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Lee S, Jeong M, Lee S, Lee SH, Choi JS. Mag-spinner: a next-generation Facile, Affordable, Simple, and porTable (FAST) magnetic separation system. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:792-800. [PMID: 36131828 PMCID: PMC9419614 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00791b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mag-spinner, a system in which magnets are combined with a spinner system, is a new type of magnetic separation system for the preprocessing of biological and medical samples. Interference by undesired components restricts the detection accuracy and efficiency. Thus, the development of appropriate separation techniques is required for better detection of the desired targets, to enrich the target analytes and remove the undesired components. The strong response of iron oxide nanoclusters can successfully capture the targets quickly and with high efficiency. As a result, cancer cells can be effectively separated from blood using the developed mag-spinner system. Indeed, this system satisfies the requirements for desirable separation systems, namely (i) fast sorting rates, (ii) high separation efficiency, (iii) the ability to process native biological fluids, (iv) simple operating procedures, (v) low cost, (vi) operational convenience, and (vii) portability. Therefore, this system is widely applicable to sample preparation without limitations on place, cost, and equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Lee
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University 34158 Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Miseon Jeong
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University 34158 Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Lee
- Dept. of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University 34134 Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University 34158 Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sil Choi
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University 34158 Daejeon Republic of Korea
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2
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Aghlmandi A, Nikshad A, Safaralizadeh R, Warkiani ME, Aghebati-Maleki L, Yousefi M. Microfluidics as efficient technology for the isolation and characterization of stem cells. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:426-443. [PMID: 33746671 PMCID: PMC7975637 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent years have been passed with significant progressions in the utilization of microfluidic technologies for cellular investigations. The aim of microfluidics is to mimic small-scale body environment with features like optical transparency. Microfluidics can screen and monitor different cell types during culture and study cell function in response to stimuli in a fully controlled environment. No matter how the microfluidic environment is similar to in vivo environment, it is not possible to fully investigate stem cells behavior in response to stimuli during cell proliferation and differentiation. Researchers have used stem cells in different fields from fundamental researches to clinical applications. Many cells in the body possess particular functions, but stem cells do not have a specific task and can turn into almost any type of cells. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the ability of changing into specific cells that can be essential for the body. Researchers and physicians are interested in stem cells to use them in testing the function of the body's systems and solving their complications. This review discusses the recent advances in utilizing microfluidic techniques for the analysis of stem cells, and mentions the advantages and disadvantages of using microfluidic technology for stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoon Aghlmandi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aylin Nikshad
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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3
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Bacon K, Lavoie A, Rao BM, Daniele M, Menegatti S. Past, Present, and Future of Affinity-based Cell Separation Technologies. Acta Biomater 2020; 112:29-51. [PMID: 32442784 PMCID: PMC10364325 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progress in cell purification technology is critical to increase the availability of viable cells for therapeutic, diagnostic, and research applications. A variety of techniques are now available for cell separation, ranging from non-affinity methods such as density gradient centrifugation, dielectrophoresis, and filtration, to affinity methods such as chromatography, two-phase partitioning, and magnetic-/fluorescence-assisted cell sorting. For clinical and analytical procedures that require highly purified cells, the choice of cell purification method is crucial, since every method offers a different balance between yield, purity, and bioactivity of the cell product. For most applications, the requisite purity is only achievable through affinity methods, owing to the high target specificity that they grant. In this review, we discuss past and current methods for developing cell-targeting affinity ligands and their application in cell purification, along with the benefits and challenges associated with different purification formats. We further present new technologies, like stimuli-responsive ligands and parallelized microfluidic devices, towards improving the viability and throughput of cell products for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Our comparative analysis provides guidance in the multifarious landscape of cell separation techniques and highlights new technologies that are poised to play a key role in the future of cell purification in clinical settings and the biotech industry. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Technologies for cell purification have served science, medicine, and industrial biotechnology and biomanufacturing for decades. This review presents a comprehensive survey of this field by highlighting the scope and relevance of all known methods for cell isolation, old and new alike. The first section covers the main classes of target cells and compares traditional non-affinity and affinity-based purification techniques, focusing on established ligands and chromatographic formats. The second section presents an excursus of affinity-based pseudo-chromatographic and non-chromatographic technologies, especially focusing on magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Finally, the third section presents an overview of new technologies and emerging trends, highlighting how the progress in chemical, material, and microfluidic sciences has opened new exciting avenues towards high-throughput and high-purity cell isolation processes. This review is designed to guide scientists and engineers in their choice of suitable cell purification techniques for research or bioprocessing needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Bacon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Ashton Lavoie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Balaji M Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7928, USA
| | - Michael Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University - University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7928, USA.
