1
|
Labbo MS, Qu L, Xu C, Bai W, Ayele Atumo E, Jiang X. Understanding risky driving behaviors among young novice drivers in Nigeria: A latent class analysis coupled with association rule mining approach. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 200:107557. [PMID: 38537532 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Traffic crashes are significant public health concern in Nigeria, particularly among young drivers. The study aims to explore the underlying pattern of risky driving behaviors and the associations with demographic factors among young drivers in Nigeria. A combined approach of Latent Class Analysis (LCA) and Association Rule Mining is applied to the dataset comprising responses from 684 young drivers who complete the "Behavior of Young Novice Drivers Scale" (BYND) questionnaires. The LCA identifies four distinct classes of drivers based on the risky behavior profiles: Reckless-Speedsters, Cautious Drivers, Distracted Multitaskers, and Emotion-impacted Drivers. Association rule mining further connects these driver classes to demographic and driving history variables, uncovering intriguing insights. Reckless-Speedsters predominantly consist of young males who engage in riskier driving behaviors, including exceeding speed limits and disregarding traffic rules. Conversely, Cautious Drivers, also predominantly young males, exhibit a safer driving profile marked by rule adherence and a notably lower crash rate. Distracted Multitaskers, sharing a demographic profile with Cautious Drivers, diverge significantly due to their higher crash involvement, hinting at a propensity for distracted driving practices. Lastly, Emotion-Impacted Drivers, primarily comprising young employed males, display behaviors influenced by emotions, shorter driving distances, and prior unsupervised driving experience. Most of the behaviors are attributed to inadequate traffic control, absence of traffic signs in most of the roads, preferential treatment, and lack of strict law enforcement in the country. The findings hold substantial implications for road safety interventions in Nigeria, urging targeted approaches to address the unique challenges presented by each driver class. With acknowledging the study limitations and advocating for future research in objective measures and emotion-behavior interactions, the comprehensive approach provides a robust foundation for enhancing road safety in the Nigerian context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muwaffaq Safiyanu Labbo
- School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, West Park, High-Tech District, Chengdu 611756, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, West Park, High-Tech District, Chengdu 611756, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Aliko Dangote University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Lin Qu
- School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, West Park, High-Tech District, Chengdu 611756, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, West Park, High-Tech District, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, West Park, High-Tech District, Chengdu 611756, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, West Park, High-Tech District, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Department of Road Traffic Management, Sichuan Police College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Xinguo Jiang
- School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, West Park, High-Tech District, Chengdu 611756, China; National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, West Park, High-Tech District, Chengdu 611756, China; School of Transportation, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stangeland H, Aakvaag HF, Baumann-Larsen M, Wentzel-Larsen T, Storheim K, Zwart JA, Dyb G, Stensland SØ. Problematic alcohol use in young adults exposed to childhood trauma: The Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study. J Trauma Stress 2023; 36:968-979. [PMID: 37665694 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Problematic alcohol use (PAU) severely impacts the health, functioning, and long-term prospects of young people. Prior research indicates that childhood trauma exposure may be an important risk factor for PAU, but few longitudinal studies have looked at how specific trauma types influence this risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between childhood trauma exposure and PAU in a large, population-based cohort of young people. The study sample included 1,913 adolescents who participated in the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) between 2006 and 2008 (age range: 12-20) and completed follow-up 10 years later as young adults (age range: 22-32). The results revealed an increased risk of PAU in young adults exposed to childhood trauma, especially direct physical violence, OR = 2.38, [95% CI 1.56, 3.64]. Young adults who had witnessed violence, OR = 1.55, [95% CI 1.11, 2.17], or experienced an accident, disaster, or other traumatic event, OR = 1.60, [95% CI 1.19, 2.15], also had higher odds of PAU compared to those without such experiences. These associations remained consistent after adjusting for symptoms of headaches and pain as well as posttraumatic and general psychological distress as reported by the participants in adolescence. Future prevention efforts targeting PAU among adolescents and young adults should address violence and other trauma exposure as potential drivers of problematic drinking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helle Stangeland
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Monica Baumann-Larsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Wentzel-Larsen
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Storheim
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Anker Zwart
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grete Dyb
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synne Øien Stensland
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li J, Zhou Y, Ge Y, Qu W. Sensation seeking predicts risky driving behavior: The mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 43:1871-1886. [PMID: 36314116 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating effect of difficulties in emotion regulation on the relationship between sensation seeking and driving behavior based on the dual-process model of aberrant driving behavior. A sample of 299 drivers in China completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Driver Behavior Questionnaire, and the Sensation Seeking Scale V (SSS). The relationships among sensation seeking, difficulties in emotion regulation, and driving behavior were investigated using pathway analysis. The results showed that (1) disinhibition and boredom susceptibility are positively and significantly related to difficulties in emotion regulation and risky driving behaviors; (2) difficulties in emotion regulation are positively and significantly associated with risky driving behaviors; (3) difficulties in emotion regulation mediate the effect of sensation seeking on driving behaviors, supporting the dual-process model of driving behavior; and (4) professional drivers score higher in terms of difficulties in emotion regulation and risky driving behaviors than nonprofessional drivers. The findings of this study could provide valuable insights into the selection of suitable drivers and the development of certain programs that benefit road safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weina Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Adavikottu A, Velaga NR. Analysis of speed reductions and crash risk of aggressive drivers during emergent pre-crash scenarios at unsignalized intersections. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2023; 187:107088. [PMID: 37098314 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Aggressive driver behavior (ADB) is often linked with road crashes, especially during crash imminent situations. Previous studies demonstrated that ADB was positively correlated with collision risk; however, this relationship has not quantified evidently. This study aimed to analyze drivers' collision risk and speed reduction behavior during an emergent pre-crash scenario (such as a conflict encroaching into an unsignalized intersection at different critical time gaps) using a driving simulator. The effect of ADB on crash risk is investigated using the time to collision (TTC). Further, drivers' collision evasive behavior is analyzed using speed reduction time (SRT) survival probabilities. Fifty-eight Indian drivers are identified as aggressive, moderately aggressive, and, non-aggressive based on aggressive indicators such as vehicle kinematics (percentage of the time spent in speeding and rapid accelerations, maximum brake pressure, etc.). Two separate models are built to analyze ADB effects on TTC and SRT using a Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) and a Weibull Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) model, respectively. From the results, it can be observed that aggressive drivers' TTC and SRT are reduced by 82% and 38%, respectively. Compared to a 7 sec conflict approaching time gap, TTC is reduced by 18%, 39%, 51%, and 58% for 6 sec, 5 sec, 4 sec, and 3 sec conflict approaching time gaps, respectively. The estimated SRT survival probabilities for aggressive, moderately aggressive and non-aggressive drivers are 0%, 3% and 68% at 3 sec of conflict approaching time gap, respectively. SRT survival probability increased by 25% for matured drivers and decreased by 48% for drivers who tend to engage in frequent speeding. Important implications of the study findings are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Adavikottu
- Research Scholar, Transportation Systems Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, India
| | - Nagendra R Velaga
- Professor, Transportation Systems Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dhibi M, Alhajyaseen W, Alinier N. Safety and security perceptions in informal transport: the case of Tunisia. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2023; 30:45-56. [PMID: 36036198 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2022.2109679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the perception of safety and security in informal transport in Tunisia. This research employs a questionnaire-based survey of passengers and drivers of informal transport in Tunisia. Interviews were conducted with 215 informal transport Tunisian drivers and 255 Tunisian passengers, all above 18 years of age. Analyses have been made by employing several multivariate statistical analyses. Results showed that personal attributes of informal transport drivers influence their decision to violate traffic laws and to display risky driving behaviors. It was also found that driver skills, personality, education, experience, quality of the car, and information about the road congestion are the main factors influencing safety and security in informal transport. Non-compliance with the law by informal drivers leads to aberrant habits and behaviors as well as to a driving style beyond recognized standards. Informal drivers, police and local authorities are the parties involved in the low safety and security aspects of informal transport. It can be concluded that this study underlines that improving safety and security in informal transport cannot be achieved without improving awareness of the role of traffic laws and the need for their enforcement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Dhibi
- Higher Institute of Management Sousse, Research Laboratory for Management, Innovation and Sustainable Development (LAMIDED), University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Wael Alhajyaseen
- Qatar Transportation and Traffic safety Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Civil & Architecture Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nandini Alinier
- Qatar Transportation and Traffic safety Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He L, Liu C, Shan X, Zhang L, Zheng L, Yu Y, Tian X, Xue B, Zhang Y, Qin X, Wang C, Zhang K, Luo B. Impact of high temperature on road injury mortality in a changing climate, 1990-2019: A global analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159369. [PMID: 36228793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that extreme heat likely increases the risk of road injuries. However, the global burden of road injuries due to high temperature and contributing factors remain unclear. This study aims to characterize the global, regional and national burden of road injuries due to high temperature from 1990 to 2019. METHODS Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019, we obtained the numbers and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rates (ASDR) of the road injury due to high temperature at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2019. The world is divided into five climate zones according to the average annual temperature of each country: tropical, subtropical, warm temperate, cold temperate, and boreal. We used the generalized additive models (GAM) to model the trends of road injuries globally and by region. RESULTS Globally, between 1990 and 2019, the deaths of road injury attributable to high temperature increased significantly from 20,270 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 7836 to 42,716) to 28,396 (95% UI, 13,311 to 51,178), and the DALYs increased from 1,169,309 (95% UI, 450,834 to 2,491,075) to 1,414,527 (95% UI, 658,347 to 2,543,613). But the ASMR and the ASDR slightly decreased by 8.49% and 13.16%, respectively. The burden of road injury death attributable to high temperature remained high in low SDI and tropical regions. In addition, road transport infrastructure investment per inhabitant is associated with the burden of road injuries attributable to high temperature. CONCLUSIONS Globally, the ASMR and ASDR for road injuries attributable to high temperature decreased from 1990 to 2019, but the absolute death and DALYs continued to increase. Thus, concerning global warming, implementation of prevention and interventions to reduce road injuries from heat exposure should be stressed globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ce Liu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Shan
