and chronic effects of microplastics on pea plants (Pisum sativum) in copper-contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129194. [PMID: 35739724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) released into soil environments, along with the existing pollutants in soil, may have adverse effects on plants. However, the chronic effects of MPs in soils contaminated with heavy metals on crop plants remain unidentified. This study aimed to investigate the chronic effects of MPs (polystyrene, 20 nm) on the reproductive and nutritional status of pea crop plant (Pisum sativum) grown in Cu- (40 mg/kg) and MP-contaminated soils (40, 20 mg/kg). The crop yield reduced in all groups, with an evident decrease in the complex exposure group (comprising MPs and Cu). Moreover, significant changes in plants were identified regarding the weight, color, amino acids, and protein content of peas. Nutrient content in beans increased by MP exposure in single and complex exposure groups. Cu accumulation did not differ in the presence and absence of MPs. Additionally, MPs that infiltrated into incomplete casparian strips during root formation translocated into aerial parts via the apoplast pathway along the cell walls of the vascular bundle. Therefore, long-term exposure to MPs in soil can significantly affect plants while collective application of Cu and MPs imposed severe damage. The changes in the crop quality and nutrient contents may in turn affect human health through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyung Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sanghee An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Lia Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Yeong Mi Byeon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jiseon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Romodin LA, Lysenko NP. The Radioprotective Effect of Chlorophyll-Based Drugs. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350922010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Oliveira RC, Cortés-Eslava J, Gómez-Arroyo S, Carvajal-Moreno M. Mutagenicity assessment of aflatoxin B1 exposed to essential oils. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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A Plant Based Modified Biostimulant (Copper Chlorophyllin), Mediates Defense Response in Arabidopsis thaliana under Salinity Stress. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040625. [PMID: 33806070 PMCID: PMC8064443 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To date, managing salinity stress in agriculture relies heavily on development of salt tolerant plant varieties, a time-consuming process particularly challenging for many crops. Plant based biostimulants (PBs) that enhance plant defenses under stress can potentially address this drawback, as they are not crop specific and are easy to apply in the field. Unfortunately, limited knowledge about their modes of action makes it harder to utilize them on a broader scale. Understanding how PBs enhance plant defenses at cellular and molecular levels, is a prerequisite for the development of sustainable management practices utilizing biostimulants to improve crop health. In this study we elucidated the protective mechanism of copper chlorophyllin (Cu-chl), a PB, under salinity stress. Our results indicate that Cu-chl exerts protective effects primarily by decreasing oxidative stress through modulating cellular H2O2 levels. Cu-chl treated plants increased tolerance to oxidative stress imposed by an herbicide, methyl viologen dichloride hydrate as well, suggesting a protective role against various sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RNA-Seq analysis of Cu-chl treated Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings subjected to salt stress identified genes involved in ROS detoxification, and cellular growth.
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Dashwood RH. Cancer interception by interceptor molecules: mechanistic, preclinical and human translational studies with chlorophylls. Genes Environ 2021; 43:8. [PMID: 33676582 PMCID: PMC7937315 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Before 'cancer interception' was first advocated, 'interceptor molecules' had been conceived as a sub-category of preventive agents that interfered with the earliest initiation steps in carcinogenesis. Three decades ago, a seminal review cataloged over fifty synthetic agents and natural products that were known or putative interceptor molecules. Chlorophylls and their derivatives garnered much interest based on the potent antimutagenic activity in the Salmonella assay, and the subsequent mechanistic work that provided proof-of-concept for direct molecular complexes with planar aromatic carcinogens. As the 'interceptor molecule' hypothesis evolved, mechanistic experiments and preclinical studies supported the view that chlorophylls can interact with environmental heterocyclic amines, aflatoxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to limit their uptake and bioavailability in vivo. Support also came from human translational studies involving ultralow dose detection in healthy volunteers, as well as intervention in at-risk subjects. Antimutagenic and antigenotoxic effects of natural and synthetic chlorophylls against small alkylating agents also highlighted the fact that non-interceptor mechanisms existed. This gave impetus to investigations broadly related to free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory effects, immune modulation and photodynamic therapy. Therapeutic aspects of chlorophylls also were investigated, with evidence for cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human cancer cells. As the science has evolved, new mechanistic leads continue to support the use and development of chlorophylls and their porphyrin derivatives for cancer interception, beyond the initial interest as interceptor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick H Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health, 2121 West Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Ștefănescu BE, Călinoiu LF, Ranga F, Fetea F, Mocan A, Vodnar DC, Crișan G. The Chemical and Biological Profiles of Leaves from Commercial Blueberry Varieties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1193. [PMID: 32932659 PMCID: PMC7569947 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Blueberries have seen an ascending production line boosted by World Health Organization (WHO) approvals for their contributions to a healthy diet and the evidence that they act against different diseases. This increase resulted in significant amounts of discarded leaves, which could be a valuable source of bioactive compounds. In the present study, ultrasound-assisted extraction technology was used to determine and compare the chemical and biological profiles of leaves from six commercial blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) varieties. Feruloylquinic acid was the major compound identified, ranging from 19.23 ± 0.18 mg/g (at the lowest level, registered in the Spartan variety) to 49.62 ± 0.41 mg/g (at the highest level, registered in the Nelson variety). Rutin was the second major compound identified, for which Toro, Nelson, and Elliot leaves registered the highest values, with 35.77 ± 0.19 mg/g, 32.50 ± 0.20 mg/g, and 31.53 ± 0.1 mg/g, respectively. Even though analogous polyphenols were detected in the six cultivars, their concentrations and amounts were different. The leaf extracts of the cultivars Toro, Elliot, and Nelson appear to be good sources of antioxidants, registering high percentage inhibitions of DPPH radicals, of 70.41%, 68.42%, and 58.69%, respectively. The blueberry leaf extracts had a strong antibacterial activity and a low antifungal capacity, and a low-to-moderate antimutagenic capacity towards Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains, with Toro leaf being the best candidate. All of these biological activities indicate health-related benefits, recommending them as suitable candidates for medical and pharmaceutical applications. The present paper adds significant knowledge to the field of blueberry leaves via chemical and biological profiles, supporting the ultrasound-assisted extraction technique as a useful and green method to provide alternative sources of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca-Eugenia Ștefănescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ghe. Marinescu Street 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.-E.Ș.); (A.M.); (G.C.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lavinia Florina Călinoiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Floricuța Ranga
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (F.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Florinela Fetea
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (F.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ghe. Marinescu Street 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.-E.Ș.); (A.M.); (G.C.)
