1
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Fu C, Gobbooru S, Martino AT, Low WK. Production of VP3-only virus-like particles of Adeno-associated virus 2 in E. coli cells. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 220:106502. [PMID: 38754753 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Adeno-associated Virus (AAV) is a promising vector for gene therapy. However, few studies have focused on producing virus-like particles (VLPs) of AAV in cells, especially in E. coli. In this study, we describe a method to produce empty VP3-only VLPs of AAV2 in E. coli by co-expressing VP3 and assembly-activating protein (AAP) of AAV2. Although the yields of VLPs produced with our method were low, the VLPs were able to self-assemble in E. coli without the need of in vitro capsid assembly. The produced VLPs were characterized by immunological detection and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that capsid assembly of AAV2 is possible in E. coli, and E. coli may be a candidate system for production of VLPs of AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Shruthi Gobbooru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Ashley T Martino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Woon-Kai Low
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
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2
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Zarou MM, Rattigan KM, Sarnello D, Shokry E, Dawson A, Ianniciello A, Dunn K, Copland M, Sumpton D, Vazquez A, Helgason GV. Inhibition of mitochondrial folate metabolism drives differentiation through mTORC1 mediated purine sensing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1931. [PMID: 38431691 PMCID: PMC10908830 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Supporting cell proliferation through nucleotide biosynthesis is an essential requirement for cancer cells. Hence, inhibition of folate-mediated one carbon (1C) metabolism, which is required for nucleotide synthesis, has been successfully exploited in anti-cancer therapy. Here, we reveal that mitochondrial folate metabolism is upregulated in patient-derived leukaemic stem cells (LSCs). We demonstrate that inhibition of mitochondrial 1C metabolism through impairment of de novo purine synthesis has a cytostatic effect on chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) cells. Consequently, changes in purine nucleotide levels lead to activation of AMPK signalling and suppression of mTORC1 activity. Notably, suppression of mitochondrial 1C metabolism increases expression of erythroid differentiation markers. Moreover, we find that increased differentiation occurs independently of AMPK signalling and can be reversed through reconstitution of purine levels and reactivation of mTORC1. Of clinical relevance, we identify that combination of 1C metabolism inhibition with imatinib, a frontline treatment for CML patients, decreases the number of therapy-resistant CML LSCs in a patient-derived xenograft model. Our results highlight a role for folate metabolism and purine sensing in stem cell fate decisions and leukaemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M Zarou
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Kevin M Rattigan
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Daniele Sarnello
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Engy Shokry
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Amy Dawson
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Angela Ianniciello
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Karen Dunn
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Mhairi Copland
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - David Sumpton
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Alexei Vazquez
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
| | - G Vignir Helgason
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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3
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Dawson A, Zarou MM, Prasad B, Bittencourt-Silvestre J, Zerbst D, Himonas E, Hsieh YC, van Loon I, Blanco GR, Ianniciello A, Kerekes Z, Krishnan V, Agarwal P, Almasoudi H, McCluskey L, Hopcroft LEM, Scott MT, Baquero P, Dunn K, Vetrie D, Copland M, Bhatia R, Coffelt SB, Tiong OS, Wheadon H, Zanivan S, Kirschner K, Helgason GV. Leukaemia exposure alters the transcriptional profile and function of BCR::ABL1 negative macrophages in the bone marrow niche. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1090. [PMID: 38316788 PMCID: PMC10844594 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are fundamental cells of the innate immune system that support normal haematopoiesis and play roles in both anti-cancer immunity and tumour progression. Here we use a chimeric mouse model of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and human bone marrow (BM) derived macrophages to study the impact of the dysregulated BM microenvironment on bystander macrophages. Utilising single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) negative macrophages we reveal unique subpopulations of immature macrophages residing in the CML BM microenvironment. CML exposed macrophages separate from their normal counterparts by reduced expression of the surface marker CD36, which significantly reduces clearance of apoptotic cells. We uncover aberrant production of CML-secreted factors, including the immune modulatory protein lactotransferrin (LTF), that suppresses efferocytosis, phagocytosis, and CD36 surface expression in BM macrophages, indicating that the elevated secretion of LTF is, at least partially responsible for the supressed clearance function of Ph- macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Dawson
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Martha M Zarou
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Bodhayan Prasad
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Joana Bittencourt-Silvestre
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Désirée Zerbst
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Ekaterini Himonas
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Ya-Ching Hsieh
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Isabel van Loon
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | | | - Angela Ianniciello
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Zsombor Kerekes
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Vaidehi Krishnan
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Signature Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Puneet Agarwal
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hassan Almasoudi
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, 61441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura McCluskey
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Lisa E M Hopcroft
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Mary T Scott
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Pablo Baquero
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Dpto. de Biología de Sistemas, Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, E-28805, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karen Dunn
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - David Vetrie
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Mhairi Copland
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Ravi Bhatia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Seth B Coffelt
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Ong Sin Tiong
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Signature Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Helen Wheadon
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Kristina Kirschner
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
| | - G Vignir Helgason
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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4