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Yu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baode Xue
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Xiao Qin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Cara Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12211, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
| | - Bin Luo
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Typhoon Institute, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kashani MM, Akbari H, Saberi H, Ghorbanipour R, Karamali F. Driving Fine and its Relationship with Dangerous Driving Behaviour Among Heavy Vehicle Drivers. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2022; 26:266-272. [PMID: 37033749 PMCID: PMC10077724 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_45_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Context There is a significant difference between actual and existing statistics of traffic fines; since some invisible fines and most of the visible traffic violations cannot be recorded by traffic officers. Therefore, dealing with driving fines and road fatalities is considered an important issue in social and public management worldwide. Aims Explore the factors associated with unsafe behaviors and getting traffic fines among a sample of Iranian heavy-vehicle professional drivers. Settings and Design The present cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran, from February 2019 to September 2020. Methods and Material This study used the driver behavior questionnaire (DBQ), demographic and driving characteristics, the number of fines, and structural equation modeling. Also, in this study 320 professional drivers participated. Statistical Analysis Used This article used structural equation modeling for Statistical analysis. Results The results of structural equation modeling analysis indicated that the data fit well with the theoretical model proposed in this study. The number of fines was directly predicted by both demographic and driving characteristics and risky driving behaviors. A significant relationship was observed between, driving hours, driving experience, and smoking, respectively, with a mistake, slip, and risky violation. There was a negative correlation between education and all four sub-scales of risky driving behaviors. Conclusions In order to reduce traffic fines, training courses on increasing attention and precision in drivers' observations and judgments are useful. The courses can decrease traffic violations by trying to change beliefs, attitudes, and social norms. It is therefore helpful to understand the ways to change the drivers' attitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Reihaneh Ghorbanipour
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Karamali
- Department of Health, Safety and Environmental Management, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ghamari A, Rezaei N, Malekpour MR, Azadnajafabad S, Jafari A, Ahmadi N, Bhalla K, Shahraz S, Bose D, Farzadfar F. The effect of non-punitive peer comparison and performance feedback on drivers' behavior using the telematics: The first randomized trial in Iran. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2022; 82:430-437. [PMID: 36031273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive driving is the leading behavior resulting in fatal or nonfatal disabling injuries. Therefore, programs with the main focus on driving behavior could reduce the risk of traffic injuries remarkably. We aimed to investigate the role of non-punitive performance feedback on drivers' behavior and evaluate the persistence of the altered behavior by using in-vehicle telematics. METHODS This study was done as a randomized controlled trial by repeated-measures design to evaluate the non-punitive behavioral intervention's efficacy on the behavioral transition to safer driving for 1,289 bus and 104 taxi drivers. All participants were studied during 17 weeks through three stages: stage 0 (five weeks for collecting the baseline characteristics of the participants), stage 1 (nine weeks for randomizing the participants into intervention group or control group and sending the intervention group feedback via short message service), and stage 2 (three weeks for following-up the participants without sending feedback). The intervention group drivers received weekly text messages about the driving score and drivers' rank within their peer group.The study's primary outcome was the driver score changing pattern throughout the study calculated by a neuro-fuzzy scoring system composed of four factors: speed violation, harsh acceleration, harsh braking, and harsh turning. RESULTS Among the bus drivers, a significant positive effect of the intervention was found in stage 1 (P<0.0001) and in stage 2 (P<0.0001) regarding the calculated scoring system. Among the taxi drivers, a significant positive effect of the intervention was found in stage 1 (P<0.0001), but the effect was not significant in stage 2 (P=0.15). CONCLUSION The results of this study were in favor of using telematics and its positive effect on driving performance. The reformed behavior persisted even after the intervention ceased. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Behavioral interventions could be considered a promising strategy to enhance and promote safe driving performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azin Ghamari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Malekpour
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Azadnajafabad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayyoob Jafari
- Faculty of Electrical, Biomedical and Mechatronics Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kavi Bhalla
- Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Saeid Shahraz
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dipan Bose
- Transport and Digital Development, World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang W, Chen H, Wang S. Who Contributes to the Sunk Costs of Motor Vehicle Carbon Emissions and Human Capital? JOURNAL OF GLOBAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.4018/jgim.300815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Most carbon emission reduction studies in transportation focus on the natural use of motor vehicles. However, little attention has been paid to fatal driving violations that lead to the sunk costs of human resources investment and motor vehicle carbon emissions in the manufacturing process of motor vehicles. This article aimed to determine if a driver would be seriously harmful to human capital investment and carbon emissions reduction. 1893 drivers in China were formally surveyed by questionnaire to find out the statistical characteristics. Results indicated that different drivers show significant differences in different driving violations dimensions. Specific drivers showing horrible driving violation (HDV) and dangerous driving violation (DDV) mainly endanger personal security and environmental damage. The identification of the focused drivers would contribute to formulate more refined management policies in carbon emission reduction, improve natural resource utilization, raise human capital benefit, and promote social sustainable development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- China University of Mining and Technology, China & Wenzhou University of Technology, China & Wenzhou University, China
| | | | - Sufang Wang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Malekpour MR, Azadnajafabad S, Rezazadeh-Khadem S, Bhalla K, Ghasemi E, Heydari ST, Ghamari SH, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Rezaei N, Manian M, Shahraz S, Rezaei N, Lankarani KB, Farzadfar F. The effectiveness of fixed speed cameras on Iranian taxi drivers: An evaluation of the influential factors. Front Public Health 2022; 10:964214. [PMID: 36111189 PMCID: PMC9468364 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.964214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The adherence to speed limits can reduce deaths associated with road traffic injuries (RTIs) by more than a quarter. This study aimed to evaluate the effective factors on the speeding behavior of Iranian taxi drivers around fixed speed cameras. Method Telematics devices used in this study collected the location and speed of the vehicles. The units of analysis in this study were trips per camera, including 2.5 km before and after each camera. Linear regression analysis was used to identify kangaroo driving (KD), defined as trips with a significant V-shape in speed distribution around the camera. In the clustered camera zones, cameras were placed at regular intervals of approximately 3.5 km. Findings A total of 93,160 trips were recorded from 13,857,443 data points. There was an inverse association between drivers' age and KD with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.98 (95% confidence interval: 0.98-0.98). The intercity trips had a substantially higher probability of KD than urban trips (OR: 4.94 [4.73-5.16]). The tendency of drivers toward KD during the daylight hours vs. nighttime was significant for both urban (OR: 1.15 [1.06-1.25]) and intercity (OR: 1.18 [1.14-1.22]) trips. The 4 -8 a.m. period had the highest chance of KD in both urban (10.71% [7.41-14.53]) and intercity (44.13% [41.18-47.09]) trips. There was a significant decrease in the odds of KD inside the clustered camera zones (OR: 0.22 [0.20-0.25]). Conclusion The heterogeneous occurrence of KD in different locations and times indicates the necessity of evidence-based decision-making in urban planning to improve safe driving behaviors. The lower occurrence of KD in clustered camera zones could be a practical key to the effective control of speeding behaviors by helping in the efficient placement of cameras through sustainable development of cities and roads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Malekpour
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Azadnajafabad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahba Rezazadeh-Khadem
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kavi Bhalla
- Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Erfan Ghasemi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Taghai Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Manian
- Faculty of Computer Engineering and Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Shahraz
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran B. Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Accident Prevention Analysis: Exploring the Intellectual Structure of a Research Field. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Accident prevention is of great significance in avoiding or reducing all kinds of casualties and economic losses, and is one of the main challenges for social sustainable development. Hence, it has been an active research field for many decades around the world. To master the research status of accident prevention, and explore the knowledge base and hot trends, 1294 papers from the WOS retrieval platform SCIE and SSCI databases from 1990 to 2021 were selected as data samples. Co-occurrence analysis, co-citation analysis, co-authorship analysis, and keyword analysis were performed on the literature on accident prevention research with bibliometric analysis methods. The study showed that the United States ranked first in the number of publications of any country/region and Georgia Inst Technol ranked first in the number of institutional publications. System analysis and accident model establishment, analysis of construction accidents, road accident prevention, and safety culture and safety climate are the knowledge base in the accident prevention studies and the core journals in this field are Safety Science, Accident Analysis and Prevention, Pediatrics, and Reliability Engineering & System Safety. There are four major research hotspots in accident prevention studies: routine accident prevention, model-based research, systems analysis and accident prediction, and occupational safety and public health research. At present, the basic theory and structural system of accident prevention research have been basically established, with many research directions and a wide range of frontier branches. Safety management, public safety, Bayesian networks, and simulation are the research frontiers of accident prevention.