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Advanced Horticulture Research of Transylvania, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3–5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (F.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Gianina Crișan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ghe. Marinescu Street 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.-E.Ș.); (A.M.); (G.C.)
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Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Nord-West Romanian Wild Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L. ) and Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. ) Leaves. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060495. [PMID: 32517130 PMCID: PMC7346130 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate and compare the in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antimutagenic activities, and the polyphenolic content of the Nord-West Romanian wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) leaves from three different natural habitats (Smida, Turda, Borsa). In the case of both species, the flavanols level was higher in Smida habitat (altitude 1100 m), whereas quercetin derivates were more abundant in Borsa habitat (altitude 850 m). The bilberry leaf extracts contained in the highest amounts the feruloylquinic acid (59.65 ± 0.44 mg/g for Borsa habitat) and rutin (49.83 ± 0.63 mg/g for Borsa habitat), and showed relevant 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant activity (271.65 mM Trolox/100 g plant material for Borsa habitat, 262.77 mM Trolox/100 g plant material for Smida habitat, and 320.83 mM Trolox/100 g plant material for Turda habitat), for all the three extracts. Gallocatechin was the dominant flavanol in lingonberry species, with the highest amount being registered for Smida habitat (46.81 ± 0.3 mg/g), revealing a DPPH antioxidant activity of 251.49 mM Trolox/100 g plant material. The results obtained in the antimicrobial tests showed that the best inhibitory effect among bilberry species was attributed to the Turda (altitude 436 m) and Smida locations, against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. For lingonberry, the differences in habitat did not influence the antibacterial effect, but the antifungal effect, only in the case of Candida zeylanoides. A strong antimutagenic effect was registered by the bilberry leaves toward Salmonella typhimurium TA100. Our study may be able to provide a better understanding of the correlation between natural habitat conditions and the accumulation of secondary metabolites and their related bioactivities in studied leaves.
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Călinoiu LF, Vodnar DC. Thermal Processing for the Release of Phenolic Compounds from Wheat and Oat Bran. Biomolecules 2019; 10:E21. [PMID: 31877857 PMCID: PMC7023188 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present paper was to identify the major polyphenolic compounds and investigate the antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antimicrobial activities of industrially-derived cereal byproducts-wheat bran (WB) and oat bran (OB)-before (fresh) and after thermal processing (TP) (10 min, 80 °C), coupled with ultrasound-asssited extraction. The results showed that the thermal process improved the total phenolic content of WB by +22.49%, and of OB with +25.84%. After the TP, the phenolic concentration showed a significant relative percentage increase in the case of WB (ferulic acid +39.18%, vanillic acid +95.68%, apigenin-glucoside +71.96%, p-coumaric acid +71.91) and of OB (avenanthramide 2c +52.17%, dihydroxybenzoic acids +38.55%). The best antioxidant capacity was registered by OBTP followed by WBTP. The strongest antimicrobial inhibition was attributed to the WBTP sample. Both thermally processed matrices had strong antimutagenic activity toward S. typhimurium TA100. This thermal processing was tested on bran based on its practical application within the food industry, considering the design of different cereal byproducts derived from functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Tanase C, Mocan A, Coșarcă S, Gavan A, Nicolescu A, Gheldiu AM, Vodnar DC, Muntean DL, Crișan O. Biological and Chemical Insights of Beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) Bark: A Source of Bioactive Compounds with Functional Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090417. [PMID: 31546945 PMCID: PMC6769934 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed, on the one hand, to improve the yield of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) of polyphenols from beech bark by using a design of experiments (DoE) approach. On the other hand, beech bark extracts (BBE) were characterized in terms of their phytochemical profile and evaluated for biological potential (antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antimutagen, anti-α-glucosidase, and anti-tyrosinase). The extraction time varies with the amount of extracted total phenolic content (TPC). The microwave power favors TPC extraction but in different proportions. The optimum conditions which gave the highest TPC (76.57 mg GAE/g dry plant material) were reached when the microwave power was 300 W, extraction time was 4 min, and the solvent was an ethanol–water (50:50) mixture. The practical value of TPC after a controlled experiment was 76.49 mg GAE/g plant material. The identified compounds were vanillic acid, gallic acid, epicatechin, catechin, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and isoquercitrin. The antioxidant potential of BBEs was demonstrated by in vitro experiments. The BBEs were active against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Candida species. All extracts were antimutagenic and expressed an inhibition on α-glucosidase and tyrosinase activity. Regarding antimutagen activity, the assayed extracts may be considered to have low or no antimutagen effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Tanase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania.
