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Loewe D, Dieken H, Grein TA, Weidner T, Salzig D, Czermak P. Opportunities to debottleneck the downstream processing of the oncolytic measles virus. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:247-264. [PMID: 31918573 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1709794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (including measles virus) offer an alternative approach to reduce the high mortality rate of late-stage cancer. Several measles virus strains infect and lyse cancer cells efficiently, but the broad application of this therapeutic concept is hindered by the large number of infectious particles required (108-1012 TCID50 per dose). The manufacturing process must, therefore, achieve high titers of oncolytic measles virus (OMV) during upstream production and ensure that the virus product is not damaged during purification by applying appropriate downstream processing (DSP) unit operations. DSP is currently a production bottleneck because there are no specific platforms for OMV. Infectious OMV must be recovered as intact, enveloped particles, and host cell proteins and DNA must be reduced to acceptable levels to meet regulatory guidelines that were developed for virus-based vaccines and gene therapy vectors. Handling such high viral titers and process volumes is technologically challenging and expensive. This review considers the state of the art in OMV purification and looks at promising DSP technologies. We discuss here the purification of other enveloped viruses where such technologies could also be applied to OMV. The development of DSP technologies tailored for enveloped viruses is necessary to produce sufficient titers for virotherapy, which could offer hope to millions of patients suffering from incurable cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Loewe
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hauke Dieken
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tanja A Grein
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tobias Weidner
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Denise Salzig
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Project Group Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
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2
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Cellufine sulfate column chromatography as a simple, rapid, and effective method to purify dengue virus. J Virol Methods 2016; 234:174-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Mundle ST, Kishko M, Groppo R, DiNapoli J, Hamberger J, McNeil B, Kleanthous H, Parrington M, Zhang L, Anderson SF. Core bead chromatography for preparation of highly pure, infectious respiratory syncytial virus in the negative purification mode. Vaccine 2016; 34:3690-6. [PMID: 27238375 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important human pathogen, and is the most frequent viral cause of severe respiratory disease in infants. In addition, it is increasingly being recognized as an important cause of respiratory disease in the elderly and immunocompromised. Although a passive prophylactic treatment does exist for high-risk neonates and children, the overall disease burden warrants the development of a safe and effective prophylactic vaccine for use in otherwise healthy newborns and children. RSV is known to be an extremely labile virus, prone to aggregation and loss of infectious titer during virus handling and preparation procedures. To date infective RSV virions have been prepared by methods which are not readily scalable, such as density gradient ultracentrifugation. In this study we describe a scalable, chromatography-based purification procedure for preparation of highly pure, infectious RSV. The purification scheme is based on core bead technology and hollow fiber tangential flow filtration (TFF) and results in a ∼60% recovery of infectious virus titer. This method can be used to prepare highly purified wild type or live-attenuated vaccine strain viruses with titers as high as 1×10(8) plaque forming units per mL. A live-attenuated RSV vaccine prepared by this method was found to be immunogenic and protective in vivo, and its purity was 50-200-fold greater with respect to host cell dsDNA and Vero host cell proteins, than the raw feed stream. The results presented here can be considered a starting point for downstream process development of a live-attenuated vaccine approach for prevention of disease by RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia T Mundle
- Sanofi Pasteur, Discovery North America, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Michael Kishko
- Sanofi Pasteur, Discovery North America, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rachel Groppo
- Sanofi Pasteur, Discovery North America, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joshua DiNapoli
- Sanofi Pasteur, Discovery North America, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John Hamberger
- Sanofi Pasteur, Discovery North America, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bryan McNeil
- Sanofi Pasteur, ARD North America, 1755 Steeles Avenue West, Toronto, ON M2R 3T4, Canada
| | - Harry Kleanthous
- Sanofi Pasteur, Discovery North America, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mark Parrington
- Sanofi Pasteur, Discovery North America, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Linong Zhang
- Sanofi Pasteur, Discovery North America, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephen F Anderson
- Sanofi Pasteur, Discovery North America, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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4
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Saito M, Kurosawa Y, Okuyama T. Scanning electron microscopy-based approach to understand the mechanism underlying the adhesion of dengue viruses on ceramic hydroxyapatite columns. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53893. [PMID: 23326529 PMCID: PMC3542262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp) chromatography has been used as an alternative method ultracentrifugation for the production of vaccines, the mechanism of virus separation is still obscure. In order to begin to understand the mechanisms of virus separation, HAp surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy after chromatography with dengue viruses. When these processes were performed without elution and with a 10–207 mM sodium phosphate buffer gradient elution, dengue viruses that were adsorbed to HAp were disproportionately located in the columns. However, when eluted with a 10–600 mM sodium phosphate buffer gradient, few viruses were observed on the HAp surface. After incubating the dengue viruses that were adsorbed on HAp beads at 37°C and 2°C, the sphericity of the dengue viruses were reduced with an increase in incubation temperature. These results suggested that dengue virus was adsorbed to the HAp surface by electronic interactions and could be eluted by high-salt concentration buffers, which are commonly used in protein purification. Furthermore, virus fusion was thought to occur with increasing temperature, which implied that virus-HAp adhesion was similar to virus-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Saito