Collapse
|
12
|
Megías-Robles A, Gómez-Leal R, Gutiérrez-Cobo MJ, Cabello R, Fernández-Berrocal P. The Role of Sensitivity to Reward and Punishment in Aggression. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP12014-NP12039. [PMID: 33459131 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520986275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study of the risk and protective factors in aggression is of fundamental importance for our society. The aim of this research was to clarify the role of sensitivity to reward/punishment in aggression and provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this relationship, particularly given that previous studies in the literature have yielded mixed results. To this end, two studies were conducted. In Study 1 (484 participants; Mage = 39.09; 48.6s women), we explored the relationship between sensitivity to reward and punishment and four components of aggression: physical, verbal, anger, and hostility. In Study 2 (229 participants; Mage = 21.52; 56.77% women), we investigated the moderating role of emotion regulation ability in this relationship. The findings of Studies 1 and 2 supported the existence of a positive relationship between sensitivity to reward and aggression, that is, a high reactivity to reward acted as a risk factor. With respect to sensitivity to punishment, mediation analysis revealed that this variable may act both as a protective factor as well as a risk factor for behavioral aggression. A higher reactivity to punishment had a direct negative effect on physical and verbal aggression, inhibiting aggressive behavior. However, a higher reactivity to punishment also implied a positive indirect effect on physical and verbal aggression through an increase in anger and hostility. Interestingly, Study 2 revealed that these indirect effects were moderated by emotion regulation ability. Our results could help to inform the design of aggression prevention and intervention programs for reducing the impact of this behavior on our society.
Collapse
|
13
|
Fathizadeh S, Karimy M, Tavousi M, Zamani-Alavijeh F. Exploring the facilitators and barriers to high-risk behaviors among school transportation drivers: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1245. [PMID: 35739485 PMCID: PMC9229906 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background School transportation (ST) crashes are associated with serious adverse consequences, particularly for students in developing countries. High-risk behaviors (HRBs) of ST drivers are a major factor contributing to ST crashes. This study aimed at exploring the facilitators and barriers to HRBs among ST drivers. Methods This qualitative study was conducted in 2019–2020. Participants were ST drivers, students, parents, and school staff purposively selected from Tehran, Iran. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions and were concurrently analyzed through conventional content analysis. Findings Participants were fifteen ST drivers with a mean age of 45 ± 10.2 years and 24 students, parents, and school staff with a mean age of 28.62 ± 16.08 years. The facilitators and barriers to HRBs came into five main categories, namely previous experiences of HRBs, perceived gains and risks of HRBs, motivating and inhibiting feelings and emotions, positive and negative subjective norms, and perceived mastery in driving. Conclusion A wide range of facilitators and barriers can affect HRBs among ST drivers. Strategies for preventing HRBs among ST drivers should be multidimensional and individualized and should focus on strengthening the barriers and removing the facilitators to HRBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Fathizadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Karimy
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Tavousi
- Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Zamani-Alavijeh
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Predicting driving speed from psychological metrics in a virtual reality car driving simulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10044. [PMID: 35710859 PMCID: PMC9203461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Why do some people tend to drive faster than others? Personality characteristics such as the evaluation of risk to oneself or to others, impulsivity, adherence to norms, but also other personal factors such as gender, age, or driving experience all may play a role in determining how fast people drive. Since driving speed is a critical factor underlying accident prevalence, identifying the psychological metrics to predict individual driving speed is an important step that could aid in accident prevention. To investigate this issue, here, we used an immersive virtual reality driving simulation to analyze average driving speed. A total of 124 participants first took a comprehensive set of personality and background questionnaires and a behavioral risk-taking measure. In the virtual reality experiment, participants were required to navigate a difficult driving course in a minimally-restricted, non-urban setting in order to provide baseline results for speed selection. Importantly, we found that sensation seeking and gender significantly predicted the average driving speed, and that sensation seeking and age were able to predict the maximum driving speed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Hou M, Chen S, Cheng J. The effect of risk perception and other psychological factors on mobile phone use while crossing the street among pedestrians. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2022; 170:106643. [PMID: 35358756 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pedestrians may be the most vulnerable group among road users, and mobile phone use while crossing the street is ubiquitous worldwide in this information era. However, previous studies have found that such distracting behaviors may increase the risk of injury and death. The present study primarily aimed to explore the effect of reinforcement sensitivity theory components (i.e., Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), Behavioral Approach System (BAS)), risk perception, attitudes towards red light running, and fear of missing out (FoMO) on mobile phone use while crossing the street among pedestrians. Risk perception was measured in three ways (i.e., assessing the probability of a negative outcome (RP-Pro), judging the severity of the consequence (RP-Se), and evaluating the general riskiness of the behavior (RP-Ri)). An online questionnaire survey was conducted, and only valid responses (N = 425) were used for subsequent data analyses. The results indicated significant differences in the responses across the risk perception questions with different focuses. Participants who reported engaging in more distracted street-crossing (i.e., high-risk takers) perceived a significantly lower risk, and this difference did not depend on the focus of risk perception. Three path analysis models with differential risk perception constructs (RP-Pro, RP-Se, and RP-Ri) were developed to examine the relationship between risk perception and distracted street-crossing. The results suggest that the relationship between these two variables does not depend on the focus of the risk perception questions. Moreover, FoMO was a predictor of mobile phone use while crossing the street, while attitudes had both direct and indirect effects on behavior. BIS and BAS had the lowest total effect on mobile phone use among pedestrians. In particular, a direct association between BAS and distracted street-crossing was found only in the model in which risk perception was measured by judging the severity of crashes caused by mobile phone use distraction. This study may be meaningful for understanding the associations between psychological factors and mobile phone use among pedestrians. The implications of the findings for the development of safety interventions are discussed in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Hou
- School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Sikai Chen
- Center for Connected and Automated Transportation (CCAT), Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, USA.
| | - Jianchuan Cheng
- School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Occupational Traffic Accidents among Teachers in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095175. [PMID: 35564569 PMCID: PMC9105916 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Occupational traffic accidents are a leading cause of injuries or deaths among workers. Teachers in Spain are especially concerned about the problem of commuting due to their particular labor conditions. Multiple work-related factors are associated with the risk and severity of occupational traffic-related motor vehicle crashes. The objective of this research is to analyze the influence of the variables associated with the severity of occupational traffic accidents among teachers in Spain. A logistic regression model was used for the current study. The odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated for the injured worker on a sample of 20,190 occupational traffic accidents suffered by teachers. The results showed that women, Spanish nationality, younger than 55 years, and those driving a car were more likely to suffer a light crash. In contrast, men, foreign nationalities, older than 55 years, and those riding a motorbike were more likely to suffer a serious crash. Based on these findings, motor vehicle safety training could be designed and adapted to the riskiest profiles. Additionally, effective mobility plans for commuting could help reduce work-related traffic accidents.
Collapse
|
17
|
Alammar MA, Ram D, Al-Arifi OA, Alseleem AT, Alsumayt AI. Levels and Relationships of Impulsivity and Aggressive Driving in Shaqra, Saudi Arabia. Am J Health Behav 2022; 46:134-142. [PMID: 35501959 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.46.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Aggressive driving is prevalent and may be associated with impulsivity. The relationships between these variables among Saudi drivers have received scant attention. In this study, we aimed to examine the level of aggressive driving and its relationships with impulsivity among Saudi drivers in Shaqra. Methods: Overall, 504 Saudi drivers were recruited and assessed in this cross-sectional study using demographic and driving proforma, a self-reporting Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS), and an Aggressive Driving Behavior Scale (ADBS). Results: BIS and ADBS had mean scores of 37.97 (3.24) and 21.74 (8.51), respectively. In linear regression analysis, the value of the BIS non-planning subscale negatively predicted the value of the ADBS Conflict subscale (beta = -.151, p = .002) and Speeding subscale (beta = -.103, p = .031). In contrast, the value on the score of the BIS Motor subscale statistically significantly and positively predicted the value on the score of the ADBS Speeding subscale (Beta = -.103, p = .032). Conclusion: The result shows a differential link between the component of impulsivity and aggressive driving. The lack of foresight is negatively linked with conflict behavior and high- speed driving, whereas acting without thinking is positively associated with high-speed driving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muath A. Alammar
- Muath A. Alammar, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dushad Ram
- Dushad Ram, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia;,
| | - Osman Abdulaziz Al-Arifi
- Osman Abdulaziz Al-Arifi, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Talal Alseleem
- Abdulaziz Talal alseleem, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Ibrahim Alsumayt
- Abdullah Ibrahim Alsumayt, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Du Y, Zhi JY, He SJ. Impact of experience on visual behavior and driving performance of high-speed train drivers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5956. [PMID: 35396492 PMCID: PMC8993792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of experience on the visual behavior and driving performance of high-speed train drivers, and explored the correlation between visual behavior and driving performance. Through a simulated driving task, eye movement data and operating data of novice drivers, trainee drivers, and experienced drivers in the traction stage, normal operation process stage, and braking stage were collected. Variance and linear regression were used to analyze the difference and correlation between indicators. The results show that experience could change the driver’s information collection method from long fixation to multi-frequency. Experience also increased the consistency of group operations and reduced the likelihood of hazard occurrences. Therefore, driving performance can be improved by reducing the average fixation duration of information through interface optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Jin-Yi Zhi
- School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China.
| | - Si-Jun He
- School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Relationships between Personality Traits and Brain Gray Matter Are Different in Risky and Non-risky Drivers. Behav Neurol 2022; 2022:1775777. [PMID: 35422888 PMCID: PMC9005327 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1775777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality traits such as impulsivity or sensitivity to rewards and punishments have been associated with risky driving behavior, but it is still unclear how brain anatomy is related to these traits as a function of risky driving. In the present study, we explore the neuroanatomical basis of risky driving behavior and how the level of risk-taking influences the relationship between the traits of impulsivity and sensitivity to rewards and punishments and brain gray matter volume. One hundred forty-four participants with different risk-taking tendencies assessed by real-life driving situations underwent MRI. Personality traits were assessed with self-report measures. We observed that the total gray matter volume varied as a function of risky driving tendencies, with higher risk individuals showing lower gray matter volumes. Similar results were found for volumes of brain areas involved in the reward and cognitive control networks, such as the frontotemporal, parietal, limbic, and cerebellar cortices. We have also shown that sensitivity to reward and punishment and impulsivity are differentially related to gray matter volumes as a function of risky driving tendencies. Highly risky individuals show lower absolute correlations with gray matter volumes than less risk-prone individuals. Taken together, our results show that risky drivers differ in the brain structure of the areas involved in reward processing, cognitive control, and behavioral modulation, which may lead to dysfunctional decision-making and riskier driving behavior.