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Sanda Coșarcă
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Gavan
- Department of Medical Devices, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400439, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Nicolescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Ana-Maria Gheldiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Dan C Vodnar
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Daniela-Lucia Muntean
- Department of Analytical chemistry and Drug analysis, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology ", 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania.
| | - Ovidiu Crișan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Arora DS, Mahajan H. Major Phytoconstituents of Prunus cerasoides Responsible for Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Potential Against Some Reference Strains of Pathogenic Bacteria and Clinical Isolates of MRSA. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 188:1185-1204. [PMID: 30854606 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-02985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prunus cerasoides is a traditionally well known for human health in various ways and particularly its bark is reported to possess high therapeutic applications in wound healing, foot and mouth disease, and indigestion etc. But there is scanty literature available on its systematic studies and phytoconstituents responsible for antimicrobial activity so the work is proposed. The main aim of this study is to reveal the phytoconstituents responsible for antimicrobial and antibiofilm action to demonstrate the effectiveness of such compounds by extrapolating the data using clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, evaluation of P. cerasoides organic extract and phytoconstituents for their antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential against reference microbial strains was carried out. Antimicrobial potential was carried out using agar diffusion assay and biosafety of organic extract and its phytoconstituents was evaluated by MTT and Ames mutagenicity assay. Ethyl acetate was found to be the best organic extractant, where Klebsiella pneumoniae 1 (39.5 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (22.5 mm) were the most sensitive microorganisms, respectively. Among the major phytoconstituents, flavonoids (14.5-33.5mm), diterpenes (14-28.7 mm), and cardiac glycosides (11.5-20.5mm) exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Ethyl acetate extract showed better potency with lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (0.1-10 mg/ml) than the most active partially purified phytoconstituents (0.5-10 mg/ml). Total activity potency for ethyl acetate extract ranged from 26.66-2666 ml/g and for flavonoids, it was 41-410 ml/g, thus considered as highly potent and bactericidal in nature as evidenced from VCC study. The major bioactive compounds were found to be biosafe. The most active phytoconstituents were found to have antibiofilm potential, as well as effective against clinical isolates of MRSA, thus, the findings indicate that P. cerasoides stem bark could be a potential source for development of broad-spectrum drugs against multidrug-resistant bugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daljit Singh Arora
- Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
| | - Himadri Mahajan
- Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
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Sciuti L, Cocca L, Caires A, Gonçalves P, de Boni L. Picosecond dynamic of aqueous sodium-copper chlorophyllin solution: An excited state absorption study. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Socaci SA, Fărcaş AC, Diaconeasa ZM, Vodnar DC, Rusu B, Tofană M. Influence of the extraction solvent on phenolic content, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antimutagenic activities of brewers’ spent grain. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Ökmen G. The Biological Activities of Lavandula stoechas L. against Food Pathogens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2017. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.372221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Mocan A, Zengin G, Simirgiotis M, Schafberg M, Mollica A, Vodnar DC, Crişan G, Rohn S. Functional constituents of wild and cultivated Goji (L. barbarum L.) leaves: phytochemical characterization, biological profile, and computational studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:153-168. [PMID: 28095717 PMCID: PMC6009880 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1243535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) leaves are emphasized as a functional tea or as dietary supplements. The phenolic compound profile, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, antimicrobial, and antimutagenic activities of leaf extracts from two selected cultivars in comparison with wild-growing plants have been evaluated. HPLC-DAD/ESI-ToF-MS analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids with chlorogenic acid and rutin being the dominant compounds in the cultivated plants, whereas rutin and kaempeferol-3-O-rutinoside for wild growing ones. In particular, cv. Erma contained the highest amount of chlorogenic acid and showed a strong tyrosinase-inhibitory effect. Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Penicillium funiculosum were the most sensitive strains when exposed to extracts from cultivated plants. Antimutagenic activity was evaluated by Ames' test. The tested extracts provided high protection against mutagenicity induced by 2-anthramine (2-AA) to Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100 (max. inhibition (%) 88% and 74.2%, respectively). Overall, Goji leaves are a rich source of bioactive compounds with functional properties that need further risk/benefit evaluation when used in foods or health-promoting formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Mocan
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gökhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mario Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Michaela Schafberg
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d’Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Dan C. Vodnar
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gianina Crişan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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In Vitro Evaluation and Statistical Optimization of Antimicrobial Activity of Prunus cerasoides Stem Bark. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:821-837. [PMID: 28871479 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nature is a generous source of compounds with the potential for prevention of infections. Antimicrobial screening of aqueous extract from bark of wild Himalayan cherry (Prunus cerasoides) was carried out against various pathogenic microorganisms with inhibition zone ranging from 19 to 24 mm. An optimization strategy, which included classical method and statistical method (RSM), was applied to optimize the effect of process variables. Fifteen percent plant material extracted at 40 °C for 60 min and at its natural pH (4.5) exhibited best antimicrobial activity with an average zone of inhibition ranging from 19 to 29 mm. Statistical optimization using RSM further enhanced the activity by 1.09-1.24 folds. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the aqueous extract against different microorganism ranged from 1 to 10 mg/ml. The aqueous extract was found to be reasonably thermostable at boiling temperature for 1 h. Viable cell count (VCC) studies of the extract showed it to be bactericidal in nature. Further, the aqueous extract was found to be neither cytotoxic nor mutagenic, when evaluated by MTT assay and Ames mutagenicity test. The results suggest that the aqueous extract of P. cerasoides could be a potential source to obtain new antimicrobials and effective herbal medicines to combat the problem of ever emerging microbial resistance.
