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Winter-Hjelm N, Sikorski P, Sandvig A, Sandvig I. Engineered cortical microcircuits for investigations of neuroplasticity. LAB ON A CHIP 2024. [PMID: 39264326 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00546e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in neural engineering have opened new ways to investigate the impact of topology on neural network function. Leveraging microfluidic technologies, it is possible to establish modular circuit motifs that promote both segregation and integration of information processing in the engineered neural networks, similar to those observed in vivo. However, the impact of the underlying topologies on network dynamics and response to pathological perturbation remains largely unresolved. In this work, we demonstrate the utilization of microfluidic platforms with 12 interconnected nodes to structure modular, cortical engineered neural networks. By implementing geometrical constraints inspired by a Tesla valve within the connecting microtunnels, we additionally exert control over the direction of axonal outgrowth between the nodes. Interfacing these platforms with nanoporous microelectrode arrays reveals that the resulting laminar cortical networks exhibit pronounced segregated and integrated functional dynamics across layers, mirroring key elements of the feedforward, hierarchical information processing observed in the neocortex. The multi-nodal configuration also facilitates selective perturbation of individual nodes within the networks. To illustrate this, we induced hypoxia, a key factor in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, in well-connected nodes within the networks. Our findings demonstrate that such perturbations induce ablation of information flow across the hypoxic node, while enabling the study of plasticity and information processing adaptations in neighboring nodes and neural communication pathways. In summary, our presented model system recapitulates fundamental attributes of the microcircuit organization of neocortical neural networks, rendering it highly pertinent for preclinical neuroscience research. This model system holds promise for yielding new insights into the development, topological organization, and neuroplasticity mechanisms of the neocortex across the micro- and mesoscale level, in both healthy and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Winter-Hjelm
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway.
| | - Pawel Sikorski
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Axel Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway.
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ioanna Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway.
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2
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Wang G, Qi W, Liu QH, Guan W. GluN2A: A Promising Target for Developing Novel Antidepressants. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 27:pyae037. [PMID: 39185814 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a heterogeneous disorder with high morbidity and disability rates that poses serious problems regarding mental health care. It is now well established that N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) modulators are being increasingly explored as potential therapeutic options for treating depression, although relatively little is known about their mechanisms of action. NMDARs are glutamate-gated ion channels that are ubiquitously expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), and they have been shown to play key roles in excitatory synaptic transmission. GluN2A, the predominant Glu2N subunit of functional NMDARs in neurons, is involved in various physiological processes in the CNS and is associated with diseases such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. However, the role of GluN2A in the pathophysiology of depression has not yet been elucidated. METHODS We reviewed several past studies to better understand the function of GluN2A in depression. Additionally, we also summarized the pathogenesis of depression based on the regulation of GluN2A expression, particularly its interaction with neuroinflammation and neurogenesis, which has received considerable critical attention and is highly implicated in the onset of depression. RESULTS These evidence suggests that GluN2A overexpression impairs structural and functional synaptic plasticity, which contributes to the development of depression. Consequently, this knowledge is vital for the development of selective antagonists targeting GluN2A subunits using pharmacological and molecular methods. CONCLUSIONS Specific inhibition of the GluN2A NMDAR subunit is resistant to chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors, making them promising targets for the development of novel antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhangjiagang Hospital affiliated to Soochow University/The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang City, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Wang Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Qiu-Hua Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhangjiagang Hospital affiliated to Soochow University/The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang City, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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3
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Pavešković M, De-Paula RB, Ojelade SA, Tantry EK, Kochukov MY, Bao S, Veeraragavan S, Garza AR, Srivastava S, Song SY, Fujita M, Duong DM, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Seyfried NT, Dickinson ME, Heaney JD, Arenkiel BR, Shulman JM. Alzheimer's disease risk gene CD2AP is a dose-sensitive determinant of synaptic structure and plasticity. Hum Mol Genet 2024:ddae115. [PMID: 39146503 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
CD2-Associated protein (CD2AP) is a candidate susceptibility gene for Alzheimer's disease, but its role in the mammalian central nervous system remains largely unknown. We show that CD2AP protein is broadly expressed in the adult mouse brain, including within cortical and hippocampal neurons, where it is detected at pre-synaptic terminals. Deletion of Cd2ap altered dendritic branching and spine density, and impaired ubiquitin-proteasome system activity. Moreover, in mice harboring either one or two copies of a germline Cd2ap null allele, we noted increased paired-pulse facilitation at hippocampal Schaffer-collateral synapses, consistent with a haploinsufficient requirement for pre-synaptic release. Whereas conditional Cd2ap knockout in the brain revealed no gross behavioral deficits in either 3.5- or 12-month-old mice, Cd2ap heterozygous mice demonstrated subtle impairments in discrimination learning using a touchscreen task. Based on unbiased proteomics, partial or complete loss of Cd2ap triggered perturbation of proteins with roles in protein folding, lipid metabolism, proteostasis, and synaptic function. Overall, our results reveal conserved, dose-sensitive requirements for CD2AP in the maintenance of neuronal structure and function, including synaptic homeostasis and plasticity, and inform our understanding of possible cell-type specific mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matea Pavešković
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Ruth B De-Paula
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Quantitative and Computational Biology Program, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Shamsideen A Ojelade
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Evelyne K Tantry
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Mikhail Y Kochukov
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Suyang Bao
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Development, Disease Models, and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Surabi Veeraragavan
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Alexandra R Garza
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Snigdha Srivastava
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Si-Yuan Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, United States
| | - Duc M Duong
- Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Mary E Dickinson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Jason D Heaney
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Benjamin R Arenkiel
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Joshua M Shulman
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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4
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Flores JC, Zito K. A synapse-specific refractory period for plasticity at individual dendritic spines. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595787. [PMID: 38826343 PMCID: PMC11142223 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
How newly formed memories are preserved while brain plasticity is ongoing has been a source of debate. One idea is that synapses which experienced recent plasticity become resistant to further plasticity, a type of metaplasticity often referred to as saturation. Here, we probe the local dendritic mechanisms that limit plasticity at recently potentiated synapses. We show that recently potentiated individual synapses exhibit a synapse-specific refractory period for further potentiation. We further found that the refractory period is associated with reduced postsynaptic CaMKII signaling; however, stronger synaptic activation only partially restored the ability for further plasticity. Importantly, the refractory period is released after one hour, a timing that coincides with the enrichment of several postsynaptic proteins to pre-plasticity levels. Notably, increasing the level of the postsynaptic scaffolding protein, PSD95, but not of PSD93, overcomes the refractory period. Our results support a model in which potentiation at a single synapse is sufficient to initiate a synapse-specific refractory period that persists until key postsynaptic proteins regain their steady-state synaptic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Flores
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA 95618
| | - Karen Zito
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA 95618
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5
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Suppermpool A, Lyons DG, Broom E, Rihel J. Sleep pressure modulates single-neuron synapse number in zebrafish. Nature 2024; 629:639-645. [PMID: 38693264 PMCID: PMC11096099 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is a nearly universal behaviour with unclear functions1. The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis proposes that sleep is required to renormalize the increases in synaptic number and strength that occur during wakefulness2. Some studies examining either large neuronal populations3 or small patches of dendrites4 have found evidence consistent with the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis, but whether sleep merely functions as a permissive state or actively promotes synaptic downregulation at the scale of whole neurons is unclear. Here, by repeatedly imaging all excitatory synapses on single neurons across sleep-wake states of zebrafish larvae, we show that synapses are gained during periods of wake (either spontaneous or forced) and lost during sleep in a neuron-subtype-dependent manner. However, synapse loss is greatest during sleep associated with high sleep pressure after prolonged wakefulness, and lowest in the latter half of an undisrupted night. Conversely, sleep induced pharmacologically during periods of low sleep pressure is insufficient to trigger synapse loss unless adenosine levels are boosted while noradrenergic tone is inhibited. We conclude that sleep-dependent synapse loss is regulated by sleep pressure at the level of the single neuron and that not all sleep periods are equally capable of fulfilling the functions of synaptic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya Suppermpool
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Declan G Lyons
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Broom
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
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6
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Delhaye M, LeDue J, Robinson K, Xu Q, Zhang Q, Oku S, Zhang P, Craig AM. Adaptation of Magnified Analysis of the Proteome for Excitatory Synaptic Proteins in Varied Samples and Evaluation of Cell Type-Specific Distributions. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1291232024. [PMID: 38360747 PMCID: PMC10993037 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1291-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests a remarkable diversity and complexity in the molecular composition of synapses, forming the basis for the brain to execute complex behaviors. Hence, there is considerable interest in visualizing the spatial distribution of such molecular diversity at individual synapses within intact brain circuits. Yet this task presents significant technical challenges. Expansion microscopy approaches have revolutionized our view of molecular anatomy. However, their use to study synapse-related questions outside of the labs developing them has been limited. Here we independently adapted a version of Magnified Analysis of the Proteome (MAP) and present a step-by-step protocol for visualizing over 40 synaptic proteins in brain circuits. Surprisingly, our findings show that the advantage of MAP over conventional immunolabeling was primarily due to improved antigen recognition and secondarily physical expansion. Furthermore, we demonstrated the versatile use of MAP in brains perfused with paraformaldehyde or fresh-fixed with formalin and in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. These tests expand the potential applications of MAP to combinations with slice electrophysiology or clinical pathology specimens. Using male and female mice expressing YFP-ChR2 exclusively in interneurons, we revealed a distinct composition of AMPA and NMDA receptors and Shank family members at synapses on hippocampal interneurons versus on pyramidal neurons. Quantitative single synapse analyses yielded comprehensive cell type distributions of synaptic proteins and their relationships. These findings exemplify the value of the versatile adapted MAP procedure presented here as an accessible tool for the broad neuroscience community to unravel the complexity of the "synaptome" across brain circuits and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Delhaye
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Jeffrey LeDue
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Kaylie Robinson