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4
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ZHAO LP, YANG G, ZHANG XM, QU F. Development of Aptamer Screening against Proteins and Its Applications. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(20)60012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Binan L, Bélanger F, Uriarte M, Lemay JF, Pelletier De Koninck JC, Roy J, Affar EB, Drobetsky E, Wurtele H, Costantino S. Opto-magnetic capture of individual cells based on visual phenotypes. eLife 2019; 8:e45239. [PMID: 30969169 PMCID: PMC6499596 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to isolate rare live cells within a heterogeneous population based solely on visual criteria remains technically challenging, due largely to limitations imposed by existing sorting technologies. Here, we present a new method that permits labeling cells of interest by attaching streptavidin-coated magnetic beads to their membranes using the lasers of a confocal microscope. A simple magnet allows highly specific isolation of the labeled cells, which then remain viable and proliferate normally. As proof of principle, we tagged, isolated, and expanded individual cells based on three biologically relevant visual characteristics: i) presence of multiple nuclei, ii) accumulation of lipid vesicles, and iii) ability to resolve ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage foci. Our method constitutes a rapid, efficient, and cost-effective approach for isolation and subsequent characterization of rare cells based on observable traits such as movement, shape, or location, which in turn can generate novel mechanistic insights into important biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Binan
- Research CenterMaisonneuve-Rosemont HospitalMontrealCanada
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of MontrealMontrealCanada
| | - François Bélanger
- Research CenterMaisonneuve-Rosemont HospitalMontrealCanada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Biology ProgramUniversity of MontrealMontrealCanada
| | - Maxime Uriarte
- Research CenterMaisonneuve-Rosemont HospitalMontrealCanada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Biology ProgramUniversity of MontrealMontrealCanada
| | | | | | - Joannie Roy
- Research CenterMaisonneuve-Rosemont HospitalMontrealCanada
| | - El Bachir Affar
- Research CenterMaisonneuve-Rosemont HospitalMontrealCanada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Biology ProgramUniversity of MontrealMontrealCanada
| | - Elliot Drobetsky
- Research CenterMaisonneuve-Rosemont HospitalMontrealCanada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Biology ProgramUniversity of MontrealMontrealCanada
| | - Hugo Wurtele
- Research CenterMaisonneuve-Rosemont HospitalMontrealCanada
| | - Santiago Costantino
- Research CenterMaisonneuve-Rosemont HospitalMontrealCanada
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of MontrealMontrealCanada
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6
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Yao J, Chen J, Cao X, Dong H. Combining 3D sidewall electrodes and contraction/expansion microstructures in microchip promotes isolation of cancer cells from red blood cells. Talanta 2018; 196:546-555. [PMID: 30683404 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell sorting from heterogeneous organisms and tissues composed of multi-type cells is of great importance in biological and clinical applications. As promising cell sorting methods, dielectrophoresis (DEP) and hydrodynamics are attracting much attention in recent years. In this paper, we report a novel strategy by coupling DEP unit (3D sidewall electrodes) and hydrodynamic unit (microchannels with contraction/expansion structures) together in one microfluidic chip. Depending on the relative positions of 3D sidewall electrodes and contraction/expansion structure, three microchips (full-coupling, semi-coupling and non-coupling) are developed and their cell sorting performance are compared by isolating lung cancer cells (PC-9 cells) from red blood cells (RBCs). Both finite element simulation and practical cell sorting prove that high cell sorting efficiency (recovery of PC-9 cells: 90.21%, recovery of RBCs: 94.35%) can be achieved in full-coupling microchip, mainly owing to the synergistic effects between DEP sorting and hydrodynamic sorting. i.e., the positive DEP force generated by 3D sidewall electrodes can simultaneously act as an additional shear gradient lift force and thus trigger secondary flow even at low flow velocity. Live/dead cell staining, hemolysis ratio, fluorescence images and CCK-8 assay prove that RBCs and PC-9 cells show no significance difference in cell viability before and after cell sorting. The proposed coupling platform for cell sorting brings on a new pathway to construct integrated microfluidic chips for effective cell sorting and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingxuan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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7
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A Radial Pillar Device (RAPID) for continuous and high-throughput separation of multi-sized particles. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 20:6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-017-0246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Zhang Y, Lyons V, Pappas D. Fundamentals of affinity cell separations. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:732-741. [PMID: 28960354 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell separations using affinity methods continue to be an enabling science for a wide variety of applications. In this review, we discuss the fundamental aspects of affinity separation, including the competing forces for cell capture and elution, cell-surface interactions, and models for cell adhesion. Factors affecting separation performance such as bond affinity, contact area, and temperature are presented. We also discuss and demonstrate the effects of nonspecific binding on separation performance. Metrics for evaluating cell separations are presented, along with methods of comparing separation techniques for cell isolation using affinity capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Veronica Lyons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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9
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Wu T, Shao C, Li L, Wang S, Ouyang Q, Kang Y, Luo C. Streamline-based purification of bacterial samples from liquefied sputum utilizing microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3601-3608. [PMID: 28975175 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00771j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The separation or purification of bacterial samples from a mixed cell suspension is critical in a variety of biomedical applications, such as sputum diagnostics and cell biology studies. We propose a streamline-based microfluidic filtration device for highly efficient purification of bacterial samples from a mixed cell suspension. The device is composed of tens of repeated streamline-based separation units that continuously filter the solution. By injecting a liquid sample such as liquefied human sputum solution through the device, approximately 50% of the injected sample solution can be collected from the filtration collection channels, which filter approximately 99.9% of the mammalian cells but retain approximately 60% to 90% of the bacteria. Different injection rates (0.2 ml h-1 to 30 ml h-1), different sample viscosities, and different initial bacterial densities were tested and confirmed that our separation method was robust. The easy operation, robustness and high efficiency indicate that our method may be useful for the separation or purification of bacterial samples from a mixed cell suspension, such as bacterial samples for sputum diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wu
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, China.
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10
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Lance ST, Sukovich DJ, Stedman KM, Abate AR. Peering below the diffraction limit: robust and specific sorting of viruses with flow cytometry. Virol J 2016; 13:201. [PMID: 27906039 PMCID: PMC5131442 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viruses are incredibly diverse organisms and impact all forms of life on Earth; however, individual virions are challenging to study due to their small size and mass, precluding almost all direct imaging or molecular analysis. Moreover, like microbes, the overwhelming majority of viruses cannot be cultured, impeding isolation, replication, and study of interesting new species. Here, we introduce PCR-activated virus sorting, a method to isolate specific viruses from a heterogeneous population. Specific sorting opens new avenues in the study of uncultivable viruses, including recovering the full genomes of viruses based on genetic fragments in metagenomes, or identifying the hosts of viruses. Methods PAVS enables specific sorting of viruses with flow cytometry. A sample containing a virus population is processed through a microfluidic device to encapsulate it into droplets, such that the droplets contain different viruses from the sample. TaqMan PCR reagents are also included targeting specific virus species such that, upon thermal cycling, droplets containing the species become fluorescent. The target viruses are then recovered via droplet sorting. The recovered virus genomes can then be analyzed with qPCR and next generation sequencing. Results and Conclusions We describe the PAVS workflow and demonstrate its specificity for identifying target viruses in a heterogeneous population. In addition, we demonstrate recovery of the target viruses via droplet sorting and analysis of their nucleic acids with qPCR. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-016-0655-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shea T Lance
- Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David J Sukovich
- Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kenneth M Stedman
- Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Biology Department, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Adam R Abate
- Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. .,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. .,UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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11