- R&D Department, PENTAX New Ceramics Division, HOYA Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
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5
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Concentration and purification of rubella virus using monolithic chromatographic support. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:981-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Liu ST, Chen ZH, Xie JB, Lin J, Chen ZJ, Rao PF. High-Performance Ion Exchange Chromatography of Intact Bacterial Cells in the Manner of Molecules: 1. Establishment of Methodology. Anal Chem 2010; 82:8544-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101542s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-tao Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhao-hua Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jun-bin Xie
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Juan Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhan-jie Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Ping-fan Rao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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7
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Monjezi R, Tey BT, Sieo CC, Tan WS. Purification of bacteriophage M13 by anion exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:1855-9. [PMID: 20538529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
M13 is a non-lytic filamentous bacteriophage (phage). It has been used widely in phage display technology for displaying foreign peptides, and also for studying macromolecule structures and interactions. Traditionally, this phage has been purified by cesium chloride (CsCl) density gradient ultracentrifugation which is highly laborious and time consuming. In the present study, a simple, rapid and efficient method for the purification of M13 based on anion exchange chromatography was established. A pre-packed SepFast Super Q column connected to a fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) system was employed to capture released phages in clarified Escherichia coli fermented broth. An average yield of 74% was obtained from a packed bed mode elution using citrate buffer (pH 4), containing 1.5 M NaCl at 1 ml/min flow rate. The purification process was shortened substantially to less than 2 h from 18 h in the conventional ultracentrifugation method. SDS-PAGE revealed that the purity of particles was comparable to that of CsCl gradient density ultracentrifugation method. Plaque forming assay showed that the purified phages were still infectious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Monjezi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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8
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Han B, Specht R, Wickramasinghe SR, Carlson JO. Binding Aedes aegypti densonucleosis virus to ion exchange membranes. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1092:114-24. [PMID: 16188566 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2004] [Revised: 04/30/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and numerical results for binding Aedes aegypti densonucleosis virus (AeDNV) using anion and cation exchange membranes are presented. AeDNV particles are adsorbed by anion and cation exchange membranes providing the virus particles and membranes are oppositely charged. Q membranes which are strongly basic anion exchangers were the most effective. Dynamic and static capacities for Q membranes were found to be similar. A numerical model is proposed which assumes a log normal pore size distribution. By estimating the required parameters from static binding experiments, the model may be used to calculate the breakthrough curve for virus adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbing Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1370, USA
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9
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Branovic K, Forcic D, Ivancic J, Strancar A, Barut M, Kosutic-Gulija T, Zgorelec R, Mazuran R. Application of short monolithic columns for improved detection of viruses. J Virol Methods 2003; 110:163-71. [PMID: 12798244 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(03)00125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Monolithic chromatography media represent a novel generation of stationary phases introduced in the last 10-15 years providing a chromatography matrix with enhanced mass transfer and hydrodynamic properties. These features allow for an efficient and fast separation of especially large biomolecules like e.g., DNA and viruses. In this study, the enrichment of virus RNA on short monolithic columns prior to molecular detection of viruses is described. Measles and mumps viruses were chosen as model viruses. The results show that it is possible to bind viral RNA on monoliths and concentrate viral nucleic acids from a fairly dilute sample. Consequently, a potential application of short monolithic columns is the concentration of virus RNA to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of viral detection with the possibility of isolating viral RNA from cell-free biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmen Branovic
- Institute of Immunology, Rockefeller Street 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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10
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Klenk K, Roberts SR. Use of a vesicular stomatitis virus complementation system to analyze respiratory syncytial virus binding. Virus Res 2002; 90:327-35. [PMID: 12457986 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(02)00250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can be difficult to manipulate in the laboratory because it produces a fragile, filamentous virion that does not bud efficiently from the cell surface and which is sensitive to purification. These properties have complicated the studies of RSV envelope protein-host cell interactions. In this paper, we have tested the ability of the RSV attachment protein, G, to complement virus attachment of a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVdeltaG*), which lacks any viral attachment protein. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect bound virus, VSVdeltaG* virions were shown to incorporate the RSV G protein and to bind to Hep-2 cells. Binding of RSV G protein-complemented VSVdeltaG* virus was inhibited by incubation with RSV-specific antibodies and by the addition of exogenous sulfated glycosaminoglycans, indicating that binding by the complemented virus exhibited the characteristics of RSV binding rather than those of VSV. These results demonstrate that complementation studies with VSVdeltaG* may be useful in virus-host interaction studies of the RSV G protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaci Klenk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rm 101 LSB, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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11