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Shinichiro Oku
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Peng Zhang
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Ann Marie Craig
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
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Bian X, Zhu J, Jia X, Liang W, Yu S, Li Z, Zhang W, Rao Y. Suggestion of creatine as a new neurotransmitter by approaches ranging from chemical analysis and biochemistry to electrophysiology. eLife 2023; 12:RP89317. [PMID: 38126335 PMCID: PMC10735228 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of a new neurotransmitter, especially one in the central nervous system, is both important and difficult. We have been searching for new neurotransmitters for 12 y. We detected creatine (Cr) in synaptic vesicles (SVs) at a level lower than glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid but higher than acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. SV Cr was reduced in mice lacking either arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (a Cr synthetase) or SLC6A8, a Cr transporter with mutations among the most common causes of intellectual disability in men. Calcium-dependent release of Cr was detected after stimulation in brain slices. Cr release was reduced in Slc6a8 and Agat mutants. Cr inhibited neocortical pyramidal neurons. SLC6A8 was necessary for Cr uptake into synaptosomes. Cr was found by us to be taken up into SVs in an ATP-dependent manner. Our biochemical, chemical, genetic, and electrophysiological results are consistent with the possibility of Cr as a neurotransmitter, though not yet reaching the level of proof for the now classic transmitters. Our novel approach to discover neurotransmitters is to begin with analysis of contents in SVs before defining their function and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiling Bian
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR)BeijingChina
| | - Jiemin Zhu
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR)BeijingChina
| | - Xiaobo Jia
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR)BeijingChina
| | - Wenjun Liang
- Chinese Institutes of Medical Research, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping DistrictBeijingChina
| | - Sihan Yu
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping DistrictBeijingChina
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institutes of Medical Research, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenChina
| | - Yi Rao
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR)BeijingChina
- Chinese Institutes of Medical Research, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping DistrictBeijingChina
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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Casanova-Sepúlveda G, Sexton JA, Turk BE, Boggon TJ. Autoregulation of the LIM kinases by their PDZ domain. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8441. [PMID: 38114480 PMCID: PMC10730565 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
LIM domain kinases (LIMK) are important regulators of actin cytoskeletal remodeling. These protein kinases phosphorylate the actin depolymerizing factor cofilin to suppress filament severing, and are key nodes between Rho GTPase cascades and actin. The two mammalian LIMKs, LIMK1 and LIMK2, contain consecutive LIM domains and a PDZ domain upstream of the C-terminal kinase domain. The roles of the N-terminal regions are not fully understood, and the function of the PDZ domain remains elusive. Here, we determine the 2.0 Å crystal structure of the PDZ domain of LIMK2 and reveal features not previously observed in PDZ domains including a core-facing arginine residue located at the second position of the 'x-Φ-G-Φ' motif, and that the expected peptide binding cleft is shallow and poorly conserved. We find a distal extended surface to be highly conserved, and when LIMK1 was ectopically expressed in yeast we find targeted mutagenesis of this surface decreases growth, implying increased LIMK activity. PDZ domain LIMK1 mutants expressed in yeast are hyperphosphorylated and show elevated activity in vitro. This surface in both LIMK1 and LIMK2 is critical for autoregulation independent of activation loop phosphorylation. Overall, our study demonstrates the functional importance of the PDZ domain to autoregulation of LIMKs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel A Sexton
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Benjamin E Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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9
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Haynes V, Giulivi C. Calcium-Dependent Interaction of Nitric Oxide Synthase with Cytochrome c Oxidase: Implications for Brain Bioenergetics. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1534. [PMID: 38002494 PMCID: PMC10669843 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted nitric oxide production is relevant for maintaining cellular energy production, protecting against oxidative stress, regulating cell death, and promoting neuroprotection. This study aimed to characterize the putative interaction of nitric-oxide synthase with mitochondrial proteins. The primary finding of this study is that cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) subunit IV (CCOIV) is associated directly with NOS in brain mitochondria when calcium ions are present. The matrix side of CCOIV binds to the N-terminus of NOS, supported by the abrogation of the binding by antibodies towards the N-terminus of NOS. Evidence supporting the interaction between CCOIV and NOS was provided by the coimmunoprecipitation of NOS from detergent-solubilized whole rat brain mitochondria with antibodies to CCOIV and the coimmunoprecipitation of CCOIV from crude brain NOS preparations using antibodies to NOS. The CCOIV domain that interacts with NOS was identified using a series of overlapping peptides derived from the primary sequence of CCOIV. As calcium ions not only activate NOS, but also facilitate the docking of NOS to CCOIV, this study points to a dynamic mechanism of controlling the bioenergetics by calcium changes, thereby adapting bioenergetics to cellular demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Haynes
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute UCDH, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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10
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Jiang X, Xu Z, Jiang S, Wang H, Xiao M, Shi Y, Wang K. PDZ and LIM Domain-Encoding Genes: Their Role in Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5042. [PMID: 37894409 PMCID: PMC10605254 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PDZ-LIM family proteins (PDLIMs) are a kind of scaffolding proteins that contain PDZ and LIM interaction domains. As protein-protein interacting molecules, PDZ and LIM domains function as scaffolds to bind to a variety of proteins. The PDLIMs are composed of evolutionarily conserved proteins found throughout different species. They can participate in cell signal transduction by mediating the interaction of signal molecules. They are involved in many important physiological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and the maintenance of cellular structural integrity. Studies have shown that dysregulation of the PDLIMs leads to tumor formation and development. In this paper, we review and integrate the current knowledge on PDLIMs. The structure and function of the PDZ and LIM structural domains and the role of the PDLIMs in tumor development are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yueli Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China; (X.J.); (Z.X.); (S.J.); (H.W.); (M.X.)
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China; (X.J.); (Z.X.); (S.J.); (H.W.); (M.X.)
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11
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Huang YQ, Gu X, Chen X, Du YT, Chen BC, Sun FY. BMECs Ameliorate High Glucose-Induced Morphological Aberrations and Synaptic Dysfunction via VEGF-Mediated Modulation of Glucose Uptake in Cortical Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3575-3592. [PMID: 37418138 PMCID: PMC10477237 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that diabetes cause neurite degeneration in the brain and cognitive impairment and neurovascular interactions are crucial for maintaining brain function. However, the role of vascular endothelial cells in neurite outgrowth and synaptic formation in diabetic brain is still unclear. Therefore, present study investigated effects of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) on high glucose (HG)-induced neuritic dystrophy using a coculture model of BMECs with neurons. Multiple immunofluorescence labelling and western blot analysis were used to detect neurite outgrowth and synapsis formation, and living cell imaging was used to detect uptake function of neuronal glucose transporters. We found cocultured with BMECs significantly reduced HG-induced inhibition of neurites outgrowth (including length and branch formation) and delayed presynaptic and postsynaptic development, as well as reduction of neuronal glucose uptake capacity, which was prevented by pre-treatment with SU1498, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor antagonist. To analyse the possible mechanism, we collected BMECs cultured condition medium (B-CM) to treat the neurons under HG culture condition. The results showed that B-CM showed the same effects as BMEC on HG-treated neurons. Furthermore, we observed VEGF administration could ameliorate HG-induced neuronal morphology aberrations. Putting together, present results suggest that cerebral microvascular endothelial cells protect against hyperglycaemia-induced neuritic dystrophy and restorate neuronal glucose uptake capacity by activation of VEGF receptors and endothelial VEGF release. This result help us to understand important roles of neurovascular coupling in pathogenesis of diabetic brain, providing a new strategy to study therapy or prevention for diabetic dementia. Hyperglycaemia induced inhibition of neuronal glucose uptake and impaired to neuritic outgrowth and synaptogenesis. Cocultured with BMECs/B-CM and VEGF treatment protected HG-induced inhibition of glucose uptake and neuritic outgrowth and synaptogenesis, which was antagonized by blockade of VEGF receptors. Reduction of glucose uptake may further deteriorate impairment of neurites outgrowth and synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Huang
- Department of Neurobiology and Research Institute for Aging and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Gu
- Department of Neurobiology and Research Institute for Aging and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Research Institute for Aging and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ting Du
- Department of Neurobiology and Research Institute for Aging and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Chi Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Research Institute for Aging and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Yan Sun
- Department of Neurobiology and Research Institute for Aging and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yi-Xue-Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Zhu ML, Zhang J, Guo LJ, Yue RZ, Li SS, Cui BY, Guo S, Niu QQ, Yu YN, Wang HH, Yang L, Yin YL, Wang SX, Zhan HQ, Gao ZT, Li P. Amorphous selenium inhibits oxidative stress injury of neurons in vascular dementia rats by activating NMDAR pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175874. [PMID: 37394029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) is one of the most common causes of dementia, taking account for about 20% of all cases. Although studies have found that selenium supplementation can improve the cognitive ability of Alzheimer's patients, there is currently no research on the cognitive impairment caused by VD. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of Amorphous selenium nanodots (A SeNDs) in the prevention of VD. The bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) method was used to establish a VD model. The neuroprotective effect of A SeNDs was evaluated by Morris water maze, Transcranial Doppler TCD, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Neuron-specific nuclear protein (Neu N) staining and Golgi staining. Detect the expression levels of oxidative stress and Calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR2A, and postsynaptic dense protein 95 (PSD95). Finally, measure the concentration of calcium ions in neuronal cells. The results showed that A SeNDs could significantly improve the learning and memory ability of VD rats, restore the posterior arterial blood flow of the brain, improve the neuronal morphology and dendritic remodeling of pyramidal cells in hippocampal CA1 area, reduce the level of oxidative stress in VD rats, increase the expression of NR2A, PSD95, CaMK II proteins and reduce intracellular calcium ion concentration, but the addition of selective NR2A antagonist NVP-AAMO77 eliminated these benefits. It suggests that A SeNDs may improve cognitive dysfunction in vascular dementia rats by regulating the NMDAR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Li Zhu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, College of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, College of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Li-Juan Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453119, China
| | - Rui-Zhu Yue
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, College of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, College of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Bao-Yue Cui
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, College of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Qian-Qian Niu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, College of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, College of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Huan-Huan Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, College of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Ya-Ling Yin
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, College of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Shuang-Xi Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, College of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - He-Qin Zhan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, College of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Zhi-Tao Gao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, College of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
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13