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Weigum SE, Xiang L, Osta E, Li L, López GP. Hollow silica microspheres for buoyancy-assisted separation of infectious pathogens from stool. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1466:29-36. [PMID: 27614729 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Separation of cells and microorganisms from complex biological mixtures is a critical first step in many analytical applications ranging from clinical diagnostics to environmental monitoring for food and waterborne contaminants. Yet, existing techniques for cell separation are plagued by high reagent and/or instrumentation costs that limit their use in many remote or resource-poor settings, such as field clinics or developing countries. We developed an innovative approach to isolate infectious pathogens from biological fluids using buoyant hollow silica microspheres that function as "molecular buoys" for affinity-based target capture and separation by floatation. In this process, antibody functionalized glass microspheres are mixed with a complex biological sample, such as stool. When mixing is stopped, the target-bound, low-density microspheres float to the air/liquid surface, which simultaneously isolates and concentrates the target analytes from the sample matrix. The microspheres are highly tunable in terms of size, density, and surface functionality for targeting diverse analytes with separation times of ≤2min in viscous solutions. We have applied the molecular buoy technique for isolation of a protozoan parasite that causes diarrheal illness, Cryptosporidium, directly from stool with separation efficiencies over 90% and low non-specific binding. This low-cost method for phenotypic cell/pathogen separation from complex mixtures is expected to have widespread use in clinical diagnostics as well as basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Weigum
- Materials Science, Engineering, and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
| | - Lichen Xiang
- Materials Science, Engineering, and Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Erica Osta
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Linying Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Gabriel P López
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; NSF Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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12
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Zhang Z, Ramnath N, Nagrath S. Current Status of CTCs as Liquid Biopsy in Lung Cancer and Future Directions. Front Oncol 2015; 5:209. [PMID: 26484313 PMCID: PMC4588111 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have garnered a lot of attention in the past few decades. Isolation of these rare cells from the billions of blood cells has been a challenge until recent times. With the advent of new sensitive technologies that permit live cell isolation and downstream genomic analysis, the existing paradigm of CTC research has evolved to explore clinical utility of these cells. CTCs have been identified as prognostic and pharmacodynamic biomarkers in many solid tumors, including lung cancer. As a means of liquid biopsy, CTCs could play a major role in the development of personalized medicine and targeted therapies. This review discusses the state of various isolation strategies, cell separation techniques and key studies that illustrate the application of liquid biopsy to lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
| | - Nithya Ramnath
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA ; Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA ; Translational Oncology Program, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
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13
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Duan W, Wang W, Das S, Yadav V, Mallouk TE, Sen A. Synthetic Nano- and Micromachines in Analytical Chemistry: Sensing, Migration, Capture, Delivery, and Separation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2015; 8:311-333. [PMID: 26132348 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071114-040125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic nano- and microscale machines move autonomously in solution or drive fluid flows by converting sources of energy into mechanical work. Their sizes are comparable to analytes (sub-nano- to microscale), and they respond to signals from each other and their surroundings, leading to emergent collective behavior. These machines can potentially enable hitherto difficult analytical applications. In this article, we review the development of different classes of synthetic nano- and micromotors and pumps and indicate their possible applications in real-time in situ chemical sensing, on-demand directional transport, cargo capture and delivery, as well as analyte isolation and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Duan
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; ,
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14
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Kumar AA, Walz JA, Gonidec M, Mace CR, Whitesides GM. Combining Step Gradients and Linear Gradients in Density. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6158-64. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenna A. Walz
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | - Charles R. Mace
- Department
of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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15
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Skotis GD, Cumming DRS, Roberts JN, Riehle MO, Bernassau AL. Dynamic acoustic field activated cell separation (DAFACS). LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:802-10. [PMID: 25474444 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01153h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Advances in diagnostics, cell and stem cell technologies drive the development of application-specific tools for cell and particle separation. Acoustic micro-particle separation offers a promising avenue for high-throughput, label-free, high recovery, cell and particle separation and isolation in regenerative medicine. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach utilizing a dynamic acoustic field that is capable of separating an arbitrary size range of cells. We first demonstrate the method for the separation of particles with different diameters between 6 and 45 μm and secondly particles of different densities in a heterogeneous medium. The dynamic acoustic field is then used to separate dorsal root ganglion cells. The shearless, label-free and low damage characteristics make this method of manipulation particularly suited for biological applications. Advantages of using a dynamic acoustic field for the separation of cells include its inherent safety and biocompatibility, the possibility to operate over large distances (centimetres), high purity (ratio of particle population, up to 100%), and high efficiency (ratio of separated particles over total number of particles to separate, up to 100%).
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Skotis
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK.
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16
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Abstract
Separating cells from a heterogeneous sample on microfluidic devices is a very important unit operation in biological and medical research. Microfluidic affinity cell chromatography is a label-free separation technique, providing ease of operation, low cost, and rapid analysis. In this chapter, protocols for cell affinity separation in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-glass microdevices and glass capillaries are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Office Chemistry 300-B, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1061, USA
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17
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Lin RZ, Hatch A, Antontsev VG, Murthy SK, Melero-Martin JM. Microfluidic capture of endothelial colony-forming cells from human adult peripheral blood: phenotypic and functional validation in vivo. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2014; 21:274-83. [PMID: 25091645 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) are endothelial progenitors that circulate in peripheral blood and are currently the subject of intensive investigation due to their therapeutic potential. However, in adults, ECFCs comprise a very small subset among circulating cells, which makes their isolation a challenge. MATERIALS AND METHODS Currently, the standard method for ECFC isolation relies on the separation of mononuclear cells and erythrocyte lysis, steps that are time consuming and known to increase cell loss. Alternatively, we previously developed a novel disposable microfluidic platform containing antibody-functionalized degradable hydrogel coatings that is ideally suited for capturing low-abundance circulating cells from unprocessed blood. In this study, we reasoned that this microfluidic approach could effectively isolate rare ECFCs by virtue of their CD34 expression. RESULTS We conducted preclinical experiments with peripheral blood from four adult volunteers and demonstrated that the actual microfluidic capture of circulating CD34(+) cells from unprocessed blood was compatible with the subsequent differentiation of these cells into ECFCs. Moreover, the ECFC yield obtained with the microfluidic system was comparable to that of the standard method. Importantly, we unequivocally validated the phenotypical and functional properties of the captured ECFCs, including the ability to form microvascular networks following transplantation into immunodeficient mice. DISCUSSION We showed that the simplicity and versatility of our microfluidic system could be very instrumental for ECFC isolation while preserving their therapeutic potential. We anticipate our results will facilitate additional development of clinically suitable microfluidic devices by the vascular therapeutic and diagnostic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Zeng Lin
- 1 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
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18
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Wu L, Chen P, Dong Y, Feng X, Liu BF. Encapsulation of single cells on a microfluidic device integrating droplet generation with fluorescence-activated droplet sorting. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 15:553-60. [PMID: 23404263 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-013-9754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation of single cells is a challenging task in droplet microfluidics due to the random compartmentalization of cells dictated by Poisson statistics. In this paper, a microfluidic device was developed to improve the single-cell encapsulation rate by integrating droplet generation with fluorescence-activated droplet sorting. After cells were loaded into aqueous droplets by hydrodynamic focusing, an on-flight fluorescence-activated sorting process was conducted to isolate droplets containing one cell. Encapsulation of fluorescent polystyrene beads was investigated to evaluate the developed method. A single-bead encapsulation rate of more than 98 % was achieved under the optimized conditions. Application to encapsulate single HeLa cells was further demonstrated with a single-cell encapsulation rate of 94.1 %, which is about 200 % higher than those obtained by random compartmentalization. We expect this new method to provide a useful platform for encapsulating single cells, facilitating the development of high-throughput cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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19