Collapse
|
20
|
Gómez-Leal R, Megías-Robles A, Gutiérrez-Cobo MJ, Cabello R, Fernández-Berrocal P. Personal Risk and Protective Factors Involved in Aggressive Behavior. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP1489-NP1515. [PMID: 32529937 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520926322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study of aggression plays a prominent role in psychology and public health, because of the important adverse consequences of such behavior for victims, aggressors, and society in general. The General Aggression Model (GAM) provides a general conceptual framework for understanding the aggressive as a result of three stages: (a) inputs: personal and situational factors; (b) present internal states: affect, cognition, and arousal; and (c) outcomes: decision processes with a (non)aggressive result. The main objective of this research was to study the personal protective and risk factors most strongly associated with aggressive behavior acting at the first stage of the GAM model. A total of 282 young adult participants took part in this study. Participants were assessed for aggression levels and a set of the most relevant variables that have been associated with aggressive behavior in the previous literature. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that levels of aggression were mainly associated (73.2% of the explained variance) with the following protective factors: the ability to manage emotions as a component of emotional intelligence (EI), and perspective-taking and personal distress as components of empathy, and with the following risk factors: negative and positive urgency as a component of impulsivity, fantasy as a component of empathy, negative affect, and expressive suppression of emotions. These findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying aggressive behavior and provide greater empirical value to the current theoretical models. In addition, this research can help to inform the design of more successful programs for the prevention, control, and treatment of aggressive behavior. Limitations and future lines of research are discussed.
Collapse
|
21
|
Traits and Transports: The Effects of Personality on the Choice of Urban Transport Modes. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We examine the influence of personality on car driving, usage of public transport and cycling. Personality is measured through the Big Five personality traits (i.e., Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism) and Environmental personality. Data were collected through a Web-based panel of adult citizen in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden (N = 1068). Age, gender, income, children at home and residential area were used as control variables. Car driving is influenced by low degree of Openness, high degree of Conscientiousness, and low degree of Environmental personality. Usage of public transport is influenced by low degree of Conscientiousness, high degree of Agreeableness, and high degree of Environmental personality. Cycling is foremost influenced by a high degree of Environmental personality.
Collapse
|
22
|
Diamant I, Rusou Z. Measuring Failures Proneness: Scale Development and Preliminary Validations. Front Psychol 2021; 12:757051. [PMID: 34966324 PMCID: PMC8711769 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.757051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral failures can serve as precursors for accidents. Yet, individual differences in the predisposition to behavioral failures have predominantly been investigated within relatively narrow parameters, with the focus limited to subsets of behaviors or specific domains. A broader perspective might prove useful in illuminating correlations between various forms of accidents. The current research was undertaken as one step toward developing the concept of behavioral failures proneness in its multidimensional aspect. We report the initial stage of the development and validation of the Failures Proneness questionnaire (FP): a brief, multifaceted, self-report scale of common behavioral failures in everyday settings. In a preliminary phase we conceived an extensive pool of prospective items. Study 1 identified and validated the factor-structure of FP and reduced the scale to a brief measure of 16 items. Study 2 corroborated the factor structure of the FP and evaluated its construct validity by assessing its relationship with the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality traits. Study 3 tested the criterion-related validity of the FP by assessing its ability to predict deviant behaviors. These studies provide evidence of the FP's performance in generating valuable information on a broad range of behavioral antecedents of accidents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Diamant
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Zohar Rusou
- Department of Education and Psychology, The Open University of Israel, Ra’anana, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
McKerral A, Pammer K. Identifying objective behavioural measures of expert driver situation awareness. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2021; 163:106465. [PMID: 34758412 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to reduce road crash rates depend on a clear understanding of the factors that contribute to driver risk. Not all drivers are at equivalent risk. It is critical to identify the factors that contribute to the development of expertise in the driving environment. The rapid development of a driver's situation awareness (SA) is central to the safe performance of the driving task. Therefore, SA must be clearly operationalised in order to better assess its role in the development of expertise. This study employs an existing scheme based on the Perceptual Cycle Model (PCM) used for post hoc incident analysis and adapts it to the driving context. We attempted to correlate performance on coded verbalisations indicative of SA with non-invasive objective gaze metrics. Gaze metrics and the verbal counts were shown to differentiate between both expert and experienced (non-expert) drivers, but these measures failed to correlate with one another. Findings indicate differences in the way expert and experienced drivers update their schema of the driving task, with equivalent effort required to do so. The novel adaptation demonstrated in this paper allows for a domain-specific assessment of SA which reliably differentiates between drivers of varying expertise levels. Although selected gaze metrics were shown to be inadequate predictors of SA, additional analysis demonstrated key differences in gaze content. Combined, these findings enhance an understanding of expert SA development contributing to reduced crash risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angus McKerral
- The University of Newcastle, Australia; The Australian National University, Australia.
| | - Kristen Pammer
- The University of Newcastle, Australia; The Australian National University, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Monteiro RP, Coelho GLDH, Hanel PHP, Vilar R, Gouveia VV, Medeiros EDD. The dark side of Brazil: Effects of dark traits on general COVID-19 worry and responses against the pandemic. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 185:111247. [PMID: 34538997 PMCID: PMC8435378 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Brazil is one of the epicenters of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., 563,470 deaths until August 9th, 2021). Since the Brazilian government is partly struggling and partly unwilling to control the pandemic, staying healthy falls almost exclusively to the population. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the predictive role of personality traits to explain the willingness to combat the COVID-19 virus. In the present study (N = 496), we investigated the Dark Pentad traits: Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, sadism, and spitefulness. Our findings revealed that the first four traits were consistently negatively associated with various measures that indicate whether the pandemic is taken seriously, such as the perceived severity of COVID-19 and intentions to act against COVID-19. Structural equation modeling further showed that general COVID-19 worry mediated the link between the Dark Pentad and adaptive and maladaptive responses. Our results indicate that all dark traits are associated with unsocial behaviors, but their relative importance varies depending on the outcome variable.