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Castro-Cruz M, Lembo F, Borg JP, Travé G, Vincentelli R, Zimmermann P. The Human PDZome 2.0: Characterization of a New Resource to Test for PDZ Interactions by Yeast Two-Hybrid. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:737. [PMID: 37623798 PMCID: PMC10456741 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
PSD95-disc large-zonula occludens (PDZ) domains are globular modules of 80-90 amino acids that co-evolved with multicellularity. They commonly bind to carboxy-terminal sequences of a plethora of membrane-associated proteins and influence their trafficking and signaling. We previously built a PDZ resource (PDZome) allowing us to unveil human PDZ interactions by Yeast two-hybrid. Yet, this resource is incomplete according to the current knowledge on the human PDZ proteome. Here we built the PDZome 2.0 library for Yeast two-hybrid, based on a PDZ library manually curated from online resources. The PDZome2.0 contains 305 individual clones (266 PDZ domains in isolation and 39 tandems), for which all boundaries were designed based on available PDZ structures. Using as bait the E6 oncoprotein from HPV16, a known promiscuous PDZ interactor, we show that PDZome 2.0 outperforms the previous resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Castro-Cruz
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France;
| | - Frédérique Lembo
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France;
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Marseille Proteomics Platform, CRCM, Institute Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, 13009 Marseille, France;
| | - Gilles Travé
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2015, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258/CNRS UMR 7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France;
| | - Renaud Vincentelli
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France;
| | - Pascale Zimmermann
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix-Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France;
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14
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Jia X, Zhu J, Bian X, Liu S, Yu S, Liang W, Jiang L, Mao R, Zhang W, Rao Y. Importance of glutamine in synaptic vesicles revealed by functional studies of SLC6A17 and its mutations pathogenic for intellectual disability. eLife 2023; 12:RP86972. [PMID: 37440432 PMCID: PMC10393021 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mutations in the gene encoding the solute carrier (SLC) 6A17 caused intellectual disability (ID). The physiological role of SLC6A17 and pathogenesis of SLC6A17-based-ID were both unclear. Here, we report learning deficits in Slc6a17 knockout and point mutant mice. Biochemistry, proteomic, and electron microscopy (EM) support SLC6A17 protein localization in synaptic vesicles (SVs). Chemical analysis of SVs by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) revealed glutamine (Gln) in SVs containing SLC6A17. Virally mediated overexpression of SLC6A17 increased Gln in SVs. Either genetic or virally mediated targeting of Slc6a17 reduced Gln in SVs. One ID mutation caused SLC6A17 mislocalization while the other caused defective Gln transport. Multidisciplinary approaches with seven types of genetically modified mice have shown Gln as an endogenous substrate of SLC6A17, uncovered Gln as a new molecule in SVs, established the necessary and sufficient roles of SLC6A17 in Gln transport into SVs, and suggested SV Gln decrease as the key pathogenetic mechanism in human ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Jia
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- Changping LaboratoryBeijingChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiemin Zhu
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiling Bian
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | | | - Sihan Yu
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
| | | | - Lifen Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenChina
| | - Renbo Mao
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yi Rao
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- Changping LaboratoryBeijingChina
- Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Biology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenChina
- Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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15
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Parisi MJ, Aimino MA, Mosca TJ. A conditional strategy for cell-type-specific labeling of endogenous excitatory synapses in Drosophila. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100477. [PMID: 37323572 PMCID: PMC10261928 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemical neurotransmission occurs at specialized contacts where neurotransmitter release machinery apposes neurotransmitter receptors to underlie circuit function. A series of complex events underlies pre- and postsynaptic protein recruitment to neuronal connections. To better study synaptic development in individual neurons, we need cell-type-specific strategies to visualize endogenous synaptic proteins. Although presynaptic strategies exist, postsynaptic proteins remain less studied because of a paucity of cell-type-specific reagents. To study excitatory postsynapses with cell-type specificity, we engineered dlg1[4K], a conditionally labeled marker of Drosophila excitatory postsynaptic densities. With binary expression systems, dlg1[4K] labels central and peripheral postsynapses in larvae and adults. Using dlg1[4K], we find that distinct rules govern postsynaptic organization in adult neurons, multiple binary expression systems can concurrently label pre- and postsynapse in a cell-type-specific manner, and neuronal DLG1 can sometimes localize presynaptically. These results validate our strategy for conditional postsynaptic labeling and demonstrate principles of synaptic organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Parisi
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Michael A. Aimino
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Timothy J. Mosca
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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16
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Tahti EF, Blount JM, Jackson SN, Gao M, Gill NP, Smith SN, Pederson NJ, Rumph SN, Struyvenberg SA, Mackley IGP, Madden DR, Amacher JF. Additive energetic contributions of multiple peptide positions determine the relative promiscuity of viral and human sequences for PDZ domain targets. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4611. [PMID: 36851847 PMCID: PMC10022582 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions that involve recognition of short peptides are critical in cellular processes. Protein-peptide interaction surface areas are relatively small and shallow, and there are often overlapping specificities in families of peptide-binding domains. Therefore, dissecting selectivity determinants can be challenging. PDZ domains are a family of peptide-binding domains located in several intracellular signaling and trafficking pathways. These domains are also directly targeted by pathogens, and a hallmark of many oncogenic viral proteins is a PDZ-binding motif. However, amidst sequences that target PDZ domains, there is a wide spectrum in relative promiscuity. For example, the viral HPV16 E6 oncoprotein recognizes over double the number of PDZ domain-containing proteins as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the cell, despite similar PDZ targeting-sequences and identical motif residues. Here, we determine binding affinities for PDZ domains known to bind either HPV16 E6 alone or both CFTR and HPV16 E6, using peptides matching WT and hybrid sequences. We also use energy minimization to model PDZ-peptide complexes and use sequence analyses to investigate this difference. We find that while the majority of single mutations had marginal effects on overall affinity, the additive effect on the free energy of binding accurately describes the selectivity observed. Taken together, our results describe how complex and differing PDZ interactomes can be programmed in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise F. Tahti
- Department of ChemistryWestern Washington UniversityBellinghamWashingtonUSA
| | - Jadon M. Blount
- Department of ChemistryWestern Washington UniversityBellinghamWashingtonUSA
| | - Sophie N. Jackson
- Department of ChemistryWestern Washington UniversityBellinghamWashingtonUSA
| | - Melody Gao
- Department of ChemistryWestern Washington UniversityBellinghamWashingtonUSA
| | - Nicholas P. Gill
- Department of BiochemistryGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverNew HampshireUSA
| | - Sarah N. Smith
- Department of ChemistryWestern Washington UniversityBellinghamWashingtonUSA
| | - Nick J. Pederson
- Department of ChemistryWestern Washington UniversityBellinghamWashingtonUSA
| | | | | | - Iain G. P. Mackley
- Department of ChemistryWestern Washington UniversityBellinghamWashingtonUSA
| | - Dean R. Madden
- Department of BiochemistryGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverNew HampshireUSA
| | - Jeanine F. Amacher
- Department of ChemistryWestern Washington UniversityBellinghamWashingtonUSA
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17
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Bortolami A, Yu W, Forzisi E, Ercan K, Kadakia R, Murugan M, Fedele D, Estevez I, Boison D, Rasin MR, Sesti F. Integrin-KCNB1 potassium channel complexes regulate neocortical neuronal development and are implicated in epilepsy. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:687-701. [PMID: 36207442 PMCID: PMC9984485 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K+) channels are robustly expressed during prenatal brain development, including in progenitor cells and migrating neurons, but their function is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of voltage-gated K+ channel KCNB1 (Kv2.1) in neocortical development. Neuronal migration of glutamatergic neurons was impaired in the neocortices of KCNB1 null mice. Migratory defects persisted into the adult brains, along with disrupted morphology and synaptic connectivity. Mice developed seizure phenotype, anxiety, and compulsive behavior. To determine whether defective KCNB1 can give rise to developmental channelopathy, we constructed Knock In (KI) mice, harboring the gene variant Kcnb1R312H (R312H mice) found in children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). The R312H mice exhibited a similar phenotype to the null mice. Wild type (WT) and R312H KCNB1 channels made complexes with integrins α5β5 (Integrin_K+ channel_Complexes, IKCs), whose biochemical signaling was impaired in R312H brains. Treatment with Angiotensin II in vitro, an agonist of Focal Adhesion kinase, a key component of IKC signaling machinery, corrected the neuronal abnormalities. Thus, a genetic mutation in a K+ channel induces severe neuromorphological abnormalities through non-conducting mechanisms, that can be rescued by pharmacological intervention. This underscores a previously unknown role of IKCs as key players in neuronal development, and implicate developmental channelopathies in the etiology of DEEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bortolami
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Elena Forzisi
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Koray Ercan
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ritik Kadakia
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Madhuvika Murugan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Denise Fedele
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Irving Estevez
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Detlev Boison
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Mladen-Roko Rasin
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Federico Sesti
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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18
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Yang XY, Geng L, Li R, Song JX, Jia CL, An JR, Sun MF, Xu S, Guo YJ, Zhao Y, Ji ES. Huperzine A-Liposomes Efficiently Improve Neural Injury in the Hippocampus of Mice with Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:843-859. [PMID: 36824413 PMCID: PMC9942512 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s393346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) could cause neuronal damage, accelerating the progression of dementia. However, safe and effective therapeutic drugs and delivery are needed for successful CIH therapy. Purpose To investigate the neuroprotective effect of Huperzine A (HuA) packaged with nanoliposomes (HuA-LIP) on neuronal damage induced by CIH. Methods The stability and release of HuA-LIP in vitro were identified. Mice were randomly divided into the Control, CIH, HuA-LIP, and HuA groups. The mice in the HuA and HuA-LIP groups received HuA (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), and HuA-LIP was administered during CIH exposure for 21 days. HuA-LIP contains the equivalent content of HuA. Results We prepared a novel formulation of HuA-LIP that had good stability and controlled release. First, HuA-LIP significantly ameliorated cognitive dysfunction and neuronal damage in CIH mice. Second, HuA-LIP elevated T-SOD and GSH-Px abilities and decreased MDA content to resist oxidative stress damage induced by CIH. Furthermore, HuA-LIP reduced brain iron levels by downregulating TfR1, hepcidin, and FTL expression. In addition, HuA-LIP activated the PKAα/Erk/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway and elevated MAP2, PSD95, and synaptophysin to improve synaptic plasticity. Most importantly, compared with HuA, HuA-LIP showed a superior performance against neuronal damage induced by CIH. Conclusion HuA-LIP has a good sustained-release effect and targeting ability and efficiently protects against neural injury caused by CIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Yang
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lina Geng
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ronghui Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Xian Song
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui-Ling Jia
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Ren An
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Fan Sun
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Xu
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jing Guo
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yashuo Zhao
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - En-Sheng Ji