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Identification of the bioactive compounds and antioxidant, antimutagenic and antimicrobial activities of thermally processed agro-industrial waste. Food Chem 2017; 231:131-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
Unsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation products from beef fat and pure fatty acids were subjected to the Ames Salmonella mutagenicity testing, including monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFA: oleic acid, vaccenic acid, elaidic acid; beef fatty acid fractions rich in trans (t)11/t13-t14-18:1 (t11,13,14-Frac), t10-18:1 (t10-Frac)] and dienoic fatty acids [linoleic acid, conjugated linoleic isomers cis (c)9,t11-18:2 and t10,c12-18:2, and a mixed beef dienoic fatty acid fraction high in c9,t13-/t8,c12/t11c15-18:2 (MD)]. Significantly higher anti-mutagenic effects of oleic acid, vaccenic acid, t11, 13, 14-Frac, and t10-Frac against daunomycin were observed at 2.5 mg. All dienoic acids except MD significantly reduced daunomycin mutagenicity at ≥0.25 mg. Anti-mutagenicity of oleic and vaccenic acids against 2-aminoanthracene was found at 2.5 and 0.25 mg, respectively. All dienoic acids significantly reduced 2-aminoanthracene mutagenicity at ≥0.25 mg. Findings of this study show that unsaturated fatty acids, including trans-fatty acids commonly found in beef, can act as strong anti-mutagens.
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Okmen G, Balpınar N. THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2016; 14:213-218. [PMID: 28480399 PMCID: PMC5411873 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastitis reduces milk yield and alters milk composition. Antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of the disease. However, this widespread use of antibiotics causes both antibiotic residues in milks and antibiotic resistance developed in bacteria. Today's researches are focused on discovering and using new antibiotics against bacteria. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to discover the antibacterial effects of Hypericum perforatum L. extracts against mastitis pathogens, and its other biological activities. MATERIAL AND METHODS Kirby-Bauer assay was applied to the extracts. The other antibacterial activity was MIC for plant extracts. The non-enzymatic antioxidant activity was found using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH). RESULTS The extract was showed maximum inhibition zone against two bacteria (Coagulase-negative Staphylococci-33 and 37; CNS 33 and 37), and the zone was 17 mm. A bacterium (CNS - 22) showed the lowest sensitivity to 812.5 μg/mL concentration. In addition, the extract was tried against the stable DPPH for antioxidant activity. As a result, the extract showed a strength antioxidant activity. Trolox equivalent is 0.83 mM. CONCLUSION The extract of Hypericum perforatum have antibacterial, antioxidant and antimutagenic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulten Okmen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mugla Sitki Kocman, 48000 Mugla, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Balpınar
- Department of Biology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Istiklal Campus, 15030 Burdur, Turkey
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Verschaeve L. Genotoxicity and Antigenotoxicity Studies of Traditional Medicinal Plants: How Informative and Accurate are the Results? Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity studies of (traditional medicinal) plants are important from a risk assessment point of view and in the search for new medication against, for example, cancer. It is clear yet that attention should be paid to a number of aspects that may influence the outcome of a study and to which often no or insufficient attention is paid. A short overview is given of such aspects that deserve more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Verschaeve
- Toxicology Unit, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Moore MN. Do airborne biogenic chemicals interact with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR cell signalling pathway to benefit human health and wellbeing in rural and coastal environments? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 140:65-75. [PMID: 25825132 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Living and taking recreation in rural and coastal environments promote health and wellbeing, although the causal factors involved are unclear. It has been proposed that such environments provide a counter to the stresses of everyday living, leading to enhanced mental and physical health. Living in natural environments will result in airborne exposure to a wide range of biogenic chemicals through inhalation and ingestion of airborne microbiota and particles. The "biogenics" hypothesis formulated here is that regular exposure to low concentrations of mixtures of natural compounds and toxins in natural environments confers pleiotropic health benefits by inhibiting the activities of interconnected cell signalling systems, particularly PI3K/Akt/mTORC1. When overactive, Akt and mTOR (mTORC1) can lead to many pathological processes including cancers, diabetes, inflammation, immunosuppression, and neurodegenerative diseases. There is a substantial body of evidence that many natural products (i.e., from bacteria, algae, fungi and higher plants) inhibit the activities of these protein kinases. Other mTOR-related interconnected metabolic control "switches" (e.g., PTEN & NF-κB), autophagy and other cytoprotective processes are also affected by natural products. The "biogenics" hypothesis formulated here is that regular intermittent exposure to a mixture of airborne biogenic compounds in natural environments confers pleiotropic health benefits by inhibiting activities of the highly interconnected PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 system. It is proposed that future experimental exposures to biogenic aerosols in animal models coupled with epidemiology, should target the activities of the various kinases in the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 systems and related physiological processes for selected urban, rural and coastal populations in order to test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Moore
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health (ECEHH), University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3HD, UK; Department of Science and Innovative Technology (DSIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, Alessandria, Italy; Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake's Circus, Plymouth PL4 8DD, UK.
