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Jin J, Mazzacuva F, Crocetti L, Giovannoni MP, Cilibrizzi A. PDE4 Inhibitors: Profiling Hits through the Multitude of Structural Classes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11518. [PMID: 37511275 PMCID: PMC10380597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases 4 (PDE4) are a family of enzymes which specifically promote the hydrolysis and degradation of cAMP. The inhibition of PDE4 enzymes has been widely investigated as a possible alternative strategy for the treatment of a variety of respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, as well as psoriasis and other autoimmune disorders. In this context, the identification of new molecules as PDE4 inhibitors continues to be an active field of investigation within drug discovery. This review summarizes the medicinal chemistry journey in the design and development of effective PDE4 inhibitors, analyzed through chemical classes and taking into consideration structural aspects and binding properties, as well as inhibitory efficacy, PDE4 selectivity and the potential as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Francesca Mazzacuva
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London E15 4LZ, UK
| | - Letizia Crocetti
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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2
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Gholamzadeh P, Ziarani GM, Badiei A, Bahrami Z. Application of sulfonic acid functionalized nanoporous silica (SBA-Pr-SO3H) in the solvent free synthesis of (E)-arylidene-1,3-dihydroindole-2-ones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.3.3.279-282.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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3
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Galal SA, Naem SIE, Nezhawy AOE, Ali MA, Diwani HIE. Novel Benzimidazo[2,1-c][1,4]thiazinone Derivatives with Potent Activity Against HSV-1. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 344:255-63. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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4
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Huang X, Cao J, Huang J. Solid-phase synthesis of benzofused tricycles based on benzimidazole from resin-bound 3-(2-aminophenylamino)-2-seleno-ester. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 11:515-8. [PMID: 19499907 DOI: 10.1021/cc900006z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Xixi Campus), Hangzhou, P. R. China
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5
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Goswami P, Das B. Organocatalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Substituted 1,5-Benzodiazepine and Benzimidazole Derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903161686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Papori Goswami
- a Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Babulal Das
- a Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati, Assam, India
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6
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Kim I, Song JH, Park CM, Jeong JW, Kim HR, Ha JR, No Z, Hyun YL, Cho YS, Sook Kang N, Jeon DJ. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 2-aryl-7-(3',4'-dialkoxyphenyl)-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as novel PDE-4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 20:922-6. [PMID: 20053559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Described herein is design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel series of 2-aryl-7-(3',4'-dialkoxyphenyl)-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines acting as inhibitors of type 4 phosphodiesterase (PDE4) which is known as a good target for the treatment of asthma and COPD. For this purpose, structure optimization was conducted with the aid of structure-based drug design using the known X-ray crystallography. Also, biological effects of these compounds on the target enzyme were evaluated by using in vitro assays, leading to the potent and selective PDE-4 inhibitor (IC(50)<10nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikyon Kim
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
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7
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Yamashita T, Yamada S, Yamazaki Y, Tanaka H. New Procedure for the Synthesis of 2-Alkylbenzimidazoles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910902730838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yamashita
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
| | - Shozo Yamada
- b Chemical Technology Laboratory, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. , Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasundo Yamazaki
- c Discovery and Development Laboratory II, Hanno Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. , Hanno, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Engineering, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
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8
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Kodimuthali A, Jabaris SSL, Pal M. Recent advances on phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Med Chem 2008; 51:5471-89. [PMID: 18686943 DOI: 10.1021/jm800582j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Kodimuthali
- New Drug Discovery, R & D Center, Matrix Laboratories Limited, Anrich Industrial Estate, Bollaram, Jinnaram Mandal, Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, 502 325, India
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9
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Zeolites. Efficient and Eco-friendly Catalysts for the Synthesis of Benzimidazoles. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-005-0407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Ochiai H, Ohtani T, Ishida A, Kusumi K, Kato M, Kohno H, Odagaki Y, Kishikawa K, Yamamoto S, Takeda H, Obata T, Nakai H, Toda M. Highly potent PDE4 inhibitors with therapeutic potential. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 12:4645-65. [PMID: 15358291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2004] [Revised: 06/23/2004] [Accepted: 06/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that the dose-limiting side effects of PDE4 inhibitors could be mediated via the central nervous system prompted us to design and synthesize a hydrophilic piperidine analog to improve the side effect profile of Ariflo 1, which is an orally active second-generation PDE4 inhibitor. During evaluation of various water-soluble piperidine analogs, 2a-b, 11b-14b, and 17a showed therapeutic potential in cross-species comparison studies. The following three findings were obtained: (1) The hydroxamic acid group, a well known metal chelator, caused a marked increase of inhibitory activity. (2) Water-soluble piperidine analogs lacked the configurational isomerism of Ariflo 1 without loss of inhibitory activity. (3) Replacement of the 4-methoxy residue with a difluoromethoxy residue led to an increase of in vivo potency. Structure-activity relationships are presented. Single-dose rat pharmacokinetic data for 11b, 12b, and 17a are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ochiai