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Nozawa O, Miyata M, Shiotani H, Kameyama T, Komaki R, Shimizu T, Kuriu T, Kashiwagi Y, Sato Y, Koebisu M, Aiba A, Okabe S, Mizutani K, Takai Y. Necl2/3-mediated mechanism for tripartite synapse formation. Development 2023; 150:285820. [PMID: 36458527 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Ramified, polarized protoplasmic astrocytes interact with synapses via perisynaptic astrocyte processes (PAPs) to form tripartite synapses. These astrocyte-synapse interactions mutually regulate their structures and functions. However, molecular mechanisms for tripartite synapse formation remain elusive. We developed an in vitro co-culture system for mouse astrocytes and neurons that induced astrocyte ramifications and PAP formation. Co-cultured neurons were required for astrocyte ramifications in a neuronal activity-dependent manner, and synaptically-released glutamate and activation of astrocytic mGluR5 metabotropic glutamate receptor were likely involved in astrocyte ramifications. Astrocytic Necl2 trans-interacted with axonal Necl3, inducing astrocyte-synapse interactions and astrocyte functional polarization by recruiting EAAT1/2 glutamate transporters and Kir4.1 K+ channel to the PAPs, without affecting astrocyte ramifications. This Necl2/3 trans-interaction increased functional synapse number. Thus, astrocytic Necl2, synaptically-released glutamate and axonal Necl3 cooperatively formed tripartite glutamatergic synapses in vitro. Studies on hippocampal mossy fiber synapses in Necl3 knockout and Necl2/3 double knockout mice confirmed these previously unreported mechanisms for astrocyte-synapse interactions and astrocyte functional polarization in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Nozawa
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Muneaki Miyata
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hajime Shiotani
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kameyama
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Ryouhei Komaki
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shimizu
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kuriu
- Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Research and Development Center, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kashiwagi
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuka Sato
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Michinori Koebisu
- Section of Animal Research and Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Section of Animal Research and Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shigeo Okabe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Mizutani
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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20
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Dysregulated Signaling at Postsynaptic Density: A Systematic Review and Translational Appraisal for the Pathophysiology, Clinics, and Antipsychotics' Treatment of Schizophrenia. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040574. [PMID: 36831241 PMCID: PMC9954794 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence from genomics, post-mortem, and preclinical studies point to a potential dysregulation of molecular signaling at postsynaptic density (PSD) in schizophrenia pathophysiology. The PSD that identifies the archetypal asymmetric synapse is a structure of approximately 300 nm in diameter, localized behind the neuronal membrane in the glutamatergic synapse, and constituted by more than 1000 proteins, including receptors, adaptors, kinases, and scaffold proteins. Furthermore, using FASS (fluorescence-activated synaptosome sorting) techniques, glutamatergic synaptosomes were isolated at around 70 nm, where the receptors anchored to the PSD proteins can diffuse laterally along the PSD and were stabilized by scaffold proteins in nanodomains of 50-80 nm at a distance of 20-40 nm creating "nanocolumns" within the synaptic button. In this context, PSD was envisioned as a multimodal hub integrating multiple signaling-related intracellular functions. Dysfunctions of glutamate signaling have been postulated in schizophrenia, starting from the glutamate receptor's interaction with scaffolding proteins involved in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Despite the emerging role of PSD proteins in behavioral disorders, there is currently no systematic review that integrates preclinical and clinical findings addressing dysregulated PSD signaling and translational implications for antipsychotic treatment in the aberrant postsynaptic function context. Here we reviewed a critical appraisal of the role of dysregulated PSD proteins signaling in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, discussing how antipsychotics may affect PSD structures and synaptic plasticity in brain regions relevant to psychosis.
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21
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Tahti EF, Blount JM, Jackson SN, Gao M, Gill NP, Smith SN, Pederson NJ, Rumph SN, Struyvenberg SA, Mackley IGP, Madden DR, Amacher JF. Additive energetic contributions of multiple peptide positions determine the relative promiscuity of viral and human sequences for PDZ domain targets. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2022.12.31.522388. [PMID: 36711692 PMCID: PMC9881875 DOI: 10.1101/2022.12.31.522388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions that include recognition of short sequences of amino acids, or peptides, are critical in cellular processes. Protein-peptide interaction surface areas are relatively small and shallow, and there are often overlapping specificities in families of peptide-binding domains. Therefore, dissecting selectivity determinants can be challenging. PDZ domains are an example of a peptide-binding domain located in several intracellular signaling and trafficking pathways, which form interactions critical for the regulation of receptor endocytic trafficking, tight junction formation, organization of supramolecular complexes in neurons, and other biological systems. These domains are also directly targeted by pathogens, and a hallmark of many oncogenic viral proteins is a PDZ-binding motif. However, amidst sequences that target PDZ domains, there is a wide spectrum in relative promiscuity. For example, the viral HPV16 E6 oncoprotein recognizes over double the number of PDZ domain-containing proteins as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the cell, despite similar PDZ targeting-sequences and identical motif residues. Here, we determine binding affinities for PDZ domains known to bind either HPV16 E6 alone or both CFTR and HPV16 E6, using peptides matching WT and hybrid sequences. We also use energy minimization to model PDZ-peptide complexes and use sequence analyses to investigate this difference. We find that while the majority of single mutations had a marginal effect on overall affinity, the additive effect on the free energy of binding accurately describes the selectivity observed. Taken together, our results describe how complex and differing PDZ interactomes can be programmed in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise F. Tahti
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Jadon M. Blount
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Sophie N. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Melody Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas P. Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Sarah N. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Nick J. Pederson
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Simone N. Rumph
- Department of Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, USA
| | | | - Iain G. P. Mackley
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Dean R. Madden
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Jeanine F. Amacher
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
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22
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Plaza-Diaz J, Radar AM, Baig AT, Leyba MF, Costabel MM, Zavala-Crichton JP, Sanchez-Martinez J, MacKenzie AE, Solis-Urra P. Physical Activity, Gut Microbiota, and Genetic Background for Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1834. [PMID: 36553278 PMCID: PMC9777368 DOI: 10.3390/children9121834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that one in 100 children worldwide has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children with ASD frequently suffer from gut dysbiosis and gastrointestinal issues, findings which possibly play a role in the pathogenesis and/or severity of their condition. Physical activity may have a positive effect on the composition of the intestinal microbiota of healthy adults. However, the effect of exercise both on the gastrointestinal problems and intestinal microbiota (and thus possibly on ASD) itself in affected children is unknown. In terms of understanding the physiopathology and manifestations of ASD, analysis of the gut-brain axis holds some promise. Here, we discuss the physiopathology of ASD in terms of genetics and microbiota composition, and how physical activity may be a promising non-pharmaceutical approach to improve ASD-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Mei Radar
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Aiman Tariq Baig
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Marcos Federico Leyba
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Maria Macarena Costabel
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | | | - Javier Sanchez-Martinez
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Viña del Mar 2520298, Chile
| | - Alex E. MacKenzie
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Patricio Solis-Urra
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2531015, Chile
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
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23
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Roberts RC, McCollum LA, Schoonover KE, Mabry SJ, Roche JK, Lahti AC. Ultrastructural evidence for glutamatergic dysregulation in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2022; 249:4-15. [PMID: 32014360 PMCID: PMC7392793 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to summarize ultrastructural evidence for glutamatergic dysregulation in several linked regions in postmortem schizophrenia brain. Following a brief summary of glutamate circuitry and how synapses are identified at the electron microscopic (EM) level, we will review EM pathology in the cortex and basal ganglia. We will include the effects of antipsychotic drugs and the relation of treatment response. We will discuss how these findings support or confirm other postmortem findings as well as imaging results. Briefly, synaptic and mitochondrial density in anterior cingulate cortex was decreased in schizophrenia, versus normal controls (NCs), in a selective layer specific pattern. In dorsal striatum, increases in excitatory synaptic density were detected in caudate matrix, a compartment associated with cognitive and motor function, and in the putamen patches, a region associated with limbic function and in the core of the nucleus accumbens. Patients who were treatment resistant or untreated had significantly elevated numbers of excitatory synapses in limbic striatal areas in comparison to NCs and responders. Protein levels of vGLUT2, found in subcortical glutamatergic neurons, were increased in the nucleus accumbens in schizophrenia. At the EM level, schizophrenia subjects had an increase in density of excitatory synapses in several areas of the basal ganglia. In the substantia nigra, the protein levels of vGLUT2 were elevated in untreated patients compared to NCs. The density of inhibitory synapses was decreased in schizophrenia versus NCs. In schizophrenia, glutamatergic synapses are differentially affected depending on the brain region, treatment status, and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda C Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America.
| | - Lesley A McCollum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Kirsten E Schoonover
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Samuel J Mabry
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Joy K Roche
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Adrienne C Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
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24
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Benesh JL, Mueller TM, Meador-Woodruff JH. AMPA receptor subunit localization in schizophrenia anterior cingulate cortex. Schizophr Res 2022; 249:16-24. [PMID: 32014361 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia suggests that altered glutamatergic transmission occurs in this illness, although precise mechanisms of dysregulation remain elusive. AMPA receptors (AMPARs), a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor, are the main facilitators of fast, excitatory neurotransmission in the brain, and changes in AMPAR number or composition at synapses can regulate synaptic strength and plasticity. Prior evidence of abnormal expression of transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins (TARPs) in schizophrenia suggests defective trafficking of AMPARs, which we propose could lead to altered AMPAR expression at excitatory synapses. To test this hypothesis, we isolated subcellular fractions enriched for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and synapses from anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) from schizophrenia (N = 18) and comparison (N = 18) subjects, and measured glutamate receptor subunits (GluA1, GluA2, GluA3, GluA4, NR1, NR2A, NR2B, and NR3A) and TARP member γ2 (stargazin) in homogenates and subcellular fractions by western blot analysis. We found decreased expression of stargazin and an increased ratio of GluA2:stargazin in ACC homogenates, while in the synapse fraction we identified a decrease in GluA1 and reduced ratios of GluA1:stargazin and GluA1:GluA2 in schizophrenia. The amount of stargazin in the ER fraction was not different, but the relative amount of ER/Total stargazin was increased in schizophrenia. Together, these findings suggest that associations between stargazin and AMPA subunits are abnormal, potentially affecting forward trafficking or synaptic stability of GluA1-containing AMPARs. These data provide evidence that altered interactions with trafficking proteins may contribute to glutamate dysregulation in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana L Benesh
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, 1720 2nd Ave S., Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Toni M Mueller
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, 1720 2nd Ave S., Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America.