Collapse
|
25
|
Ma Z, Zhang Y. Drivers trust, acceptance, and takeover behaviors in fully automated vehicles: Effects of automated driving styles and driver's driving styles. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2021; 159:106238. [PMID: 34182321 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Automated Vehicle (AV) technology has the potential to significantly improve driver safety. Unfortunately, drivers could be reluctant to ride with AVs due to their lack of trust and acceptance of AVs' driving styles. The present study investigated the effects of the designed driving style of AV (aggressive/defensive) and driver's driving style (aggressive/defensive) on driver's trust, acceptance, and take-over behavior in a fully AV. Thirty-two participants were classified into two groups based on their driving styles using the Aggressive Driving Scale and experienced twelve driving scenarios in either an aggressive AV or a defensive AV. Results revealed that driver's trust, acceptance, and takeover frequency were significantly influenced by the interaction effects between AV's driving style and driver's driving style. General estimating equations were conducted to analyze the relationships between driver's trust, acceptance, and take over frequency. The results showed that the effect of driver's trust in AVs on takeover frequency was mediated by driver's acceptance of AVs. These findings implied that driver's trust and acceptance of AVs could be enhanced when the designed AV's driving style aligned with driver's own driving style, which in turn, reduce undesired take over behavior. However, the "aggressive" AV driving style should be designed carefully considering driver safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ma
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Pennsylvania State University-University Park, State College, PA, United States
| | - Yiqi Zhang
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Pennsylvania State University-University Park, State College, PA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Road Safety as a Public Health Problem: Case of Ecuador in the Period 2000–2019. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13148033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Road safety is a significant public health problem because it causes negative consequences on victims and families. The objective was to analyze the most significant changes in traffic crashes in Ecuador during the period from 2000 to 2019. With data obtained from the National Institute of Statistics and Census, we performed the analysis to identify: the number of traffic crashes, the number of victims, and other study variables. Methods: Descriptive and analytical statistics and the contrast of proportions were used to analyze data from 2000 to 2019. Results: According to the ideal joinpoint analysis model, there was a significant decrease in the number of recorded traffic accidents from 2015 to 2019 of −8.54 per year, while the tendency to die increased in females (2.05 per year) and males (3.29 per year). The most common crash was a collision, and the automobile appeared as the most involved vehicle from 2015 to 2019. The hypothesis test contrast is used to determine if statistically significant differences exist between age groups by gender of the driver injured in the period 2017–2018. Conclusions: This study determines the most significant changes in the variables related to traffic crashes, where mortality due to this cause in the last four years has had a growth rate of 1.8% compared to collisions that presented a rate of −31.12%. The contrast of the hypothesis test shows significant differences in the injury level between males and female drivers, depending on the age group.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kengen B, IJgosse WM, van Goor H, Luursema JM. Speed versus damage: using selective feedback to modulate laparoscopic simulator performance. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:361. [PMID: 34187596 PMCID: PMC8243418 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive training is an approach in which training variables change with the needs and traits of individual trainees. It has potential to mitigate the effect of personality traits such as impulsiveness on surgical performance. Selective performance feedback is one way to implement adaptive training. This paper investigates whether selective feedback can direct performance of trainees of either high- or low impulsiveness. METHODS A total of 83 inexperienced medical students of known impulsiveness performed a four-session laparoscopic training course on a Virtual Reality Simulator. They performed two identical series of tasks every session. During one series of tasks they received performance feedback on duration and during the other series they received feedback on damage. Performance parameters (duration and damage) were compared between the two series of tasks to assess whether selective performance feedback can be used to steer emphasis in performance. To assess the effectiveness of selective feedback for people of high- or low impulsiveness, the difference in performance between the two series for both duration and damage was also assessed. RESULTS Participants were faster when given performance feedback for speed for all exercises in all sessions (average z-value = - 4.14, all p values < .05). Also, they performed better on damage control when given performance feedback for damage in all tasks and during all sessions except for one (average z-value = - 4.19, all but one p value < .05). Impulsiveness did not impact the effectiveness of selective feedback. CONCLUSION Selective feedback on either duration or damage can be used to improve performance for the variable that the trainee receives feedback on. Trainee impulsiveness did not modulate this effect. Selective feedback can be used to steer training focus in adaptive training systems and can mitigate the negative effects of impulsiveness on damage control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bas Kengen
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 10, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, Gelderland, The Netherlands.
- , PO Box 9101 (960), Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
| | - Wouter M IJgosse
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 10, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 10, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Maarten Luursema
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 10, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Castro C, Ventsislavova P, Garcia-Fernandez P, Crundall D. Risky Decision-Making and Hazard Prediction are Negatively Related and Could Be Assessed Independently Using Driving Footage. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:857-876. [PMID: 34211301 PMCID: PMC8239254 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s305979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Traffic collisions are a principal cause of death in Europe, disproportionately affecting young drivers. Driving safety depends not only on our ability to anticipate and respond to dangers on the road but also on the level of risk we are willing to engage within our own driving behaviour. Methods Hazard prediction (HPr) and risky decision-making (RDM) tests were given to three groups of young Spaniards (169 participants): 54 non-drivers (M=20), 65 novice (M=21) and, 50 experienced drivers (M=26 years old). Both tests presented participants with video clips of driving recorded from the driver’s perspective. The HPr test contained hazardous situations caused by the actions of another road user (eg, a pedestrian crossing the road). Each HPr clip was occluded as a hazard began to unfold and participants were asked to predict “what happens next?” They selected their answer from four on-screen options. The RDM test used clips where any imminent danger would be provoked by the film-car driver’s risky behaviour (eg, overtaking illegally). Participants were asked to report the probability of following certain types of risky behaviour (eg, “Would you go forward with the lights on amber?” or “Would you overtake the cyclist/lorry/bus at this point?”). In addition, the effect of the locality of the driving scenarios was manipulated: they could take place in the participant’s native country (Spain) or in a different country (UK). Results Non-drivers and novice drivers were less able to predict upcoming hazards and more likely to make risky decisions. Driving scenarios from another country (UK) provoked riskier decisions than those from the participants’ home country (Spain). Conclusion Improvement in HPr skills among novice or new drivers poses a huge challenge as far as driver training is concerned, though it is only part of the solution. Young inexperienced drivers’ willingness to engage in risky behaviour also needs to be tackled. Our results suggest that such RDM can be assessed in a similar way to HPr skill, using a naturalistic approach, which raises the possibility of assessing and training drivers on a wider range of safety-related behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candida Castro
- CIMCYC (Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre), Experimental Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Petya Ventsislavova
- Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - David Crundall
- Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sârbescu P, Rusu A. Personality predictors of speeding: Anger-Aggression and Impulsive-Sensation Seeking. A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2021; 77:86-98. [PMID: 34092331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this review was to identify the most influential personality predictors of speeding. METHOD Thus, this study analyzed the associations of Anger-Aggression and Impulsive-Sensation Seeking with Speeding. Research studies included in online databases and papers identified in previous reviews were considered for inclusion. RESULTS Using a random effects model, we found a small but significant effect for the relation between Anger-Aggression and Speeding (r = 0.12 [0.06-0.18],Z = 3.85,p < 0.001). We identified a significantly stronger effect for the relation between Impulsive-Sensation Seeking and Speeding, but still of low magnitude (r = 0.23 [0.16-0.29],Z = 6.54,p < 0.001). Moderator analysis revealed only one significant moderator: driver type. Namely, for professional drivers, the relation with Speeding was non-significant for both predictors (r = -0.004, p = 0.958 for Impulsive-Sensation Seeking and r = 0.02, p = 0.720 for Anger-Aggression, respectively) and significantly smaller than the associations for general population and young drivers. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results confirm Speeding's associations with both hypothesized most important predictors, but at a low magnitude.
Collapse
|
30
|
Castillo-Manzano JI, Castro-Nuño M, Fageda X. Analyzing the safety impact of longer and heavier vehicles circulating in the European market. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2021; 77:1-12. [PMID: 34092299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The European Union (EU) has developed different strategies to internalize the costs of excessive motor traffic in the road freight transport sector. One of these is a relaxation of restrictions on the size and load capacity of trucks that circulate between member States and a proposal has been made for Longer and Heavier Vehicles (LHVs) to be allowed to circulate across borders. LHVs are the so-called "megatrucks" (i.e., trucks with a length of 25 meters and a weight of 60 tonnes). Megatrucks have allowed to circulate for decades in some European countries such as Norway, Finland, and Sweden, world leaders in traffic accident prevention, although the impact that cross-border traffic would have on road safety is still unknown. METHODS This article provides an econometric analysis of the potential impact on road safety of allowing the circulation of "megatrucks" throughout the EU. RESULTS The findings show that countries that currently allow megatrucks to circulate present lower traffic accident and fatality levels, on average. CONCLUSIONS The circulation of this type of vehicle is only advisable in countries where there is a certain degree of maturity and demonstrated achievements in the field of road safety. Practical applications: European countries that have allowed megatruck circulation obtaining better road safety outcomes in terms of accidents, although the accident lethality rate seems to be higher. Consequently, introducing megatruck circulation requires a prior proper preparation and examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xavier Fageda
- GIM-IREA, Universidad de Barcelona (Spain), Av. Diagonal, 690, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Omidi L, Mousavi S, Moradi G, Taheri F. Traffic climate, driver behaviour and dangerous driving among taxi drivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2021; 28:1482-1489. [PMID: 33719893 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1903705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Traffic accidents are considered a major public health problem in many countries. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between traffic climate factors (i.e., external affective demands, functionality and internal requirements), driver behaviours, dangerous driving behaviours and traffic accident involvement among taxi drivers. A total of 450 male taxi drivers participated in the study. The traffic climate scale (TCS), the driver behaviour questionnaire (DBQ), the positive driver behaviours scale (PDBS) and the Dula dangerous driving index (DDDI) were used to measure driving behaviours and traffic conditions. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between functionality (of the TCS) and the number of accident involvement. Further analysis demonstrated that the effect of risky driving (of the DDDI) on accident involvement was significant. Taken together, these findings suggest that functional traffic systems and driving environments play important roles in traffic accident involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Omidi
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Saeid Mousavi
- School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Moradi
- School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Taheri
- Occupational Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Song X, Yin Y, Cao H, Zhao S, Li M, Yi B. The mediating effect of driver characteristics on risky driving behaviors moderated by gender, and the classification model of driver's driving risk. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2021; 153:106038. [PMID: 33631705 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-risk drivers are more likely to be involved in traffic accidents, and the driving risk level of drivers could be affected by many potential factors, such as demographics and personality traits. Based on the Structural Equation Model (SEM), this study involves a sample of 3150 drivers from the Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP 2), to explore the relationships among drivers' demographic characteristics (gender, age, and cumulative driving years), sensation seeking, risk perception, and risky driving behaviors. More specifically, the mediation model of driver characteristics on risky driving behaviors moderated by gender is constructed by the SEM. The results show that the effects of driving experience on risky driving behaviors are partially mediated by sensation seeking and risk perception for male drivers, while those are completely mediated by sensation seeking and risk perception for female drivers. Moreover, the development trend of risky driving behavior engagements declines greater with the growing of driving experience for female drivers than male drivers. Finally, a classification model of the driver's driving risk is proposed by the Random Forest classifier, in which the driving risk level of the driver evaluated by the crash and near-crash rate could be classified through the driver's self-reported demographics, sensation seeking, risk perception, and risky driving behaviors. The classification accuracy achieves up to 90 percent, which offers an alternative approach to identifying potential high-risk drivers to reduce property losses, injuries, and death caused by traffic accidents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for the Vehicle Body, Hunan University, No.2 Lushan South Rd, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yangang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for the Vehicle Body, Hunan University, No.2 Lushan South Rd, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haotian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for the Vehicle Body, Hunan University, No.2 Lushan South Rd, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Mingjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for the Vehicle Body, Hunan University, No.2 Lushan South Rd, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Binlin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for the Vehicle Body, Hunan University, No.2 Lushan South Rd, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The Impact of Two MMPI-2-Based Models of Personality in Predicting Driving Behavior. Can Demographic Variables Be Disregarded? Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11030313. [PMID: 33801557 PMCID: PMC8000114 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The driver’s personality is a key human factor for the assessment of the fitness to drive (FTD), affecting driving decisions and behavior, with consequences on driving safety. No previous study has investigated the effectiveness of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-2 scales for predicting the FTD. The present study aimed to compare two MMPI-2-based models of normal and pathological personality traits (i.e., Inventory of Driving-related Personality Traits (IVPE)-MMPI vs. Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) scale) in predicting the cognitive FTD. One hundred young and eighty-seven adult active drivers completed the MMPI-2 questionnaire as a measure of personality and a computerized driving task measuring for resilience of attention (Determination Test (DT)), reaction speed (Reaction Test (RS)), motor speed (MS), and perceptual speed (Adaptive Tachistoscopic Traffic Perception Test (ATAVT)). The effects of age, gender, and education were also controlled. Results showed that the models controlled for demographics overperformed those neglecting them for each driving outcome. A negative effect of age was found on each driving task; the effect of gender, favoring males, was found in both the RS and the MS, and the effect of education was found on the DT and the ATAVT. Concerning personality traits, significant effects were found of sensation seeking (IVPE-MMPI) on each outcome; of anxiety (as a measure of emotional instability; IVPE-MMPI) and introversion (PSY-5) on the measures of MS; and of psychopathic deviation (as a measure of self-control; IVPEMMPI) on the DT. The study confirmed the key role of demographic factors in influencing the FTD, further suggesting the usefulness of some MMPI2-based personality scales in the assessment of driving-related personality determinants.
