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Mohammadnejad L, Theurer A, Alber J, Illing B, Kimmerle-Mueller E, Schultheiss J, Krajewski S, Rupp F. Surface-Mediated Modulation of Different Biological Responses on Anatase-Coated Titanium. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:29. [PMID: 38391882 PMCID: PMC10889146 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Various surface modification strategies are being developed to endow dental titanium implant surfaces with micro- and nano-structures to improve their biocompatibility, and first of all their osseointegration. These modifications have the potential to address clinical concerns by stimulating different biological processes. This study aims to evaluate the biological responses of ananatase-modified blasted/etched titanium (SLA-anatase) surfaces compared to blasted/acid etched (SLA) and machined titanium surfaces. Using unipolar pulsed direct current (DC) sputtering, a nanocrystalline anatase layer was fabricated. In vitro experiments have shown that SLA-anatase discs can effectively promote osteoblast adhesion and proliferation, which are regarded as important features of a successful dental implant with bone contact. Furthermore, anatase surface modification has been shown to partially enhance osteoblast mineralization in vitro, while not significantly affecting bacterial colonization. Consequently, the recently created anatase coating holds significant potential as a promising candidate for future advancements in dental implant surface modification for improving the initial stages of osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mohammadnejad
- Department Medical Materials Science & Technology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antonia Theurer
- Department Medical Materials Science & Technology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Alber
- Department Medical Materials Science & Technology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Illing
- Department Medical Materials Science & Technology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Evi Kimmerle-Mueller
- Department Medical Materials Science & Technology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jacob Schultheiss
- Department Medical Materials Science & Technology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Krajewski
- Department Medical Materials Science & Technology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Rupp
- Department Medical Materials Science & Technology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Ali A, Chowdhury S, Carr MA, Janorkar AV, Marquart M, Griggs JA, Bumgardner JD, Roach MD. Antibacterial and biocompatible polyaniline-doped titanium oxide layers. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:1100-1111. [PMID: 36585829 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Titanium anodization has been shown to produce crystalline oxides exhibiting photocatalytic reactions that form reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to UV light. The ROS subsequently attack bacteria cells, and thus reduce bacteria attachment on titanium implant surfaces. Polyaniline (PANI) is a conductive polymer that has shown antibacterial properties when electropolymerized onto titanium. Our research group hypothesized the addition of PANI to crystalline titanium oxide surfaces would increase the available free electrons and thus increase photocatalytic activity (PCA). This research led to the development of a novel single-step anodization approach for PANI doping crystalline titanium oxide layers. The objective of the present study was to determine the proper aniline electrolyte concentration needed to maximize the PCA and reduce bacterial attachment on the formed oxides. Aniline concentrations up to 1 M were added into a 1 M sulfuric acid electrolyte. The formed oxides exhibited increased PANI surface coverage but decreased anatase and rutile crystalline titanium oxide phase formation with increasing aniline electrolyte concentrations. Despite exhibiting the lowest levels of anatase and rutile formation, the 0.75 M and 1 M aniline oxides with the greatest PANI surface coverage also exhibited the highest PCA levels. 1 M aniline oxides showed significantly higher PCA under UVA irradiation compared to oxides formed from aniline concentrations up to 0.5 M (p < 0.001). 0.75 M aniline oxides exhibited significant reductions in Staphylococcus aureus attachment with or without UVA irradiation compared to control oxides without PANI. MTT and live/dead assays confirmed cytocompatibility and nearly 100% cell viability for the PANI doped oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ali
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Sheetal Chowdhury
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mary A Carr
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Amol V Janorkar
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Mary Marquart
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jason A Griggs
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Joel D Bumgardner
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael D Roach
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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3
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Amgoth C, Patra S, Wasnik K, Maity P, Paik P. Controlled synthesis of thermosensitive tunable porous film of (
pNIPAM
)‐
b
‐(
PCL
) copolymer for sustain drug delivery. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chander Amgoth
- School of Engineering Sciences and Technology University of Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Sukanya Patra
- School of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Kirti Wasnik
- School of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Pradip Maity
- CSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune Maharashtra India
| | - Pradip Paik
- School of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India
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Ali A, Chowdhury S, Janorkar A, Marquart M, Griggs JA, Bumgardner J, Roach MD. A novel single-step anodization approach for PANI-doping oxide surfaces to improve the photocatalytic activity of titanium implants. Biomed Mater 2022; 18:015010. [PMID: 36384042 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aca37d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline titanium oxides have shown photocatalytic activity (PCA) and the formation of antibacterial reactive oxygen species (ROS) when stimulated with UV light. Polyaniline (PANI) is a conductive polymer that has shown antibacterial effects. Previously, titanium oxides have been PANI-doped using a multi-step approach. In the present study, we compared PANI-doped specimens produced with a two-step method (ACV), to PANI-doped specimens produced by a novel single-step direct anodization (AAn) method, and a control group of anodized un-doped specimens. The surface morphology, oxide crystallinity, surface elemental composition, surface roughness, surface wettability, oxide adhesion, corrosion resistance, PCA, and ROS generation of each oxide group were evaluated. All groups exhibited mixed anatase and rutile phase oxides. The AAn group revealed less anatase and rutile, but more PANI-surface coverage. The AAn group exhibited significantly increased PCA after 60 minutes of direct UVA illumination compared to the ACV group, despite containing lower amounts of anatase and rutile. The ACV and AAn groups showed significant increases in ROS production after 4 hours UVA illumination while the control group showed similar ROS production. These findings suggested that PANI doping using the novel direct anodization technique significantly improved PCA even for oxides containing less crystallinity. The S. aureus attachment response to each oxide group was also compared under UVA pre-illumination, UVA direct illumination, and no illumination (dark) lighting conditions. Although no significant differences were shown in the bacterial response, both PANI-doped groups exhibited less average bacterial attachment compared to the control group. The response of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells to each oxide group was evaluated using MTT and live/dead assays, and no evidence of cytotoxicity was found. Since many, if not most, titanium implant devices are routinely anodized as a part of the manufacturing processes, these study findings are applicable to a wide variety of implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ali
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, D528, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216-4505, UNITED STATES
| | - Sheetal Chowdhury
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, D528, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216-4505, UNITED STATES
| | - Amol Janorkar
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, D528, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Dentistry, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216-4505, UNITED STATES
| | - Mary Marquart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216-4505, UNITED STATES
| | - Jason A Griggs
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, D528, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Dentistry, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216-4505, UNITED STATES
| | - Joel Bumgardner
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of Memphis Herff College of Engineering, Engineering Technology Building, 330, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, UNITED STATES
| | - Michael D Roach
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, D528, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, School of Dentistry, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216, UNITED STATES
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5
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Preparation and Real World Applications of Titania Composite Materials for Photocatalytic Surface, Air, and Water Purification: State of the Art. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10090139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The semiconducting transition metal oxide TiO2 is a rather cheap and non-toxic material with superior photocatalytic properties. TiO2 thin films and nanoparticles are known to have antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antialgal, self, water, and air-cleaning properties under UV or sun light irradiation. Based on these excellent qualities, titania holds great promises in various fields of applications. The vast majority of published field and pilot scale studies are dealing with the modification of building materials or generally focus on air purification. Based on the reviewed papers, for the coating of glass, walls, ceilings, streets, tunnels, and other large surfaces, titania is usually applied by spray-coating due to the scalibility and cost-efficiency of this method compared to alternative coating procedures. In contrast, commercialized applications of titania in medical fields or in water purification are rarely found. Moreover, in many realistic test scenarios it becomes evident that the photocatalytic activity is often significantly lower than in laboratory settings. In this review, we will give an overview on the most relevant real world applications and commonly applied preparation methods for these purposes. We will also look at the relevant bottlenecks such as visible light photocatalytic activity and long-term stability and will make suggestions to overcome these hurdles for a widespread usage of titania as photocalyst.