| | - James H Meador-Woodruff
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, 1720 2nd Ave S., Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
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25
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Juan SMA, Daglas M, Adlard PA. Altered amyloid precursor protein, tau-regulatory proteins, neuronal numbers and behaviour, but no tau pathology, synaptic and inflammatory changes or memory deficits, at 1 month following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5342-5367. [PMID: 35768153 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury, commonly experienced following sports injuries, results in various secondary injury processes and is increasingly recognised as a risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative conditions such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy, which is characterised by tau pathology. We aimed to characterise the underlying pathological mechanisms that might contribute to the onset of neurodegeneration and behavioural changes in the less-explored subacute (1-month) period following single or repetitive controlled cortical impact injury (five impacts, 48 h apart) in 12-week-old male and female C57Bl6 mice. We conducted motor and cognitive testing, extensively characterised the status of tau and its regulatory proteins via western blot and quantified neuronal populations using stereology. We report that r-mTBI resulted in neurobehavioural deficits, gait impairments and anxiety-like behaviour at 1 month post-injury, effects not seen following a single injury. R-mTBI caused a significant increase in amyloid precursor protein, an increased trend towards tau phosphorylation and significant changes in kinase/phosphatase proteins that may promote a downstream increase in tau phosphorylation, but no changes in synaptic or neuroinflammatory markers. Lastly, we report neuronal loss in various brain regions following both single and repeat injuries. We demonstrate herein that repeated impacts are required to promote the initiation of a cascade of biochemical events that are consistent with the onset of neurodegeneration subacutely post-injury. Identifying the timeframe in which these changes occur and the pathological mechanisms involved will be crucial for the development of future therapeutics to prevent the onset or mitigate the progression of neurodegeneration following r-mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney M A Juan
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Melbourne Dementia Research Centre and The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maria Daglas
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Melbourne Dementia Research Centre and The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul A Adlard
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Melbourne Dementia Research Centre and The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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26
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Qi C, Luo LD, Feng I, Ma S. Molecular mechanisms of synaptogenesis. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:939793. [PMID: 36176941 PMCID: PMC9513053 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.939793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are the basic units for information processing and storage in the nervous system. It is only when the synaptic connection is established, that it becomes meaningful to discuss the structure and function of a circuit. In humans, our unparalleled cognitive abilities are correlated with an increase in the number of synapses. Additionally, genes involved in synaptogenesis are also frequently associated with neurological or psychiatric disorders, suggesting a relationship between synaptogenesis and brain physiology and pathology. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms of synaptogenesis is the key to the mystery of circuit assembly and neural computation. Furthermore, it would provide therapeutic insights for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Multiple molecular events must be precisely coordinated to generate a synapse. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptogenesis, we need to know the molecular components of synapses, how these molecular components are held together, and how the molecular networks are refined in response to neural activity to generate new synapses. Thanks to the intensive investigations in this field, our understanding of the process of synaptogenesis has progressed significantly. Here, we will review the molecular mechanisms of synaptogenesis by going over the studies on the identification of molecular components in synapses and their functions in synaptogenesis, how cell adhesion molecules connect these synaptic molecules together, and how neural activity mobilizes these molecules to generate new synapses. Finally, we will summarize the human-specific regulatory mechanisms in synaptogenesis and results from human genetics studies on synaptogenesis and brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Qi
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- *Correspondence: Cai Qi,
| | - Li-Da Luo
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Irena Feng
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shaojie Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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27
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Kozlova A, Zhang S, Kotlar AV, Jamison B, Zhang H, Shi S, Forrest MP, McDaid J, Cutler DJ, Epstein MP, Zwick ME, Pang ZP, Sanders AR, Warren ST, Gejman PV, Mulle JG, Duan J. Loss of function of OTUD7A in the schizophrenia- associated 15q13.3 deletion impairs synapse development and function in human neurons. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1500-1519. [PMID: 35931052 PMCID: PMC9388388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying causative gene(s) within disease-associated large genomic regions of copy-number variants (CNVs) is challenging. Here, by targeted sequencing of genes within schizophrenia (SZ)-associated CNVs in 1,779 SZ cases and 1,418 controls, we identified three rare putative loss-of-function (LoF) mutations in OTU deubiquitinase 7A (OTUD7A) within the 15q13.3 deletion in cases but none in controls. To tie OTUD7A LoF with any SZ-relevant cellular phenotypes, we modeled the OTUD7A LoF mutation, rs757148409, in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived induced excitatory neurons (iNs) by CRISPR-Cas9 engineering. The mutant iNs showed a ∼50% decrease in OTUD7A expression without undergoing nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. The mutant iNs also exhibited marked reduction of dendritic complexity, density of synaptic proteins GluA1 and PSD-95, and neuronal network activity. Congruent with the neuronal phenotypes in mutant iNs, our transcriptomic analysis showed that the set of OTUD7A LoF-downregulated genes was enriched for those relating to synapse development and function and was associated with SZ and other neuropsychiatric disorders. These results suggest that OTUD7A LoF impairs synapse development and neuronal function in human neurons, providing mechanistic insight into the possible role of OTUD7A in driving neuropsychiatric phenotypes associated with the 15q13.3 deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Kozlova
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alex V Kotlar
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Pillar Biosciences Inc., Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Brendan Jamison
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Serena Shi
- Winston Churchill High School, Potomac, MD 20854, USA
| | - Marc P Forrest
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John McDaid
- Department of Neurosurgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - David J Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael P Epstein
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael E Zwick
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Senior Vice President for Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Zhiping P Pang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Alan R Sanders
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Stephen T Warren
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Pablo V Gejman
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer G Mulle
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Jubao Duan
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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28
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Inhibition of STAT3 signal pathway recovers postsynaptic plasticity to improve cognitive impairment caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia. Sleep Breath 2022; 27:893-902. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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29
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Stachowicz K. Is PSD-95 entangled in the side effects of antidepressants? Neurochem Int 2022; 159:105391. [PMID: 35817245 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PSD-95 is a component and a building block of an excitatory synapse. PSD-95 is a specialized protein that is part of a "combination lock" system responsible for plastic events at the synapse, such as receptor expression, which consequently induces changes in the PSD structure and thus affects synaptic plasticity. The possible involvement of PSD-95 in antidepressant side effects related to cognitive function and psychosis will be considered. An attempt will be made to trace the sequence of events in the proposed mechanism leading to these disorders, focusing mainly on NMDA receptors. Understanding the mechanisms of action of compounds with antidepressant potential may facilitate the design of safer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Stachowicz
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna, 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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30
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Excoffon KJDA, Avila CL, Alghamri MS, Kolawole AO. The magic of MAGI-1: A scaffolding protein with multi signalosomes and functional plasticity. Biol Cell 2022; 114:185-198. [PMID: 35389514 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MAGI-1 is a critical cellular scaffolding protein with over 110 different cellular and microbial protein interactors. Since the discovery of MAGI-1 in 1997, MAGI-1 has been implicated in diverse cellular functions such as polarity, cell-cell communication, neurological processes, kidney function, and a host of diseases including cancer and microbial infection. Additionally, MAGI-1 has undergone nomenclature changes in response to the discovery of an additional PDZ domain, leading to lack of continuity in the literature. We address the nomenclature of MAGI-1 as well as summarize many of the critical functions of the known interactions. Given the importance of many of the interactors, such as human papillomavirus E6, the Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), and PTEN, the enhancement or disruption of MAGI-based interactions has the potential to affect cellular functions that can potentially be harnessed as a therapeutic strategy for a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina L Avila
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Mahmoud S Alghamri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Abimbola O Kolawole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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31
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Hirano M, Ando R, Shimozono S, Sugiyama M, Takeda N, Kurokawa H, Deguchi R, Endo K, Haga K, Takai-Todaka R, Inaura S, Matsumura Y, Hama H, Okada Y, Fujiwara T, Morimoto T, Katayama K, Miyawaki A. A highly photostable and bright green fluorescent protein. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:1132-1142. [PMID: 35468954 PMCID: PMC9287174 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The low photostability of fluorescent proteins is a limiting factor in many applications of fluorescence microscopy. Here we present StayGold, a green fluorescent protein (GFP) derived from the jellyfish Cytaeis uchidae. StayGold is over one order of magnitude more photostable than any currently available fluorescent protein and has a cellular brightness similar to mNeonGreen. We used StayGold to image the dynamics of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with high spatiotemporal resolution over several minutes using structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and observed substantially less photobleaching than with a GFP variant optimized for stability in the ER. Using StayGold fusions and SIM, we also imaged the dynamics of mitochondrial fusion and fission and mapped the viral spike proteins in fixed cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. As StayGold is a dimer, we created a tandem dimer version that allowed us to observe the dynamics of microtubules and the excitatory post-synaptic density in neurons. StayGold will substantially reduce the limitations imposed by photobleaching, especially in live cell or volumetric imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Hirano
- Biotechnological Optics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryoko Ando
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimozono
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mayu Sugiyama
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Noriyo Takeda
- Asamushi Research Center for Marine Biology, Tohoku University, Aomori, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurokawa
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryusaku Deguchi
- Department of Biology, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuki Endo
- Department of Biology, Miyagi University of Education, Sendai, Japan
- Narita Elementary School, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kei Haga
- Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Takai-Todaka
- Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuta Matsumura
- Safety Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hama
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okada
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity Regulation, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Physics, UBI and WPI-IRCN, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fujiwara
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Katayama
- Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Biotechnological Optics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan.
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.
