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Walton A, Herman JJ, Rueppell O. Social life results in social stress protection: a novel concept to explain individual life-history patterns in social insects. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38468146 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to and avoidance of stress slow aging and confer increased longevity in numerous organisms. Honey bees and other superorganismal social insects have two main advantages over solitary species to avoid or resist stress: individuals can directly help each other by resource or information transfer, and they can cooperatively control their environment. These benefits have been recognised in the context of pathogen and parasite stress as the concept of social immunity, which has been extensively studied. However, we argue that social immunity is only a special case of a general concept that we define here as social stress protection to include group-level defences against all biotic and abiotic stressors. We reason that social stress protection may have allowed the evolution of reduced individual-level defences and individual life-history optimization, including the exceptional aging plasticity of many social insects. We describe major categories of stress and how a colonial lifestyle may protect social insects, particularly against temporary peaks of extreme stress. We use the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) to illustrate how patterns of life expectancy may be explained by social stress protection and how modern beekeeping practices can disrupt social stress protection. We conclude that the broad concept of social stress protection requires rigorous empirical testing because it may have implications for our general understanding of social evolution and specifically for improving honey bee health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Walton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW 405, Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jacob J Herman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW 405, Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Olav Rueppell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW 405, Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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2
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Murthy MN, Shyamala BV. Ashwagandha- Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal as a multipotent neuroprotective remedy for genetically induced motor dysfunction and cellular toxicity in human neurodegenerative disease models of Drosophila. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116897. [PMID: 37442493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ashwagandha-Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, well known for its multipotent therapeutic properties has been used in Ayurveda for 3000 years. The plant with more than 50 active phytoconstituents is recognised for its anti-cancerous, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and neurotherapeutic properties demonstrated in in vitro studies and chemically induced rodent models. Genetically targeted Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative disease models have been created in Drosophila and have been used to get mechanistic insight into the in vivo cellular events, and genetic pathways that underlie respective neurodegenerative condition. But hitherto, there aren't enough attempts made to capitalize the genetic potential of these disease models to validate the therapeutic efficacy of different reagents used in traditional medicine, in the context of specific disease-causing genetic mutations. AIM OF THE STUDY Drugs discovered using in vitro platforms might fail in several instances of clinical trials because of the genetic heterogeneity and variability in the physiological context found among the patients. Drosophila by virtue of its genetically regulated experimental potential forms an ideal in vivo model to validate the candidate reagents discovered in in vitro screens for their efficacy under specific genetic situations. Here we have used genetically induced α-synucleinopathy and tauopathy transgenic fly models to study the efficacy of Ashwagandha treatment, assessing cellular and behavioural parameters. METHODS We have expressed the disease-causing human gene mutations in specific cell types of Drosophila using GAL4/UAS targeted expression system to create disease models. Human α-synuclein mutant (A30P) was expressed in dopaminergic neurons using Ddc-GAL4 driver strain to induce dopaminergic neurodegeneration and assayed for motor dysfunction. Human TauE14, mutant protein was expressed in photoreceptor neurons using GMR-GAL4 driver to induce photoreceptor degeneration. Microtubular destability and mitotic arrest in the dividing photoreceptor precursor cells were studied using αPH3 antibody. Lysosomal dysregulation caused necrotic black spots were induced by TauE14 with GMR-GAL4 driver, in a white mutant background. These flies mimicking neurodegenerative conditions were supplemented with different concentrations of Ashwagandha aqueous root extract mixed with regular fly food. The treated flies were analysed for cellular and behaviour parameters. RESULTS Lifespan assay shows that, Ashwagandha-root extract imparts an extended lifespan in male Drosophila flies which are intrinsically less stress resistant. Motor dysfunction caused due to human α-synuclein mutant protein expressed in dopaminergic neurons is greatly brought down. Further, Ashwagandha extract treatment significantly reduces TauE14 induced microtubular destability, mitotic arrest and neuronal death in photoreceptor neurons. Our experiment with tauopathy model in white mutant background exemplify that, Ashwagandha-root extract treatment can bring down lysosomal dysregulation induced necrosis of photoreceptor neurons. CONCLUSION We have carried out a multifaceted study which elucidates that Ashwagandha can serve as a comprehensive, phytotherapeutic formulation to combat neurodegeneration, targeting multiple causative genetically defective conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Nagamadhu Murthy
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570006, India.
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3
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Sowa G, Bednarska AJ, Laskowski R. Effects of agricultural landscape structure and canola coverage on biochemical and physiological traits of the ground beetle Poecilus cupreus. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:1141-1151. [PMID: 37755556 PMCID: PMC10684619 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The intensifications in the agricultural landscape and the application of pesticides can cause adverse effects on the fitness of organisms in that landscape. Here, we investigated whether habitats with different agricultural pressures influenced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity - a biomarker for exposure to pesticides, respiration rate, and resistance to starvation in the ground beetle Poecilus cupreus. Two differently structured landscapes were selected for the study, one dominated by small (S) and another by large (L) fields. Within each landscape three habitat types were selected: in the S landscape, these were habitats with medium (M), small (S) and no canola (meadow, 0) coverage (i.e., SM, SS, S0), and in the L landscape habitats with large (L), medium (M) and no canola (meadow, 0) coverage (i.e., LL, LM, L0), representing different levels of agricultural pressure. The activity of AChE was the highest in beetles from canola-free habitats (S0 and L0), being significantly higher than in beetles from the SM and SS habitats. The mean respiration rate corrected for body mass was also the highest in S0 and L0 beetles, with significant differences between populations from L0 vs. SS and from S0 vs. SS. Only beetles from S0, SS, L0, and LM were numerous enough to assess the resistance to starvation. Individuals from the LM habitat showed better survival compared to the canola-free habitat in the same landscape (L0), whereas in S landscape the SS beetles survived worse than those from S0, suggesting that characteristics of L landscape may lead to developing mechanisms of starvation resistance of P. cupreus in response to agricultural pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Sowa
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka J Bednarska
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ryszard Laskowski
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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4
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Lin YC, Zhang M, Chang YJ, Kuo TH. Comparisons of lifespan and stress resistance between sexes in Drosophila melanogaster. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18178. [PMID: 37576293 PMCID: PMC10415617 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals exhibit different extents of sexual dimorphism in a variety of phenotypes. Sex differences in longevity, one of the most complex life history traits, have also been reported. Although lifespan regulation has been studied extensively in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, the sex differences in lifespan have not been consistent in previous studies. To explore this issue, we revisited this question by examining the lifespan and stress resistance of both sexes among 15 inbred strains. We first found positive correlations between males and females from the same strain in terms of lifespan and resistance to starvation and desiccation stress. Although the lifespan difference between male and female flies varied greatly depending on the strain, males across all strains collectively had a longer lifespan. In contrast, females showed better resistance to starvation and desiccation stress. We also observed greater variation in lifespan and resistance to starvation and desiccation stress in females. Unexpectedly, there was no notable correlation observed between lifespan and the three types of stress resistance in either males or females. Overall, our study provides new data regarding sexual dimorphism in fly lifespan and stress resistance; this information may promote the investigation of mechanisms underlying longevity in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chiao Lin
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - MingYang Zhang
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Tsung-Han Kuo
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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5
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Martínez AA, Lang GI. Identifying Targets of Selection in Laboratory Evolution Experiments. J Mol Evol 2023; 91:345-355. [PMID: 36810618 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive evolution navigates a balance between chance and determinism. The stochastic processes of mutation and drift generate phenotypic variation; however, once mutations reach an appreciable frequency in the population, their fate is governed by the deterministic action of selection, enriching for favorable genotypes and purging the less-favorable ones. The net result is that replicate populations will traverse similar-but not identical-pathways to higher fitness. This parallelism in evolutionary outcomes can be leveraged to identify the genes and pathways under selection. However, distinguishing between beneficial and neutral mutations is challenging because many beneficial mutations will be lost due to drift and clonal interference, and many neutral (and even deleterious) mutations will fix by hitchhiking. Here, we review the best practices that our laboratory uses to identify genetic targets of selection from next-generation sequencing data of evolved yeast populations. The general principles for identifying the mutations driving adaptation will apply more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory I Lang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA.