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Moriya S, Kazama H, Hino H, Takano N, Hiramoto M, Aizawa S, Miyazawa K. Clarithromycin overcomes stromal cell-mediated drug resistance against proteasome inhibitors in myeloma cells via autophagy flux blockage leading to high NOXA expression. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295273. [PMID: 38039297 PMCID: PMC10691716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that macrolide antibiotics, such as clarithromycin (CAM), blocked autophagy flux, and simultaneous proteasome and autophagy inhibition by bortezomib (BTZ) plus CAM resulted in enhanced apoptosis induction in multiple myeloma (MM) cells via increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress loading. However, in actual therapeutic settings, cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance between bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and MM cells has been known to be a barrier to treatment. To investigate whether CAM could enhance BTZ-induced cytotoxicity in MM cells under direct cell adhesion with BMSC, we established a co-culture system of EGFP-labeled MM cells with BMSC. The cytotoxic effect of BTZ on MM cells was diminished by its interaction with BMSC; however, the attenuated cytotoxicity was recovered by the co-administration of CAM, which upregulates ER stress loading and NOXA expression. Knockout of NOXA in MM cells canceled the enhanced cell death by CAM, indicating that NOXA is a key molecule for cell death induction by the co-administration of CAM. Since NOXA is degraded by autophagy as well as proteasomes, blocking autophagy with CAM resulted in the sustained upregulation of NOXA in MM cells co-cultured with BMSC in the presence of BTZ. Our data suggest that BMSC-associated BTZ resistance is mediated by the attenuation of ER stress loading. However, the addition of CAM overcomes BMSC-associated resistance via upregulation of NOXA by concomitantly blocking autophagy-mediated NOXA degradation and transcriptional activation of NOXA by ER stress loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Moriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kazama
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Hino
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Anatomical Science, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoharu Takano
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Hiramoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Aizawa
- Division of Anatomical Science, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Sannino A, Scarfì MR, Dufossée M, Romeo S, Poeta L, Prouzet-Mauléon V, Priault M, Zeni O. Inhibition of Autophagy Negates Radiofrequency-Induced Adaptive Response in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158414. [PMID: 35955556 PMCID: PMC9369083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, radiofrequency (RF) has demonstrated that it can reduce DNA damage induced by a subsequent treatment with chemical or physical agents in different cell types, resembling the adaptive response, a phenomenon well documented in radiobiology. Such an effect has also been reported by other authors both in vitro and in vivo, and plausible hypotheses have been formulated, spanning from the perturbation of the cell redox status, to DNA repair mechanisms, and stress response machinery, as possible cellular mechanisms activated by RF pre-exposure. These mechanisms may underpin the observed phenomenon, and require deeper investigations. The present study aimed to determine whether autophagy contributes to RF-induced adaptive response. To this purpose, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were exposed for 20 h to 1950 MHz, UMTS signal, and then treated with menadione. The results obtained indicated a reduction in menadione-induced DNA damage, assessed by applying the comet assay. Such a reduction was negated when autophagy was inhibited by bafilomycin A1 and E64d. Moreover, CRISPR SH-SY5Y cell lines defective for ATG7 or ATG5 genes did not show an adaptive response. These findings suggest the involvement of autophagy in the RF-induced adaptive response in human neuroblastoma cells; although, further investigation is required to extend such observation at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sannino
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (O.Z.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Scarfì
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (O.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7620659
| | - Mélody Dufossée
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Stefania Romeo
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (O.Z.)
| | - Loredana Poeta
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (O.Z.)
| | - Valerie Prouzet-Mauléon
- Plateformecrisp’edit—TBMCore, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
- INSERM, US005, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, UAR3427, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Muriel Priault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Olga Zeni
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (O.Z.)
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6
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Barthet VJA, Mrschtik M, Kania E, McEwan DG, Croft D, O'Prey J, Long JS, Ryan KM. DRAM-4 and DRAM-5 are compensatory regulators of autophagy and cell survival in nutrient-deprived conditions. FEBS J 2022; 289:3752-3769. [PMID: 35060334 PMCID: PMC9544835 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a membrane-trafficking process that delivers cytoplasmic material to lysosomes for degradation. The process preserves cellular integrity by removing damaged cellular constituents and can promote cell survival by providing substrates for energy production during hiatuses of nutrient availability. The process is also highly responsive to other forms of cellular stress. For example, DNA damage can induce autophagy and this involves up-regulation of the Damage-Regulated Autophagy Modulator-1 (DRAM-1) by the tumor suppressor p53. DRAM-1 belongs to an evolutionarily conserved protein family, which has five members in humans and we describe here the initial characterization of two members of this family, which we term DRAM-4 and DRAM-5 for DRAM-Related/Associated Member 4/5. We show that the genes encoding these proteins are not regulated by p53, but instead are induced by nutrient deprivation. Similar to other DRAM family proteins, however, DRAM-4 principally localizes to endosomes and DRAM-5 to the plasma membrane and both modulate autophagy flux when over-expressed. Deletion of DRAM-4 using CRISPR/Cas-9 also increased autophagy flux, but we found that DRAM-4 and DRAM-5 undergo compensatory regulation, such that deletion of DRAM-4 does not affect autophagy flux in the absence of DRAM-5. Similarly, deletion of DRAM-4 also promotes cell survival following growth of cells in the absence of amino acids, serum, or glucose, but this effect is also impacted by the absence of DRAM-5. In summary, DRAM-4 and DRAM-5 are nutrient-responsive members of the DRAM family that exhibit interconnected roles in the regulation of autophagy and cell survival under nutrient-deprived conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin J. A. Barthet
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
| | | | - Elzbieta Kania
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
| | | | - Dan Croft
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | | | | | - Kevin M. Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
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7
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Joushomme A, Garenne A, Dufossée M, Renom R, Ruigrok HJ, Chappe YL, Canovi A, Patrignoni L, Hurtier A, Poulletier de Gannes F, Lagroye I, Lévêque P, Lewis N, Priault M, Arnaud-Cormos D, Percherancier Y. Label-Free Study of the Global Cell Behavior during Exposure to Environmental Radiofrequency Fields in the Presence or Absence of Pro-Apoptotic or Pro-Autophagic Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020658. [PMID: 35054844 PMCID: PMC8776001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains controversial whether exposure to environmental radiofrequency signals (RF) impacts cell status or response to cellular stress such as apoptosis or autophagy. We used two label-free techniques, cellular impedancemetry and Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM), to assess the overall cellular response during RF exposure alone, or during co-exposure to RF and chemical treatments known to induce either apoptosis or autophagy. Two human cell lines (SH-SY5Y and HCT116) and two cultures of primary rat cortex cells (astrocytes and co-culture of neurons and glial cells) were exposed to RF using an 1800 MHz carrier wave modulated with various environmental signals (GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications, 2G signal), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, 3G signal), LTE (Long-Term Evolution, 4G signal, and Wi-Fi) or unmodulated RF (continuous wave, CW). The specific absorption rates (S.A.R.) used were 1.5 and 6 W/kg during DHM experiments and ranged from 5 to 24 W/kg during the recording of cellular impedance. Cells were continuously exposed for three to five consecutive days while the temporal phenotypic signature of cells behavior was recorded at constant temperature. Statistical analysis of the results does not indicate that RF-EMF exposure impacted the global behavior of healthy, apoptotic, or autophagic cells, even at S.A.R. levels higher than the guidelines, provided that the temperature was kept constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Joushomme
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMS/UMR 5218, F-33400 Talence, France; (A.J.); (A.G.); (R.R.); (H.J.R.); (Y.L.C.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (A.H.); (F.P.d.G.); (I.L.); (N.L.)