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32
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Natalwala A, Behbehani R, Yapom R, Kunath T. An Isogenic Collection of Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines With Elevated α-Synuclein Expression Validated for Neural Induction and Cortical Neuron Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:898560. [PMID: 35712660 PMCID: PMC9196909 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.898560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αSyn) is a small, disordered protein that becomes aggregated in Lewy body diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) potentially provide a tractable disease model to monitor early molecular changes associated with PD/DLB. We and others have previously derived hiPSC lines from patients with duplication and triplication of the SNCA gene, encoding for αSyn. It is now recognised that to perform meaningful disease modelling with these hiPSC lines, it is critical to generate isogenic control cell lines that lack the disease causing mutations. In order to complement the existing and emerging hiPSC models for PD/DLB, we have generated an allelic series of αSyn over-expressing hESC lines on the same isogenic background. An unresolved question is whether pluripotent stem cell lines, with elevated levels of αSyn, can undergo efficient differentiation into dopaminergic and cortical neurons to model PD and DLB, respectively. We took advantage of our isogenic collection of hESC lines to determine if increased expression of αSyn affects neural induction and neuronal differentiation. Clonal hESC lines with significantly different levels of αSyn expression proliferated normally and maintained expression of pluripotent markers, such as OCT4. All cell lines efficiently produced PAX6+ neuroectoderm and there was no correlation between αSyn expression and neural induction efficiency. Finally, global transcriptomic analysis of cortical differentiation of hESC lines with low or high levels of αSyn expression demonstrated robust and similar induction of cortical neuronal expression profiles. Gene expression differences observed were unrelated to neural induction and neuronal differentiation. We conclude that elevated expression of αSyn in human pluripotent stem cells does not adversely affect their neuronal differentiation potential and that collections of isogenic cell lines with differing levels of αSyn expression are valid and suitable models to investigate synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Natalwala
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square House, London, United Kingdom,Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom,Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Ammar Natalwala, ; Tilo Kunath,
| | - Ranya Behbehani
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ratsuda Yapom
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tilo Kunath
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Ammar Natalwala, ; Tilo Kunath,
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33
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Roig SR, Cassinelli S, Navarro-Pérez M, Pérez-Verdaguer M, Estadella I, Capera J, Felipe A. S-acylation-dependent membrane microdomain localization of the regulatory Kvβ2.1 subunit. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:230. [PMID: 35396942 PMCID: PMC8994742 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The voltage-dependent potassium (Kv) channel Kvβ family was the first identified group of modulators of Kv channels. Kvβ regulation of the α-subunits, in addition to their aldoketoreductase activity, has been under extensive study. However, scarce information about their specific α-subunit-independent biology is available. The expression of Kvβs is ubiquitous and, similar to Kv channels, is tightly regulated in leukocytes. Although Kvβ subunits exhibit cytosolic distribution, spatial localization, in close contact with plasma membrane Kv channels, is crucial for a proper immune response. Therefore, Kvβ2.1 is located near cell surface Kv1.3 channels within the immunological synapse during lymphocyte activation. The objective of this study was to analyze the structural elements that participate in the cellular distribution of Kvβs. It was demonstrated that Kvβ peptides, in addition to the cytoplasmic pattern, targeted the cell surface in the absence of Kv channels. Furthermore, Kvβ2.1, but not Kvβ1.1, targeted lipid raft microdomains in an S-acylation-dependent manner, which was concomitant with peptide localization within the immunological synapse. A pair of C-terminal cysteines (C301/C311) was mostly responsible for the specific palmitoylation of Kvβ2.1. Several insults altered Kvβ2.1 membrane localization. Therefore, growth factor-dependent proliferation enhanced surface targeting, whereas PKC activation impaired lipid raft expression. However, PSD95 stabilized Kvβ2.1 in these domains. This data shed light on the molecular mechanism by which Kvβ2.1 clusters into immunological synapses during leukocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Roig
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Imaging Core Facility, Biozentrum University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Cassinelli
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Navarro-Pérez
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Pérez-Verdaguer
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Irene Estadella
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesusa Capera
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Antonio Felipe
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Dempsey WP, Du Z, Nadtochiy A, Smith CD, Czajkowski K, Andreev A, Robson DN, Li JM, Applebaum S, Truong TV, Kesselman C, Fraser SE, Arnold DB. Regional synapse gain and loss accompany memory formation in larval zebrafish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2107661119. [PMID: 35031564 PMCID: PMC8784156 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107661119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining the structural and functional changes in the nervous system underlying learning and memory represents a major challenge for modern neuroscience. Although changes in neuronal activity following memory formation have been studied [B. F. Grewe et al., Nature 543, 670-675 (2017); M. T. Rogan, U. V. Stäubli, J. E. LeDoux, Nature 390, 604-607 (1997)], the underlying structural changes at the synapse level remain poorly understood. Here, we capture synaptic changes in the midlarval zebrafish brain that occur during associative memory formation by imaging excitatory synapses labeled with recombinant probes using selective plane illumination microscopy. Imaging the same subjects before and after classical conditioning at single-synapse resolution provides an unbiased mapping of synaptic changes accompanying memory formation. In control animals and animals that failed to learn the task, there were no significant changes in the spatial patterns of synapses in the pallium, which contains the equivalent of the mammalian amygdala and is essential for associative learning in teleost fish [M. Portavella, J. P. Vargas, B. Torres, C. Salas, Brain Res. Bull 57, 397-399 (2002)]. In zebrafish that formed memories, we saw a dramatic increase in the number of synapses in the ventrolateral pallium, which contains neurons active during memory formation and retrieval. Concurrently, synapse loss predominated in the dorsomedial pallium. Surprisingly, we did not observe significant changes in the intensity of synaptic labeling, a proxy for synaptic strength, with memory formation in any region of the pallium. Our results suggest that memory formation due to classical conditioning is associated with reciprocal changes in synapse numbers in the pallium.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Dempsey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Zhuowei Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Anna Nadtochiy
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Colton D Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Karl Czajkowski
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90292
| | - Andrey Andreev
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Drew N Robson
- Systems Neuroscience & Neuroengineering, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer M Li
- Systems Neuroscience & Neuroengineering, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Serina Applebaum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Thai V Truong
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Carl Kesselman
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90292
- Daniel J. Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Scott E Fraser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Don B Arnold
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089;
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Ahmed KT, Amin MR, Razmara P, Roy B, Cai R, Tang J, Chen XZ, Ali DW. Expression and Development of TARP γ-4 in Embryonic Zebrafish. Dev Neurosci 2022; 44:518-531. [PMID: 35728564 DOI: 10.1159/000525578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS is mediated by the neurotransmitter glutamate, binding to and activating AMPA receptors (AMPARs). AMPARs are known to interact with auxiliary proteins that modulate their behavior. One such family of proteins is the transmembrane AMPAR-related proteins, known as TARPs. Little is known about the role of TARPs during development or about their function in nonmammalian organisms. Here, we report on the presence of TARP γ-4 in developing zebrafish. We find that zebrafish express 2 forms of TARP γ-4: γ-4a and γ-4b as early as 12 h post-fertilization. Sequence analysis shows that both γ-4a and γ-4b shows great level of variation particularly in the intracellular C-terminal domain compared to rat, mouse, and human γ-4. RT-qPCR showed a gradual increase in the expression of γ-4a throughout the first 5 days of development, whereas γ-4b levels were constant until day 5 when levels increased significantly. Knockdown of TARP γ-4a and γ-4b via either splice-blocking morpholinos or translation-blocking morpholinos resulted in embryos that exhibited deficits in C-start escape responses, showing reduced C-bend angles. Morphant larvae displayed reduced bouts of swimming. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of AMPAR-mediated currents from Mauthner cells showed a reduction in the frequency of mEPCs but no change in amplitude or kinetics. Together, these results suggest that γ-4a and γ-4b are required for proper neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Tanveer Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Md Ruhul Amin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Parastoo Razmara
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Birbickram Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ruiqi Cai
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Declan William Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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36
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Frye HE, Izumi Y, Harris AN, Williams SB, Trousdale CR, Sun MY, Sauerbeck AD, Kummer TT, Mennerick S, Zorumski CF, Nelson EC, Dougherty JD, Morón JA. Sex Differences in the Role of CNIH3 on Spatial Memory and Synaptic Plasticity. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:766-780. [PMID: 34548146 PMCID: PMC8571071 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CNIH3 is an AMPA receptor (AMPAR) auxiliary protein prominently expressed in the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC), a region that plays a critical role in spatial memory and synaptic plasticity. However, the effects of CNIH3 on AMPAR-dependent synaptic function and behavior have not been investigated. METHODS We assessed a gain-of-function model of Cnih3 overexpression in the dHPC and generated and characterized a line of Cnih3-/- C57BL/6 mice. We assessed spatial memory through behavioral assays, protein levels of AMPAR subunits and synaptic proteins by immunoblotting, and long-term potentiation in electrophysiological recordings. We also utilized a super-resolution imaging workflow, SEQUIN (Synaptic Evaluation and Quantification by Imaging of Nanostructure), for analysis of nanoscale synaptic connectivity in the dHPC. RESULTS Overexpression of Cnih3 in the dHPC improved short-term spatial memory in female mice but not in male mice. Cnih3-/- female mice exhibited weakened short-term spatial memory, reduced dHPC synapse density, enhanced expression of calcium-impermeable AMPAR (GluA2-containing) subunits in synaptosomes, and attenuated long-term potentiation maintenance compared with Cnih3+/+ control mice; Cnih3-/- males were unaffected. Further investigation revealed that deficiencies in spatial memory and changes in AMPAR composition and synaptic plasticity were most pronounced during the metestrus phase of the estrous cycle in female Cnih3-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a novel effect of sex and estrous on CNIH3's role in spatial memory and synaptic plasticity. Manipulation of CNIH3 unmasked sexually dimorphic effects on spatial memory, synaptic function, AMPAR composition, and hippocampal plasticity. These findings reinforce the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in studies of memory and hippocampal synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Frye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Program in Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yukitoshi Izumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alexis N Harris
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sidney B Williams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Christopher R Trousdale
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Min-Yu Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew D Sauerbeck
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Terrance T Kummer
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Steven Mennerick
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Charles F Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Elliot C Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joseph D Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jose A Morón
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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37
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Nishitsuji K, Ikezaki M, Manabe S, Uchimura K, Ito Y, Ihara Y. Thrombospondin type 1 repeat-derived C-mannosylated peptide attenuates synaptogenesis of cortical neurons induced by primary astrocytes via TGF-β. Glycoconj J 2021; 39:701-710. [PMID: 34791612 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
C-Mannosylation is a rare type of protein glycosylation and is reportedly critical for the proper folding and secretion of parental proteins. Still, the effects of C-mannosylation on the biological functions of these modified proteins remain to be elucidated. The Trp-x-x-Trp (WxxW) sequences, whose first tryptophan (Trp) can be C-mannosylated, constitute the consensus motifs for this glycosylation modification and are commonly found in thrombospondin type 1 repeats that regulate molecular functions of thrombospondin 1 in binding and activation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). TGF-β plays critical roles in the control of the central nervous system including synaptogenesis. Here, we investigated whether C-mannosylation of the synthetic Trp-Ser-Pro-Trp (WSPW) peptide may confer certain functions to this peptide in TGF-β-mediated synaptogenesis. By using primary cultured rat astrocytes and cortical neurons, we found that the C-mannosylated WSPW (C-Man-WSPW) peptide, but not non-mannosylated WSPW peptide, suppressed astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM)-stimulated synaptogenesis. C-Man-WSPW peptide inhibited both ACM- and recombinant mature TGF-β1-induced activations of Smad 2, an important mediator in TGF-β signaling. Interactions of recombinant mature TGF-β with the C-Man-WSPW peptide were similar to those with non-C-mannosylated WSPW peptide. Taken together, our results reveal a novel function of C-mannosylation of the WxxW motif in signaling and synaptogenesis mediated by TGF-β. Molecular details of how C-mannosylation affects the biological functions of WxxW motifs deserve future study for clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuchika Nishitsuji
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
| | - Midori Ikezaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shino Manabe
- Laboratory of Functional Molecule Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Department and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.,Research Center for Pharmaceutical Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale Et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576, CNRS, Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Yukishige Ito
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshito Ihara
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