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Aggarwal DD, Mishra P, Singh M. An analysis of direct and indirect effects in Drosophila melanogaster undergoing a few cycles of experimental evolution for stress-related traits. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 263:110795. [PMID: 35970341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The physiological mechanisms underpinning adaptations to starvation and cold stresses have been extensively studied in Drosophila, yet the understanding of correlated changes in stress-related and life-history traits, as well as the energetics of stress tolerance, still remains elusive. To answer the questions empirically in this context, we allowed D. melanogaster to evolve for either increased starvation or cold tolerance (24-generations / regime) in an experimental evolution system, and examined whether selection of either trait affects un-selected stress trait, as well as the impacts potential changes in life-history and mating success-related traits. Our results revealed remarkable changes in starvation/cold tolerance (up to 1.5-fold) as a direct effect of selection, while cold tolerance had been dramatically reduced (1.26-fold) in the starvation tolerant (ST) lines compared to control counterparts, although no such changes were evident in cold-tolerant (CT) lines. ST lines exhibited a higher level of body lipids and a reduced level of trehalose content, while CT lines accumulated a greater levels of body lipid and trehalose contents. Noticeably, we found that selection for starvation or cold tolerance positively correlates with larval development time, longevity, and copulation duration, indicating that these traits are among the most common targets of selection trajectories shaping stress tolerance. Altogether, this study highlights the complexity of mechanisms evolved in ST lines that contribute to enhanced starvation tolerance, but also negatively impact cold tolerance. Nevertheless, mechanisms foraging enhanced cold tolerance in CT lines appear not to target starvation tolerance. Moreover, the parallel changes in life history/mating success traits across stress regimes could indicate some generic pathways evolved in stressful environments, targeting life-history and mating success characteristics to optimize fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dau Dayal Aggarwal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
| | - Prachi Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Manvender Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
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Heightened immune surveillance in Drosophila melanogaster populations selected for faster development and extended longevity. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12090. [PMID: 36544838 PMCID: PMC9761728 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maximization of life-history traits is under constraints due to both, limitations of resource acquisition and the restricted pathways of resource allocation. Drosophila melanogaster has served as an excellent model organism to not only unravel various trade-offs among life history traits but also numerous aspects of host immune response. Drosophila larvae are semi-aquatic that live, feed and excrete inside the food source-often over-ripe fruits and vegetables that are rich in both commensal and pathogenic microbiota that can impact the larval survival. In this study, we have used six populations of D. melanogaster, three of which are selected for faster pre-adult development and extended adult longevity, and their three ancestral controls, to explore the impact of selection on the basal immune activity in the larval stage. The larvae from selected populations had nearly significantly upregulated plasmatocyte density, significantly higher percent phagocytosis, phagocytic index and higher transcript levels of Tep3, eater and NimC1. Selected populations also had significantly upregulated crystal cell number along with higher transcript of PPO2. Out of seven tested AMPs level, Drosomycin was significantly upregulated in selected populations while Drosocin was significantly higher in control populations. ROS levels were comparable in the selected and control populations. Our results strongly suggest that enhanced basal immune activity during larval stage manages the faster development and could be responsible for comparable larval survival of selected and control populations.
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Exogenous oxidative stressors elicit differing age and sex effects in Tigriopus californicus. Exp Gerontol 2022; 166:111871. [PMID: 35750273 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As organisms age, cellular function declines in a time-dependent manner. Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species damages cellular machinery and contributes to senescence which narrows the homeostatic window needed to maintain function and survive stress. Sex differences in longevity are apparent in many species and may be related to sex-specific homeostatic responses. Here we use the emerging aging model system Tigriopus californicus, the splashpool copepod, to estimate sex- and age-specific tolerances to two chemical oxidants, hydrogen peroxide and paraquat. Sex-specific tolerance was estimated for both oxidants simultaneously for 15 age-classes. As animals aged, hydrogen peroxide tolerance decreased but paraquat tolerance increased. Also, we observed no sex difference for hydrogen peroxide tolerance, while females were more tolerant of paraquat. Our results demonstrate that oxidative stressors can have dramatically different sex and age effects in Tigriopus californicus. These findings underscore the challenges ahead in understanding relationships among oxidative stressors, sex, and aging.
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9
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Evolution of reduced mate harming tendency of males in Drosophila melanogaster populations selected for faster life history. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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10
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Li N, Flanagan BA, Edmands S. Food deprivation exposes sex‐specific trade‐offs between stress tolerance and life span in the copepod
Tigriopus californicus. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8822. [PMID: 35432933 PMCID: PMC9005923 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long life is standardly assumed to be associated with high stress tolerance. Previous work shows that the copepod Tigriopus californicus breaks this rule, with longer life span under benign conditions found in males, the sex with lower stress tolerance. Here, we extended this previous work, raising animals from the same families in food‐replete conditions until adulthood and then transferring them to food‐limited conditions until all animals perished. As in previous work, survivorship under food‐replete conditions favored males. However, under food deprivation life span strongly favored females in all crosses. Compared to benign conditions, average life span under nutritional stress was reduced by 47% in males but only 32% in females. Further, the sex‐specific mitonuclear effects previously found under benign conditions were erased under food limited conditions. Results thus demonstrate that sex‐specific life span, including mitonuclear interactions, are highly dependent on nutritional environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Ben A. Flanagan
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Suzanne Edmands
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
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11
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McHugh KM, Burke MK. From microbes to mammals: The experimental evolution of aging and longevity across species. Evolution 2022; 76:692-707. [PMID: 35112358 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Senescence, the functional deterioration of cells or organisms associated with increased age, is pervasive across the tree of life. Yet our understanding of the genetic and physiological basis underlying age-related declines in health and reproduction remains limited. Experimental evolution allows empirical examination of the question of why aging occurs; imposing selection for age-specific fitness traits shifts patterns of aging in experimental populations, enabling investigations of the variation underlying senescence and the mechanisms governing it. Whole-genome sequencing of experimentally evolved populations may reveal candidate genomic variants underlying particular aging patterns; unfortunately, most study systems suffer from limitations that weaken associations between genotypes and phenotypes. In this review, we provide a survey of experimental evolution studies that have altered population-level patterns of reproductive timing and senescence in a variety of species. We discuss the specific selection conditions that have increased longevity, the phenotypic responses and trade-offs that accompany these increases, and examine genomic data collected from these experiments. Additionally, we consider how selected field studies complement laboratory experiments on life-history evolution. Finally, we address the strengths and weaknesses of existing study systems, and evaluate which model organisms appear most promising for future genomic investigations of the evolutionary biology of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M McHugh
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331
| | - Molly K Burke
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331
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12
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Guo JW, Cui Y, Lin PJ, Zhai BP, Lu ZX, Chapman JW, Hu G. Male nutritional status does not impact the reproductive potential of female Cnaphalocrocis medinalis moths under conditions of nutrient shortage. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:467-477. [PMID: 34498794 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In addition to sperm, some accessory substances transferred to females during copulation act as nuptial gifts by passing on valuable nutrients in many insect species. The nutritional status of the males can thus have a great effect on the mating behavior, fecundity and even the longevity of females. However, little is known about the effect of male nutritional status on the female reproductive traits in migratory insect species, particularly when females experience nutrient shortage and have to choose between reproduction and migration. Here, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, a migratory rice pest in Asia, was studied to explore this issue. Our results showed that in male moths fed with honey solution, their gonads had higher energy content than gonads of starved males, resulting in increased energy content of the bursa copulatrix of females after mating with fed males. Such females showed increased mating frequency, fecundity and longevity compared to females mating with starved males, indicating that male moths deliver nuptial gifts to females and improve their reproductive performance. However, when females were starved, only about 45% mated, with just a single copulation, regardless of male nutritional status. Starved females showed lower fecundity, and a longer pre-oviposition period (indicating a greater propensity to migrate), compared to fed females. However, copulation still significantly extended their longevity. These results suggest that starved females invest in migration to escape deteriorating habitats, rather than investing the nuptial gift to increased fecundity. Our results further our understanding of the reproductive adaptability of migratory insects under conditions of food stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pei-Jiong Lin
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bao-Ping Zhai
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhong-Xian Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jason W Chapman
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, and Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Cornwall, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Gao Hu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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13