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Lin J, Dong H, Wen Y, Zhuang X, Li S. Surface Free Energy of Titanium Disks Enhances Osteoblast Activity by Affecting the Conformation of Adsorbed Fibronectin. FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS 2022; 9. [DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2022.840813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of surface free energy (SFE) of titanium disks on the adsorption and conformation of fibronectin (FN) and the biological behavior of osteoblasts cultured on the FN-treated modified surfaces. High [H]-SFE titanium disks were irradiated by a 30 W UV light, while low (L)-SFE titanium disks received no treatment. The surface characteristics of the titanium disks were examined using scanning electron microscope, optical surface profilometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. Adsorbed FN on different groups was investigated using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. MG-63 cells were cultured on FN-treated titanium disks to evaluate the in vitro bioactivity. The experiment showed H-SFE titanium disks adsorbed more FN and acquired more ß-turn content than L-SFE group. MG-63 cells cultured on FN-treated H-SFE titanium disks showed better osteogenic responses, including adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization than that on FN-treated L-SFE titanium disks. Compared to L-SFE titanium disks, integrin-β1, integrin-α5 and Rac-1 mRNA levels were significantly higher in MG-63 cells on FN-treated H-SFE after 3 h of culture. These findings suggest that the higher SFE of H-SFE compared to L-SFE titanium disks induced changes in the conformation of adsorbed FN that enhanced the osteogenic activity of MG-63 cells.
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Hardman CT, Johnson HA, Doukas M, Pettit CC, Janorkar AV, Williamson RS, Roach MD. Photocatalytic, Phosphorous‐Doped, Anatase Oxide Layers Applicable to Titanium Implant Alloys. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.7074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. T. Hardman
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS US
| | - H. A. Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS US
| | - M. Doukas
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS US
| | - C. C. Pettit
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS US
| | - A. V. Janorkar
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS US
| | - R. S. Williamson
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS US
| | - M. D. Roach
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS US
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Guo T, Oztug NAK, Han P, Ivanovski S, Gulati K. Influence of sterilization on the performance of anodized nanoporous titanium implants. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 130:112429. [PMID: 34702514 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Towards clinical translation of bioactive nano-engineered titanium implants, achieving appropriate sterilization and understanding its influence on the modified implant characteristics is essential. With limited studies exploring the influence of sterilization techniques on electrochemically anodized titanium with TiO2 nanostructures, we aimed to advance this domain by performing an in-depth evaluation of the influence of common sterilization techniques (ethanol immersion, various UV irradiation times, gamma irradiation, and dry/wet autoclaving) on TiO2 nanopores fabricated on micro-rough Ti surfaces (dual micro-nano) via single step anodization. Various sterilized surfaces were systematically compared in terms of topographical, chemical, crystalline, wettability and mechanical characteristics. Next, we investigated the protein adhesion capacity and functions of primary gingival fibroblasts (proliferation, adhesion/alignment and spreading morphology) to compare the bioactivity of the sterilized nanopores. Ethanol immersion, gamma irradiation and UV irradiation conserved the topography of the fabricated nanopores, while autoclave sterilization (both dry and wet) compromised the nanoporous structures. Various duration of UV-sterilization resulted in no significant changes in the surface topography and chemistry of the fabricated TNPs. Our findings revealed that UV irradiation is the most appropriate technique to sterilize nano-engineered titanium implants for appropriate wettability, protein adhesion capacity and enhanced metabolism and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). This study systematically investigated the influence of sterilization on anodized nano-engineered titanium implants towards achieving reproducible outcomes (in terms of topography, chemistry and bioactivity), and found that UV irradiation holds great promise for application across different nano-engineered metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Guo
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Necla Asli Kocak Oztug
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Pingping Han
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Karan Gulati
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
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9