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Nunes-Miranda JD, Núñez C, Santos HM, Vale G, Reboiro-Jato M, Fdez-Riverola F, Lodeiro C, Miró M, Capelo JL. A mesofluidic platform integrating on-chip probe ultrasonication for multiple sample pretreatment involving denaturation, reduction, and digestion in protein identification assays by mass spectrometry. Analyst 2014; 139:992-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an02178e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel mesofluidic platform integrating on-chip probe ultrasonication for automated high-throughput shotgun proteomic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Nunes-Miranda
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro
- Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology
| | - Cristina Núñez
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia
- FCT
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
| | - Hugo M. Santos
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro
- Vila Real, Portugal
- REQUIMTE
| | - G. Vale
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia
- FCT
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
| | - Miguel Reboiro-Jato
- SING Group
- Informatics Department
- Higher Technical School of Computer Engineering
- University of Vigo
- Ourense, Spain
| | - Florentino Fdez-Riverola
- SING Group
- Informatics Department
- Higher Technical School of Computer Engineering
- University of Vigo
- Ourense, Spain
| | - Carlos Lodeiro
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia
- FCT
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of the Balearic Islands
- Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J. L. Capelo
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia
- FCT
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
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20
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Abstract
Cellular separations are required in many contexts in biochemical and biomedical applications for the identification, isolation, and analysis of phenotypes or samples of interest. Microfluidics is uniquely suited for handling biological samples, and emerging technologies have become increasingly accessible tools for researchers and clinicians. Here, we review advances in the last few years in techniques for microfluidic cell separation and manipulation. Applications such as high-throughput cell and organism phenotypic screening, purification of heterogeneous stem cell populations, separation of blood components, and isolation of rare cells in patients highlight some of the areas in which these technologies show great potential. Continued advances in separation mechanisms and understanding of cellular systems will yield further improvements in the throughput, resolution, and robustness of techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Jackson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0100, USA
| | - Hang Lu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0100, USA
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21
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Li XL, Shan S, Xiong M, Xia XH, Xu JJ, Chen HY. On-chip selective capture of cancer cells and ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of survivin mRNA in a single living cell. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3868-75. [PMID: 23912689 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50587a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The rapid recognition of cancer cells and detection of tumor biomarker survivin mRNA plays a critical role in the early diagnosis of many cancers. Based on the integration of specific cancer cell capture and intracellular survivin mRNA detection, this work presents a novel and sensitive on-chip approach for the bioanalysis of survivin mRNA in a single living cell. The microchannel surface was firstly modified with a prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) monoclonal antibody as the recognition element for prostate cancer cells (PC-3). As a result of the antigen-antibody specific affinity interactions, PC-3 cells could be selectively captured on the microchannel surface. After cell capture, nano-sized graphene oxide-poly(ethylene glycol) bis(amine) (NGO-PEG) was employed as a quencher and carrier of a signal tag, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled antisense oligonucleotide (F-S1), which is complementary to part of survivin mRNA (target survivin mRNA), to transfect into the captured PC-3 cells. Upon the selective binding of S1 to intracellular survivin mRNA, F-S1 will be released from the NGO-PEG, inducing the fluorescence recovery of FITC. This antibody-based microfluidic device enables simple and inexpensive monitoring of the amount of survivin mRNA in single captured cell without the need for sample pretreatment. The survivin mRNA content in each PC-3 cell was estimated to be (4.8 ± 1.8) × 10(6) copies. This strategy opens a different perspective for ultrasensitive survivin mRNA detection, which may facilitate the early screening for malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R.China.
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22
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Tripathi A, Riddell J, Chronis N. A Biochip with a 3D microfluidic architecture for trapping white blood cells. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2013; 186:244-251. [PMID: 23935241 PMCID: PMC3735198 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2013.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We present a microfluidic biochip for trapping single white blood cells (WBCs). The novel biochip, microfabricated using standard surface micromachining processes, consists of an array of precisely engineered microholes that confine single cells in a tight, three dimensional space and mechanically immobilize them. A high (> 87%) trapping efficiency was achieved when WBC-containing samples were delivered to the biochip at the optimal pressure of 3 psi. The biochip can efficiently trap up to 7,500 cells, maintaining a high trapping efficiency even when the number of cells is extremely low (~200 cells). We believe that the developed biochip can be used as a standalone unit in a biology/clinical lab for trapping WBCs as well as other cell types and imaging them using a standard fluorescent microscope at the single cell level. Furthermore, it can be integrated with other miniaturized optical modules to construct a portable platform for counting a wide variety of cells and therefore it can be an excellent tool for monitoring human diseases at the point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Tripathi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
| | - James Riddell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
| | - Nikos Chronis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering. University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
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23
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Abstract
The isolation and sorting of cells has become an increasingly important step in chemical and biological analyses. As a unit operation in more complex analyses, isolating a phenotypically pure cell population from a heterogeneous sample presents unique challenges. Microfluidic systems are ideal platforms for performing cell separations, enabling integration with other techniques and enhancing traditional separation modalities. In recent years there have been several techniques that use surface antigen affinity, physical interactions, or a combination of the two to achieve high separation purity and efficiency. This review discusses methods including magnetophoretic, acoustophoretic, sedimentation, electric, and hydrodynamic methods for physical separations. We also discuss affinity methods, including magnetic sorting, flow sorting, and affinity capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
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24
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Portugal LA, Laglera LM, Anthemidis AN, Ferreira SL, Miró M. Pressure-driven mesofluidic platform integrating automated on-chip renewable micro-solid-phase extraction for ultrasensitive determination of waterborne inorganic mercury. Talanta 2013; 110:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Tan W, Donovan MJ, Jiang J. Aptamers from cell-based selection for bioanalytical applications. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2842-62. [PMID: 23509854 PMCID: PMC5519293 DOI: 10.1021/cr300468w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
- Center For Research at Bio/nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Michael J. Donovan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
- Center For Research at Bio/nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jianhui Jiang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
- Center For Research at Bio/nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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26
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Abstract
Stem cell therapy and translational stem cell research require large-scale supply of stem cells at high purity and viability, thus leading to the development of stem cell separation technologies. This review covers key technologies being applied to stem cell separation, and also highlights exciting new approaches in this field. First, we will cover conventional separation methods that are commercially available and have been widely adapted. These methods include Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), Magnet-activated cell sorting (MACS), pre-plating, conditioned expansion media, density gradient centrifugation, field flow fractionation (FFF), and dielectrophoresis (DEP). Next, we will introduce emerging novel methods that are currently under development. These methods include improved aqueous two-phase system, systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), and various types of microfluidic platforms. Finally, we will discuss the challenges and directions towards future breakthroughs for stem cell isolation. Advancing stem cell separation techniques will be essential for clinical and research applications of stem cells.