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Flanagan BA, Li N, Edmands S. Mitonuclear interactions alter sex-specific longevity in a species without sex chromosomes. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211813. [PMID: 34727715 PMCID: PMC8564613 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial function can lead to senescence and the ageing phenotype. Theory predicts degenerative ageing phenotypes and mitochondrial pathologies may occur more frequently in males due to the matrilineal inheritance pattern of mitochondrial DNA observed in most eukaryotes. Here, we estimated the sex-specific longevity for parental and reciprocal F1 hybrid crosses for inbred lines derived from two allopatric Tigriopus californicus populations with over 20% mitochondrial DNA divergence. T. californicus lacks sex chromosomes allowing for more direct testing of mitochondrial function in sex-specific ageing. To better understand the ageing mechanism, we estimated two age-related phenotypes (mtDNA content and 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) DNA damage) at two time points in the lifespan. Sex differences in lifespan depended on the mitochondrial and nuclear backgrounds, including differences between reciprocal F1 crosses which have different mitochondrial haplotypes on a 50 : 50 nuclear background, with nuclear contributions coming from alternative parents. Young females showed the highest mtDNA content which decreased with age, while DNA damage in males increased with age and exceed that of females 56 days after hatching. The adult sex ratio was male-biased and was attributed to complex mitonuclear interactions. Results thus demonstrate that sex differences in ageing depend on mitonuclear interactions in the absence of sex chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A. Flanagan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF 130, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF 130, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Suzanne Edmands
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF 130, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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14
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Shahrestani P, King E, Ramezan R, Phillips M, Riddle M, Thornburg M, Greenspan Z, Estrella Y, Garcia K, Chowdhury P, Malarat G, Zhu M, Rottshaefer SM, Wraight S, Griggs M, Vandenberg J, Long AD, Clark AG, Lazzaro BP. The molecular architecture of Drosophila melanogaster defense against Beauveria bassiana explored through evolve and resequence and quantitative trait locus mapping. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6371870. [PMID: 34534291 PMCID: PMC8664422 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the genetic architecture of antifungal immunity in natural populations. Using two population genetic approaches, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and evolve and resequence (E&R), we explored D. melanogaster immune defense against infection with the fungus Beauveria bassiana. The immune defense was highly variable both in the recombinant inbred lines from the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource used for our QTL mapping and in the synthetic outbred populations used in our E&R study. Survivorship of infection improved dramatically over just 10 generations in the E&R study, and continued to increase for an additional nine generations, revealing a trade-off with uninfected longevity. Populations selected for increased defense against B. bassiana evolved cross resistance to a second, distinct B. bassiana strain but not to bacterial pathogens. The QTL mapping study revealed that sexual dimorphism in defense depends on host genotype, and the E&R study indicated that sexual dimorphism also depends on the specific pathogen to which the host is exposed. Both the QTL mapping and E&R experiments generated lists of potentially causal candidate genes, although these lists were nonoverlapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Shahrestani
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton CA, 92831, USA
| | - Elizabeth King
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia MO, 65211, USA
| | - Reza Ramezan
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mark Phillips
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis OR, 97331, USA
| | - Melissa Riddle
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton CA, 92831, USA
| | - Marisa Thornburg
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton CA, 92831, USA
| | - Zachary Greenspan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92692, USA
| | | | - Kelly Garcia
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA
| | - Pratik Chowdhury
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA
| | - Glen Malarat
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA
| | | | - Stephen Wraight
- USDA ARS Emerging Pets and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture & Health, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA
| | - Michael Griggs
- USDA ARS Emerging Pets and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture & Health, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA
| | - John Vandenberg
- USDA ARS Emerging Pets and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture & Health, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA
| | - Anthony D Long
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92692, USA
| | - Andrew G Clark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA
| | - Brian P Lazzaro
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, 14853, USA
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15
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Bitner K, Rutledge GA, Kezos JN, Mueller LD. The effects of adaptation to urea on feeding rates and growth in Drosophila larvae. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:9516-9529. [PMID: 34306639 PMCID: PMC8293711 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A collection of forty populations were used to study the phenotypic adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster larvae to urea-laced food. A long-term goal of this research is to map genes responsible for these phenotypes. This mapping requires large numbers of populations. Thus, we studied fifteen populations subjected to direct selection for urea tolerance and five controls. In addition, we studied another twenty populations which had not been exposed to urea but were subjected to stress or demographic selection. In this study, we describe the differentiation in these population for six phenotypes: (1) larval feeding rates, (2) larval viability in urea-laced food, (3) larval development time in urea-laced food, (4) adult starvation times, (5) adult desiccation times, and (6) larval growth rates. No significant differences were observed for desiccation resistance. The demographically/stress-selected populations had longer times to starvation than urea-selected populations. The urea-adapted populations showed elevated survival and reduced development time in urea-laced food relative to the control and nonadapted populations. The urea-adapted populations also showed reduced larval feeding rates relative to controls. We show that there is a strong linear relationship between feeding rates and growth rates at the same larval ages feeding rates were measured. This suggests that feeding rates are correlated with food intake and growth. This relationship between larval feeding rates, food consumption, and efficiency has been postulated to involve important trade-offs that govern larval evolution in stressful environments. Our results support the idea that energy allocation is a central organizing theme in adaptive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathreen Bitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Grant A. Rutledge
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
- USDA HNRCA at Tufts UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - James N. Kezos
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
- Department of Development, Aging, and RegenerationSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Laurence D. Mueller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
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16
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Wongchum N, Dechakhamphu A. Xanthohumol prolongs lifespan and decreases stress-induced mortality in Drosophila melanogaster. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 244:108994. [PMID: 33549830 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.108994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a significant risk factor that links to the genesis of human diseases. The capacity to scavenge free radicals and adapt to various stresses is essential for expanding living organisms' lifespan. The evidences on the promotion of longevity by dietary supplementation are growing. Drosophila or fruit fly is one of the most effective models for the evaluation of anti-aging compounds. Xanthohumol (XN) is a potential bioactive substance for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. The previous studies have reported its potent activities as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial antiplasmodial, and antiobesity. In this study, the effect of XN supplementation on the lifespan extension was investigated in Drosophila melanogaster. The effects of XN on the improvement of the recovery from cold and heat shock, the resistance to starvation stress, and free radical-induced oxidative stress in XN-treated flies were also evaluated. Results showed that supplementation with XN at 0.5 mg/mL diet extended the mean lifespan by 14.89%. This was consistent with a significant improvement of locomotor activity of the Drosophila fed with an XN-mixed diet compared with those fed with a control diet. XN supplementation significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme activities at both 25 and 40 days. Drosophila treated with XN exhibited increased survival after exposure to hydrogen peroxide and paraquat. Finally, XN supplementation improved the recovery from cold and heat shock, the resistance to starvation stress, and acetic acid-induced stress. The present study shows that dietary supplementation with XN revealed the longevity effect and ameliorated stress-induced mortality in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattapong Wongchum
- Biology Program, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubonratchathani 34000, Thailand
| | - Ananya Dechakhamphu
- Thai Traditional Medicine Program, Faculty of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubonratchathani 34000, Thailand.
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17
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Kennedy A, Herman J, Rueppell O. Reproductive activation in honeybee ( Apis mellifera) workers protects against abiotic and biotic stress. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20190737. [PMID: 33678021 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Social insect reproductives exhibit exceptional longevity instead of the classic trade-off between somatic maintenance and reproduction. Even normally sterile workers experience a significant increase in life expectancy when they assume a reproductive role. The mechanisms that enable the positive relation between the antagonistic demands of reproduction and somatic maintenance are unclear. To isolate the effect of reproductive activation, honeybee workers were induced to activate their ovaries. These reproductively activated workers were compared to controls for survival and gene expression patterns after exposure to Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus or the oxidative stressor paraquat. Reproductive activation increased survival, indicating better immunity and oxidative stress resistance. After qPCR analysis confirmed our experimental treatments at the physiological level, whole transcriptome analysis revealed that paraquat treatment significantly changed the expression of 1277 genes in the control workers but only two genes in reproductively activated workers, indicating that reproductive activation preemptively protects against oxidative stress. Significant overlap between genes that were upregulated by reproductive activation and in response to paraquat included prominent members of signalling pathways and anti-oxidants known to affect ageing. Thus, while our results confirm a central role of vitellogenin, they also point to other mechanisms to explain the molecular basis of the lack of a cost of reproduction and the exceptional longevity of social insect reproductives. Thus, socially induced reproductive activation preemptively protects honeybee workers against stressors, explaining their longevity. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ageing and sociality: why, when and how does sociality change ageing patterns?'