Collapse
|
34
|
Vankov D, Schroeter R, Twisk D. Understanding the predictors of young drivers' speeding intention and behaviour in a three-month longitudinal study. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2021; 151:105859. [PMID: 33385959 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine to what extent an Adolescent Speeding Specific Model (ASSM), extending the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), predicts young drivers' (aged 18-25) future and past speeding (n = 126). The ASSM tested the contribution of demographics, split TPB, additional predictors and past behaviour to young drivers' speeding at two moments of time, over three months. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that participants most likely to speed in the future were those who have done so in the past (independent predictor (ip): past compliance with the speed limit), and who were not certain in their ability to control their speeding (ip: self-efficacy). ASSM also indicated that people who reported speeding at T1 did so at T2 as well (ip: past compliance with the speed limit). The results also show that sensitive to rewards people would speed more (ip: sensitivity to reward), similar to ones with less control over their behaviour (ip: perceived controllability) or with more driving experience (ip: GDL phase). Overall, the ASSM explained 73% of the intention to comply with speed limits variation and 62% of the present compliance with the speed limit variation. Compared to models, similar in structure to ASSM, our model explained variance in intention, equal to the previously maximum observed, and 22% more variance in behaviour. As a result, our findings may help design better targeted educational campaigns to prevent young drivers' speeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vankov
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, 4059, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Ronald Schroeter
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, 4059, Queensland, Australia
| | - Divera Twisk
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, 4059, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Murat N. A hybrid transformation approach for common scaling on various type Likert scales in Bayesian structural equation modeling. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2020.1853774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naci Murat
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
The association between demographic characteristics, personality, and mental health of bus drivers in China: A structural equation model. Physiol Behav 2021; 229:113247. [PMID: 33197469 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychological status of drivers is related to adverse driving behaviors. Although there are several studies on the mental health and traffic accidents among bus drivers, related studies on the association between mental health and individual characteristics are scarce. METHODS Our report is on a cross-sectional study of bus drivers that took place between October 2014 and May 2016. A total of 596 bus drivers who worked for transportation companies and underwent occupational physical examinations at The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region workers' Hospital during the study period were included. Demographic characteristics were collected by a self-designed demographic questionnaire. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R) were used to evaluate the personality and mental health of bus drivers, and the results of the scales were compared with Chinese norms. The structural equation model was used to analyze the correlation among demographic characteristics, personality characteristics, and mental health. RESULTS Except for the lie dimension, the average scores of the driver's personality dimension were higher than the Chinese norm, and the means of somatization and phobia scores of bus drivers were also higher; obsessions-compulsions, interpersonal sensitivity, and depression scores were lower than those for the Chinese norms. The structural equations modeling revealed that the total effects coefficient of demographic characteristics on mental health was 0.68, and that of personality was 0.60. There were direct influences between demographic characteristics and personality characteristics, demographic characteristics and mental health, and personality characteristics and mental health; the standardized path coefficients were 0.60, 0.50, and 0.30, respectively. Smoking, drinking, and neuroticism were the main factors affecting the mental health of bus drivers; and the standardized path coefficients were 0.56, 0.54, and 0.90 respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this study, bus drivers were significantly more extroverted, psychotic, and neurotic than the general population; and they were more likely to suffer from somatization and phobia. The mental health of bus drivers was associated with some demographic and personality characteristics in the study. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the selection of bus drivers and intervention measures for drivers with high-risk driving tendencies, which is conducive to better guide road traffic safety construction and reduce the occurrence of road traffic injuries.
Collapse
|
37
|
Postolache TT, Wadhawan A, Rujescu D, Hoisington AJ, Dagdag A, Baca-Garcia E, Lowry CA, Okusaga OO, Brenner LA. Toxoplasma gondii, Suicidal Behavior, and Intermediate Phenotypes for Suicidal Behavior. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:665682. [PMID: 34177652 PMCID: PMC8226025 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.665682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the general literature on infections and suicidal behavior, studies on Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) occupy a central position. This is related to the parasite's neurotropism, high prevalence of chronic infection, as well as specific and non-specific behavioral alterations in rodents that lead to increased risk taking, which are recapitulated in humans by T. gondii's associations with suicidal behavior, as well as trait impulsivity and aggression, mental illness and traffic accidents. This paper is a detailed review of the associations between T. gondii serology and suicidal behavior, a field of study that started 15 years ago with our publication of associations between T. gondii IgG serology and suicidal behavior in persons with mood disorders. This "legacy" article presents, chronologically, our primary studies in individuals with mood disorders and schizophrenia in Germany, recent attempters in Sweden, and in a large cohort of mothers in Denmark. Then, it reviews findings from all three meta-analyses published to date, confirming our reported associations and overall consistent in effect size [ranging between 39 and 57% elevation of odds of suicide attempt in T. gondii immunoglobulin (IgG) positives]. Finally, the article introduces certain links between T. gondii and biomarkers previously associated with suicidal behavior (kynurenines, phenylalanine/tyrosine), intermediate phenotypes of suicidal behavior (impulsivity, aggression) and state-dependent suicide risk factors (hopelessness/dysphoria, sleep impairment). In sum, an abundance of evidence supports a positive link between suicide attempts (but not suicidal ideation) and T. gondii IgG (but not IgM) seropositivity and serointensity. Trait impulsivity and aggression, endophenotypes of suicidal behavior have also been positively associated with T. gondii seropositivity in both the psychiatrically healthy as well as in patients with Intermittent Explosive Disorder. Yet, causality has not been demonstrated. Thus, randomized interventional studies are necessary to advance causal inferences and, if causality is confirmed, to provide hope that an etiological treatment for a distinct subgroup of individuals at an increased risk for suicide could emerge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teodor T Postolache
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, United States.,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Abhishek Wadhawan
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Saint Elizabeth's Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Andrew J Hoisington
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Dayton, OH, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Aline Dagdag
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Enrique Baca-Garcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimenez Diaz Foundation Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Madrid Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital, Móstoles, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Villalba, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Infanta Elena University Hospital, Valdemoro, Spain.,Universidad Catolica del Maule, Talca, Chile.,Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience, Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Olaoluwa O Okusaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Neurology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
León-Domínguez U, Solís-Marcos I, López-Delgado CA, Martín JMBY, León-Carrión J. A Frontal Neuropsychological Profile in Fitness to Drive. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2020; 148:105807. [PMID: 33069156 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Traffic accidents are a global concern due to the elevated mortality rates of both drivers and pedestrians. The World Health Organization declared 2011-2020 as the Decade of Action for Road Safety, endorsing initiatives to reduce traffic-related deaths. Yet, despite these incentives, fatal accidents still occur. Different studies have linked deficits in executive functions to risky driving attitudes and crashes. The present study focuses on demographic, cognitive and personality factors, related to the prefrontal cortex, that are characteristic of drivers prone to risky behavior behind the wheel. The penalty Points System was used to classify drivers as "safe", with no point loss over a two-year period, or "risky", with full point loss during the same interval. A neuropsychological assessment of prefrontal cognitive functions was carried out on each group to identify variables associated with safe and risky behavior. Neuropsychological indexes were obtained from a continuous performance task without cue (Simple Attention), a continuous performance task with cue (Conditioned Attention), the Tower of Hanoi test and the Neurologically-related Changes in Personality Inventory (NECHAPI). A Discriminant Analysis (DA) found that education level, reaction times in Simple and Conditioned Attention, learning errors in the Tower of Hanoi and vulnerability in the personality test, best predicted whether drivers were likely to be in the safe or risky group. Finally, a cross-validation analysis performed on the same sample correctly classified 87.5% of the drivers. These data suggest that prefrontal dysfunction contributes to risky behavior behind the wheel. The inclusion of cognitive programs to identify and train drivers with this propensity could reduce risky driving, and consequently, save lives on the road.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umberto León-Domínguez
- Human Cognition and Brain Research lab, School of Psychology, University of Monterrey, San Pedro Garza, García, Mexico.