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27
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Hattersley SM, Greenman J, Haswell SJ. The application of microfluidic devices for viral diagnosis in developing countries. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 949:285-303. [PMID: 23329450 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-134-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Whilst diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disorders are increasing in the developed world, the main threat to global health remains viral-based infectious disease. Such diseases are notably prevalent in developing countries, where they represent a major cause of mortality; however, their detection and prevention is typically hampered by poor infrastructure and a lack of resources to support the sophisticated diagnostic tools commonly found in modern laboratories. Microfluidic-based diagnostics has the potential to close the gap between developed and developing world medical needs due to the robustness and reduced operating costs such technology offers. The most recent developments in microfluidic diagnostics for viral infections have explored the separation and enumeration of immune cells, the capture and identification of viral particles, and antiviral drug evaluation within microchannels and chambers. Advances in solid-phase separation, isothermal amplification, real-time detection of nucleotide products, and improved efficiency of detection systems in microfluidic platforms have also opened up opportunities for diagnostic innovation. This chapter reviews the potential capability microfluidic technology can offer in addressing the practical challenges of providing diagnostic technology for developing countries, illustrated by research on key viral diseases.
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28
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Sano N, Matsukura B, Ikeyama Y, Tamon H. Dielectrophoretic particle separator using mesh stacked electrodes and simplified model for multistage separation. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2012.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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Naves T, Battu S, Jauberteau MO, Cardot PJ, Ratinaud MH, Verdier M. Autophagic Subpopulation Sorting by Sedimentation Field-Flow Fractionation. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8748-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302032v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Naves
- Université de Limoges, Institut 145 GEIST, EA 3842 “Homéostasie
cellulaire et pathologies”, Faculté de Médecine,
2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Serge Battu
- Université de Limoges, Institut 145 GEIST, EA 3842 “Homéostasie
cellulaire et pathologies”, Faculté de Médecine,
2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Bromatologie, 87025
Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- Université de Limoges, Institut 145 GEIST, EA 3842 “Homéostasie
cellulaire et pathologies”, Faculté de Médecine,
2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Philippe J.P. Cardot
- Université de Limoges, Institut 145 GEIST, EA 3842 “Homéostasie
cellulaire et pathologies”, Faculté de Médecine,
2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Bromatologie, 87025
Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Ratinaud
- Université de Limoges, Institut 145 GEIST, EA 3842 “Homéostasie
cellulaire et pathologies”, Faculté de Médecine,
2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Mireille Verdier
- Université de Limoges, Institut 145 GEIST, EA 3842 “Homéostasie
cellulaire et pathologies”, Faculté de Médecine,
2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
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30
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Li P, Gao Y, Pappas D. Multiparameter cell affinity chromatography: separation and analysis in a single microfluidic channel. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8140-8. [PMID: 22958145 DOI: 10.1021/ac302002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to sort and capture more than one cell type from a complex sample will enable a wide variety of studies of cell proliferation and death and the analysis of disease states. In this work, we integrated a pneumatic actuated control layer to an affinity separation layer to create different antibody-coating regions on the same fluidic channel. The comparison of different antibody capture capabilities to the same cell line was demonstrated by flowing Ramos cells through anti-CD19- and anti-CD71-coated regions in the same channel. It was determined that the cell capture density on the anti-CD19 region was 2.44 ± 0.13 times higher than that on the anti-CD71-coated region. This approach can be used to test different affinity molecules for selectivity and capture efficiency using a single cell line in one separation. Selective capture of Ramos and HuT 78 cells from a mixture was also demonstrated using two antibody regions in the same channel. Greater than 90% purity was obtained on both capture areas in both continuous flow and stop flow separation modes. A four-region antibody-coated device was then fabricated to study the simultaneous, serial capture of three different cell lines. In this case the device showed effective capture of cells in a single separation channel, opening up the possibility of multiple cell sorting. Multiparameter sequential blood sample analysis was also demonstrated with high capture specificity (>97% for both CD19+ and CD4+ leukocytes). The chip can also be used to selectively treat cells after affinity separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
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31
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Zhang Z, Chen N, Li S, Battig MR, Wang Y. Programmable hydrogels for controlled cell catch and release using hybridized aptamers and complementary sequences. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:15716-9. [PMID: 22970862 DOI: 10.1021/ja307717w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to regulate cell-material interactions is important in various applications such as regenerative medicine and cell separation. This study successfully demonstrates that the binding states of cells on a hydrogel surface can be programmed by using hybridized aptamers and triggering complementary sequences (CSs). In the absence of the triggering CSs, the aptamers exhibit a stable, hybridized state in the hydrogel for cell-type-specific catch. In the presence of the triggering CSs, the aptamers are transformed into a new hybridized state that leads to the rapid dissociation of the aptamers from the hydrogel. As a result, the cells are released from the hydrogel. The entire procedure of cell catch and release during the transformation of the aptamers is biocompatible and does not involve any factor destructive to either the cells or the hydrogel. Thus, the programmable hydrogel is regenerable and can be applied to a new round of cell catch and release when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Materials, and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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32
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Sheng S, Kong F. Separation of antigens and antibodies by immunoaffinity chromatography. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:1038-1044. [PMID: 22480305 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.653493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Affinity chromatography is an efficient antibody, antigen and protein separation method based on the interaction between specific immobilized ligands and target antibody, antigen, and so on. Populations of available ligands can be used to separate antibodies or their Fab fragments. Similarly, antigens can be isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) on immobilized antibodies of low affinity. OBJECTIVE This review describes the advantages, the applications, as well as the drawbacks, of IAC in the separation and purification of antibodies and antigens. METHODS The present review discussed all types of purification and isolation of antibodies and antigens by IAC, including purification of antibodies using immobilized and synthetic mimic proteins A, G and L; isolation of Fab fragments of antibodies; separation of antibodies against different antigen forms; isolation of antigens by immobilized antibodies and so on. These methods come from over 60 references compiled from all major databases. RESULTS Purification of antigens with antibodies should choose low-affinity antibodies to avoid denaturation of most proteins. Concern for cost and safety, prompted research activities focused on novel synthetic ligands with improved properties such as lower cost, avoidance of the risk of contamination associated with natural ligands of human or animal origin to isolate antibodies and antigens. CONCLUSION It is anticipated that the improvements of IAC will have impact not only on large-scale production of antibodies but also on the generation of new affinity-based methods for the increasing number of proteins and antibody derivatives available by protein engineering and the proteomics revolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Sheng