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Kennedy
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC 27403, USA
| | - Jacob Herman
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC 27403, USA
| | - Olav Rueppell
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, 321 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC 27403, USA
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18
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Phillips MA, Kutch IC, Long AD, Burke MK. Increased time sampling in an evolve-and-resequence experiment with outcrossing Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals multiple paths of adaptive change. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4898-4912. [PMID: 33135198 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
"Evolve and resequence" (E&R) studies combine experimental evolution and whole-genome sequencing to interrogate the genetics underlying adaptation. Due to ease of handling, E&R work with asexual organisms such as bacteria can employ optimized experimental design, with large experiments and many generations of selection. By contrast, E&R experiments with sexually reproducing organisms are more difficult to implement, and design parameters vary dramatically among studies. Thus, efforts have been made to assess how these differences, such as number of independent replicates, or size of experimental populations, impact inference. We add to this work by investigating the role of time sampling-the number of discrete time points sequence data are collected from evolving populations. Using data from an E&R experiment with outcrossing Saccharomyces cerevisiae in which populations were sequenced 17 times over ~540 generations, we address the following questions: (a) Do more time points improve the ability to identify candidate regions underlying selection? And (b) does high-resolution sampling provide unique insight into evolutionary processes driving adaptation? We find that while time sampling does not improve the ability to identify candidate regions, high-resolution sampling does provide valuable opportunities to characterize evolutionary dynamics. Increased time sampling reveals three distinct trajectories for adaptive alleles: one consistent with classic population genetic theory (i.e., models assuming constant selection coefficients), and two where trajectories suggest more context-dependent responses (i.e., models involving dynamic selection coefficients). We conclude that while time sampling has limited impact on candidate region identification, sampling eight or more time points has clear benefits for studying complex evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Phillips
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Ian C Kutch
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Anthony D Long
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Molly K Burke
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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19
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Supeleto FA, Santos BF, Basilio LA, Aguiar AP. Species delimitation, environmental cline and phylogeny for a new Neotropical genus of Cryptinae (Ichneumonidae). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237233. [PMID: 33035225 PMCID: PMC7546512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A morphologically unusual Cryptini, Cryptoxenodon gen. nov. Supeleto, Santos & Aguiar, is described and illustrated, with a single species, C. metamorphus sp. nov. Supeleto, Santos & Aguiar, apparently occurring in two disjunct populations in northern and southeastern South America. The highly dimorphic female and male are described and illustrated. The phylogenetic relationships of the new genus are investigated using a matrix with 308 other species of Cryptini in 182 genera, based on 109 morphological characters and molecular data from seven loci. The analyses clearly support Cryptoxenodon gen. nov. as a distinct genus, closest to Debilos Townes and Diapetimorpha Viereck. Species limits and definition are investigated, but despite much morphological variation the analyses at the specimen level do not warrant the division of the studied populations into separate species. The considerable morphological variation is explored with principal component analyses of mixed features, and a new procedure is proposed for objective analysis of colors. The relationship of color and structural variation with altitude and latitude is demonstrated and discussed, representing an important case study for Ichneumonidae. Externally, Cryptoxenodon gen. nov. can be recognized mainly by its unusually large mandibles, but other diagnostic features include clypeus wide; sternaulus complete, distinct and crenulate throughout; areolet closed, about as long as pterostigma width; petiole anteriorly with distinct triangular projection on each side, spiracle near posterior 0.25; propodeum without posterior transverse carina; and propodeal apophyses conspicuously projected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda A. Supeleto
- Depto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Bernardo F. Santos
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Leandro A. Basilio
- Depto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Alexandre P. Aguiar
- Depto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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20
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Genetic Basis of Increased Lifespan and Postponed Senescence in Drosophila melanogaster. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:1087-1098. [PMID: 31969430 PMCID: PMC7056975 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Limited lifespan and senescence are near-universal phenomena. These quantitative traits exhibit variation in natural populations due to the segregation of many interacting loci and from environmental effects. Due to the complexity of the genetic control of lifespan and senescence, our understanding of the genetic basis of variation in these traits is incomplete. Here, we analyzed the pattern of genetic divergence between long-lived (O) Drosophila melanogaster lines selected for postponed reproductive senescence and unselected control (B) lines. We quantified the productivity of the O and B lines and found that reproductive senescence is maternally controlled. We therefore chose 57 candidate genes that are expressed in ovaries, 49 of which have human orthologs, and assessed the effects of RNA interference in ovaries and accessary glands on lifespan and reproduction. All but one candidate gene affected at least one life history trait in one sex or productivity week. In addition, 23 genes had antagonistic pleiotropic effects on lifespan and productivity. Identifying evolutionarily conserved genes affecting increased lifespan and delayed reproductive senescence is the first step toward understanding the evolutionary forces that maintain segregating variation at these loci in nature and may provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention to delay senescence while increasing lifespan.
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21
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Flatt T. Life-History Evolution and the Genetics of Fitness Components in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2020; 214:3-48. [PMID: 31907300 PMCID: PMC6944413 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.300160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-history traits or "fitness components"-such as age and size at maturity, fecundity and fertility, age-specific rates of survival, and life span-are the major phenotypic determinants of Darwinian fitness. Analyzing the evolution and genetics of these phenotypic targets of selection is central to our understanding of adaptation. Due to its simple and rapid life cycle, cosmopolitan distribution, ease of maintenance in the laboratory, well-understood evolutionary genetics, and its versatile genetic toolbox, the "vinegar fly" Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most powerful, experimentally tractable model systems for studying "life-history evolution." Here, I review what has been learned about the evolution and genetics of life-history variation in D. melanogaster by drawing on numerous sources spanning population and quantitative genetics, genomics, experimental evolution, evolutionary ecology, and physiology. This body of work has contributed greatly to our knowledge of several fundamental problems in evolutionary biology, including the amount and maintenance of genetic variation, the evolution of body size, clines and climate adaptation, the evolution of senescence, phenotypic plasticity, the nature of life-history trade-offs, and so forth. While major progress has been made, important facets of these and other questions remain open, and the D. melanogaster system will undoubtedly continue to deliver key insights into central issues of life-history evolution and the genetics of adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Flatt
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
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22
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Kezos JN, Phillips MA, Thomas MD, Ewunkem AJ, Rutledge GA, Barter TT, Santos MA, Wong BD, Arnold KR, Humphrey LA, Yan A, Nouzille C, Sanchez I, Cabral LG, Bradley TJ, Mueller LD, Graves JL, Rose MR. Genomics of Early Cardiac Dysfunction and Mortality in Obese Drosophila melanogaster. Physiol Biochem Zool 2019; 92:591-611. [PMID: 31603376 DOI: 10.1086/706099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In experimental evolution, we impose functional demands on laboratory populations of model organisms using selection. After enough generations of such selection, the resulting populations constitute excellent material for physiological research. An intense selection regime for increased starvation resistance was imposed on 10 large outbred Drosophila populations. We observed the selection responses of starvation and desiccation resistance, metabolic reserves, and heart robustness via electrical pacing. Furthermore, we sequenced the pooled genomes of these populations. As expected, significant increases in starvation resistance and lipid content were found in our 10 intensely selected SCO populations. The selection regime also improved desiccation resistance, water content, and glycogen content among these populations. Additionally, the average rate of cardiac arrests in our 10 obese SCO populations was double the rate of the 10 ancestral CO populations. Age-specific mortality rates were increased at early adult ages by selection. Genomic analysis revealed a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms across the genome that changed in frequency as a result of selection. These genomic results were similar to those obtained in our laboratory from less direct selection procedures. The combination of extensive genomic and phenotypic differentiation between these 10 populations and their ancestors makes them a powerful system for the analysis of the physiological underpinnings of starvation resistance.