| | - Ignacio Solís-Marcos
- The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI) Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | - José León-Carrión
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Center for Brain Injury Rehabilitation (CRECER), Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hussain B, Sato H, Miwa T, Morikawa T. Influence of personality traits on aberrant driving behaviors: A comparison of Japanese, Chinese, and Vietnamese drivers. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2020; 75:178-188. [PMID: 33334476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to explore the influence of Big Five personality traits in combination with various socio-demographic factors and experiences of accident involvement on aberrant driving behaviors. The study also compares the effects of the level of development (i.e., developed or developing) of three countries on the personality traits and driving behaviors. METHOD The four-factor Driver Behavior Questionnaire was used to collect data on aberrant driving behaviors, while a short version of the 10-item Big Five Inventory was used to collect data on personality traits. Responses were collected from Japan (1,250 responses), China (1,250), and Vietnam (1,000). A latent variable model was applied after controlling data in each category (e.g., age). RESULTS This study revealed that respondents who experienced accidents in the past and scored higher on Agreeableness were less likely to commit aggressive violations in Japan, China, and Vietnam. Further, Japanese and Vietnamese female drivers who scored high on Conscientiousness were found to be less likely to commit ordinary violations. Neuroticism was positively correlated with aggressive violations only in the case of Vietnamese drivers, irrespective of the history of accident involvement. CONCLUSIONS Drivers with particular personality types that are linked with aberrant driving behavior may need to receive additional training on behavior management. Practical Applications: This study may help road traffic policymakers predict future driving behaviors of Vietnamese and Chinese drivers based on those of Chinese and Japanese drivers, respectively, and act accordingly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blawal Hussain
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya464-8603, Japan.
| | - Hitomi Sato
- Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Tomio Miwa
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Morikawa
- Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dimensions of aberrant driving behaviors and their association with road traffic injuries among drivers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238728. [PMID: 32903278 PMCID: PMC7486081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are recognized as one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, especially in developing countries. Human behavior is reportedly one of the critical factors in the occurrence of such injuries. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation of abnormal driving behaviors with the frequency and severity of RTIs among drivers in Hamadan, west of Iran. Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 800 people driving, who were selected by multistage cluster sampling technique. Data were collected using a three-part self-administered questionnaire including demographic, social and driving characteristics; the Manchester driver behavior questionnaire (DBQ); as well as information on a history of the occurrence of the injuries caused by the crashes and the severity of them. Data were statistically analyzed using numerical indices, linear regression analysis, Pearson correlation, ordinal logistic regression model and multinomial logistic regression. Results The highest and lowest mean percentages of abnormal driving behavior were related to unintentional violations (19.13) and Lapses (16.44), respectively. "Changing radio stations and listening to music while driving", "overtaking a driver who drives slowly", and "unintentionally exceeding the speed limit" were the three highest behaviors associated with road traffic injuries, with the mean and standard deviation of (1.93 ± 1.4), (1.90±1.4), (1.58±1.3), respectively. Age, gender, educational level, driving experience and driving hours during the day were significantly associated with DBQ dimensions and severity of road traffic injuries. Conclusions The results of this study showed that socio-demographic characteristics were significantly correlated with driving behavior. In addition, driving behaviors were correlated with traffic crashes and the resulting injuries. The findings of this study can be utilized to develop driving behavior interventions among the drivers.
Collapse
|
41
|
Zou X, Vu HL, Huang H. Fifty Years of Accident Analysis & Prevention: A Bibliometric and Scientometric Overview. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2020; 144:105568. [PMID: 32562929 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Accident Analysis & Prevention (AA&P) is a leading academic journal established in 1969 that serves as an important scientific communication platform for road safety studies. To celebrate its 50th anniversary of publishing outstanding and insightful studies, a multi-dimensional statistical and visualized analysis of the AA&P publications between 1969 and 2018 was performed using the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database, bibliometrics and mapping-knowledge-domain (MKD) analytical methods, and scientometric tools. It was shown that the annual number of AA&P's publications has grown exponentially and that over the course of its development, AA&P has been a leader in the field of road safety, both in terms of innovation and dissemination. By determining its key source countries and organizations, core authors, highly co-cited published documents, and high burst-strength publications, we showed that AA&P's areas of focus include the "effects of hazard and risk perception on driving behavior", "crash frequency modeling analysis", "intentional driving violations and aberrant driving behavior", "epidemiology, assessment and prevention of road traffic injuries", and "crash-injury severity modeling analysis". Furthermore, the key burst papers that have played an important role in advancing research and guiding AA&P in new directions - particularly those in the fields of crash frequency and crash-injury severity modeling analyses were identified. Finally, a modified Haddon matrix in the era of intelligent, connected and autonomous transportation systems is proposed to provide new insights into the emerging generation of road safety studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zou
- Institute of Transport Studies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Hai L Vu
- Institute of Transport Studies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Helai Huang
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyse whether the economic resources invested in roads—both investment in construction and expenditure on maintenance and conservation—have any influence on road fatality rates. Since this is a complex problem, and because there are many factors that can influence the fatality rate, other variables related to specific transport, socioeconomic and meteorological factors are also considered. The study was carried out using a panel data model, modelling road mortality as a function of 12 variables. The scope of the study is international, focusing on the interurban road network. Data were collected from 23 European countries for the period 1998–2016. The main results obtained are that both expenditure on road maintenance and conservation and the proportion of motorways in the total road network contribute to reducing road mortality. Contrariwise, greater investment in construction leads to an increase in the fatality rate.
Collapse
|
43
|
Motorcycle Accidents and Their Outcomes amongst Victims Admitted to Health Facilities in Guinea: A Cross-Sectional Study. Adv Prev Med 2020; 2020:1506148. [PMID: 32655953 PMCID: PMC7327575 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1506148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Motorcycle road traffic accidents (RTA) constitute an increasing public health challenge with victims more likely to sustain fatal injuries compared with other types of RTA. The aim of this study was to analyze motorcycle RTA-related morbidity and mortality among victims admitted to hospitals in Guinea from 2015 to 2017. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study based on hospital records from six districts (Boké, Kindia, Mamou, Faranah, N'Zérékoré, and Siguiri) from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore associations between RTA types and mortality. Results There were 14,962 RTA victims with motorcycle RTA accounting for 58.3% and other RTA 45.3% of hospital admissions. Overall, motorcycle RTA accounted for 77.7%, with young adults (96.2%) and males (73.5%) more affected when compared to victims of other types of RTA. Median age of motorcycle RTA victims was 23 years (IQR: 17–33 years). Students (29.7%), employees (23.6%), and farmers/housewives (23.3%) were the commonest groups affected by motorcycle RTA. The highest burden of motorcycle RTA occurred in the mining zones (Boké and Siguiri). Wounds (39.2% and 27.3%) and multiple injuries (43.8% and 43.8%) were the commonest types of injury sustained by victims of both motorcycle and other types of RTA, respectively. Motorcycle RTA accounted for 54% of overall deaths. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, sustaining a motorcycle RTA in N'Zérékoré (AOR: 4.2; 95% CI: 1.6–11.2) and being admitted with mild (AOR: 7.4; 95% CI 2.1–25.8) and heavy or deep coma (AOR: 776.1; 95% CI: 340.2–1770.7) were significantly associated with mortality. Conclusions Motorcycle RTA are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Guinea. Males, young adult users, students, employees, and people from mining zones are the most affected. Better law enforcement and awareness raising among Guinean young adults are promising prevention strategies.