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Osaka, Mishima 618-8585, Japan
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11
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Gratteri P, Bonaccini C, Melani F. Searching for a Reliable Orientation of Ligands in Their Binding Site: Comparison between a Structure-Based (Glide) and a Ligand-Based (FIGO) Approach in the Case Study of PDE4 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2005; 48:1657-65. [PMID: 15743207 DOI: 10.1021/jm049289b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Two 3D QSAR Grid/Golpe models, differing in the alignment criterion of the studied phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors, were compared. The docking-guided alignment, obtained by exploiting the known 3D structure of the PDE4, was used to test and validate the field-fit alignment solution proposed by FIGO procedure. The analysis of the direct (docking) and indirect (FIGO) superposition methodologies occurs through the comparison of the respective PLS coefficient maps. The inclusion in the FIGO algorithm of factors related to the hydrophobicity and shape of the molecules leads to promising results, making the new FIGO algorithm a valid alternative in the molecule overlay, particularly when the 3D structure of the target is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gratteri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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12
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Charton J, Girault-Mizzi S, Sergheraert C. Conversion of Sterically Hindered Diacylated 1,2-Phenylenediamines into 2-Substituted Benzimidazoles. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 53:492-7. [PMID: 15863918 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.53.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of bulky 2-substituted benzimidazoles was designed in order to find new leads for several biological targets. Formation by cyclodehydration from their monoacylated counterparts was shown to be strongly dependent upon the nature of the acyl group. In the case of a dicyclohexylmethyl group, cyclization was only observed in a p-toluenesulfonic acid/toluene mixture from the symmetrical diacylated precursor. Analysis of the mechanism was begun starting from mixed diacylated derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Charton
- UMR CNRS 8525, Universite de Lille II, Institut de Biologie et Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, B.P. 447, 59021 Lille cedex, France.
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13
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Ochiai H, Ohtani T, Ishida A, Kusumi K, Kato M, Kohno H, Kishikawa K, Obata T, Nakai H, Toda M. Highly potent PDE4 inhibitors with therapeutic potential. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:207-10. [PMID: 14684329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Based on the hypothesis that the dose-limiting side effects of PDE4 inhibitors could be mediated via the central nervous system (CNS), design and synthesis of a hydrophilic analogue is considered to be one approach to improving the side-effect profile of Ariflo 1. Water-soluble piperidine derivatives were found to possess therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ochiai
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
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14
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Bentancor L, Trelles J, Nóbile M, Lewkowicz E, Iribarren A. Benzimidazole as deazapurine analogue for microbial transglycosylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2003.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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15
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16
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Akamatsu H, Fukase K, Kusumoto S. New efficient route for solid-phase synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2002; 4:475-83. [PMID: 12217019 DOI: 10.1021/cc020006f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient method for the solid-phase synthesis of benzimidazole libraries is described. Monoalkylation of various o-phenylenediamines on resin-bound bromoacetamide proceeded smoothly to give the monoalkyl resin-bound o-phenylenediamines in high yields. Subsequent cyclization of the diamines with various aldehydes afforded solid-supported benzimidazoles. Cleavage from the resin gave benzimidazoles in good yields. The present method enabled the introduction of the diversity on the benzene ring of imidazoles. Azabenzimidazoles, such as 4-azabenzimidazoles, 5-azabenzimidazoles, and purines, were also synthesized in good yields with high purities by the same procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Akamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-cho 1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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17
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Andrés JI, Alonso JM, Díaz A, Fernández J, Iturrino L, Martínez P, Matesanz E, Freyne EJ, Deroose F, Boeckx G, Petit D, Diels G, Megens A, Somers M, Van Wauwe J, Stoppie P, Cools M, De Clerck F, Peeters D, de Chaffoy D. Synthesis and biological evaluation of imidazol-2-one and 2-cyanoiminoimidazole derivatives: novel series of PDE4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:653-8. [PMID: 11844693 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This communication describes the synthesis and in vitro PDE4 inhibitory activity of a novel series of imidazol-2-one and 2-cyanoiminoimidazole derivatives. The compounds described were also tested in in vivo models to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity after topical administration as well as their gastro-intestinal side effects. Several compounds proved to be potent PDE4 inhibitors and some 2-cyanoiminoimidazoles showed less pronounced gastro-intestinal side effects than reference compounds but maintained anti-inflammatory activity after topical administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ignacio Andrés
- Janssen-Cilag, Basic Research Centre, Jarama s/n, 45007, Toledo, Spain.