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Vasquez CG, de la Serna EL, Dunn AR. How cells tell up from down and stick together to construct multicellular tissues - interplay between apicobasal polarity and cell-cell adhesion. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272658. [PMID: 34714332 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarized epithelia define a topological inside and outside, and hence constitute a key evolutionary innovation that enabled the construction of complex multicellular animal life. Over time, this basic function has been elaborated upon to yield the complex architectures of many of the organs that make up the human body. The two processes necessary to yield a polarized epithelium, namely regulated adhesion between cells and the definition of the apicobasal (top-bottom) axis, have likewise undergone extensive evolutionary elaboration, resulting in multiple sophisticated protein complexes that contribute to both functions. Understanding how these components function in combination to yield the basic architecture of a polarized cell-cell junction remains a major challenge. In this Review, we introduce the main components of apicobasal polarity and cell-cell adhesion complexes, and outline what is known about their regulation and assembly in epithelia. In addition, we highlight studies that investigate the interdependence between these two networks. We conclude with an overview of strategies to address the largest and arguably most fundamental unresolved question in the field, namely how a polarized junction arises as the sum of its molecular parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia G Vasquez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eva L de la Serna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Nardella C, Visconti L, Malagrinò F, Pagano L, Bufano M, Nalli M, Coluccia A, La Regina G, Silvestri R, Gianni S, Toto A. Targeting PDZ domains as potential treatment for viral infections, neurodegeneration and cancer. Biol Direct 2021; 16:15. [PMID: 34641953 PMCID: PMC8506081 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between proteins is a fundamental event for cellular life that is generally mediated by specialized protein domains or modules. PDZ domains are the largest class of protein-protein interaction modules, involved in several cellular pathways such as signal transduction, cell-cell junctions, cell polarity and adhesion, and protein trafficking. Because of that, dysregulation of PDZ domain function often causes the onset of pathologies, thus making this family of domains an interesting pharmaceutical target. In this review article we provide an overview of the structural and functional features of PDZ domains and their involvement in the cellular and molecular pathways at the basis of different human pathologies. We also discuss some of the strategies that have been developed with the final goal to hijack or inhibit the interaction of PDZ domains with their ligands. Because of the generally low binding selectivity of PDZ domain and the scarce efficiency of small molecules in inhibiting PDZ binding, this task resulted particularly difficult to pursue and still demands increasing experimental efforts in order to become completely feasible and successful in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Nardella
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Visconti
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Pagano
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Bufano
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Nalli
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Coluccia
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Laboratory Affiliated with the Institute Pasteur Italy - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Domain Analysis and Motif Matcher (DAMM): A Program to Predict Selectivity Determinants in Monosiga brevicollis PDZ Domains Using Human PDZ Data. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196034. [PMID: 34641578 PMCID: PMC8512817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Choanoflagellates are single-celled eukaryotes with complex signaling pathways. They are considered the closest non-metazoan ancestors to mammals and other metazoans and form multicellular-like states called rosettes. The choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis contains over 150 PDZ domains, an important peptide-binding domain in all three domains of life (Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya). Therefore, an understanding of PDZ domain signaling pathways in choanoflagellates may provide insight into the origins of multicellularity. PDZ domains recognize the C-terminus of target proteins and regulate signaling and trafficking pathways, as well as cellular adhesion. Here, we developed a computational software suite, Domain Analysis and Motif Matcher (DAMM), that analyzes peptide-binding cleft sequence identity as compared with human PDZ domains and that can be used in combination with literature searches of known human PDZ-interacting sequences to predict target specificity in choanoflagellate PDZ domains. We used this program, protein biochemistry, fluorescence polarization, and structural analyses to characterize the specificity of A9UPE9_MONBE, a M. brevicollis PDZ domain-containing protein with no homology to any metazoan protein, finding that its PDZ domain is most similar to those of the DLG family. We then identified two endogenous sequences that bind A9UPE9 PDZ with <100 μM affinity, a value commonly considered the threshold for cellular PDZ-peptide interactions. Taken together, this approach can be used to predict cellular targets of previously uncharacterized PDZ domains in choanoflagellates and other organisms. Our data contribute to investigations into choanoflagellate signaling and how it informs metazoan evolution.
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Borgmeyer M, Coman C, Has C, Schött HF, Li T, Westhoff P, Cheung YFH, Hoffmann N, Yuanxiang P, Behnisch T, Gomes GM, Dumenieu M, Schweizer M, Chocholoušková M, Holčapek M, Mikhaylova M, Kreutz MR, Ahrends R. Multiomics of synaptic junctions reveals altered lipid metabolism and signaling following environmental enrichment. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109797. [PMID: 34610315 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane lipids and their metabolism have key functions in neurotransmission. Here we provide a quantitative lipid inventory of mouse and rat synaptic junctions. To this end, we developed a multiomics extraction and analysis workflow to probe the interplay of proteins and lipids in synaptic signal transduction from the same sample. Based on this workflow, we generate hypotheses about novel mechanisms underlying complex changes in synaptic connectivity elicited by environmental stimuli. As a proof of principle, this approach reveals that in mice exposed to an enriched environment, reduced endocannabinoid synthesis and signaling is linked to increased surface expression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) in a subset of Cannabinoid-receptor 1 positive synapses. This mechanism regulates synaptic strength in an input-specific manner. Thus, we establish a compartment-specific multiomics workflow that is suitable to extract information from complex lipid and protein networks involved in synaptic function and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Borgmeyer
- Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function,' University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Coman
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Canan Has
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hans-Frieder Schött
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tingting Li
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Philipp Westhoff
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yam F H Cheung
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nils Hoffmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - PingAn Yuanxiang
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Behnisch
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guilherme M Gomes
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mael Dumenieu
- RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Morphology and Electron Microscopy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Chocholoušková
- University of Pardubice, Department of Analytical Chemistry, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holčapek
- University of Pardubice, Department of Analytical Chemistry, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Marina Mikhaylova
- Emmy Noether Group 'Neuronal Protein Transport,' University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; AG Optobiology, Institute for Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function,' University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 30120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria.
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42
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Motz CT, Kabat V, Saxena T, Bellamkonda RV, Zhu C. Neuromechanobiology: An Expanding Field Driven by the Force of Greater Focus. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100102. [PMID: 34342167 PMCID: PMC8497434 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The brain processes information by transmitting signals through highly connected and dynamic networks of neurons. Neurons use specific cellular structures, including axons, dendrites and synapses, and specific molecules, including cell adhesion molecules, ion channels and chemical receptors to form, maintain and communicate among cells in the networks. These cellular and molecular processes take place in environments rich of mechanical cues, thus offering ample opportunities for mechanical regulation of neural development and function. Recent studies have suggested the importance of mechanical cues and their potential regulatory roles in the development and maintenance of these neuronal structures. Also suggested are the importance of mechanical cues and their potential regulatory roles in the interaction and function of molecules mediating the interneuronal communications. In this review, the current understanding is integrated and promising future directions of neuromechanobiology are suggested at the cellular and molecular levels. Several neuronal processes where mechanics likely plays a role are examined and how forces affect ligand binding, conformational change, and signal induction of molecules key to these neuronal processes are indicated, especially at the synapse. The disease relevance of neuromechanobiology as well as therapies and engineering solutions to neurological disorders stemmed from this emergent field of study are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara T Motz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
| | - Victoria Kabat
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
| | - Tarun Saxena
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Ravi V Bellamkonda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
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43
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Curran OE, Qiu Z, Smith C, Grant SGN. A single-synapse resolution survey of PSD95-positive synapses in twenty human brain regions. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:6864-6881. [PMID: 32492218 PMCID: PMC7615673 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mapping the molecular composition of individual excitatory synapses across the mouse brain reveals high synapse diversity with each brain region showing a distinct composition of synapse types. As a first step towards systematic mapping of synapse diversity across the human brain, we have labelled and imaged synapses expressing the excitatory synapse protein PSD95 in twenty human brain regions, including 13 neocortical, two subcortical, one hippocampal, one cerebellar and three brainstem regions, in four phenotypically normal individuals. We quantified the number, size and intensity of individual synaptic puncta and compared their regional distributions. We found that each region showed a distinct signature of synaptic puncta parameters. Comparison of brain regions showed that cortical and hippocampal structures are similar, and distinct from those of cerebellum and brainstem. Comparison of synapse parameters from human and mouse brain revealed conservation of parameters, hierarchical organization of brain regions and network architecture. This work illustrates the feasibility of generating a systematic single-synapse resolution atlas of the human brain, a potentially significant resource in studies of brain health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpia E Curran
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zhen Qiu
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Academic Neuropathology, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Seth G N Grant
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain (SIDB), Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, UK
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44
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Zhang Y, Fang X, Ascota L, Li L, Guerra L, Vega A, Salinas A, Gonzalez A, Garza C, Tsin A, Hell JW, Ames JB. Zinc-chelating postsynaptic density-95 N-terminus impairs its palmitoyl modification. Protein Sci 2021; 30:2246-2257. [PMID: 34538002 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemical synaptic transmission represents the most sophisticated dynamic process and is highly regulated with optimized neurotransmitter balance. Imbalanced transmitters can lead to transmission impairments, for example, intracellular zinc accumulation is a hallmark of degenerating neurons. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) is a primary postsynaptic membrane-associated protein and the major scaffolding component in the excitatory postsynaptic densities, which performs substantial functions in synaptic development and maturation. Its membrane association induced by palmitoylation contributes largely to its regulatory functions at postsynaptic sites. Unlike other structural domains in PSD-95, the N-terminal region (PSD-95NT) is flexible and interacts with various targets, which modulates its palmitoylation of two cysteines (C3/C5) and glutamate receptor distributions in postsynaptic densities. PSD-95NT contains a putative zinc-binding motif (C2H2) with undiscovered functions. This study is the first effort to investigate the interaction between Zn2+ and PSD-95NT. The NMR titration of 15 N-labeled PSD-95NT by ZnCl2 was performed and demonstrated Zn2+ binds to PSD-95NT with a binding affinity (Kd ) in the micromolar range. The zinc binding was confirmed by fluorescence and mutagenesis assays, indicating two cysteines and two histidines (H24, H28) are critical residues for the binding. These results suggested the concentration-dependent zinc binding is likely to influence PSD-95 palmitoylation since the binding site overlaps the palmitoylation sites, which was verified by the mimic PSD-95 palmitoyl modification and intact cell palmitoylation assays. This study reveals zinc as a novel modulator for PSD-95 postsynaptic membrane association by chelating its N-terminal region, indicative of its importance in postsynaptic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Fang
- Department of Molecular Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Luis Ascota
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Libo Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA.,Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Guerra
- Department of Molecular Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Audrey Vega
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Amanda Salinas
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia Garza
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew Tsin
- Department of Molecular Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - James B Ames
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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45
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The importance of ultrastructural analysis of memory. Brain Res Bull 2021; 173:28-36. [PMID: 33984429 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plasticity of glutamatergic synapses in the hippocampus is believed to underlie learning and memory processes. Surprisingly, very few studies report long-lasting structural changes of synapses induced by behavioral training. It remains, therefore, unclear which synaptic changes in the hippocampus contribute to memory storage. Here, we systematically compare how long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission (LTP) (a primary form of synaptic plasticity and cellular model of memory) and behavioral training affect hippocampal glutamatergic synapses at the ultrastructural level enabled by electron microscopy. The review of the literature indicates that while LTP induces growth of dendritic spines and post-synaptic densities (PSD), that represent postsynaptic part of a glutamatergic synapse, after behavioral training there is transient (< 6 h) synaptogenesis and long-lasting (> 24 h) increase in PSD volume (without a significant change of dendritic spine volume), indicating that training-induced PSD growth may reflect long-term enhancement of synaptic functions. Additionally, formation of multi-innervated spines (MIS), is associated with long-term memory in aged mice and LTP-deficient mutant mice. Since volume of PSD, as well as atypical synapses, can be reliably observed only with electron microscopy, we argue that the ultrastructural level of analysis is required to reveal synaptic changes that are associated with long-term storage of information in the brain.