Collapse
|
44
|
Kita E, Luria G. Differences between males and females in the prediction of smartphone use while driving: Mindfulness and income. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2020; 140:105514. [PMID: 32244090 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines the relationship between two variables-mindfulness and income-with regards to their relationship to the use of smartphones by young drivers, which has been known to increase the likelihood of car accidents, endangering young drivers and other road users. The study focuses on the relationship between these variables and the use of smartphones while driving, and how this relationship differs between males and females. METHOD The study sample included 221 young drivers who were legally permitted to drive without supervision. The subjects were first asked to complete questionnaires on mindfulness and income. Next, their smartphone use while driving was monitored over a one-month period. This study is unique as it used an objective smartphone monitoring application (rather than self-reporting) to count the number of times the young participants actually touched their smartphones while driving. RESULTS The findings show that the effects of social and personal factors (i.e., income and mindfulness) on the use of smartphones while driving are significant for males but not for females. CONCLUSIONS Most studies that investigate differences between males and females with respect to safety focus on differences in the averages of safety-related variables (such as safety performance and outcomes). In the current study, however, we identified differences in relationships between variables and demonstrated that what predicts safety-related behavior in males may not be a good predictor for females. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Mindfulness and income can be used to identify male populations that are at risk of using smartphones while driving. Interventions that improve mindfulness can be used to reduce the use of smartphones by male drivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erez Kita
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel; Or Yarok - The Association for Safer Driving in Israel, Israel.
| | - Gil Luria
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Need Safer Taxi Drivers? Use Psychological Characteristics to Find or Train! SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12104206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Professional drivers play a key role in urban road network safety. It is therefore important to employ safer drivers, also find the problem, and train the existing ones. However, a direct driving test may not be very useful solely because of drivers’ consciousness. This study introduces a latent predictor to expect driving behaviors, by finding the relation between taxi drivers’ psychological characteristics and their driving behaviors. A self-report questionnaire was collected from 245 taxi drivers by which their demographic characteristics, psychological characteristics, and driving behaviors were obtained. The psychological characteristics include instrumental attitude, subjective norm, sensation seeking, aggressive mode, conscientiousness, life satisfaction, premeditation, urgency, and selfishness. Driving behaviors questionnaire (DBQ) provides information regarding drivers’ violations, aggressive violations, errors, and lapses. The standard linear regression model is used to determine the relationship between driving behavior and psychological characteristics of drivers. The findings show that social anxiety and selfishness are the best predictors of the violations; aggressive mode is a significant predictor of the aggressive violations; urgency has a perfect impact on the errors; and finally, life satisfaction, sensation seeking, conscientiousness, age, and urgency are the best predictors of the lapses.
Collapse
|
46
|
Kengen B, IJgosse WM, van Goor H, Luursema JM. Fast or safe? The role of impulsiveness in laparoscopic simulator performance. Am J Surg 2020; 220:914-919. [PMID: 32145917 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the relation between impulsiveness and surgical performance even though research in similar high-risk/high-skills shows evidence of more hazardous behavior by impulsive professionals. We investigated the impact of impulsiveness on laparoscopic simulator performance. METHODS Eighty-three subjects participated in a four-session laparoscopic training course. Based on the Eysenck Personality test, we created equal sized high- and low impulsiveness groups and compared task duration and errors on tasks for two laparoscopic simulators. RESULTS The low impulsiveness group outperformed the high impulsiveness group on damage on the LapSim virtual reality trainer (U = 459, p < .049), and showed a trend towards better error performance on the FLS videotrainer. We found no differences on task duration. CONCLUSIONS In surgical simulation training, high impulsiveness is associated with creating more damage, but not with faster performance. Time needed to correct errors may have obscured faster performance in the high impulsiveness group. SUMMARY FOR THE TABLE OF CONTENTS Subjects were divided into high- and low impulsiveness groups based on the Eysenck Impulsiveness Inventory test. Performance (time and errors) were compared between groups for tasks on the LapSim virtual reality trainer and FLS videotrainer. Low impulsive subjects outperformed high impulsive subjects on errors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bas Kengen
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, Gelderland, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter M IJgosse
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, Gelderland, the Netherlands.
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, Gelderland, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Maarten Luursema
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, Gelderland, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Martínez-Ruiz V, Lardelli-Claret P, Molina-Soberanes D, Martín-de Los Reyes LM, Moreno-Roldán E, Jiménez-Mejías E. How many collateral casualties are associated with road users responsible for road crashes? GACETA SANITARIA 2020; 35:250-255. [PMID: 31911009 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the number of collateral casualties associated with road users considered responsible for a road crash. METHOD We analyzed the case series comprising all 790,435 road users involved in road crashes with victims in Spain from 2009 to 2013, recorded in a nationwide police-based registry. For each road user assumed to be responsible for a crash, we collected information relative to health outcomes in other people involved in it, and obtained the total number of collateral casualties per 100 road users considered responsible for the crash. We then estimated the strength of associations between sex, age and the number of collateral casualties generated by car drivers considered responsible for the crash, and calculated rate ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Pedestrians responsible for crashes were associated with the lowest number of collateral casualties (13.1/100), whereas the highest number (153/100) was observed for bus drivers responsible for crashes. Car drivers were associated with 104.4/100 collateral casualties. The youngest and the oldest car drivers responsible for crashes were associated with 33% and 41% more deaths, respectively, than the 25-34 year old group. Male drivers were associated with 22% more collateral casualties than female drivers. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the type of road user who was responsible for a road crash, their active contribution to the crash led to an additional number of collateral casualties in other, non-responsible users. The number and severity of collateral casualties were related to the type of vehicle and the number of people involved. These results are potentially useful to support the need to promote safer driver practices among subgroups of high-risk drivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Martínez-Ruiz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
| | - Pablo Lardelli-Claret
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Molina-Soberanes
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Doctorate Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Martín-de Los Reyes
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Doctorate Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Moreno-Roldán
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Eladio Jiménez-Mejías
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Miglin R, Bounoua N, Goodling S, Sheehan A, Spielberg JM, Sadeh N. Cortical Thickness Links Impulsive Personality Traits and Risky Behavior. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9120373. [PMID: 31847131 PMCID: PMC6955970 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9120373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsive personality traits are often predictive of risky behavior, but not much is known about the neurobiological basis of this relationship. We investigated whether thickness of the cortical mantle varied as a function of impulsive traits and whether such variation also explained recent risky behavior. A community sample of 107 adults (ages 18–55; 54.2% men) completed self-report measures of impulsive traits and risky behavior followed by a neuroimaging protocol. Using the three-factor model of impulsive traits derived from the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, analysis of the entire cortical mantle identified three thickness clusters that related to impulsive traits. Sensation seeking was negatively related to thickness in the right pericalcarine cortex, whereas impulsive urgency was positively associated with thickness in the left superior parietal and right paracentral lobule. Notably, follow-up analyses showed that thickness in the right pericalcarine cortex also related to recent risky behavior, with the identified cluster mediating the association between sensation seeking and risky behavior. Findings suggest that reduced thickness in the pericalcarine region partially explains the link between sensation seeking and the tendency to engage in risky behavior, providing new insight into the neurobiological basis of these relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rickie Miglin
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (N.B.); (A.S.); (J.M.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Nadia Bounoua
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (N.B.); (A.S.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Shelly Goodling
- Department of Psychology, York College of Pennsylvania, York, PA 17403, USA;
| | - Ana Sheehan
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (N.B.); (A.S.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Jeffrey M. Spielberg
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (N.B.); (A.S.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Naomi Sadeh
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (N.B.); (A.S.); (J.M.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (N.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zheng Y, Ma Y, Li N, Cheng J. Personality and Behavioral Predictors of Cyclist Involvement in Crash-Related Conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16244881. [PMID: 31817089 PMCID: PMC6950279 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the increasing rate of road crashes involving cyclists with a disproportionate overrepresentation in injury statistics has become a major concern in road safety and public health. However, much remains unknown about factors contributing to cyclists’ high crash rates, especially those related to personal characteristics. This study aims to explore the influence of cyclist personality traits and cycling behaviors on their road safety outcomes using a mediated model combining these constructs. A total of 628 cyclists completed an online questionnaire consisting of questions related to cycling anger, impulsiveness, normlessness, sensation seeking, risky cycling behaviors, and involvement in crash-related conditions in the past year. After the psychometric properties of the employed scales were examined, the relationships among the tested constructs were investigated using structural equation modeling. The results showed that cyclists’ crash risks were directly predicted by risky cycling behaviors and cycling anger, and the effects of cycling anger, impulsiveness, as well as normlessness on crash risks, were mediated by cycling behaviors. The current findings provide insight into the importance of personality traits in impacting cycling safety and could facilitate the development of evidence-based prevention and promotion strategies targeting cyclists in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Zheng
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.C.); Tel.: +86-025-83790385 (J.C.)
| | | | | | - Jianchuan Cheng
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.C.); Tel.: +86-025-83790385 (J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Steinbakk RT, Ulleberg P, Sagberg F, Fostervold KI. Effects of roadwork characteristics and drivers' individual differences on speed preferences in a rural work zone. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2019; 132:105263. [PMID: 31525650 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.105263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Work zone safety from a psychological perspective has received little attention in scientific literature. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the influence of roadwork characteristics and drivers' individual differences in terms of personality traits and self-assessment of driving skills on speed preferences in a rural work zone. Eight hundred forty-five Norwegian drivers stated their preferred speed for ten pictures of a rural work zone with a 50 km/h reduced speed limit without knowing the speed limit. The results showed that the preferred speeds were greater than the actual reduced speed limit for all pictures. The standard deviations were quite high (from 11 to 14 km/h), indicating that drivers have a rather high variation in preferred speeds. A multilevel model was used to analyse the effects of the variables on speed preference. The results indicated that preferred speeds increased with age, higher scores on the normlessness scale, and higher self-assessment of own driving skills. As for the roadwork characteristics, speed increased with the presence of road markings by 11 km/h, while it decreased by 9 km/h with the presence of road delineators and by 5 km/h with barriers. Implications for respect for the reduced speed limits in work zones were discussed, and recommendations of other countermeasures were presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Torquato Steinbakk
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3A, 0373, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Brynsengfaret 6A, 0667, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Pål Ulleberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3A, 0373, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Fridulv Sagberg
- Institute of Transport Economics, Oslo, Norway, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Knut Inge Fostervold
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3A, 0373, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|