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18
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Abstract
A traceless linker strategy for the solid-supported synthesis of 5-benzoylbenzimidazoles has been developed. A benzyl cyanide functional group was linked to 2% divinylbenzene cross-linked polystyrene through a dimethylsilyl linker. Coupling with 5-chloro-2-nitroaniline followed by oxidative decyanation gave benzophenone 11 as a key intermediate in an efficient one-pot reaction procedure. After reduction of the nitro group and oxidative cyclization with a variety of aldehydes in the presence of DDQ, a series of polymer-supported benzimidazoles was produced. Final traceless cleavage of the arylsilane linker with TBAF provided a small library of 5-benzoylbenzimidazoles.Key words: solid-support, traceless linker, arylsilane, 5-benzoylbenzimidazole.
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19
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Van der Mey M, Hatzelmann A, Van Klink GP, Van der Laan IJ, Sterk GJ, Thibaut U, Ulrich WR, Timmerman H. Novel selective PDE4 inhibitors. 2. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 4-aryl-substituted cis-tetra- and cis-hexahydrophthalazinones. J Med Chem 2001; 44:2523-35. [PMID: 11472206 DOI: 10.1021/jm010838c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-aryl-substituted cis-4a,5,8,8a-tetra- and cis-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-phthalazin-1-ones with high inhibitory activity toward cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE4) was synthesized. To study structure-activity relationships various substituents were introduced to the 2-, 3-, and 4-positions of the 4-phenyl ring. Substitution at the 4-position of the phenyl ring was restricted to a methoxy group, probably due to unfavorable steric interactions of larger groups with the binding site. The introduction of many alkoxy substituents including distinct ring systems and functional groups was allowed to the 3-position. It was found that in general the cis-4a,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-2H-phthalazin-1-ones are more potent than their hexahydrophthalic counterparts, the best activity residing in (4-imidazol-1-yl-phenoxy)butoxy analogue 16o (pIC(50) = 9.7).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Van der Mey
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacochemistry, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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20
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Napoletano M, Norcini G, Pellacini F, Marchini F, Morazzoni G, Ferlenga P, Pradella L. The synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel series of phthalazine PDE4 inhibitors I. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:2235-8. [PMID: 11012037 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This communication describes the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a novel and potent series of phosphodiesterase type IV (PDE4) inhibitors. The compounds described represent conformationally constrained analogues of RP 73401, Piclamilast. Preliminary evidences of reduced side effects of II compared to standards are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Napoletano
- Inpharzam Ricerche, Zambon Group, Cadempino, Switzerland.
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21
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Buckley G, Cooper N, Dyke HJ, Galleway F, Gowers L, Gregory JC, Hannah DR, Haughan AF, Hellewell PG, Kendall HJ, Lowe C, Maxey R, Montana JG, Naylor R, Picken CL, Runcie KA, Sabin V, Tuladhar BR, Warneck JB. 7-Methoxybenzofuran-4-carboxamides as PDE 4 inhibitors: a potential treatment for asthma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:2137-40. [PMID: 10999488 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and pharmacological profile of a novel series of 7-methoxybenzofuran-4-carboxamides is described. Some of these compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Buckley
- Celltech-Chiroscience Ltd, Abington, Cambridge, UK
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22
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Souness JE, Aldous D, Sargent C. Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 4 inhibitors. IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 2000; 47:127-62. [PMID: 10878287 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-3109(00)00185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Souness
- Discovery Biology 1 (JA3-1), Aventis Pharma Ltd., Dagenham Research Centre, Rainham Road South, Dagenham, RM10 7XS, Essex, UK.