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46
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Giri S, Ranjan A, Kumar A, Amar M, Mallick BN. Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation impairs neuronal plasticity and reduces hippocampal neuronal arborization in male albino rats: Noradrenaline is involved in the process. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1815-1834. [PMID: 33819353 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) favors brain development and memory, while it is decreased in neurodegenerative diseases. REMS deprivation (REMSD) affects several physiological processes including memory consolidation; however, its detailed mechanism(s) of action was unknown. REMS reduces, while REMSD elevates noradrenaline (NA) level in the brain; the latter induces several deficiencies and disorders, including changes in neuronal cytomorphology and apoptosis. Therefore, we proposed that REMS- and REMSD-associated modulation of NA level might affect neuronal plasticity and affect brain functions. Male albino rats were REMS deprived by flower-pot method for 6 days, and its effects were compared with home cage and large platform controls as well as post-REMSD recovered and REMS-deprived prazosin (α1-adrenoceptor antagonist)-treated rats. We observed that REMSD reduced CA1 and CA3 neuronal dendritic length, branching, arborization, and spine density, while length of active zone and expressions of pre- as well as post-synaptic proteins were increased as compared to controls; interestingly, prazosin prevented most of the effects in vivo. Studies on primary culture of neurons from chick embryo brain confirmed that NA at lower concentration(s) induced neuronal branching and arborization, while higher doses were destructive. The findings support our contention that REMSD adversely affects neuronal plasticity, branching, and synaptic scaffold, which explain the underlying cytoarchitectural basis of REMSD-associated patho-physio-behavioral changes. Consolidation of findings of this study along with that of our previous reports suggest that the neuronal disintegration could be due to either withdrawal of direct protective and proliferative role of low dose of NA or indirect effect of high dose of NA or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatrunjai Giri
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Ranjan
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Megha Amar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Rodriguez AR, Anderson ED, O'Neill KM, McEwan PP, Vigilante NF, Kwon M, Akum BF, Stawicki TM, Meaney DF, Firestein BL. Cytosolic PSD-95 interactor alters functional organization of neural circuits and AMPA receptor signaling independent of PSD-95 binding. Netw Neurosci 2021; 5:166-197. [PMID: 33688611 PMCID: PMC7935033 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic PSD-95 interactor (cypin) regulates many aspects of neuronal development and function, ranging from dendritogenesis to synaptic protein localization. While it is known that removal of postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) from the postsynaptic density decreases synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and that cypin overexpression protects neurons from NMDA-induced toxicity, little is known about cypin's role in AMPA receptor clustering and function. Experimental work shows that cypin overexpression decreases PSD-95 levels in synaptosomes and the PSD, decreases PSD-95 clusters/μm2, and increases mEPSC frequency. Analysis of microelectrode array (MEA) data demonstrates that cypin or cypinΔPDZ overexpression increases sensitivity to CNQX (cyanquixaline) and AMPA receptor-mediated decreases in spike waveform properties. Network-level analysis of MEA data reveals that cypinΔPDZ overexpression causes networks to be resilient to CNQX-induced changes in local efficiency. Incorporating these findings into a computational model of a neural circuit demonstrates a role for AMPA receptors in cypin-promoted changes to networks and shows that cypin increases firing rate while changing network functional organization, suggesting cypin overexpression facilitates information relay but modifies how information is encoded among brain regions. Our data show that cypin promotes changes to AMPA receptor signaling independent of PSD-95 binding, shaping neural circuits and output to regions beyond the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Rodriguez
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Erin D Anderson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kate M O'Neill
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Przemyslaw P McEwan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Munjin Kwon
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Barbara F Akum
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Tamara M Stawicki
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - David F Meaney
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bonnie L Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Zhang Q, He L, Chen M, Yang H, Cao X, Liu X, Hao Q, Chen Z, Liu T, Wei XE, Rong L. PSD-93 mediates the crosstalk between neuron and microglia and facilitates acute ischemic stroke injury by binding to CX3CL1. J Neurochem 2021; 157:2145-2157. [PMID: 33599284 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Post-synaptic density 93 (PSD-93) mediates glutamate excitotoxicity induced by ischemic brain injury, which then induces microglial inflammatory response. However, the underlying mechanisms of how PSD-93 mediates the crosstalk between neurons and microglia in the post-synaptic dense region remain elusive. CX3 chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) is a chemokine specifically expressed in neurons while its receptor CX3CR1 is highly expressed in microglia. In this study, we examined the interaction of PSD-93 and CX3CL1 in the crosstalk between neurons and microglia in acute ischemic stroke. We utilized male C57BL/6 mice to establish the middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO) and designed a fusion small peptide Tat-CX3CL1 (357-395aa) to inhibit PSD-93 and CX3CL1 interaction. The combination peaks of PSD-93 and CX3CL1 at 6 hr after I/R were observed. The binding sites were located at the 420-535 amino acid sequence of PSD-93 and 357-395 amino acid sequence of CX3CL1. Tat-CX3CL1 (357-395aa) could inhibit the interaction of PSD-93 and CX3CL1 and inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and TNF-α expression and provided neuroprotection following reperfusion. Together, these data suggest that PSD-93 binds CX3CL1 to activate microglia and initiate neuroinflammation. Specific blockade of PSD-93-CX3CL1 interaction reduces I/R induced neuronal cell death, and provides a new therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Lab of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qi Hao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiu-E Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liangqun Rong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Martinez-Sanchez A, Laugks U, Kochovski Z, Papantoniou C, Zinzula L, Baumeister W, Lučić V. Trans-synaptic assemblies link synaptic vesicles and neuroreceptors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/10/eabe6204. [PMID: 33674312 PMCID: PMC7935360 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe6204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic transmission is characterized by fast, tightly coupled processes and complex signaling pathways that require a precise protein organization, such as the previously reported nanodomain colocalization of pre- and postsynaptic proteins. Here, we used cryo-electron tomography to visualize synaptic complexes together with their native environment comprising interacting proteins and lipids on a 2- to 4-nm scale. Using template-free detection and classification, we showed that tripartite trans-synaptic assemblies (subcolumns) link synaptic vesicles to postsynaptic receptors and established that a particular displacement between directly interacting complexes characterizes subcolumns. Furthermore, we obtained de novo average structures of ionotropic glutamate receptors in their physiological composition, embedded in plasma membrane. These data support the hypothesis that synaptic function is carried by precisely organized trans-synaptic units. It provides a framework for further exploration of synaptic and other large molecular assemblies that link different cells or cellular regions and may require weak or transient interactions to exert their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Martinez-Sanchez
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Computer Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Oviedo, Federico Garcia Lorca 18, 33007, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Avenida Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Laugks
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Zdravko Kochovski
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christos Papantoniou
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Luca Zinzula
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumeister
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Vladan Lučić
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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Neonatal Rotenone Administration Induces Psychiatric Disorder-Like Behavior and Changes in Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Synaptic Proteins in Adulthood. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3015-3030. [PMID: 33608825 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since psychiatric disorders are associated with changes in the development of the nervous system, an energy-dependent mechanism, we investigated whether mitochondrial inhibition during the critical neurodevelopment window in rodents would be able to induce metabolic alterations culminating in psychiatric-like behavior. We treated male Wistar rat puppies (P) with rotenone (Rot), an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I, from postnatal days 5 to 11 (P5-P11). We demonstrated that at P60 and P120, Rot-treated animals showed hyperlocomotion and deficits in social interaction and aversive contextual memory, features observed in animal models of schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. During adulthood, Rot-treated rodents also presented modifications in CBP and CREB levels in addition to a decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis and Nrf1 expression. Additionally, NFE2L2-activation was not altered in Rot-treated P60 and P120 animals; an upregulation of pNFE2L2/ NFE2L2 was only observed in P12 cortices. Curiously, ATP/ADP levels did not change in all ages evaluated. Rot administration in newborn rodents also promoted modification in Rest and Mecp2 expression, and in synaptic protein levels, named PSD-95, Synaptotagmin-1, and Synaptophysin in the adult rats. Altogether, our data indicate that behavioral abnormalities and changes in synaptic proteins in adulthood induced by neonatal Rot administration might be a result of adjustments in CREB pathways and alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis and Nrf1 expression, rather than a direct deficiency of energy supply, as previously speculated. Consequently, Rot-induced psychiatric-like behavior would be an outcome of alterations in neuronal paths due to mitochondrial deregulation.
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