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Song M, Lu Z, Li D. Phase transformations among TiO 2 polymorphs. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23183-23190. [PMID: 33200764 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06226j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphs widely exist in nature and synthetic systems and are well known to determine material properties. Understanding phase transformation mechanisms among polymorphs enables the design of structures and tuning of phases to tailor material properties. However, current understanding is limited due to the lack of direct observations of the structural evolution at the atomic scale. Here, integrating (semi) in situ transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory, we report atomic structural evolutions of phase transformation from anatase (A) to rutile (R), brookite (B), R-phase, and TiO. Besides the consistent paths with previous reports, we discover several unreported paths, including a [001] direction and (020) plane of anatase to [100]R and (01[combining macron]1)R of rutile, respectively, ([001]A||[100]R, (020)A||(01[combining macron]1)R) and [001]A||[001]B, (020)A||(220)B. Density functional theory analysis elucidates atomic structural evolution during the processes and over 16% of Ti-O bonds break and reform during the processes with energy barriers of ∼0.7-1.0 eV per TiO2 formula unit. Under electron-beam irradiation, anatase particles transform into TiO2-R phase or TiO at high or room temperature, respectively. We also reveal the anisotropic nature of the electron-beam effect, which is seldom discussed: dependence of crystallographic orientation with respect to electron-beam irradiation direction. Understanding the atomic structural evolution sheds light on interpreting and controlling TiO2 polymorphs and intermediate structures for various applications. The revealed electron-beam effects in our work provide guidance for in situ transmission electron microscopy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Song
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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Johnson HA, Williamson RS, Marquart M, Bumgardner JD, Janorkar AV, Roach MD. Photocatalytic activity and antibacterial efficacy of UVA-treated titanium oxides. J Biomater Appl 2020; 35:500-514. [PMID: 32686588 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220942669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown ultraviolet-A (UVA) irradiation of crystalline titanium oxides leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via a photocatalytic process. The ROS exhibit antimicrobial properties that may be of benefit in preventing bacterial attachment to implant devices. Recent studies have suggested a potential benefit of mixed anatase and rutile oxides and dopants on the photocatalytic properties of titanium oxides. The goal of this work was to compare the photocatalytic activity of different anodized commercially pure titanium grade 4 (CPTi4) surfaces. CPTi4 specimens were anodized in three mixed-acid electrolytes to create crystalline oxide surfaces that were either primarily anatase, primarily rutile, or a combination of anatase and rutile. Additionally, the primarily anatase and combination oxides incorporated some phosphorous from the phosphoric acid component in the electrolyte. The photocatalytic activity of the anodized specimens was measured using both methylene blue (MB) degradation assay and comparing the attachment of S. aureus under irradiation with UVA light of differing intensities (1 mW/cm2, 8 mW/cm2, and 23 mW/cm2). Primarily rutile oxides exhibited significantly higher levels of MB degradation after exposure to 1 mW/cm2 UVA lights. Primarily rutile specimens also had the largest reduction in bacterial attachment followed by the mixed phase specimens and the primarily anatase specimens at 1 mW/cm2 UVA lights. Phosphorous-doped, mixed phase oxides exhibited an accelerated MB degradation response during exposure to 8 mW/cm2 and 23 mW/cm2 UVA lights. All anodized and unanodized CPTi4 groups revealed similar S. aureus attachment at the two higher UVA intensities. Although MB degradation assay and the bacteria attachment assay both confirmed photocatalytic activity of the oxides formed in this study, the results of the MB degradation assay did not accurately predict the oxides performance against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haden Andrew Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Randall Scott Williamson
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mary Marquart
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Joel David Bumgardner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Amol V Janorkar
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Michael David Roach
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Arya G, Kumar V. Evaluation of osseintegration between traditional and modified hydrophilic titanium dental implants - Systematic analysis. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2020; 11:176-181. [PMID: 33897177 PMCID: PMC8051648 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_44_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review to access the osseointegration between traditional and modified Hydrophilic Titanium Dental Implants for period of 10 years. PUBMed articles were searched from last ten years up to 15/12/2019 from which 24 studies included in this review. This systematic review compiles the data about osseintegration in hydrophilic titanium implants in human trials. It sheds light on the mechanism of integration of hydrophilic surfaces and numeric data to support the purpose of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Arya
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Varun Kumar