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23
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Giembycz MA. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors and the treatment of asthma: where are we now and where do we go from here? Drugs 2000; 59:193-212. [PMID: 10730545 DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200059020-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Research conducted over the last 20 years has established that inflammation of the airways is central to the airway dysfunction that characterises asthma. Typically, the airway wall is infiltrated by a variety of cells including mast cells, eosinophils and T lymphocytes, which have deviated towards a T(H)2 phenotype. Together, these cells release a plethora of mediators including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and eotaxin which ultimately cause the histopathology and symptoms of asthma. Glucocorticosteroids are the only drugs currently available that effectively impact upon this inflammation and resolve, to a greater or lesser extent, compromised lung function. However, steroids are nonselective and generally unsuitable for paediatric use. New drugs are clearly required. One group of potential therapeutic agents for asthma are inhibitors of cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE), of which theophylline may be considered a prototype. It is now known that PDE is a generic term which refers to at least 11 distinct enzyme families that hydrolyse cAMP and/or cGMP. Over the last decade, inhibitors of PDE4 (a cAMP-specific family that negatively regulates the function of almost all pro-inflammatory and immune cells, and exerts widespread anti-inflammatory activity in animal models of asthma) have been developed with the view to reducing the adverse effects profile associated with non-selective inhibitors such as theophylline. Such is the optimism regarding PDE4 as a viable therapeutic target that more than 100 PDE4 inhibitor patent applications have been filed since 1996 by 13 major pharmaceutical companies. This article reviews the progress of PDE4 inhibitors as anti-inflammatory agents, and identifies problems that have been encountered by the pharmaceutical industry in the clinical development of these drugs and what strategies are being considered to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Giembycz
- Thoracic Medicine, Imperial College of School of Medicine at the National Heart and Lung Institute, London, England.
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24
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Huang W, Scarborough RM. A new “traceless” solid-phase synthesis strategy: Synthesis of a benzimidazole library. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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He W, Huang FC, Hanney B, Souness J, Miller B, Liang G, Mason J, Djuric S. Novel cyclic compounds as potent phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors. J Med Chem 1998; 41:4216-23. [PMID: 9784096 DOI: 10.1021/jm970575f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological activity of a novel series of 2, 2-disubstituted indan-1,3-dione-based PDE4 inhibitors are described. This structurally unique class of PDE4 inhibitors is markedly different from the known PDE4 inhibitors such as RP 73401 (2) and CDP 840 (3). Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies led to the identification of inhibitors with nanomolar potency and oral activity in a murine endotoxemia model for TNF-alpha inhibition. Unlike other classical PDE4 inhibitors, several analogues were found to be nonemetic in a canine emesis model at intravenous doses of up to 3 mg/kg.
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MESH Headings
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/metabolism
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemical synthesis
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/toxicity
- Benzamides/chemical synthesis
- Benzamides/chemistry
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Benzamides/toxicity
- Brain/metabolism
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4
- Dogs
- Endotoxemia/metabolism
- Female
- Guinea Pigs
- In Vitro Techniques
- Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/enzymology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Molecular
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/chemistry
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/toxicity
- Pyridines/chemical synthesis
- Pyridines/chemistry
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Pyridines/toxicity
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vomiting/chemically induced
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Affiliation(s)
- W He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, SW 8 Rhône-Poulenc Rorer Central Research, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
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26
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Crespo MI, Pagès L, Vega A, Segarra V, López M, Doménech T, Miralpeix M, Beleta J, Ryder H, Palacios JM. Design, synthesis, and biological activities of new thieno[3,2-d] pyrimidines as selective type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitors. J Med Chem 1998; 41:4021-35. [PMID: 9767640 DOI: 10.1021/jm981012m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A common pharmacophore for compounds structurally related to nitraquazone has been derived. Using this pharmacophore, new structures have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their inhibitory potencies against cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) specific phosphodiesterase (PDE 4). From these compounds, 4-benzylamino-2-butylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine (4) was selected for optimization. The effects of changes to the lipophilic groups and the amino linkage on the PDE 4 activity have been investigated. As a result, some potent PDE 4 inhibitors, selective with respect to PDE 3, have been identified. A selected group of compounds have been further evaluated for their ability to displace [3H]rolipram from its binding site and also to potentiate isoprenaline-induced cAMP accumulation in isolated guinea pig eosinophils. Of these, 2-butyl-4-cyclohexylaminothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine (33) has an interesting profile, with an important improvement in PDE 4/[3H]rolipram ratio with respect to reference drugs, and good activity in cAMP potentiation, consistent with efficient cell penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Crespo
- Almirall Prodesfarma S.A., Research Center, Cardener 68-74, 08024 Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Muller GW, Shire MG, Wong LM, Corral LG, Patterson RT, Chen Y, Stirling DI. Thalidomide analogs and PDE4 inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2669-74. [PMID: 9873600 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
N-Phthaloyl 3-amino-3-arylpropionic acid analogs of thalidomide that are potent inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-alpha are reported. These compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Muller
- Celgene Corporation, Warren, NJ 07059 USA
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28
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Beasley SC, Cooper N, Gowers L, Gregory JP, Haughan AF, Hellewell PG, Macari D, Miotla J, Montana JG, Morgan T, Naylor R, Runcie KA, Tuladhar B, Warneck JB. Synthesis and evaluation of a novel series of phosphodiesterase IV inhibitors. A potential treatment for asthma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2629-34. [PMID: 9873593 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and pharmacological profile of a novel series of potent and selective phosphodiesterase type IV (PDE IV) inhibitors is described.