| | - André Garenne
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMS/UMR 5218, F-33400 Talence, France; (A.J.); (A.G.); (R.R.); (H.J.R.); (Y.L.C.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (A.H.); (F.P.d.G.); (I.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Mélody Dufossée
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC/UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Rémy Renom
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMS/UMR 5218, F-33400 Talence, France; (A.J.); (A.G.); (R.R.); (H.J.R.); (Y.L.C.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (A.H.); (F.P.d.G.); (I.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Hermanus Johannes Ruigrok
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMS/UMR 5218, F-33400 Talence, France; (A.J.); (A.G.); (R.R.); (H.J.R.); (Y.L.C.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (A.H.); (F.P.d.G.); (I.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Yann Loick Chappe
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMS/UMR 5218, F-33400 Talence, France; (A.J.); (A.G.); (R.R.); (H.J.R.); (Y.L.C.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (A.H.); (F.P.d.G.); (I.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Anne Canovi
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMS/UMR 5218, F-33400 Talence, France; (A.J.); (A.G.); (R.R.); (H.J.R.); (Y.L.C.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (A.H.); (F.P.d.G.); (I.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Lorenza Patrignoni
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMS/UMR 5218, F-33400 Talence, France; (A.J.); (A.G.); (R.R.); (H.J.R.); (Y.L.C.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (A.H.); (F.P.d.G.); (I.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Annabelle Hurtier
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMS/UMR 5218, F-33400 Talence, France; (A.J.); (A.G.); (R.R.); (H.J.R.); (Y.L.C.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (A.H.); (F.P.d.G.); (I.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Florence Poulletier de Gannes
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMS/UMR 5218, F-33400 Talence, France; (A.J.); (A.G.); (R.R.); (H.J.R.); (Y.L.C.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (A.H.); (F.P.d.G.); (I.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Isabelle Lagroye
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMS/UMR 5218, F-33400 Talence, France; (A.J.); (A.G.); (R.R.); (H.J.R.); (Y.L.C.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (A.H.); (F.P.d.G.); (I.L.); (N.L.)
- Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lévêque
- Univ. Limoges, CNRS, XLIM/UMR 7252, F-87000 Limoges, France; (P.L.); (D.A.-C.)
| | - Noëlle Lewis
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMS/UMR 5218, F-33400 Talence, France; (A.J.); (A.G.); (R.R.); (H.J.R.); (Y.L.C.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (A.H.); (F.P.d.G.); (I.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Muriel Priault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC/UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Delia Arnaud-Cormos
- Univ. Limoges, CNRS, XLIM/UMR 7252, F-87000 Limoges, France; (P.L.); (D.A.-C.)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Yann Percherancier
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMS/UMR 5218, F-33400 Talence, France; (A.J.); (A.G.); (R.R.); (H.J.R.); (Y.L.C.); (A.C.); (L.P.); (A.H.); (F.P.d.G.); (I.L.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-5-40-00-27-24
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8
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TRAIL Triggers CRAC-Dependent Calcium Influx and Apoptosis through the Recruitment of Autophagy Proteins to Death-Inducing Signaling Complex. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010057. [PMID: 35011619 PMCID: PMC8750441 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively kills various cancer cell types, but also leads to the activation of signaling pathways that favor resistance to cell death. Here, we investigated the as yet unknown roles of calcium signaling and autophagy regulatory proteins during TRAIL-induced cell death in leukemia cells. Taking advantage of the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) project, we first found that leukemia patients present a unique TRAIL receptor gene expression pattern that may reflect their resistance to TRAIL. The exposure of NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells to TRAIL induces intracellular Ca2+ influx through a calcium release-activated channel (CRAC)-dependent mechanism, leading to an anti-apoptotic response. Mechanistically, we showed that upon TRAIL treatment, two autophagy proteins, ATG7 and p62/SQSTM1, are recruited to the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and are essential for TRAIL-induced Ca2+ influx and cell death. Importantly, the treatment of NB4 cells with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) led to the upregulation of p62/SQSTM1 and caspase-8 and, when added prior to TRAIL stimulation, significantly enhanced DISC formation and the apoptosis induced by TRAIL. In addition to uncovering new pleiotropic roles for autophagy proteins in controlling the calcium response and apoptosis triggered by TRAIL, our results point to novel therapeutic strategies for sensitizing leukemia cells to TRAIL.