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Mandon CA, Berthuy OI, Corgier BP, Le Goff GC, Faure P, Marche PN, Blum LJ, Marquette CA. Polymer adhesive surface as flexible generic platform for multiplexed assays biochip production. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 39:37-43. [PMID: 22795528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present report describes the integration and application possibilities of a new microarray concept based on adhesive surface. The method was shown to enable the straightforward production of 384 and 1536-well plates modified with 100 and 25 spots per well, respectively. Such in-well densities were only possible thanks to the fabrication process which implies first the deposition of the microarray on a flat adhesive surface and then its assembly with bottomless 384 or 1536-well plates. The concept was also confronted to various applications such as oligonucleotide detection, localised cell culture onto spotted adhesion proteins and immobilisation of peptide or active antibodies for immunoassays. In the particular case of immunotesting, the study focused on liver diseases diagnosis and more particularly on the detection of either one liver cancer marker, the alpha-fetoprotein, or the detection of Hepatitis C Virus infection. In every cases, interesting performances were obtained directly in crude patient serum, proof of the robust and generic aspect of the platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline A Mandon
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique, Membranes Biomimétiques et Assemblages Supramoléculaires, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-University of Lyon-CNRS 5246 ICBMS, Bât. CPE-43 Bd du 11 Nov.1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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34
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Forbes TP, Forry SP. Microfluidic magnetophoretic separations of immunomagnetically labeled rare mammalian cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:1471-9. [PMID: 22395226 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40113d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Immunomagnetic isolation and magnetophoresis in microfluidics have emerged as viable techniques for the separation, fractionation, and enrichment of rare cells. Here we present the development and characterization of a microfluidic system that incorporates an angled permanent magnet for the lateral magnetophoresis of superparamagnetic beads and labeled cell-bead complexes. A numerical model, based on the relevant transport processes, is developed as a design tool for the demonstration and prediction of magnetophoretic displacement. We employ a dimensionless magnetophoresis parameter to efficiently investigate the design space, gain insight into the physics of the system, and compare results across the vast spectrum of magnetophoretic microfluidic systems. The numerical model and theoretical analysis are experimentally validated by the lateral magnetophoretic deflection of superparamagnetic beads and magnetically labeled breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells in a microfluidic device that incorporates a permanent magnet angled relative to the flow. Through the dimensionless magnetophoresis parameter, the transition between regimes of magnetophoretic action, from hydrodynamically dominated (magnetic deflection) to magnetically dominated (magnetic capture), is experimentally identified. This powerful tool and theoretical framework enables efficient device and experiment design of biologically relevant systems, taking into account their inherent variability and labeling distributions. This analysis identifies the necessary beads, magnet configuration (orientation), magnet type (permanent, ferromagnetic, electromagnet), flow rate, channel geometry, and buffer to achieve the desired level of magnetophoretic deflection or capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Forbes
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Biochemical Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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35
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Shah AM, Yu M, Nakamura Z, Ciciliano J, Ulman M, Kotz K, Stott SL, Maheswaran S, Haber DA, Toner M. Biopolymer system for cell recovery from microfluidic cell capture devices. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3682-8. [PMID: 22414137 PMCID: PMC3328665 DOI: 10.1021/ac300190j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems for affinity-based cell isolation have emerged as a promising approach for the isolation of specific cells from complex matrices (i.e., circulating tumor cells in whole blood). However, these technologies remain limited by the lack of reliable methods for the innocuous recovery of surface captured cells. Here, we present a biofunctional sacrificial hydrogel coating for microfluidic chips that enables the highly efficient release of isolated cells (99% ± 1%) following gel dissolution. This covalently cross-linked alginate biopolymer system is stable in a wide variety of physiologic solutions (including EDTA treated whole blood) and may be rapidly degraded via backbone cleavage with alginate lyase. The capture and release of EpCAM expressing cancer cells using this approach was found to have no significant effect on cell viability or proliferative potential, and recovered cells were demonstrated to be compatible with downstream immunostaining and FISH analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay M. Shah
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachussets Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachussets General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
| | - Min Yu
- Cancer Center, Massachussets General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase MD 20815
| | - Zev Nakamura
- Cancer Center, Massachussets General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
| | - Jordan Ciciliano
- Cancer Center, Massachussets General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
| | - Matthew Ulman
- Cancer Center, Massachussets General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
| | - Kenneth Kotz
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachussets General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
- Department Of Surgery, Massachussets General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston MA 02114
| | - Shannon L. Stott
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachussets General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
- Department Of Surgery, Massachussets General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston MA 02114
| | - Shyamala Maheswaran
- Cancer Center, Massachussets General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
- Department Of Surgery, Massachussets General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
| | - Daniel A. Haber
- Cancer Center, Massachussets General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
- Department Of Medicine, Massachussets General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase MD 20815
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachussets General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
- Department Of Surgery, Massachussets General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston MA 02114
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36
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Specific peptides as alternative to antibody ligands for biomagnetic separation of Clostridium tyrobutyricum spores. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:3219-26. [PMID: 22160206 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the reference method for the detection of Clostridium tyrobutyricum in milk is the most-probable-number method, a very time-consuming and non-specific method. In this work, the suitability of the use of superparamagnetic beads coated with specific antibodies and peptides for bioseparation and concentration of spores of C. tyrobutyricum has been assessed. Peptide or antibody functionalized nanoparticles were able to specifically bind C. tyrobutyricum spores and concentrate them up to detectable levels. Moreover, several factors, such as particle size (200 nm and 1 μm), particle derivatization (aminated and carboxylated beads), coating method, and type of ligand have been studied in order to establish the most appropriate conditions for spore separation. Results show that concentration of spore is favored by a smaller bead size due to the wider surface of interaction in relation to particle volume. Antibody orientation, related to the binding method, is also critical in spore recovery. However, specific peptides seem to be a better ligand than antibodies, not only due to the higher recovery ratio of spores obtained but also due to the prolonged stability over time, allowing an optimal recovery of spores up to 3 weeks after bead coating. These results demonstrate that specific peptides bound to magnetic nanoparticles can be used instead of traditional antibodies to specifically bind C. tyrobutyricum spores being a potential basis for a rapid method to detect this bacterial target.