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29
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Piaz VD, Giovannoni MP, Castellana C, Palacios JM, Beleta J, Doménech T, Segarra V. Heterocyclic-fused 3(2H)-pyridazinones as potent and selective PDE IV inhibitors: Further structure-activity relationships and molecular modelling studies. Eur J Med Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(99)80030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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31
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Houslay MD, Sullivan M, Bolger GB. The multienzyme PDE4 cyclic adenosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase family: intracellular targeting, regulation, and selective inhibition by compounds exerting anti-inflammatory and antidepressant actions. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 1998; 44:225-342. [PMID: 9547887 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M D Houslay
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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32
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Christensen SB, Guider A, Forster CJ, Gleason JG, Bender PE, Karpinski JM, DeWolf WE, Barnette MS, Underwood DC, Griswold DE, Cieslinski LB, Burman M, Bochnowicz S, Osborn RR, Manning CD, Grous M, Hillegas LM, Bartus JO, Ryan MD, Eggleston DS, Haltiwanger RC, Torphy TJ. 1,4-Cyclohexanecarboxylates: potent and selective inhibitors of phosophodiesterase 4 for the treatment of asthma. J Med Chem 1998; 41:821-35. [PMID: 9526558 DOI: 10.1021/jm970090r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of a variety of PDE4 inhibitors in a series of cellular and in vivo assays suggested a strategy to improve the therapeutic index of PDE4 inhibitors by increasing their selectivity for the ability to inhibit PDE4 catalytic activity versus the ability to compete for high affinity [3H]rolipram-binding sites in the central nervous system. Use of this strategy led ultimately to the identification of cis-4-cyano-4-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxyl ic acid (1, SB 207499, Ariflo), a potent second-generation inhibitor of PDE4 with a decreased potential for side effects versus the archetypic first generation inhibitor, (R)-rolipram.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Christensen
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, USA
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33
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Dal Piaz V, Giovannoni MP, Castellana C, Palacios JM, Beleta J, Doménech T, Segarra V. Novel heterocyclic-fused pyridazinones as potent and selective phosphodiesterase IV inhibitors. J Med Chem 1997; 40:1417-21. [PMID: 9154964 DOI: 10.1021/jm970105l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of 6-aryl-4,5-heterocyclic-fused pyridazinones were designed and synthesized as selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) IV inhibitors. Biological evaluation of these compounds demonstrated a good selectivity profile toward the PDE IV family and greatly attenuated affinity for the Rolipram high-affinity binding site that seems to be responsible for undesiderable side effects. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) studies showed that the presence of an ethyl group at pyridazine N-2 is associated with the best potency and selectivity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Dal Piaz
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Firenze, Italy
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34
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Souness JE, Rao S. Proposal for pharmacologically distinct conformers of PDE4 cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases. Cell Signal 1997; 9:227-36. [PMID: 9218122 DOI: 10.1016/s0898-6568(96)00173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitors display a range of activities in vitro and in vivo which suggest they may be useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, these compounds elicit a number of side-effects which may limit their therapeutic potential. Certain side-effects of PDE4 inhibitors such as emesis and gastric acid secretion are associated with their actions at a high affinity rolipram binding site (HARBS). In contrast, a number of anti-inflammatory actions of PDE4 inhibitors are better correlated with inhibition of PDE4 catalytic activity than with displacement of [3H] rolipram from HARBS. This suggests that native PDE4s in different cell-types can be discriminated pharmacologically. Although known to be associated with PDE4, the nature of HARBS is uncertain. The majority of evidence suggests it