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9
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Hu Z, Sankar DS, Vu B, Leytens A, Vionnet C, Wu W, Stumpe M, Martínez-Martínez E, Stork B, Dengjel J. ULK1 phosphorylation of striatin activates protein phosphatase 2A and autophagy. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109762. [PMID: 34592149 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved ULK1 kinase complex acts as gatekeeper of canonical autophagy and regulates induction of autophagosome biogenesis. To better understand control of ULK1 and analyze whether ULK1 has broader functions that are also linked to the later steps of autophagy, we perform comprehensive phosphoproteomic analyses. Combining in vivo with in vitro data, we identify numerous direct ULK1 target sites within autophagy-relevant proteins that are critical for autophagosome maturation and turnover. In addition, we highlight an intimate crosstalk between ULK1 and several phosphatase complexes. ULK1 is not only a PP2A target but also directly phosphorylates the regulatory PP2A subunit striatin, activating PP2A and serving as positive feedback to promote autophagy-dependent protein turnover. Thus, ULK1 and phosphatase activities are tightly coordinated to robustly regulate protein degradation by autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehan Hu
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Bich Vu
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Leytens
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christine Vionnet
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Wenxian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Stumpe
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Björn Stork
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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10
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Towers CG, Wodetzki DK, Thorburn J, Smith KR, Caino MC, Thorburn A. Mitochondrial-derived vesicles compensate for loss of LC3-mediated mitophagy. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2029-2042.e5. [PMID: 34171288 PMCID: PMC8319140 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical metabolic and signaling hubs, and dysregulated mitochondrial homeostasis is implicated in many diseases. Degradation of damaged mitochondria by selective GABARAP/LC3-dependent macro-autophagy (mitophagy) is critical for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. To identify alternate forms of mitochondrial quality control that functionally compensate if mitophagy is inactive, we selected for autophagy-dependent cancer cells that survived loss of LC3-dependent autophagosome formation caused by inactivation of ATG7 or RB1CC1/FIP200. We discovered rare surviving autophagy-deficient clones that adapted to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis after gene inactivation and identified two enhanced mechanisms affecting mitochondria including mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs). To further understand these mechanisms, we quantified MDVs via flow cytometry and confirmed an SNX9-mediated mechanism necessary for flux of MDVs to lysosomes. We show that the autophagy-dependent cells acquire unique dependencies on these processes, indicating that these alternate forms of mitochondrial homeostasis compensate for loss of autophagy to maintain mitochondrial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina G Towers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Darya K Wodetzki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jacqueline Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Katharine R Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - M Cecilia Caino
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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11
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Sønder SL, Häger SC, Heitmann ASB, Frankel LB, Dias C, Simonsen AC, Nylandsted J. Restructuring of the plasma membrane upon damage by LC3-associated macropinocytosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg1969. [PMID: 34215587 PMCID: PMC11057704 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane shapes and protects the eukaryotic cell from its surroundings and is crucial for cell life. Although initial repair mechanisms to reseal injured membranes are well established, less is known about how cells restructure damaged membranes in the aftermath to restore homeostasis. Here, we show that cells respond to plasma membrane injury by activating proteins associated with macropinocytosis specifically at the damaged membrane. Subsequent to membrane resealing, cells form large macropinosomes originating from the repair site, which eventually become positive for autophagy-related LC3B protein. This process occurs independent of ULK1, ATG13, and WIPI2 but dependent on ATG7, p62, and Rubicon. Internalized macropinosomes shrink in the cytoplasm, likely by osmotic draining, and eventually fuse with lysosomes. We propose that a form of macropinocytosis coupled to noncanonical autophagy, which we term LC3-associated macropinocytosis (LAM) functions to remove damaged material from the plasma membrane and restore membrane integrity upon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Lauritzen Sønder
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Swantje Christin Häger
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Busk Heitmann
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa B Frankel
- RNA and Autophagy, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Catarina Dias
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam Cohen Simonsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jesper Nylandsted
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3C, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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12
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Barthet VJA, Brucoli M, Ladds MJGW, Nössing C, Kiourtis C, Baudot AD, O'Prey J, Zunino B, Müller M, May S, Nixon C, Long JS, Bird TG, Ryan KM. Autophagy suppresses the formation of hepatocyte-derived cancer-initiating ductular progenitor cells in the liver. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf9141. [PMID: 34088666 PMCID: PMC8177709 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf9141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is driven by repeated rounds of inflammation, leading to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and, ultimately, cancer. A critical step in HCC formation is the transition from fibrosis to cirrhosis, which is associated with a change in the liver parenchyma called ductular reaction. Here, we report a genetically engineered mouse model of HCC driven by loss of macroautophagy and hemizygosity of phosphatase and tensin homolog, which develops HCC involving ductular reaction. We show through lineage tracing that, following loss of autophagy, mature hepatocytes dedifferentiate into biliary-like liver progenitor cells (ductular reaction), giving rise to HCC. Furthermore, this change is associated with deregulation of yes-associated protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif transcription factors, and the combined, but not individual, deletion of these factors completely reverses the dedifferentiation capacity and tumorigenesis. These findings therefore increase our understanding of the cell of origin of HCC development and highlight new potential points for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin J A Barthet
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Martina Brucoli
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Marcus J G W Ladds
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Christoph Nössing
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Christos Kiourtis
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Alice D Baudot
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - James O'Prey
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Barbara Zunino
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Miryam Müller
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Stephanie May