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Arvinder K, Davinder K, Saroj A. Evaluation of antioxidant and antimutagenic potential of Justicia adhatoda leaves extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2015.14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Zhao C, Frew J, Muhaidat J, Cheung K, Lee P, Poulos V, McCrossin I, Cachia A, Tefany F, Murrell D. Chlorophyll‐induced pseudoporphyria with ongoing photosensitivity after cessation – a case series of four patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:1239-42. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.Y. Zhao
- Dermatology St George Hospital Sydney Australia
- Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | - J.W. Frew
- Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
- Dermatology St Vincent's Hospital Sydney Australia
| | - J. Muhaidat
- Pathology Skin and Cancer Foundation Sydney Australia
| | - K. Cheung
- Pathology Skin and Cancer Foundation Sydney Australia
| | - P. Lee
- Eastern Suburbs Dermatology Sydney Australia
| | - V. Poulos
- Biochemistry Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney Australia
| | | | - A.R. Cachia
- Dermatology St Vincent's Hospital Sydney Australia
| | - F. Tefany
- Dermatology St Vincent's Hospital Sydney Australia
- Southern Highlands Dermatology Bowral Australia
| | - D.F. Murrell
- Dermatology St George Hospital Sydney Australia
- Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
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Abbas Ahmadi M, Tajabadi Ebrahimi M, Mehrabian S, Tafvizi F, Bahrami H, Dameshghian M. Antimutagenic and Anticancer Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Tarhana Through Ames Test and Phylogenetic Analysis By 16S rDNA. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:1406-13. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.956254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Morphological analysis and interaction of chlorophyll and BSA. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:872701. [PMID: 24963490 PMCID: PMC4052157 DOI: 10.1155/2014/872701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between proteins and drugs, which can lead to formation of stable drug-protein complexes, have important implications on several processes related to human health. These interactions can affect, for instance, free concentration, biological activity, and metabolism of the drugs in the blood stream. Here, we report on the UV-Visible spectroscopic investigation on the interaction of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with chlorophyll (Chl) in aqueous solution under physiological conditions. Binding constants at different temperatures—obtained by using the Benesi-Hildebrand equation—were found to be of the same order of magnitude (~104 M−1) indicating low affinity of Chl with BSA. We have found a hyperchromism, which suggested an interaction between BSA and Chl occurring through conformational changes of BSA caused by exposition of tryptophan to solvent. Films from BSA and Chl obtained at different Chl concentrations showed fractal structures, which were characterized by fractal dimension calculated from microscopic image analysis.
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Tsai WH, Yang CC, Li PC, Chen WC, Chien CT. Therapeutic potential of traditional chinese medicine on inflammatory diseases. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 3:142-51. [PMID: 24716170 PMCID: PMC3924991 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.114898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress induces inflammation to several tissues/organs leading to cell death and long-term injury. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and autophagic regulatory functions has been widely used as preventive or therapeutic strategy in modern medicine. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been widely reported to contribute to cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation, hepatotoxicity, or sympathetic activation-induced liver inflammation, lipopolysaccharide-induced renal inflammation, and substance P-mediated neurogenic hyperactive bladder based on clinical findings. In this review, we introduce several evidences for TCM treatment including Monascus adlay (MA) produced by inoculating adlay (Cois lachrymal-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) with Monascus purpureus on lung injury, Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn. of Euphorbiaceae family) on hepatotoxin-induced liver inflammation, Virgate Wormwood Decoction (Yīn Chén Hāo tāng) and its active component genipin on sympathetic activation–induced liver inflammation, and green tea extract and its active components, catechins, or a modified TCM formula Five Stranguries Powder (Wǔ Lén Sǎn) plus Crataegi Fructus (Shān Zhā) on hyperactive bladder. The pathophysiologic and molecular mechanisms of TCM on ameliorating inflammatory diseases are discussed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsin Tsai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Linsen (Chinese Medicine) Branch, Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Yang
- Bureau of Planning, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan ; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chia Li
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Chuan Chen
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chien
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Stojković DS, Davidović S, Živković J, Glamočlija J, Ćirić A, Stevanović M, Ferreira IC, Soković M. Comparative evaluation of antimutagenic and antimitotic effects ofMorchella esculentaextracts and protocatechuic acid. FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2014.901925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Okmen G, Turkcan O. A study on antimicrobial, antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. leaves. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2013; 11:116-20. [PMID: 24653563 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND [corrected] The aim of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antimutagenic potentials of methanol extracts from E. angustifolia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanol extracts were screened for antimicrobial activity against different species of 4 Gram positive and 3 Gram negative bacteria and one fungus. These bacteria included food pathogens. The leaf extract was tested using disc diffusion assay. RESULTS The methanol extract of E. angustifolia showed maximum inhibition zone of 16 mm against Yersinia enterocolitica. Whereas, the inhibition zone was not determined by methanol extract against Escherichia coli ATCC 1122 and Candida albicans RSKK 02029. The MIC was evaluated on plant extracts as antimicrobial activity. All of bacterial strains showed the lowest sensitivity to methanol extract of E. angustifolia (3.5 mg/mL), except Yersinia enterocolitica NCTC 11174. In addition, the plant extracts were tested against the stable DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free-radical. Finally, the methanol extract displayed a strong antioxidant activity (Trolox equivalent = 1.49 mM). Also, E. angustifolia methanol extracts were screened for their antimutagenic activity against sodium azide by Ames test in absence of rat microsomal liver enzyme (-S9). The results showed that E. angustifolia methanol extracts can inhibit mutagenic agents of sodium azide. The plant leaf extracts with the inhibition of 36% sodium azide showed moderate potential in decreasing mutagenic agents in Salmonella typhimurium TA100. CONCLUSION E. angustifolia methanol extracts have antimicrobial, antioxidant and antimutagenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Okmen
- Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, TURKEY
| | - O Turkcan
- Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, TURKEY
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Antimutagenic and antioxidant properties of plumbagin and other naphthoquinones. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 755:30-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Satish A, Punith Kumar R, Rakshith D, Satish S, Ahmed F. Antimutagenic and antioxidant activity of Ficus benghalensis stem bark and Moringa oleifera root extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kaezer A, Aiub C, Mazzei J, Ribeiro-Pinto L, Felzenszwalb I. Antimutagenic effect and phenolic content of green and roasted yerba mate beverages in different packages available in the Brazilian market. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2011.601429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Caffeic acid derivatives, total phenols, antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of Echinacea purpurea flower extracts. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2011.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Hong CE, Cho MC, Jang HA, Lyu SY. Mutagenicity and anti-mutagenicity of Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus. J Toxicol Sci 2012; 36:661-8. [PMID: 22008541 DOI: 10.2131/jts.36.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus (ADA) extracts have been assessed by mutagenic and anti-mutagenic activities by Ames test. Mutation of Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA1535, TA1537, and Escherichia coli WP2 uvr A was assayed in duplicates by the procedure of Maron and Ames in the presence or absence of S9 mix. As a result, ADA extracts were not mutagenic for S. typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA1535, TA1537, and E. coli by the Ames assay. Anti-mutagenic activity was assayed by the Ames mutagenicity assay using histidine mutant of S. typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100, using the plate-incorporation method. 2-Aminoanthrancene (2-AA), 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylamide (AF-2), and sodium azide (NaN(3)) were used as the mutagens. ADA extracts showed a strong anti-mutagenic activity against 2-AA-induced mutagenesis which requires liver-metabolizing enzymes, and the same extract exhibited inhibitory effects on AF-2 and NaN(3)-induced mutagenesis in the absence of liver-metabolizing enzymes. The data indicate that ADA extracts contain anti-mutagenic activities against typical mutagens. The anti-mutagenic property of ADA provides additional health supplemental value to the other claimed therapeutic properties of the plant.
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Abdillahi HS, Verschaeve L, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Mutagenicity, antimutagenicity and cytotoxicity evaluation of South African Podocarpus species. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 139:728-738. [PMID: 22155396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Four species of Podocarpus are used in traditional medicine both in human and animal healthcare in South Africa. In vitro pharmacological screening of leaf and stem extracts of these species exhibited potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase, anthelmintic, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the mutagenicity, antimutagenicity and cytotoxicity effects of leaf and stem extract of South African Podocarpus species. MATERIAL AND METHODS The mutagenicity and cytotoxic effects of extracts from four species of Podocarpus were tested using the Salmonella/microsome assay with and without metabolic activation, based on the plate-incorporation method and neutral red uptake (NRU) assay respectively. Five Salmonella typhimurium tester strains; TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535 and TA1537 were used for mutagenicity testing. The relative cytotoxicity of the extracts was assessed by determining their NI(50) values (50% inhibition of NRU). RESULTS The extracts did not show any mutagenic effects against all the tester strains with or without metabolic activation. All extracts demonstrated a strong antimutagenic effect on the mutations induced by 4NQO, decreasing its mutagenic effect in a dose-dependent manner. Strong cytotoxic effects were exhibited by petroleum ether extracts as compared to 80% ethanol extracts. When HepG2 cells were in contact with plant extracts in an increasing concentration, slopes of NRU decreased (highest-lowest %) following a concentration-dependent pattern. For 80% ethanol extracts, the most toxic extract in terms of percentage viability was leaves of Podocarpus falcatus whereby at 0.2 mg/ml, the viability of the cells was 38.9%. Stem extract of Podocarpus latifolius was the most toxic among PE extracts, giving a percentage viability of 46.4 at 0.1 mg/ml. CONCLUSION Absence of mutagenicity does not indicate lack of toxicity, as was observed from these extracts. These findings will help in assessing the safety measures to be considered in the use of these species and also the need to determine the cytotoxic potential of these species against various forms of human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima S Abdillahi
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