represents particular conformational states of PDE subtypes with which rolipram interacts with high potency (KD approximately 2 nM) (High-affinity PDE4, HPDE4). Rolipram is generally moderately or weakly active (IC50-200 nM-2000 nM) in inhibiting catalytic activity of the majority of crude, partially-purified or recombinant PDE4-preparations (Low-affinity PDE4, LPDE4). Solubilization or V/GSH treatment of particulate eosinophil PDE4, cAMP-dependent kinase activation of RNPDE4D3 and membrane association of HSPDE4A4 increase the potencies of some (e.g., rolipram) but not other (e.g., trequinsin) inhibitors. In eosinophils, the changes in enzyme properties brought about by solubilization result in a close correlation between the potency order of compounds in inhibiting cAMP hydrolysis and displacing [3H] rolipram from HARBS. The identification of distinct pharmacological PDE4 forms may have therapeutic consequences since it may be possible to synthesize potent inhibitors of LPDE4 with low affinity for HARBS which should, theoretically, be less emetic. Most inhibitors synthesized to date (rolipram, denbufylline nitraquazone, etc.) display high-affinity for HARBS but are much weaker in inhibiting cAMP hydrolysis. Other compounds (RP 73401, trequinsin, CDP 840) display slightly higher potency against LPDE4 or do not discriminate between the two putative PDE4 forms. Recently, inhibitors have been synthesized which are considerably more active against LPDE4 than HPDE4. Such compounds with appropriate pharmacokinetic properties may retain anti-inflammatory activity but have a reduced capacity to cause nausea and emesis and, consequently, have a wider therapeutic window than compounds currently undergoing clincial evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Souness
- Rhône Poulenc Rorer Ltd., Dagenham Research Centre, Essex
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35
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Huston E, Pooley L, Julien P, Scotland G, McPhee I, Sullivan M, Bolger G, Houslay MD. The human cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE-46 (HSPDE4A4B) expressed in transfected COS7 cells occurs as both particulate and cytosolic species that exhibit distinct kinetics of inhibition by the antidepressant rolipram. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:31334-44. [PMID: 8940140 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.49.31334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfection of COS7 cells with a plasmid encoding the human cyclic AMP-specific PDE4A phosphodiesterase PDE-46 (HSPDE4A4B) led to the expression of a rolipram-inhibited PDE4 activity, which contributed approximately 96% of the total COS cell PDE activity. A fusion protein was generated which encompassed residues (788-886) at the extreme C terminus of PDE-46 and was used to generate an antiserum that detected PDE-46 in transfected COS7 cells. Immunoblotting studies identified PDE-46 as a approximately 125-kDa species that was associated with both the soluble and particulate fractions. The relative Vmax of particulate PDE-46 was approximately 56% that of cytosolic PDE-46. Particulate PDE-46 was not solubilized using Triton X-100 or high NaCl concentrations. Immunofluorescence analysis by laser scanning confocal microscopy showed that PDE-46 was located at discrete margins of the cell, indicative of association with membrane cortical regions. The human PDE4A species, h6.1 (HSPDE4A4C), which lacks the N-terminal extension of PDE-46, was found as an entirely soluble species when expressed in COS7 cells. h6.1 was shown to have an approximately 11-fold higher Vmax relative to that of PDE-46. In dose-response studies rolipram inhibited particulate PDE-46 at much lower concentrations (IC50 = 0. 195 microM) than those needed to inhibit the cytosolic enzyme (IC50 = 1.6 microM). The basis of this difference lay in the fact that rolipram served as a simple competitive inhibitor of the cytosol enzyme (Ki = 1.6 microM) but as a partial competitive inhibitor of the particulate enzyme (Ki = 0.037 microM; Ki' = 2.3 microM). Particulate PDE-46 thus showed a approximately 60-fold higher affinity for rolipram than cytosolic PDE-46.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Huston
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IBLS, Wolfson Link Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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36
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Chapter 8. Chronic Pulmonary Inflammation and Other Therapeutic Applications of PDE IV Inhibitors. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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