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jaclyn S Long
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Thomas G Bird
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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13
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Takeda A, Takano N, Kokuba H, Hino H, Moriya S, Abe A, Hiramoto M, Tsukahara K, Miyazawa K. Macrolide antibiotics enhance the antitumor effect of lansoprazole resulting in lysosomal membrane permeabilization‑associated cell death. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:1280-1292. [PMID: 33173988 PMCID: PMC7646592 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole (LPZ) inhibits the growth of several cancer cell lines, including A549 and CAL 27. We previously reported that macrolide antibiotics such as azithromycin (AZM) and clarithromycin (CAM) potently inhibit autophagic flux and that combining AZM or CAM with the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors enhanced their antitumor effect against various cancer cells. In the present study, we conducted the combination treatment with LPZ and macrolide antibiotics against A549 and CAL 27 cells and evaluated cytotoxicity and morphological changes using cell proliferation and viability assays, flow cytometric analysis, immunoblotting, and morphological assessment. Combination therapy with LPZ and AZM greatly enhanced LPZ-induced cell death, whereas treatment with AZM alone exhibited negligible cytotoxicity. The observed cytotoxic effect was not mediated through apoptosis or necroptosis. Transmission electron microscopy of A549 cells treated with the LPZ + AZM combination revealed morphological changes associated with necrosis and accumulated autolysosomes with undigested contents. Furthermore, the A549 cell line with ATG5 knockout exhibited complete inhibition of autophagosome formation, which did not affect LPZ + AZM treatment-induced cytotoxicity, thus excluding the involvement of autophagy-dependent cell death in LPZ + AZM treatment-induced cell death. A549 cells treated with LPZ + AZM combination therapy retained the endosomal Alexa-dextran for extended duration as compared to untreated control cells, thus indicating impairment of lysosomal digestion. Notably, lysosomal galectin-3 puncta expression induced due to lysosomal membrane permeabilization was increased in cells treated with LPZ + AZM combination as compared to the treatment by either agent alone. Collectively, the present results revealed AZM-induced autolysosome accumulation, potentiated LPZ-mediated necrosis, and lysosomal membrane permeabilization, thus suggesting the potential clinical application of LPZ + AZM combination therapy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuo Takeda
- Department of Otolaryngology (Head and Neck Surgery), Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑8402, Japan
| | - Naoharu Takano
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑8402, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kokuba
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑8402, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Hino
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑8402, Japan
| | - Shota Moriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑8402, Japan
| | - Akihisa Abe
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑8402, Japan
| | - Masaki Hiramoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑8402, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Tsukahara
- Department of Otolaryngology (Head and Neck Surgery), Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑8402, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑8402, Japan
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14
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Huang X, Chen S, Yang X, Yang X, Zhang T, Zhou G. Friend or Enemy: A Dual Role of Autophagy in Plant Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:736. [PMID: 32373106 PMCID: PMC7186577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a primary protective process that involves removing damaged organelles or dysfunctional proteins in eukaryotes. The autophagy pathway not only maintains cellular homeostasis, but also modulates the host's cellular response to pathogen infection. Several studies proved that autophagy plays a dominant role in plant fitness and immunity. As intracellular parasites, the replication and spread of viruses entirely rely upon the molecular machinery of the host cell, including the autophagy process. Plant viruses severely affect crop yields and quality. During infection, complex interactions occur between viral proteins and host factors in relation to plant defense and virus counter-defense. An increasing number of studies demonstrated that plants use autophagy to eliminate and inhibit viruses; some viruses were shown to manipulate the process of autophagy to promote their own replication and survival in plant cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances in plant autophagy, with an emphasis on the role of autophagy in plant virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siping Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohui Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Vanzo R, Bartkova J, Merchut-Maya JM, Hall A, Bouchal J, Dyrskjøt L, Frankel LB, Gorgoulis V, Maya-Mendoza A, Jäättelä M, Bartek J. Autophagy role(s) in response to oncogenes and DNA replication stress. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:1134-1153. [PMID: 31409894 PMCID: PMC7206042 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that captures aberrant intracellular proteins and/or damaged organelles for delivery to lysosomes, with implications for cellular and organismal homeostasis, aging and diverse pathologies, including cancer. During cancer development, autophagy may play both tumour-supporting and tumour-suppressing roles. Any relationships of autophagy to the established oncogene-induced replication stress (RS) and the ensuing DNA damage response (DDR)-mediated anti-cancer barrier in early tumorigenesis remain to be elucidated. Here, assessing potential links between autophagy, RS and DDR, we found that autophagy is enhanced in both early and advanced stages of human urinary bladder and prostate tumorigenesis. Furthermore, a high-content, single-cell-level microscopy analysis of human cellular models exposed to diverse genotoxic insults showed that autophagy is enhanced in cells that experienced robust DNA damage, independently of the cell-cycle position. Oncogene- and drug-induced RS triggered first DDR and later autophagy. Unexpectedly, genetic inactivation of autophagy resulted in RS, despite cellular retention of functional mitochondria and normal ROS levels. Moreover, recovery from experimentally induced RS required autophagy to support DNA synthesis. Consistently, RS due to the absence of autophagy could be partly alleviated by exogenous supply of deoxynucleosides. Our results highlight the importance of autophagy for DNA synthesis, suggesting that autophagy may support cancer progression, at least in part, by facilitating tumour cell survival and fitness under replication stress, a feature shared by most malignancies. These findings have implications for better understanding of the role of autophagy in tumorigenesis, as well as for attempts to manipulate autophagy as an anti-tumour therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Vanzo
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jirina Bartkova
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Genome Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Arnaldur Hall
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Bouchal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lars Dyrskjøt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisa B Frankel
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vassilis Gorgoulis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Faculty Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Marja Jäättelä