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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de Avila ED, van Oirschot BA, van den Beucken JJJP. Biomaterial-based possibilities for managing peri-implantitis. J Periodontal Res 2019; 55:165-173. [PMID: 31638267 PMCID: PMC7154698 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peri‐implantitis is an inflammatory disease of hard and soft tissues around osseointegrated implants, followed by a progressive damage of alveolar bone. Oral microorganisms can adhere to all types of surfaces by the production of multiple adhesive factors. Inherent properties of materials will influence not only the number of microorganisms, but also their profile and adhesion force onto the material surface. In this perspective, strategies to reduce the adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms on dental implants and their components should be investigated in modern rehabilitation concepts in implant dentistry. To date, several metallic nanoparticle films have been developed to reduce the growth of pathogenic bacteria. However, the main drawback in these approaches is the potential toxicity and accumulative effect of the metals over time. In view of biological issues and in attempt to prevent and/or treat peri‐implantitis, biomaterials as carriers of antimicrobial substances have attracted special attention for application as coatings on dental implant devices. This review will focus on biomaterial‐based possibilities to prevent and/or treat peri‐implantitis by describing concepts and dental implant components suitable for engagement in preventing and treating this disease. Additionally, we raise important criteria referring to the geometric parameters of dental implants and their components, which can directly affect peri‐implant tissue conditions. Finally, we overview currently available biomaterial systems that can be used in the field of oral implantology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica D de Avila
- Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bart A van Oirschot
- Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Implantology & Periodontology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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13
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Tiainen L, Abreu P, Buciumeanu M, Silva F, Gasik M, Serna Guerrero R, Carvalho O. Novel laser surface texturing for improved primary stability of titanium implants. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 98:26-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Early Biofilm Formation on UV Light Activated Nanoporous TiO 2 Surfaces In Vivo. Int J Biomater 2019; 2018:7275617. [PMID: 30595694 PMCID: PMC6282137 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7275617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore early S. mutans biofilm formation on hydrothermally induced nanoporous TiO2 surfaces in vivo and to examine the effect of UV light activation on the biofilm development. Materials and Methods Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy discs (n = 40) were divided into four groups with different surface treatments: noncoated titanium alloy (NC); UV treated noncoated titanium alloy (UVNC); hydrothermally induced TiO2 coating (HT); and UV treated titanium alloy with hydrothermally induced TiO2 coating (UVHT). In vivo plaque formation was studied in 10 healthy, nonsmoking adult volunteers. Titanium discs were randomly distributed among the maxillary first and second molars. UV treatment was administered for 60 min immediately before attaching the discs in subjects' molars. Plaque samples were collected 24h after the attachment of the specimens. Mutans streptococci (MS), non-mutans streptococci, and total facultative bacteria were cultured, and colonies were counted. Results The plaque samples of NC (NC + UVNC) surfaces showed over 2 times more often S. mutans when compared to TiO2 surfaces (HT + UVHT), with the number of colonized surfaces equal to 7 and 3, respectively. Conclusion This in vivo study suggested that HT TiO2 surfaces, which we earlier showed to improve blood coagulation and encourage human gingival fibroblast attachment in vitro, do not enhance salivary microbial (mostly mutans streptococci) adhesion and initial biofilm formation when compared with noncoated titanium alloy. UV light treatment provided Ti-6Al-4V surfaces with antibacterial properties and showed a trend towards less biofilm formation when compared with non-UV treated titanium surfaces.
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15
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Debridement of Bacterial Biofilms with TiO 2/H 2O 2 Solutions and Visible Light Irradiation. Int J Biomater 2018; 2018:5361632. [PMID: 30057613 PMCID: PMC6051089 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5361632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to explore the debridement efficacy of different solutions of H2O2 and rutile particles against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms attached to titanium surfaces when exposed to visible light. Materials and Methods Titanium discs cultivated with biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis or Pseudomonas aeruginosa were subjected for 1 min to suspensions consisting of rutile particles mixed with high (950 mM) or low (2 mM) concentrations of H2O2 under visible light irradiation (405 nm; 2.1 mW/cm2). Discs were rinsed and the degree of debridement was determined through scanning electron microscopy and viability assessment of the remaining bacteria using luminescence measurements and/or a metabolic activity assay. Results Cleaning mixtures containing the higher concentration of H2O2 showed a significantly improved debridement compared to the negative control in all experiments. The addition of rutile particles was shown to have a statistically significant effect in one test with S. epidermidis. Limited evidence of the catalytic effect of visible light irradiation was seen, but effects were relatively small and statistically insignificant. Conclusions H2O2 at a concentration of 950 mM proved to be the strongest contribution to the debridement and bactericidal effect of the cleaning techniques tested in this study.