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Li P, Gao Y, Pappas D. Negative enrichment of target cells by microfluidic affinity chromatography. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7863-9. [PMID: 21939198 PMCID: PMC3199139 DOI: 10.1021/ac201752s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional microfluidic channel was developed for high-purity cell separations. This system featured high capture affinity using multiple vertical inlets to an affinity surface. In cell separations, positive selection (capture of the target cell) is usually employed. Negative enrichment, the capture of nontarget cells and elution of target cells, has distinct advantages over positive selection. In negative enrichment, target cells are not labeled and are not subjected to strenuous elution conditions or dilution. As a result, negative enrichment systems are amenable to multistep processes in microfluidic systems. In previous work (Li, P.; Tian, Y.; Pappas, D. Anal. Chem.2011, 83, 774-781), we reported cell capture enhancement effects at vertical inlets to the affinity surface. In this study, we designed a chip that has multiple vertical and horizontal channels, forming a three-dimensional separation system. Enrichment of target cells showed separation purities of 92-96%, compared with straight-channel systems (77% purity). A parallelized chip was also developed for increased sample throughput. A two-channel system showed similar separation purity with twice the sample flow rate. This microfluidic system, featuring high separation purity and ease of fabrication and use is suitable for cell separations when subsequent analysis of target cells is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
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38
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Ott S, Niessner R, Seidel M. Preparation of epoxy-based macroporous monolithic columns for the fast and efficient immunofiltration of Staphylococcus aureus. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2181-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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39
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Yohannes G, Jussila M, Hartonen K, Riekkola ML. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation technique for separation and characterization of biopolymers and bioparticles. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4104-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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40
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhu S, Gao BZ, Yuan XC. A simple dynamic optical manipulation technique for label-free detection of biological cells. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:064301. [PMID: 21721709 DOI: 10.1063/1.3597675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A dynamic optical tweezers system is employed for generation of an optical trap in continuous rotation for manipulating a biological cell in an aqueous solution. When the rotating speed is increased, the trapped cell experiences an augmented viscous drag force, and eventually it escapes from the trap at the critical rotating speed: when the drag force is greater than the trapping force. With experimental verifications, the method can easily be employed to differentiate cells in terms of trapping forces due to different refractive indices. The proposed method is a simple, robust, accurate and noninvasive label-free technique for cell detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology, Ministry of Education of China, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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41
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Abstract
This article reviews existing methods for the isolation, fractionation, or capture of rare cells in microfluidic devices. Rare cell capture devices face the challenge of maintaining the efficiency standard of traditional bulk separation methods such as flow cytometers and immunomagnetic separators while requiring very high purity of the target cell population, which is typically already at very low starting concentrations. Two major classifications of rare cell capture approaches are covered: (1) non-electrokinetic methods (e.g., immobilization via antibody or aptamer chemistry, size-based sorting, and sheath flow and streamline sorting) are discussed for applications using blood cells, cancer cells, and other mammalian cells, and (2) electrokinetic (primarily dielectrophoretic) methods using both electrode-based and insulative geometries are presented with a view towards pathogen detection, blood fractionation, and cancer cell isolation. The included methods were evaluated based on performance criteria including cell type modeled and used, number of steps/stages, cell viability, and enrichment, efficiency, and/or purity. Major areas for improvement are increasing viability and capture efficiency/purity of directly processed biological samples, as a majority of current studies only process spiked cell lines or pre-diluted/lysed samples. Despite these current challenges, multiple advances have been made in the development of devices for rare cell capture and the subsequent elucidation of new biological phenomena; this article serves to highlight this progress as well as the electrokinetic and non-electrokinetic methods that can potentially be combined to improve performance in future studies.