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Genome Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Michalopoulou E, Auciello FR, Bulusu V, Strachan D, Campbell AD, Tait-Mulder J, Karim SA, Morton JP, Sansom OJ, Kamphorst JJ. Macropinocytosis Renders a Subset of Pancreatic Tumor Cells Resistant to mTOR Inhibition. Cell Rep 2020; 30:2729-2742.e4. [PMID: 32101748 PMCID: PMC7043007 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) features a near-universal mutation in KRAS. Additionally, the tumor suppressor PTEN is lost in ∼10% of patients, and in mouse models, this dramatically accelerates tumor progression. While oncogenic KRAS and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) cause divergent metabolic phenotypes individually, how they synergize to promote tumor metabolic alterations and dependencies remains unknown. We show that in KRAS-driven murine PDAC cells, loss of Pten strongly enhances both mTOR signaling and macropinocytosis. Protein scavenging alleviates sensitivity to mTOR inhibition by rescuing AKT phosphorylation at serine 473 and consequently cell proliferation. Combined inhibition of mTOR and lysosomal processing of internalized protein eliminates the macropinocytosis-mediated resistance. Our results indicate that mTORC2, rather than mTORC1, is an important regulator of protein scavenging and that protein-mediated resistance could explain the lack of effectiveness of mTOR inhibitors in certain genetic backgrounds. Concurrent inhibition of mTOR and protein scavenging might be a valuable therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdokia Michalopoulou
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Francesca R Auciello
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Vinay Bulusu
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - David Strachan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Andrew D Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jacqueline Tait-Mulder
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Saadia A Karim
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jurre J Kamphorst
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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17
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Ito M, Tanaka T, Ishii T, Wakashima T, Fukui K, Nangaku M. Prolyl hydroxylase inhibition protects the kidneys from ischemia via upregulation of glycogen storage. Kidney Int 2019; 97:687-701. [PMID: 32033782 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) mediates protection via hypoxic preconditioning in both, in vitro and in vivo ischemia models. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins serve as the main HIF regulator via hydroxylation of HIFα leading to its degradation. At present, prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors including enarodustat are under clinical trials for the treatment of renal anemia. In an in vitro model of ischemia produced by oxygen-glucose deprivation of renal proximal tubule cells in culture, enarodustat treatment and siRNA knockdown of prolyl hydroxylase 2, but not of prolyl hydroxylase 1 or prolyl hydroxylase 3, significantly increased the cell viability and reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species. These effects were offset by the simultaneous knockdown of HIF1α. In another in vitro ischemia model induced by the blockade of oxidative phosphorylation with rotenone/antimycin A, enarodustat-enhanced glycogen storage prolonged glycolysis and delayed ATP depletion. Although autophagy is another possible mechanism of prolyl hydroxylase inhibition-induced cytoprotection, gene knockout of a key autophagy associated protein, Atg5, did not affect the protection. Enarodustat increased the expression of several enzymes involved in glycogen synthesis, including phosphoglucomutase 1, glycogen synthase 1, and 1,4-α glucan branching enzyme. Increased glycogen served as substrate for ATP and NADP production and augmented reduction of glutathione. Inhibition of glycogen synthase 1 and glutathione reductase nullified enarodustat's protective effect. Enarodustat also protected the kidneys in a rat ischemia reperfusion injury model and the protection was partially abrogated by inhibiting glycogenolysis. Thus, prolyl hydroxylase inhibition protects the kidney from ischemia via upregulation of glycogen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ito
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Taisuke Ishii
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Wakashima
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Biological and Pharmacological Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukui
- Biological and Pharmacological Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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18
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Holdgaard SG, Cianfanelli V, Pupo E, Lambrughi M, Lubas M, Nielsen JC, Eibes S, Maiani E, Harder LM, Wesch N, Foged MM, Maeda K, Nazio F, de la Ballina LR, Dötsch V, Brech A, Frankel LB, Jäättelä M, Locatelli F, Barisic M, Andersen JS, Bekker-Jensen S, Lund AH, Rogov VV, Papaleo E, Lanzetti L, De Zio D, Cecconi F. Selective autophagy maintains centrosome integrity and accurate mitosis by turnover of centriolar satellites. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4176. [PMID: 31519908 PMCID: PMC6744468 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome is the master orchestrator of mitotic spindle formation and chromosome segregation in animal cells. Centrosome abnormalities are frequently observed in cancer, but little is known of their origin and about pathways affecting centrosome homeostasis. Here we show that autophagy preserves centrosome organization and stability through selective turnover of centriolar satellite components, a process we termed doryphagy. Autophagy targets the satellite organizer PCM1 by interacting with GABARAPs via a C-terminal LIR motif. Accordingly, autophagy deficiency results in accumulation of large abnormal centriolar satellites and a resultant dysregulation of centrosome composition. These alterations have critical impact on centrosome stability and lead to mitotic centrosome fragmentation and unbalanced chromosome segregation. Our findings identify doryphagy as an important centrosome-regulating pathway and bring mechanistic insights to the link between autophagy dysfunction and chromosomal instability. In addition, we highlight the vital role of centriolar satellites in maintaining centrosome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søs Grønbæk Holdgaard
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Valentina Cianfanelli
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Emanuela Pupo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, 10100, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060, Italy
| | - Matteo Lambrughi
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Michal Lubas
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Julie C Nielsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Susana Eibes
- Cell Division Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Emiliano Maiani
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Lea M Harder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Nicole Wesch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mads Møller Foged
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Francesca Nazio
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, 00143, Italy
| | - Laura R de la Ballina
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Brech
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa B Frankel
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
- RNA and Autophagy group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, 00143, Italy
- Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Marin Barisic
- Cell Division Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Jens S Andersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Simon Bekker-Jensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Anders H Lund
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Vladimir V Rogov
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Turin, 10100, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060, Italy
| | - Daniela De Zio
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, 00143, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy.