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Saxena S, Gautam S, Maru G, Kawle D, Sharma A. Suppression of error prone pathway is responsible for antimutagenic activity of honey. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:625-33. [PMID: 22269905 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Honey, both unifloral (Syzygiumcumini) and bifloral, demonstrated strong antimutagenicity against physical (UV, γ) and chemical (ethylmethane sulfonate) mutagens as ascertained by rpoB/RifR and Ames tests. The effect of honey was evaluated in radiation (UV or γ) exposed Escherichia coli cells for SOS response, a well known error prone repair pathway known to significantly contribute to mutagenicity by quantifying LexA repressor level, measuring cell filamentation frequency, and prophage induction by SIVET (Selectable--In-Vivo Expression Technology) assay. LexA was almost completely degraded, phenotypically long filamentous cells (∼30 μm) were formed, and SIVET induction frequency was increased in radiation exposed E. coli cultures, however, these changes were significantly inhibited in presence of honey confirming its strong antimutagenic nature. Further, rpoB/RifR mutation frequency upon UV exposure in E. coli recA- cells was found to be negligible, whereas, E. coliumuC- and umuD- knockouts showed comparatively higher mutation frequency. Honey did not show any effect on mutagenesis in these knockouts, indicating the SOS dependence of the observed mutagenesis. Honey was also found to suppress EMS induced mutagenesis but through SOS independent mechanism. Phenolics present in honey were found to be one of the important factors contributing to the antimutagenicity of honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Saxena
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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Chae JW, Kim JS, Jo BS, Kang SA, Park HJ, Joo SH, Chun SS, Cho YJ. Biological Activity of Ethanol Extracts from Amelanchier asiatica Fruits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3839/jabc.2011.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chen KH, Lin BR, Chien CT, Ho CH. Emblica officinalisGaertn. AttentuatesN-Nitrosodiethylamine-Induced Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Inflammation in Rat Livers. J Med Food 2011; 14:746-55. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsin Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Ru Lin
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chien
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsin Ho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kuang-Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Shin HJ, Shin MO. Antimicrobial- and Anticarcinogenic Activities of Amphitrite albicostatu Fractions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2010.20.10.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Negi PS, Jayaprakasha GK, Jena BS. Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Activities of the Extracts from the Fruit Rinds ofGarcinia cowa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10942910903050383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Parvathy K, Negi P, Srinivas P. Curcumin–amino acid conjugates: Synthesis, antioxidant and antimutagenic attributes. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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NAZZARO F, CALIENDO G, ARNESI G, VERONESI A, SARZI P, FRATIANNI F. COMPARATIVE CONTENT OF SOME BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN TWO VARIETIES OF CAPSICUM ANNUUM L. SWEET PEPPER AND EVALUATION OF THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL AND MUTAGENIC ACTIVITIES. J Food Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kaleeswaran S, Sriram P, Prabhu D, Mathuram LN. Anti- and pro-mutagenic effects of silymarin in the Ames bacterial reverse mutation assay. Phytother Res 2009; 23:1378-84. [PMID: 19277970 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Silymarin, a polyphenolic flavonoid isolated from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), is being used clinically in Europe and Asia for the treatment of liver diseases. Silymarin has a strong antioxidative action capable of scavenging both free radicals and reactive oxygen species responsible for cancer. Silymarin, a powerful hepatoprotective and antioxidant, was chosen in the present study and was tested for its antimutagenic activity using an in vitro test, the Ames bacterial reverse mutation assay. The results indicated that silymarin showed a significant mutagenicity in frame shift mutant strains (TA97a and TA98) with metabolic activation. This compound also showed stronger antimutagenic effect against 2-aminofluorene and 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide induced mutation. When pre-, co- and post-treatment of silymarin was carried out, it showed stronger antimutagenic activity in the post-treatment with 2-aminofluorene and 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide in TA97a and TA98 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath Kaleeswaran
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Madras Veterinary College, Vepery, Chennai 600007, India
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Singh BN, Singh BR, Singh RL, Prakash D, Singh DP, Sarma BK, Upadhyay G, Singh HB. Polyphenolics from various extracts/fractions of red onion (Allium cepa) peel with potent antioxidant and antimutagenic activities. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1161-7. [PMID: 19425188 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine antioxidant activity, the five extracts/fractions of red onion peel were studied for their total content of phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), antioxidant activity (AOA), free radical scavenging activity (FRSA), assayed by DPPH radical in the terms of anti-radical power (ARP) and reducing power (RP), expressed as ascorbic acid equivalents (ASE)/ml. High TPC (384.7 +/- 5.0 mg GAE/g), TFC (165.2+/- 3.2 mg QE/g), AOA (97.4 +/- 7.6%), ARP (75.3 +/-4.5) and RP (1.6 +/-0.3 ASE/ml) were found for the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction. EA fraction had markedly higher antioxidant capacity than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in preventive or scavenging capacities against FeCl3-induced lipid peroxidation, protein fragmentation, hydroxyl (site-specific and non-site-specific), superoxide anion and nitric oxide radicals. EA fraction also showed dose dependent antimutagenic activity by following the inhibition of tobacco-induced mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA102) and hydroxyl radical-induced nicking in plasmid pUC18 DNA. HPLC and MS/MS analysis showed the presence of ferulic, gallic, protocatechuic acids, quercetin and kaempferol. The large amount of polyphenols contained in EA fraction may cause its strong antioxidant and antimutagenic properties. This information shows that EA fraction of red onion peel can be used as natural antioxidant in nutraceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahma N Singh
- Nutraceutical Chemistry, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