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42
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Martin JA, Phillips JA, Parekh P, Sefah K, Tan W. Capturing cancer cells using aptamer-immobilized square capillary channels. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:1720-7. [PMID: 21424012 DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00311e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a simple square capillary-based cell affinity chromatography device that utilizes a coating of aptamers for selective capture of target cancer cells from a flowing suspension. The device consists of a square capillary with an inner diameter of roughly five cell diameters, connected via Teflon tubing to a syringe. Aptamers are immobilized on the inner surface of the capillary through biotin-avidin chemistry, the extent of which can be controlled by adjusting the aptamer concentration. Introduction of different cell types into separate devices, as well as mixtures of target and non-target cells, demonstrated that aptamer-target cells can be captured in significantly higher concentrations compared to non-target cells. Once optimized, 91.1 ± 3.5% capture efficiency of target leukemia cells was reported, as well as 97.2 ± 2.8% and 83.6 ± 5.8% for two different colon cancer cell lines. In addition, cells captured in the device were imaged, and the square capillary exhibited better optical properties than standard cylindrical capillaries, leading to the detection of leukemia cells in blood samples. Compared to current microfluidic cell affinity devices, this capture device requires no complicated design or fabrication steps. By providing a simple means of detecting and imaging cancer cells in the blood, this work has potential to directly assist clinicians in determining disease prognosis and measuring therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Martin
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
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Li P, Tian Y, Pappas D. Comparison of inlet geometry in microfluidic cell affinity chromatography. Anal Chem 2011; 83:774-81. [PMID: 21207967 PMCID: PMC3059352 DOI: 10.1021/ac102975g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell separation based on microfluidic affinity chromatography is a widely used methodology in cell analysis research when rapid separations with high purity are needed. Several successful examples have been reported with high separation efficiency and purity; however, cell capture at the inlet area and inlet design have not been extensively described or studied. The most common inlets-used to connect the microfluidic chip to pumps, tubing, etc.-are vertical (top-loading) inlets and parallel (in-line) inlets. In this work, we investigated the cell capture behavior near the affinity chip inlet area and compared the different performances of vertical inlet devices and parallel inlet devices. Vertical inlet devices showed significant cell capture capability near the inlet area, which led to the formation of cell blockages as the separation progressed. Cell density near the inlet area was much higher than that in the remaining channel, whereas for parallel inlet chips cell density at the inlet area was similar to that in the rest of the channel. In this paper, we discuss the effects of inlet type on chip fabrication, nonspecific binding, cell capture efficiency, and separation purity. We also discuss the possibility of using vertical inlets in negative-selection separations. Our findings show that inlet design is critical and must be considered when fabricating cell affinity microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
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Hadorn M, Eggenberger Hotz P. Encapsulated Multi-vesicle Assemblies of Programmable Architecture: Towards Personalized Healthcare. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-18472-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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45
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Ramón-Azcón J, Yasukawa T, Mizutani F. Sensitive and Spatially Multiplexed Detection System Based on Dielectrophoretic Manipulation of DNA-Encoded Particles Used as Immunoreactions Platform. Anal Chem 2010; 83:1053-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102854z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ramón-Azcón
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yasukawa
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST-CREST), 5, Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Fumio Mizutani
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
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Zhou J, Soontornworajit B, Wang Y. A temperature-responsive antibody-like nanostructure. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:2087-93. [PMID: 20690716 DOI: 10.1021/bm100450k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies play an essential role in various applications. However, antibodies exhibit considerable challenges in applications that require tunable binding capabilities and exposure to nonphysiological conditions such as chemical conjugation. This study is aimed to develop a novel antibody-like nanostructure with special features. The key components of the nanostructure are two DNA aptamers and a dendrimer. The aptamers are used to mimic the antigen-binding sites of an antibody; the dendrimer is used to provide a defined conjugation site for carrying molecules of interest. The results showed that the bivalent nanostructure exhibited a high binding affinity and specificity. Moreover, a temperature shift from 0 to 37 degrees C would trigger its rapid dissociation from the bound target cells, which is not possible in antibody-antigen complexes. Thus, an antibody-like nanostructure was successfully developed with novel features that natural antibodies do not possess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Chemical, Materials, and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3222, USA
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47
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Mandon CA, Heyries KA, Blum LJ, Marquette CA. Polyshrink™ based microfluidic chips and protein microarrays. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:1218-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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48
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Gu L, Park JH, Duong KH, Ruoslahti E, Sailor MJ. Magnetic luminescent porous silicon microparticles for localized delivery of molecular drug payloads. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:2546-52. [PMID: 20814923 PMCID: PMC3033739 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic manipulation, fluorescent tracking, and localized delivery of a drug payload to cancer cells in vitro is demonstrated, using nanostructured porous silicon microparticles as a carrier. The multifunctional microparticles are prepared by electrochemical porosification of a silicon wafer in a hydrofluoric acid-containing electrolyte, followed by removal and fracture of the porous layer into particles using ultrasound. The intrinsically luminescent particles are loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin. The drug-containing particles are delivered to human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells in vitro, under the guidance of a magnetic field. The high concentration of particles in the proximity of the magnetic field results in a high concentration of drug being released in that region of the Petri dish, and localized cell death is confirmed by cellular viability assay (Calcein AM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kim H. Duong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Erkki Ruoslahti
- Burnham Institute for Medical Research at UCSB, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1105 Life Sciences Technology Bldg. Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Michael J. Sailor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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49
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Didar TF, Tabrizian M. Adhesion based detection, sorting and enrichment of cells in microfluidic Lab-on-Chip devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:3043-53. [PMID: 20877893 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The detection, isolation and sorting of cells are important tools in both clinical diagnostics and fundamental research. Advances in microfluidic cell sorting devices have enabled scientists to attain improved separation with comparative ease and considerable time savings. Despite the great potential of Lab-on-Chip cell sorting devices for targeting cells with desired specificity and selectivity, this field of research remains unexploited. The challenge resides in the detection techniques which has to be specific, fast, cost-effective, and implementable within the fabrication limitations of microchips. Adhesion-based microfluidic devices seem to be a reliable solution compared to the sophisticated detection techniques used in other microfluidic cell sorting systems. It provides the specificity in detection, label-free separation without requirement for a preprocessing step, and the possibility of targeting rare cell types. This review elaborates on recent advances in adhesion-based microfluidic devices for sorting, detection and enrichment of different cell lines, with a particular focus on selective adhesion of desired cells on surfaces modified with ligands specific to target cells. The effect of shear stress on cell adhesion in flow conditions is also discussed. Recently published applications of specific adhesive ligands and surface functionalization methods have been presented to further elucidate the advances in cell adhesive microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Fatanat Didar
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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50
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Trilisky EI, Lenhoff AM. Effect of bioparticle size on dispersion and retention in monolithic and perfusive beds. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7372-84. [PMID: 20951383 PMCID: PMC2978737 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Single-component pulse response studies were used to compare the retention and transport behavior of small molecules, proteins, and a virus on commercially available monolithic and perfusive ion-exchangers. Temporal distortion and extra-column effects were corrected for using a simple algorithm based on the method of moments. It was found that temporal distortion is inversely related to the number of theoretical plates. With increasing bioparticle size, retention increased and the transition from a non-eluting to a non-adsorbing state with increasing ionic strength became more abrupt. Both of these observations are qualitatively explained by calculations of particle-surface electrostatic attractive energy. Calculations also suggest that, for sufficiently large bioparticles, such as viruses or cells, hydrodynamic drag can promote elution. Under non-adsorbing conditions, plate height increased only weakly with flow rate and the skew remained unchanged. With increasing retention, plate height increased dramatically for proteins. Plate height was scaled by permeability rather than bead diameter to enable comparison among different stationary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abraham M. Lenhoff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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