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Cameron-Smith R, Harbour C. Removal of poliovirus type 1 from a protein mixture using an immunoaffinity chromatography column. Biomed Chromatogr 2001; 15:471-83. [PMID: 11746244 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An immunoaffinity matrix was prepared using human polyclonal antibody (Intragam) attached to Sepharose 4B activated with CNBr. The immunoaffinity matrix was then assessed with regard to its capacity to remove viruses. The challenge virus, poliovirus type 1 was loaded in high titre in either PBS or a preparation derived from human plasma known as supernatant II + III. This fraction is depleted of IgG and is used to prepare human albumin. It was shown that an average greater than 5 logs of spiked virus were removed in one passage through the column. This type of approach may prove useful as a viral removal method in biopharmaceutical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cameron-Smith
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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12
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Gong-rui C, Xiao-hua X, Jun-bin X, Wen-han D, Wan-hua L, Ru-ming C, Rong-zhen Z, Long L, Tian-bao C, Xiang-yang L, Ping-fan R. Fractionation of Corynebacterium pekinense AS 1.299 phage subtypes by anion-exchange chromatography. J Virol Methods 2001; 95:11-7. [PMID: 11377709 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(01)00274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel method to fractionate phage into its subtypes while fully retaining biological function is reported. Corynebacterium pekinense AS 1.299 phage samples, purified by either conventional ultracentrifugation or gel chromatography on a Superose(R) 6 Prep column (0.78 x 30 cm), were fractionated further into four fractions by anion-exchange chromatography on a Toyopearl SuperQ 650C column (0.5 x 20 cm) with a linear gradient of NaCl concentration from 0.2 to 1.0 M in 0.02 M carbonate-biocarbonate buffer, pH 10.0. Two peaks were identified to be C. pekinense AS 1.299 phages by their ability to infect the host bacteria when inoculated into the culture media, and when examined by electron microscopy. These two types of the phage were found to be morphologically the same except for the difference in the length of their non-contractile tails. Both possessed an isometric head with a diameter of 50 +/- 3 nm, while their tails were 170 +/- 10 and 210 +/- 10 nm, respectively. This simple technique provides a convenient method for phage isolation not only to its species homogeneity, but also to determine its subtype or variant homogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gong-rui
- Institute of Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, 523 Gongye Road, Fujian, 350002, Fuzhou, PR China.
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13
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Johnston A, Adcock W. The use of chromatography to manufacture purer and safer plasma products. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2001; 17:37-70. [PMID: 11255674 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2000.10647987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Johnston
- CSL Limited, Bioplasma Division, Research and Development Group, 189-209 Camp Road, Broadmeadows, Victoria 3047, Australia.
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14
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Karger A, Bettin B, Granzow H, Mettenleiter TC. Simple and rapid purification of alphaherpesviruses by chromatography on a cation exchange membrane. J Virol Methods 1998; 70:219-24. [PMID: 9562416 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(97)00200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple and rapid method is described for the purification of two alphaherpesviruses, pseudorabies virus (PrV) and bovine herpesvirus 1, by chromatography on a cation exchange membrane. Cell culture supernatants were passed over a sulfonic-acid modified filter membrane and virions were eluted with a potassium chloride-containing buffer. Over 85% of the virus was eluted within a single fraction and specific infectivity of the resulting virus preparation was over 10-fold higher than that of sucrose gradient-purified virions. Cation exchange was also used for purification of PrV mutants deleted in several glycoproteins which grow in cell culture to titers 10- to 100-fold lower than those obtained by wildtype PrV. For PrV, the presence of non-essential glycoprotein gC, which mediates interaction of virions with cell surface heparin sulfate during attachment, was crucial for the successful purification by cation exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karger
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institutes, Federal Research Centre for Virus Diseases of Animals, Insel Riems, Germany.
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15
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Navarro del Cañizo AA, Mazza M, Bellinzoni R, Cascone O. Foot and mouth disease virus concentration and purification by affinity chromatography. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1996; 61:399-409. [PMID: 9100360 DOI: 10.1007/bf02787811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease virus, (FMDV) from a crude cell lysate was purified in a single step by affinity chromatography with heparin as a ligand. The virus eluted from an Heparin-Ultrogel A4R column at 1M sodium chloride in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, while most cell protein and albumin did so at lower concentrations of sodium chloride in the same buffer. Purity of the eluted fraction containing the virus was assessed by SDS-PAGE, HPLC, ultracentrifugation, and UV absorption spectrum. With this method, intact viral particles are recovered in high yield (over 90%) and specific virus purity increases nearly 1000-fold. The capacity of the chromatographic matrix for the virus was found to be 1.1 mg viral mass per mL of hydrated gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Navarro del Cañizo
- Cátedra de Microbiologia Industrial y Biotecnologia, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica Junin 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Saha K, Lin YC, Wong PK. A simple method for obtaining highly viable virus from culture supernatant. J Virol Methods 1994; 46:349-52. [PMID: 8006113 DOI: 10.1016/0166-0934(94)90005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally density-gradient methods are used to purify viruses. However, these procedures are not only time consuming and cumbersome, recovery of viable viruses are often quite low. In this report, a single-step concentration technique was used to concentrate a mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus (ts1) virus from culture supernatants by ultrafiltration. A special ultrafiltration unit with a 100,000 mol wt cut-off was able to concentrate viruses about 30-fold without losing any infectivity. In comparison, traditional sucrose density gradient purified viruses lost a significant portion of their infectivity. This technique could be used for concentrating other viruses for many useful purposes where more viable viruses are needed, e.g., study of virus-cell binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saha
- University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park-Research Division, Smithville 78957
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