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Parvathy K, Negi P, Srinivas P. Antioxidant, antimutagenic and antibacterial activities of curcumin-β-diglucoside. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Tea is one of the most popular beverages consumed worldwide. The relationship between tea consumption and human cancer incidence is an important concern. The effect of tea extract and ingredients, polyphenol and caffeine on the mutagenicity of Sodium Azide was examined in vitro by using Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA98 and TA1535 in the presence of induced rat liver S9 fractions. Experimental studies have demonstrated the significant antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects of both Green and Black tea and its polyphenol and caffeine multiple mutational assay. Caffeine was the less active. Tea comes in many variants. Common tea such as Black tea contains little antioxidant and the amount of caffeine. Green tea has about the caffeine, but contains a good amount of antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedighe Mehrabian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Moalem University, Tehran, Iran
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Verschaeve L, Van Staden J. Mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of extracts from South African traditional medicinal plants. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 119:575-587. [PMID: 18602977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this paper was to summarize the results of our investigations on the in vitro genotoxic as well as antigenotoxic effects of a great number of selected South African traditional medicinal plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Investigations of methanol and dichloromethane extracts of selected plants were conducted with the bacterial Ames, Umu-C and VITOTOX tests, and with the cytochalasin B micronucleus test and alkaline comet assay in human white blood cells. RESULTS A number of extracts were found to have genotoxic properties. Amongst the genotoxic plant extracts, especially methanol extracts of Helichrysum simillimum DC. (Asteraceae) should be highlighted. On the other hand, some plant extracts also showed antimutagenic potential. Here Bauhinia galpinii N.E.Br. (Fabaceae) and especially Chlerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) Vatke (=Rotheca myricoides (Hochst.) Steane & Mabb.; Lamiaceae) appear to have antimutagenic properties. CONCLUSION The safe use of Helichrysum similimum should be questioned and further investigations on its mutagenicity and overall biological properties should be encouraged. Antimutagenic properties of especially Bauhinia galpinii and Rotheca myricoides are considered of particular interest as it may be assumed that these antimutagenic natural substances are able to lower the cancer risk from everyday exposures to environmental mutagens as well as to mutagenic pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Verschaeve
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Toxicology, J. Wytsmanstreet 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Sultana S, Ahmed S, Jahangir T. Emblica officinalis and hepatocarcinogenesis: a chemopreventive study in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 118:1-6. [PMID: 18467048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2005] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emblica officinalis L. commonly known as gooseberry, Phyllanthus emblica, Emblica, Indian gooseberry, amla is used in Indian system of medicine for the treatment of liver ailments. AIM AND OBJECTIVES In the present study, we report that it ameliorates the carcinogenic response as it reverses the histopathological changes and reduces the number of gamma-GT-positive foci induced by Solt Farber protocol in the liver of Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumors were induced by initiation with diethylnitrosoamine (DEN) (200 mg/kg body wt., i.p.) followed by promotion with 2-acetylaminoflourine (2-AAF) (0.02%, w/w in diet) for continuous 6 weeks and the animals were subjected to partial hepatectomy on day 21 of initiation. RESULTS Pretreatment with defatted methanolic fruit extract (100 and 200mg/kg b.w.) of Emblica officinalis showed significant partial recovery of pathological manifestations as compared to DEN and 2-AAF-treated group animals (p<0.001) and suppressed the tumor forming potential of 2-AAF (p<0.05) at both the doses. CONCLUSION Emblica officinalis has the potential to suppress carcinogen-induced response in rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwat Sultana
- Section of Chemoprevention and Nutrition Toxicology, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India.
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Simonich MT, McQuistan T, Jubert C, Pereira C, Hendricks JD, Schimerlik M, Zhu B, Dashwood RH, Williams DE, Bailey GS. Low-dose dietary chlorophyll inhibits multi-organ carcinogenesis in the rainbow trout. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 46:1014-24. [PMID: 18069110 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that chlorophyll (Chl) strongly inhibits aflatoxin B(1) preneoplasia biomarkers in rats when administered by co-gavage (Simonich et al., 2007. Natural chlorophyll inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced multi-organ carcinogenesis in the rat. Carcinogenesis 28, 1294-1302.). The present study extends this by examining the effects of dietary Chl on tumor development, using rainbow trout to explore ubiquity of mechanism. Duplicate groups of 140 trout were fed diet containing 224 ppm dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP) alone, or with 1000-6000 ppm Chl, for 4 weeks. DBP induced high tumor incidences in liver (51%) and stomach (56%), whereas Chl co-fed at 2000, 4000 or 6000 ppm reduced incidences in stomach (to 29%, 23% and 19%, resp., P<0.005) and liver (to 21%, 28% and 26%, resp., P<0.0005). Chlorophyllin (CHL) at 2000 ppm gave similar protection. Chl complexed with DBP in vitro (2Chl:DBP, K(d1)=4.44+/-0.46 microM, K(d2)=3.30+/-0.18 microM), as did CHL (K(d1)=1.38+/-0.32 microM, K(d2)=1.17+/-0.05 microM), possibly explaining their ability to inhibit DBP uptake into the liver by 61-63% (P<0.001). This is the first demonstration that dietary Chl can reduce tumorigenesis in any whole animal model, and that it may do so by a simple, species-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Simonich
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Jayaprakasha G, Negi P, Jena B, Jagan Mohan Rao L. Antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of Cinnamomum zeylanicum fruit extracts. J Food Compost Anal 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2006.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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