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23
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Deepashree S, Niveditha S, Shivanandappa T, Ramesh SR. Oxidative stress resistance as a factor in aging: evidence from an extended longevity phenotype of Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontology 2019; 20:497-513. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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Everman ER, McNeil CL, Hackett JL, Bain CL, Macdonald SJ. Dissection of Complex, Fitness-Related Traits in Multiple Drosophila Mapping Populations Offers Insight into the Genetic Control of Stress Resistance. Genetics 2019; 211:1449-1467. [PMID: 30760490 PMCID: PMC6456312 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.301930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We leverage two complementary Drosophila melanogaster mapping panels to genetically dissect starvation resistance-an important fitness trait. Using >1600 genotypes from the multiparental Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource (DSPR), we map numerous starvation stress QTL that collectively explain a substantial fraction of trait heritability. Mapped QTL effects allowed us to estimate DSPR founder phenotypes, predictions that were correlated with the actual phenotypes of these lines. We observe a modest phenotypic correlation between starvation resistance and triglyceride level, traits that have been linked in previous studies. However, overlap among QTL identified for each trait is low. Since we also show that DSPR strains with extreme starvation phenotypes differ in desiccation resistance and activity level, our data imply multiple physiological mechanisms contribute to starvation variability. We additionally exploited the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) to identify sequence variants associated with starvation resistance. Consistent with prior work these sites rarely fall within QTL intervals mapped in the DSPR. We were offered a unique opportunity to directly compare association mapping results across laboratories since two other groups previously measured starvation resistance in the DGRP. We found strong phenotypic correlations among studies, but extremely low overlap in the sets of genomewide significant sites. Despite this, our analyses revealed that the most highly associated variants from each study typically showed the same additive effect sign in independent studies, in contrast to otherwise equivalent sets of random variants. This consistency provides evidence for reproducible trait-associated sites in a widely used mapping panel, and highlights the polygenic nature of starvation resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Everman
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Casey L McNeil
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Jennifer L Hackett
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Clint L Bain
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Stuart J Macdonald
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
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25
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Foley HB, Sun PY, Ramirez R, So BK, Venkataraman YR, Nixon EN, Davies KJA, Edmands S. Sex-specific stress tolerance, proteolysis, and lifespan in the invertebrate Tigriopus californicus. Exp Gerontol 2019; 119:146-156. [PMID: 30738921 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Because stress tolerance and longevity are mechanistically and phenotypically linked, the sex with higher acute stress tolerance might be expected to also live longer. On the other hand, the association between stress tolerance and lifespan may be complicated by tradeoffs between acute tolerance and long-term survival. Here we use the copepod Tigriopus californicus to test for sex differences in stress resistance, proteolytic activity and longevity. Unlike many model organisms, this species does not have sex chromosomes. However, substantial sex differences were still observed. Females were found to have superior tolerance to a range of acute stressors (high temperature, high salinity, low salinity, copper and bisphenol A (BPA)) across a variety of treatments including different populations, pure vs. hybrid crosses, and different shading environments. Upregulation of proteolytic capacity - one molecular mechanism for responding to acute stress - was also found to be sexually dimorphic. In the combined stress treatment of chronic copper exposure followed by acute heat exposure, proteolytic capacity was suppressed for males. Females, however, maintained a robust proteolytic stress response. While females consistently showed greater tolerance to short-term stress, lifespan was largely equivalent between the two sexes under both benign conditions and mild thermal stress. Our findings indicate that short-term stress tolerance does not predict long-term survival under relatively mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen B Foley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Patrick Y Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Rocio Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Brandon K So
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yaamini R Venkataraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Emily N Nixon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Molecular & Computational Biology Division, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Suzanne Edmands
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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26
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Phillips MA, Rutledge GA, Kezos JN, Greenspan ZS, Talbott A, Matty S, Arain H, Mueller LD, Rose MR, Shahrestani P. Effects of evolutionary history on genome wide and phenotypic convergence in Drosophila populations. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:743. [PMID: 30305018 PMCID: PMC6180417 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies combining experimental evolution and next-generation sequencing have found that adaptation in sexually reproducing populations is primarily fueled by standing genetic variation. Consequently, the response to selection is rapid and highly repeatable across replicate populations. Some studies suggest that the response to selection is highly repeatable at both the phenotypic and genomic levels, and that evolutionary history has little impact. Other studies suggest that even when the response to selection is repeatable phenotypically, evolutionary history can have significant impacts at the genomic level. Here we test two hypotheses that may explain this discrepancy. Hypothesis 1: Past intense selection reduces evolutionary repeatability at the genomic and phenotypic levels when conditions change. Hypothesis 2: Previous intense selection does not reduce evolutionary repeatability, but other evolutionary mechanisms may. We test these hypotheses using D. melanogaster populations that were subjected to 260 generations of intense selection for desiccation resistance and have since been under relaxed selection for the past 230 generations. RESULTS We find that, with the exception of longevity and to a lesser extent fecundity, 230 generations of relaxed selection has erased the extreme phenotypic differentiation previously found. We also find no signs of genetic fixation, and only limited evidence of genetic differentiation between previously desiccation resistance selected populations and their controls. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that evolution in our system is highly repeatable even when populations have been previously subjected to bouts of extreme selection. We therefore conclude that evolutionary repeatability can overcome past bouts of extreme selection in Drosophila experimental evolution, provided experiments are sufficiently long and populations are not inbred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Phillips
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.
| | - Grant A Rutledge
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - James N Kezos
- Department of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, USA
| | - Zachary S Greenspan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Andrew Talbott
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Sara Matty
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Hamid Arain
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Laurence D Mueller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Michael R Rose
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Parvin Shahrestani
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
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27
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Everman ER, Morgan TJ. Antagonistic pleiotropy and mutation accumulation contribute to age-related decline in stress response. Evolution 2018; 72:303-317. [PMID: 29214647 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As organisms age, the effectiveness of natural selection weakens, leading to age-related decline in fitness-related traits. The evolution of age-related changes associated with senescence is likely influenced by mutation accumulation (MA) and antagonistic pleiotropy (AP). MA predicts that age-related decline in fitness components is driven by age-specific sets of alleles, nonnegative genetic correlations within trait across age, and an increase in the coefficient of genetic variance. AP predicts that age-related decline in a trait is driven by alleles with positive effects on fitness in young individuals and negative effects in old individuals, and is expected to lead to negative genetic correlations within traits across age. We build on these predictions using an association mapping approach to investigate the change in additive effects of SNPs across age and among traits for multiple stress-response fitness-related traits, including cold stress with and without acclimation and starvation resistance. We found support for both MA and AP theories of aging in the age-related decline in stress tolerance. Our study demonstrates that the evolution of age-related decline in stress tolerance is driven by a combination of alleles that have age-specific additive effects, consistent with MA, as well as nonindependent and antagonistic genetic architectures characteristic of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Everman
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Theodore J Morgan
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
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28
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Tejeda MT, Arredondo‐Gordillo J, Orozco‐Dávila D, Quintero‐Fong L, Díaz‐Fleischer F. Directional selection to improve the sterile insect technique: Survival and sexual performance of desiccation resistant Anastrepha ludens strains. Evol Appl 2017; 10:1020-1030. [PMID: 29151857 PMCID: PMC5680626 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an effective, environmentally friendly method for insect control whose success depends on the sexual performance and survival of sterile males. These two parameters are influenced by environmental conditions of target areas, and releasing insects with a higher tolerance to stressful environments can improve SIT efficiency. Directional selection can be used to produce insect strains with higher tolerance to extreme environmental conditions, such as low humidity, for extended periods. We evaluated, under field cage conditions, the sexual competitiveness, sexual compatibility, and survival of strains of Anastrepha ludens (Loew) selected for desiccation resistance to determine the value of directional selection as a possible approach to enhance SIT efficiency. Fly strains (selected and unselected and those mass-reared) were exposed to stressful conditions of low humidity and food and water deprivation for 24 hr before test. As a control, mild conditions without the stressors were used. No differences in sexual competitiveness and sexual compatibility between selected, nonselected, and mass-reared strains were observed when previously exposed to mild conditions. Thus, selection for desiccation resistance does not modified negatively the sexual performance. However, when insects were exposed to stressful conditions, males of selected strains sexually outperform mass-reared males. Additionally, selected strains presented higher survival than mass-reared flies. The approach to integrate directional selection with other technologies in the SIT as well as the implications of using a desiccation-selected strain in the current pest management program is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco T. Tejeda