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19
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Cancer Cells Upregulate NRF2 Signaling to Adapt to Autophagy Inhibition. Dev Cell 2019; 50:690-703.e6. [PMID: 31378590 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While autophagy is thought to be an essential process in some cancer cells, it is unknown if or how such cancer cells can circumvent autophagy inhibition. To address this, we developed a CRISPR/Cas9 assay with dynamic live-cell imaging to measure acute effects of knockout (KO) of autophagy genes compared to known essential and non-essential genes. In some cancer cells, autophagy is as essential for cancer cell growth as mRNA transcription or translation or DNA replication. However, even these highly autophagy-dependent cancer cells evolve to circumvent loss of autophagy by upregulating NRF2, which is necessary and sufficient for autophagy-dependent cells to circumvent ATG7 KO and maintain protein homeostasis. Importantly, however, this adaptation increases susceptibly to proteasome inhibitors. These studies identify a common mechanism of acquired resistance to autophagy inhibition and show that selection to avoid tumor cell dependency on autophagy creates new, potentially actionable cancer cell susceptibilities.
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20
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Shoemaker CJ, Huang TQ, Weir NR, Polyakov NJ, Schultz SW, Denic V. CRISPR screening using an expanded toolkit of autophagy reporters identifies TMEM41B as a novel autophagy factor. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e2007044. [PMID: 30933966 PMCID: PMC6459555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2007044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The power of forward genetics in yeast is the foundation on which the field of autophagy research firmly stands. Complementary work on autophagy in higher eukaryotes has revealed both the deep conservation of this process, as well as novel mechanisms by which autophagy is regulated in the context of development, immunity, and neuronal homeostasis. The recent emergence of new clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-based technologies has begun facilitating efforts to define novel autophagy factors and pathways by forward genetic screening in mammalian cells. Here, we set out to develop an expanded toolkit of autophagy reporters amenable to CRISPR/Cas9 screening. Genome-wide screening of our reporters in mammalian cells recovered virtually all known autophagy-related (ATG) factors as well as previously uncharacterized factors, including vacuolar protein sorting 37 homolog A (VPS37A), transmembrane protein 251 (TMEM251), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 (ALS2), and TMEM41B. To validate this data set, we used quantitative microscopy and biochemical analyses to show that 1 novel hit, TMEM41B, is required for phagophore maturation. TMEM41B is an integral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein distantly related to the established autophagy factor vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1), and our data show that these two factors play related, albeit not fully overlapping, roles in autophagosome biogenesis. In sum, our work uncovers new ATG factors, reveals a malleable network of autophagy receptor genetic interactions, and provides a valuable resource (http://crispr.deniclab.com) for further mining of novel autophagy mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Shoemaker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Northwest Labs, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tina Q. Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Northwest Labs, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicholas R. Weir
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Northwest Labs, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicole J. Polyakov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Northwest Labs, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sebastian W. Schultz
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vladimir Denic
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Northwest Labs, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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21
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Tiessen I, Abildgaard MH, Lubas M, Gylling HM, Steinhauer C, Pietras EJ, Diederichs S, Frankel LB, Lund AH. A high-throughput screen identifies the long non-coding RNA DRAIC as a regulator of autophagy. Oncogene 2019; 38:5127-5141. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Novo D, Heath N, Mitchell L, Caligiuri G, MacFarlane A, Reijmer D, Charlton L, Knight J, Calka M, McGhee E, Dornier E, Sumpton D, Mason S, Echard A, Klinkert K, Secklehner J, Kruiswijk F, Vousden K, Macpherson IR, Blyth K, Bailey P, Yin H, Carlin LM, Morton J, Zanivan S, Norman JC. Mutant p53s generate pro-invasive niches by influencing exosome podocalyxin levels. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5069. [PMID: 30498210 PMCID: PMC6265295 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant p53s (mutp53) increase cancer invasiveness by upregulating Rab-coupling protein (RCP) and diacylglycerol kinase-α (DGKα)-dependent endosomal recycling. Here we report that mutp53-expressing tumour cells produce exosomes that mediate intercellular transfer of mutp53's invasive/migratory gain-of-function by increasing RCP-dependent integrin recycling in other tumour cells. This process depends on mutp53's ability to control production of the sialomucin, podocalyxin, and activity of the Rab35 GTPase which interacts with podocalyxin to influence its sorting to exosomes. Exosomes from mutp53-expressing tumour cells also influence integrin trafficking in normal fibroblasts to promote deposition of a highly pro-invasive extracellular matrix (ECM), and quantitative second harmonic generation microscopy indicates that this ECM displays a characteristic orthogonal morphology. The lung ECM of mice possessing mutp53-driven pancreatic adenocarcinomas also displays increased orthogonal characteristics which precedes metastasis, indicating that mutp53 can influence the microenvironment in distant organs in a way that can support invasive growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Novo
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - Nikki Heath
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - Louise Mitchell
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Amanda MacFarlane
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - Dide Reijmer
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - Laura Charlton
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - John Knight
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - Monika Calka
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Ewan McGhee
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - Emmanuel Dornier
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - David Sumpton
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - Susan Mason
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection Department, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris, 75724, France
| | - Kerstin Klinkert
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection Department, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris, 75724, France
| | - Judith Secklehner
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
- Inflammation, Repair & Development, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Flore Kruiswijk
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - Karen Vousden
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1ST, UK
| | - Iain R Macpherson
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Peter Bailey
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G611QH, UK
| | - Huabing Yin
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Leo M Carlin
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
- Inflammation, Repair & Development, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jennifer Morton
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jim C Norman
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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23