- INBIOTECAUniversidad VeracruzanaXalapaMéxico
- Departamento de Filtrado GenéticoPrograma Moscamed acuerdo SAGARPA‐IICAMetapa de DomínguezMéxico
| | - José Arredondo‐Gordillo
- Departamento de Biología, Ecología y Comportamiento, Desarrollo de MétodosPrograma Moscafrut Acuerdo SAGARPA‐IICAMetapa de DomínguezMéxico
| | - Dina Orozco‐Dávila
- Subdirección de ProducciónPrograma Moscafrut Acuerdo SAGARPA‐IICAMetapa de DomínguezMéxico
| | - Luis Quintero‐Fong
- Departamento de Validación Tecnológica, Desarrollo de MétodosPrograma Moscafrut Acuerdo SAGARPA‐IICAMetapa de DomínguezMéxico
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29
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Uzhachenko R, Boyd K, Olivares-Villagomez D, Zhu Y, Goodwin JS, Rana T, Shanker A, Tan WJT, Bondar T, Medzhitov R, Ivanova AV. Mitochondrial protein Fus1/Tusc2 in premature aging and age-related pathologies: critical roles of calcium and energy homeostasis. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:627-649. [PMID: 28351997 PMCID: PMC5391223 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Decreased energy production and increased oxidative stress are considered to be major contributors to aging and aging-associated pathologies. The role of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis has also been highlighted as an important factor affecting different pathological conditions. Here, we present evidence that loss of a small mitochondrial protein Fus1 that maintains mitochondrial homeostasis results in premature aging, aging-associated pathologies, and decreased survival. We showed that Fus1KO mice develop multiple early aging signs including lordokyphosis, lack of vigor, inability to accumulate fat, reduced ability to tolerate stress, and premature death. Other prominent pathological changes included low sperm counts, compromised ability of adult stem cells to repopulate tissues, and chronic inflammation. At the molecular level, we demonstrated that mitochondria of Fus1 KO cells have low reserve respiratory capacity (the ability to produce extra energy during sudden energy demanding situations), and show significantly altered dynamics of cellular calcium response. Our recent studies on early hearing and memory loss in Fus1 KO mice combined with the new data presented here suggest that calcium and energy homeostasis controlled by Fus1 may be at the core of its aging-regulating activities. Thus, Fus1 protein and Fus1-dependent pathways and processes may represent new tools and targets for anti-aging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Uzhachenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Kelli Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Danyvid Olivares-Villagomez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yueming Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - J Shawn Goodwin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Tanu Rana
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.,Present address: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.,Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 0651, USA
| | - Winston J T Tan
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 0651, USA
| | - Tanya Bondar
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 0651, USA
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 0651, USA
| | - Alla V Ivanova
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 0651, USA
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30
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Ronget V, Garratt M, Lemaître JF, Gaillard JM. The 'Evo-Demo' Implications of Condition-Dependent Mortality. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 32:909-921. [PMID: 29032843 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Animals in the wild die from a variety of different mortality sources, including predation, disease, and starvation. Different mortality sources selectively remove individuals with different body condition in different ways, and this variation in the condition dependence of mortality has evolutionary and demographic implications. Subsequent population dynamics are influenced by the strength of condition-dependent mortality during specific periods, with population growth impacted in different ways in short- versus long-lived species. The evolution of lifespan is strongly influenced by condition-dependent mortality, with strikingly different outcomes expected in senescence rates when the relationship between condition and mortality is altered. A coupling of field and laboratory studies is now required to further reveal the evolutionary implications of condition-dependent mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ronget
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR-5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Michael Garratt
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jean-François Lemaître
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR-5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR-5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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31
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Pettersen AK, White CR, Marshall DJ. Metabolic rate covaries with fitness and the pace of the life history in the field. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.0323. [PMID: 27226476 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rate reflects the 'pace of life' in every organism. Metabolic rate is related to an organism's capacity for essential maintenance, growth and reproduction-all of which interact to affect fitness. Although thousands of measurements of metabolic rate have been made, the microevolutionary forces that shape metabolic rate remain poorly resolved. The relationship between metabolic rate and components of fitness are often inconsistent, possibly because these fitness components incompletely map to actual fitness and often negatively covary with each other. Here we measure metabolic rate across ontogeny and monitor its effects on actual fitness (lifetime reproductive output) for a marine bryozoan in the field. We also measure key components of fitness throughout the entire life history including growth rate, longevity and age at the onset of reproduction. We found that correlational selection favours individuals with higher metabolic rates in one stage and lower metabolic rates in the other-individuals with similar metabolic rates in each developmental stage displayed the lowest fitness. Furthermore, individuals with the lowest metabolic rates lived for longer and reproduced more, but they also grew more slowly and took longer to reproduce initially. That metabolic rate is related to the pace of the life history in nature has long been suggested by macroevolutionary patterns but this study reveals the microevolutionary processes that probably generated these patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Pettersen
- School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Craig R White
- School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Dustin J Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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32
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Shiotsugu J, Leroi AM, Yashiro H, Rose MR, Mueller LD. THE SYMMETRY OF CORRELATED SELECTION RESPONSES IN ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY USING DROSOPHILA. Evolution 2017; 51:163-172. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb02397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/1996] [Accepted: 07/16/1996] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Shiotsugu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Irvine California 92697
| | - Armand M. Leroi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Irvine California 92697
| | - Hideko Yashiro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Irvine California 92697
| | - Michael R. Rose
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Irvine California 92697
| | - Laurence D. Mueller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Irvine California 92697
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33
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Karan D, Dahiya N, Munjal AK, Gibert P, Moreteau B, Parkash R, David JR. DESICCATION AND STARVATION TOLERANCE OF ADULT DROSOPHILA
: OPPOSITE LATITUDINAL CLINES IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF THREE DIFFERENT SPECIES. Evolution 2017; 52:825-831. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb03706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/1997] [Accepted: 02/24/1998] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dev Karan
- Department of Biosciences; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak 124 001 India
| | - Neena Dahiya
- Department of Biosciences; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak 124 001 India
| | - Ashok K. Munjal
- Department of Biosciences; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak 124 001 India
| | - Patricia Gibert
- Laboratoire Populations; Génétique et Evolution, CNRS; 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex France
| | - Brigitte Moreteau
- Laboratoire Populations; Génétique et Evolution, CNRS; 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex France
| | - Ravi Parkash
- Department of Biosciences; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak 124 001 India
| | - Jean R. David
- Laboratoire Populations; Génétique et Evolution, CNRS; 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex France
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34
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Leroi AM, Chippindale AK, Rose MR. LONG-TERM LABORATORY EVOLUTION OF A GENETIC LIFE-HISTORY TRADE-OFF IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. 1. THE ROLE OF GENOTYPE-BY-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION. Evolution 2017; 48:1244-1257. [PMID: 28564485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1994.tb05309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/1992] [Accepted: 09/17/1993] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Trade-offs among life-history traits are often thought to constrain the evolution of populations. Here we report the disappearance of a trade-off between early fecundity on the one hand, and late-life fecundity, starvation resistance, and longevity on the other, over 10 yr of laboratory selection for late-life reproduction. Whereas the selected populations showed an initial depression in early-life fecundity, they later converged upon the controls and then surpassed them. The evolutionary loss of the trade-off among life-history traits is considered attributable to the following factors: (1) the existence of differences in the culture regimes of the short- and long-generation populations other than the demographic differences deliberately imposed; (2) adaptation of one or both of these sets of populations to the unique aspects of their culture regimes; (3) the existence of an among-environment trade-off in the expression of early fecundity in the two culture regimes, as reflected in assays that mimic those regimes. The trade-off between early and late-life reproductive success, as manifest among divergently selected populations, is apparent or not depending on the assay environment. This demonstration that strong genotype-by-environment interactions can obscure a fundamental trade-off points to the importance of controlling all aspects of the culture regime of experimental populations and the difficulty of doing so even in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand M Leroi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92717
| | - Adam K Chippindale
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92717
| | - Michael R Rose
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92717
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35
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Chippindale AK, Chu TJF, Rose MR. COMPLEX TRADE-OFFS AND THE EVOLUTION OF STARVATION RESISTANCE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. Evolution 2017; 50:753-766. [PMID: 28568920 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03885.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/1994] [Accepted: 03/30/1995] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of trade-offs may be complicated when selection exploits multiple avenues of adaptation or multiple life-cycle stages. We surveyed 10 populations of Drosophila melanogaster selected for increased resistance to starvation for 60 generations, their paired controls, and their mutual ancestors (a total of 30 outbred populations) for evidence of physiological and life-history trade-offs that span life-cycle stages. The directly selected lines showed an impressive response to starvation selection, with mature adult females resisting starvation death 4-6 times longer than unselected controls or ancestors-up to a maximum of almost 20 days. Starvation-selected flies are already 80% more resistant to starvation death than their controls immediately upon eclosion, suggesting that a significant portion of their selection response was owing to preadult growth and acquisition of metabolites relevant to the stress. These same lines exhibited significantly longer development and lower viability in the larval and pupal stages. Weight and lipid measurements on one of the starvation-selected treatments (SB1-5 ), its control populations (CB1-5 ), and their ancestor populations (B1-5 ) revealed three important findings. First, starvation resistance and lipid content were linearly correlated; second, larval lipid acquisition played a major role in the evolution of adult starvation resistance; finally, increased larval growth rate and lipid acquisition had a fitness cost exacted in reduced viability and slower development. This study implicates multiple life-cycle stages in the response to selection for the stress resistance of only one stage. Our starvation-selected populations illustrate a case that may be common in nature. Patterns of genetic correlation may prove misleading unless multiple pleiotropic interconnections are resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam K Chippindale
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92717
| | - Terence J F Chu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92717
| | - Michael R Rose
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92717
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36
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Chippindale AK, Gibbs AG, Sheik M, Yee KJ, Djawdan M, Bradley TJ, Rose MR. RESOURCE ACQUISITION AND THE EVOLUTION OF STRESS RESISTANCE IN
DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. Evolution 2017; 52:1342-1352. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb02016.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/1997] [Accepted: 06/02/1998] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam K. Chippindale
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Irvine California 92697‐2525
| | - Allen G. Gibbs
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Irvine California 92697‐2525
| | - Mani Sheik
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Irvine California 92697‐2525
| | - Kandice J. Yee
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Irvine California 92697‐2525
| | - Minou Djawdan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Irvine California 92697‐2525
| | - Timothy J. Bradley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Irvine California 92697‐2525
| | - Michael R. Rose
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Irvine California 92697‐2525
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37
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Harshman LG, Schmid JL. EVOLUTION OF STARVATION RESISTANCE INDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: ASPECTS OF METABOLISM AND COUNTER-IMPACT SELECTION. Evolution 2017; 52:1679-1685. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb02247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/1997] [Accepted: 08/13/1998] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence G. Harshman
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln Nebraska 68588
| | - Jeana L. Schmid
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln Nebraska 68588
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38
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Deckert-Cruz DJ, Tyler RH, Landmesser JE, Rose MR. ALLOZYMIC DIFFERENTIATION IN RESPONSE TO LABORATORY DEMOGRAPHIC SELECTION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. Evolution 2017; 51:865-872. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb03668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/1996] [Accepted: 01/28/1997] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise J. Deckert-Cruz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Irvine California 92697-2525
| | - Robert H. Tyler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Irvine California 92697-2525
| | - Jacob E. Landmesser
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Irvine California 92697-2525
| | - Michael R. Rose
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Irvine California 92697-2525
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39
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Chippindale AK, Hoang DT, Service PM, Rose MR. THE EVOLUTION OF DEVELOPMENT IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER SELECTED FOR POSTPONED SENESCENCE. Evolution 2017; 48:1880-1899. [PMID: 28565158 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1994.tb02221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/1993] [Accepted: 04/22/1994] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of development in the evolution of postponed senescence is poorly understood despite the existence of a major gerontological theory connecting developmental rate to aging. We investigate the role of developmental rate in the laboratory evolution of aging using 24 distinct populations of Drosophila melanogaster. We have found a significant difference between the larval developmental rates of our Drosophila stocks selected for early (B) and late-life (O) fertility. This larval developmental time difference of approximately 12% (O > B) has been stable for at least 5 yr, occurs under a wide variety of rearing conditions, responds to reverse selection, and is shown for two other O-like selection treatments. Emerging adults from lines with different larval developmental rates show no significant differences in weight at emergence, thorax length, or starvation resistance. Long-developing lines (O, CO, and CB) have greater survivorship from egg to pupa and from pupa to adult, with and without strong larval competition. Crosses between slower developing populations, and a variety of other lines of evidence, indicate that neither mutation accumulation nor inbreeding depression are responsible for the extended development of our late-reproduced selection treatments. These results stand in striking contrast to other recent studies. We argue that inbreeding depression and inadvertent direct selection in other laboratories' culture regimes explain their results. We demonstrate antagonistic pleiotropy between developmental rate and preadult viability. The absence of any correlation between longevity and developmental time in our stocks refutes the developmental theory of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam K Chippindale
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92717
| | - Dat T Hoang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92717
| | - Philip M Service
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011-5640
| | - Michael R Rose
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92717
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40
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Blows MW, Hoffmann AA. THE GENETICS OF CENTRAL AND MARGINAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA SERRATA. I. GENETIC VARIATION FOR STRESS RESISTANCE AND SPECIES BORDERS. Evolution 2017; 47:1255-1270. [PMID: 28564275 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1993.tb02151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/1992] [Accepted: 02/17/1993] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A selection experiment was used to determine if levels of genetic variance in an ecologically important trait, desiccation resistance, were different in central and marginal populations. Four populations of Drosophila serrata were sampled from central and marginal areas of its distribution, along a 3000-km stretch of Australia's east coast. Rainfall patterns along this stretch of coastline change from a tropical cycle in the north to a temperate cycle in the south. Replicate lines from the four populations underwent selection for desiccation resistance for 14 generations. Realized heritabilities calculated after 10 and 14 generations of selection indicated that the four populations differed significantly in the level of genetic variation for desiccation resistance available to selection. Populations from the more southern marginal areas had lower realized heritabilities than more northern central populations. However, a corresponding increase in mean desiccation resistance toward the margin was not found. A mechanism by which D. serrata seemed to have responded to selection was a reduction in the extent that metabolic rate was increased when flies were exposed to low humidity. This response indicates genetic variation for the control of metabolic rate. In contrast, increased desiccation resistance was not associated with lipid or glycogen levels. Increased resistance to desiccation was accompanied by increased starvation resistance, but radiation resistance was not affected. Selection did not affect the degree that replicate lines or populations had diverged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Blows
- Department of Genetics and Human Variation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3083, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Department of Genetics and Human Variation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3083, Australia
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41
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Leroi AM, Chen WR, Rose MR. LONG-TERM LABORATORY EVOLUTION OF A GENETIC LIFE-HISTORY TRADE-OFF IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. 2. STABILITY OF GENETIC CORRELATIONS. Evolution 2017; 48:1258-1268. [PMID: 28564457 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1994.tb05310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/1992] [Accepted: 09/24/1993] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Experiments in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster have shown a negative genetic correlation between early-life fecundity on the one hand and starvation resistance and longevity on the other. Selection for late-life reproductive success resulted in long-lived populations that had increased starvation resistance but diminished early-life fecundity relative to short-lived controls. This pattern of differentiation proved, however, to be unstable. When assayed in a standard high-fecundity environment, the relative early fecundity of the long- and short-lived stocks reversed over a decade. That is, the long-lived populations came to have greater relative early-life fecundity, late-life fecundity, longevity and starvation resistance. Nevertheless, when these populations were assayed in other assay environments, the original trade-off was still present. We investigated the genetic structure of the short- and long-lived populations, to ask whether the inconstancy of the trade-off, as inferred from among population comparisons, is reflected in the pattern of genetic correlations within populations. For this purpose, lines from each of the short- and long-lived populations that had been selected for starvation resistance were compared with unselected controls. The direct and correlated responses of these starvation selected populations suggest that (1) the original genetic trade-off was still present in the ancestral short- and long-lived populations, even when it was no longer apparent from their comparison; (2) the trade-off was present in both assay environments; and (3) selectable genotype × environment variation exists for early fecundity. We suggest that a failure of the pattern of differentiation among populations to reflect the pattern of genetic correlations, if common in natural populations, will prevent the reliable inference of genetic trade-offs from comparisons of most natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand M Leroi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92717
| | - W Royal Chen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92717
| | - Michael R Rose
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92717
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42
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Chippindale AK, Alipaz JA, Chen HW, Rose MR. EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION OF ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT IN DROSOPHILA.