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Lubas M, Harder LM, Kumsta C, Tiessen I, Hansen M, Andersen JS, Lund AH, Frankel LB. eIF5A is required for autophagy by mediating ATG3 translation. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:e46072. [PMID: 29712776 PMCID: PMC5989740 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential catabolic process responsible for recycling of intracellular material and preserving cellular fidelity. Key to the autophagy pathway is the ubiquitin-like conjugation system mediating lipidation of Atg8 proteins and their anchoring to autophagosomal membranes. While regulation of autophagy has been characterized at the level of transcription, protein interactions and post-translational modifications, its translational regulation remains elusive. Here we describe a role for the conserved eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) in autophagy. Identified from a high-throughput screen, we find that eIF5A is required for lipidation of LC3B and its paralogs and promotes autophagosome formation. This feature is evolutionarily conserved and results from the translation of the E2-like ATG3 protein. Mechanistically, we identify an amino acid motif in ATG3 causing eIF5A dependency for its efficient translation. Our study identifies eIF5A as a key requirement for autophagosome formation and demonstrates the importance of translation in mediating efficient autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Lubas
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lea M Harder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Caroline Kumsta
- Program of Development, Aging and Regeneration, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Imke Tiessen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malene Hansen
- Program of Development, Aging and Regeneration, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jens S Andersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders H Lund
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa B Frankel
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Fitzwalter BE, Towers CG, Sullivan KD, Andrysik Z, Hoh M, Ludwig M, O'Prey J, Ryan KM, Espinosa JM, Morgan MJ, Thorburn A. Autophagy Inhibition Mediates Apoptosis Sensitization in Cancer Therapy by Relieving FOXO3a Turnover. Dev Cell 2018; 44:555-565.e3. [PMID: 29533771 PMCID: PMC5866042 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy) is intimately linked with cell death and allows cells to evade apoptosis. This has prompted clinical trials to combine autophagy inhibitors with other drugs with the aim of increasing the likelihood of cancer cells dying. However, the molecular basis for such effects is unknown. Here, we describe a transcriptional mechanism that connects autophagy to apoptosis. The autophagy-regulating transcription factor, FOXO3a, is itself turned over by basal autophagy creating a potential feedback loop. Increased FOXO3a upon autophagy inhibition stimulates transcription of the pro-apoptotic BBC3/PUMA gene to cause apoptosis sensitization. This mechanism explains how autophagy inhibition can sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy drugs and allows an autophagy inhibitor to change the action of an MDM2-targeted drug from growth inhibition to apoptosis, reducing tumor burden in vivo. Thus, a link between two processes mediated via a single transcription factor binding site in the genome can be leveraged to improve anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent E Fitzwalter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8303, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Room L18-6105, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christina G Towers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8303, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Room L18-6105, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kelly D Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8303, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Room L18-6105, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zdenek Andrysik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8303, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Room L18-6105, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Maria Hoh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8303, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Room L18-6105, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8303, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Room L18-6105, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jim O'Prey
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8303, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Room L18-6105, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael J Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8303, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Room L18-6105, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8303, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Room L18-6105, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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25
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Stryeck S, Birner-Gruenberger R, Madl T. Integrative metabolomics as emerging tool to study autophagy regulation. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2017; 4:240-258. [PMID: 28845422 PMCID: PMC5568430 DOI: 10.15698/mic2017.08.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological developments in metabolomics research have enabled in-depth characterization of complex metabolite mixtures in a wide range of biological, biomedical, environmental, agricultural, and nutritional research fields. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry are the two main platforms for performing metabolomics studies. Given their broad applicability and the systemic insight into metabolism that can be obtained it is not surprising that metabolomics becomes increasingly popular in basic biological research. In this review, we provide an overview on key metabolites, recent studies, and future opportunities for metabolomics in studying autophagy regulation. Metabolites play a pivotal role in autophagy regulation and are therefore key targets for autophagy research. Given the recent success of metabolomics, it can be expected that metabolomics approaches will contribute significantly to deciphering the complex regulatory mechanisms involved in autophagy in the near future and promote understanding of autophagy and autophagy-related diseases in living cells and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stryeck
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Research Unit for Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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26
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Cui J, Chew SJL, Shi Y, Gong Z, Shen HM. CRISPR system for genome engineering: the application for autophagy study. BMB Rep 2017; 50:247-256. [PMID: 28288698 PMCID: PMC5458674 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.5.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 is the latest tool introduced in the field of genome engineering and is so far the best genome-editing tool as compared to its precedents such as, meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effectors (TALENs). The simple design and assembly of the CRISPR/Cas9 system makes genome editing easy to perform as it uses small guide RNAs that correspond to their DNA targets for high efficiency editing. This has helped open the doors for multiplexible genome targeting in many species that were intractable using old genetic perturbation techniques. Currently, The CRISPR system is revolutionizing the way biological researches are conducted and paves a bright future not only in research but also in medicine and biotechnology. In this review, we evaluated the history, types and structure, the mechanism of action of CRISPR/Cas System. In particular, we focused on the application of this powerful tool in autophagy research. [BMB Reports 2017; 50(5): 247-256].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhou Cui
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of
Singapore
| | - Shirley Jia Li Chew
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of
Singapore
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of
Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of
Singapore
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of
Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore,
Singapore
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