1. DEVELOPMENTAL SPEED AND LARVAL SURVIVAL. Evolution 2017; 51:1536-1551. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb01477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/1996] [Accepted: 05/07/1997] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam K. Chippindale
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Irvine California 92717-2525
| | - Julie A. Alipaz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Irvine California 92717-2525
| | - Hsiao-Wei Chen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Irvine California 92717-2525
| | - Michael R. Rose
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Irvine California 92717-2525
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43
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Kezos JN, Cabral LG, Wong BD, Khou BK, Oh A, Harb JF, Chiem D, Bradley TJ, Mueller LD, Rose MR. Starvation but not locomotion enhances heart robustness in Drosophila. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 99:8-14. [PMID: 28285040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Insects and vertebrates have multiple major physiological systems, each species having a circulatory system, a metabolic system, and a respiratory system that enable locomotion and survival in stressful environments, among other functions. Broadening our understanding of the physiology of Drosophila melanogaster requires the parsing of interrelationships among such major component physiological systems. By combining electrical pacing and flight exhaustion assays with manipulative conditioning, we have started to unpack the interrelationships between cardiac function, locomotor performance, and other functional characters such as starvation and desiccation resistance. Manipulative sequences incorporating these four physiological characters were applied to five D. melanogaster lab populations that share a common origin from the wild and a common history of experimental evolution. While exposure to starvation or desiccation significantly reduced flight duration, exhaustion due to flight only affected subsequent desiccation resistance. A strong association was found between flight duration and desiccation resistance, providing additional support for the hypothesis that these traits depend on glycogen and water content. However, there was negligible impact on rate of cardiac arrests from exhaustion by flight or exposure to desiccant. Brief periods of starvation significantly lowered the rate of cardiac arrest. These results provide suggestive support for the adverse impact of lipids on Drosophila heart robustness, a parallel result to those of many comparable studies in human cardiology. Overall, this study underscores clear distinctions among the connections between specific physiological responses to stress and specific types of physiological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Kezos
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Francisco J. Ayala School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, United States.
| | - Larry G Cabral
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Francisco J. Ayala School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, United States.
| | - Brandon D Wong
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Francisco J. Ayala School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, United States.
| | - Belinda K Khou
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Francisco J. Ayala School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, United States.
| | - Angela Oh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Francisco J. Ayala School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, United States.
| | - Jerry F Harb
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Francisco J. Ayala School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, United States.
| | - Danny Chiem
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Francisco J. Ayala School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, United States.
| | - Timothy J Bradley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Francisco J. Ayala School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, United States.
| | - Laurence D Mueller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Francisco J. Ayala School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, United States.
| | - Michael R Rose
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Francisco J. Ayala School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, United States.
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Rowiński PK, Rogell B. Environmental stress correlates with increases in both genetic and residual variances: A meta-analysis of animal studies. Evolution 2017; 71:1339-1351. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr K. Rowiński
- Department of Zoology; Stockholm University; Svante Arrhenius väg 18B 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Björn Rogell
- Department of Zoology; Stockholm University; Svante Arrhenius väg 18B 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
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45
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Shahrestani P, Burke MK, Birse R, Kezos JN, Ocorr K, Mueller LD, Rose MR, Bodmer R. Experimental Evolution and Heart Function in Drosophila. Physiol Biochem Zool 2017; 90:281-293. [PMID: 28277957 DOI: 10.1086/689288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster is a good model species for the study of heart function. However, most previous work on D. melanogaster heart function has focused on the effects of large-effect genetic variants. We compare heart function among 18 D. melanogaster populations that have been selected for altered development time, aging, or stress resistance. We find that populations with faster development and faster aging have increased heart dysfunction, measured as percentage heart failure after electrical pacing. Experimental evolution of different triglyceride levels, by contrast, has little effect on heart function. Evolved differences in heart function correlate with allele frequency changes at many loci of small effect. Genomic analysis of these populations produces a list of candidate loci that might affect cardiac function at the intersection of development, aging, and metabolic control mechanisms.
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46
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Lind MI, Chen H, Meurling S, Guevara Gil AC, Carlsson H, Zwoinska MK, Andersson J, Larva T, Maklakov AA. Slow development as an evolutionary cost of long life. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin I. Lind
- Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University 752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Hwei‐yen Chen
- Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University 752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Sara Meurling
- Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University 752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Hanne Carlsson
- Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University 752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Martyna K. Zwoinska
- Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University 752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Johan Andersson
- Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University 752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Tuuli Larva
- Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University 752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Alexei A. Maklakov
- Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University 752 36 Uppsala Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
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47
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Sex differences in oxidative stress resistance in relation to longevity in Drosophila melanogaster. J Comp Physiol B 2017; 187:899-909. [PMID: 28261744 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-017-1061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gender differences in lifespan and aging are known across species. Sex differences in longevity within a species can be useful to understand sex-specific aging. Drosophila melanogaster is a good model to study the problem of sex differences in longevity since females are longer lived than males. There is evidence that stress resistance influences longevity. The objective of this study was to investigate if there is a relationship between sex differences in longevity and oxidative stress resistance in D. melanogaster. We observed a progressive age-dependent decrease in the activity of SOD and catalase, major antioxidant enzymes involved in defense mechanisms against oxidative stress in parallel to the increased ROS levels over time. Longer-lived females showed lower ROS levels and higher antioxidant enzymes than males as a function of age. Using ethanol as a stressor, we have shown differential susceptibility of the sexes to ethanol wherein females exhibited higher resistance to ethanol-induced mortality and locomotor behavior compared to males. Our results show strong correlation between sex differences in oxidative stress resistance, antioxidant defenses and longevity. The study suggests that higher antioxidant defenses in females may confer resistance to oxidative stress, which could be a factor that influences sex-specific aging in D. melanogaster.
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48
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Shahrestani P, Wilson JB, Mueller LD, Rose MR. Patterns of physiological decline due to age and selection in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution 2016; 70:2550-2561. [PMID: 27624548 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In outbred sexually reproducing populations, age-specific mortality rates reach a plateau in late life following the exponential increase in mortality rates that marks aging. Little is known about what happens to physiology when cohorts transition from aging to late life. We measured age-specific values for starvation resistance, desiccation resistance, time-in-motion, and geotaxis in ten Drosophila melanogaster populations: five populations selected for rapid development and five control populations. Adulthood was divided into two stages, the aging phase and the late-life phase according to demographic data. Consistent with previous studies, we found that populations selected for rapid development entered the late-life phase at an earlier age than the controls. Age-specific rates of change for all physiological phenotypes showed differences between the aging phase and the late-life phase. This result suggests that late life is physiologically distinct from aging. The ages of transitions in physiological characteristics from aging to late life statistically match the age at which the demographic transition from aging to late life occurs, in all cases but one. These experimental results support evolutionary theories of late life that depend on patterns of decline and stabilization in the forces of natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Shahrestani
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697. .,Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, 92831.
| | - Julian B Wilson
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, 92831
| | - Laurence D Mueller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697
| | - Michael R Rose
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697
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49
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Tejeda MT, Arredondo J, Liedo P, Pérez-Staples D, Ramos-Morales P, Díaz-Fleischer F. Reasons for success: Rapid evolution for desiccation resistance and life-history changes in the polyphagous flyAnastrepha ludens. Evolution 2016; 70:2583-2594. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco T. Tejeda
- INBIOTECA; Universidad Veracruzana; Xalapa Veracruz 91090 México
- Departamento de Cría; Programa Moscamed acuerdo SAGARPA-IICA; Metapa de Domínguez Chiapas 30860 México
| | - José Arredondo
- Departamento de Biología, Ecología y Comportamiento; Desarrollo de Métodos; Programa Moscafrut acuerdo SAGARPA-IICA Metapa de Domínguez Chiapas 30860 México
| | - Pablo Liedo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur; Tapachula Chiapas 30700 México
| | | | - Patricia Ramos-Morales
- UNAM, Facultad de Ciencias; Laboratorio de Genética y Toxicología Ambiental and Drosophila Stock Center México; Distrito Federal 04510 México
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50
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Rajpurohit S, Peterson LM, Orr AJ, Marlon AJ, Gibbs AG. An Experimental Evolution Test of the Relationship between Melanism and Desiccation Survival in Insects. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163414. [PMID: 27658246 PMCID: PMC5033579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We used experimental evolution to test the ‘melanism-desiccation’ hypothesis, which proposes that dark cuticle in several Drosophila species is an adaptation for increased desiccation tolerance. We selected for dark and light body pigmentation in replicated populations of D. melanogaster and assayed several traits related to water balance. We also scored pigmentation and desiccation tolerance in populations selected for desiccation survival. Populations in both selection regimes showed large differences in the traits directly under selection. However, after over 40 generations of pigmentation selection, dark-selected populations were not more desiccation-tolerant than light-selected and control populations, nor did we find significant changes in mass or carbohydrate amounts that could affect desiccation resistance. Body pigmentation of desiccation-selected populations did not differ from control populations after over 140 generations of selection, although selected populations lost water less rapidly. Our results do not support an important role for melanization in Drosophila water balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Rajpurohit
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States of America
| | - Lisa Marie Peterson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States of America
| | - Andrew J Orr
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States of America
| | - Anthony J Marlon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States of America
| | - Allen G Gibbs
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States of America
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