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Areid N, Peltola A, Kangasniemi I, Ballo A, Närhi TO. Effect of ultraviolet light treatment on surface hydrophilicity and human gingival fibroblast response on nanostructured titanium surfaces. Clin Exp Dent Res 2018; 4:78-85. [PMID: 29955391 PMCID: PMC6010723 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effect of nanostructured TiO2 coatings on human gingival fibroblast and to explore the influence of ultraviolet (UV) light on surface wettability and cellular response. Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy discs (n = 96) were divided into three groups: a sol-gel-derived MetAlive™ (MA) coating; hydrothermal (HT) coating; and a non-coated (NC) group. Forty-eight titanium substrates were further treated with UV light for 15 min. The water contact angles of the substrates were measured using the sessile drop method. Human gingival fibroblasts were used to evaluate the cell adhesion strength and cell proliferation on experimental surfaces. The strength of cell adhesion against enzymatic detachment was studied after 6 hr of adhesion using gentle trypsinization for 15 min at room temperature. A fluorescence microscope was used for cell imaging (Zeiss-stereo-lumar-v12), and images were analyzed for cell counting, and the percentage of detached cells were calculated. The proliferation of cultured cells up to 10 days was determined according to the cell activity using Alamar Blue™assay. The HT group had the lowest contact angle value (31.1°) followed by MetAlive™ (35.3°), whereas the NC group had the highest contact angle (50.3°). After UV light treatment, all surfaces become considerably more hydrophilic. There was a significant difference in the amount of adherent cells between sol-gel and HT groups when compared with the NC group (p < .05) with detachment percentages of 35.8%, 36.4%, and 70.7%, respectively. All substrate types showed an increase in cell proliferation rate until 10 days. It can be concluded that nanostructured titanium oxide implant surfaces, obtained by sol-gel and HT coating methods, enhance the surface wettability and improve human gingival fibroblast function in terms of adhesion and proliferation rate when compared with non-coated surfaces. UV light treatment clearly enhances the wettability of all titanium surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagat Areid
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Stomatognathic PhysiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Ari Peltola
- Turku Clinical Biomaterials CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | | | - Ahmed Ballo
- Division of Prosthodontics and Dental Geriatrics, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of British ColumbiaBCCanada
| | - Timo O. Närhi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Stomatognathic PhysiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseaseTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
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Liu L, Bhatia R, Webster TJ. Atomic layer deposition of nano-TiO 2 thin films with enhanced biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity for orthopedic implants. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:8711-8723. [PMID: 29263665 PMCID: PMC5724422 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s148065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been extensively used as implant materials in orthopedic applications. Nevertheless, implants may fail due to a lack of osseointegration and/or infection. The aim of this in vitro study was to endow an implant surface with favorable biological properties by the dual modification of surface chemistry and nanostructured topography. The application of a nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) coating on Ti-based implants has been proposed as a potential way to enhance tissue-implant interactions while inhibiting bacterial colonization simultaneously due to its chemical stability, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties. In this paper, temperature-controlled atomic layer deposition (ALD) was introduced for the first time to provide unique nanostructured TiO2 coatings on Ti substrates. The effect of nano-TiO2 coatings with different morphology and structure on human osteoblast and fibroblast functions and bacterial activities was investigated. In vitro results indicated that the TiO2 coating stimulated osteoblast adhesion and proliferation while suppressing fibroblast adhesion and proliferation compared to uncoated materials. In addition, the introduction of nano-TiO2 coatings was shown to inhibit gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), all without resorting to the use of antibiotics. Our results suggest that the increase in nanoscale roughness and greater surface hydrophilicity (surface energy) together could contribute to increased protein adsorption selectively, which may affect the cellular and bacterial activities. It was found that ALD-grown TiO2-coated samples with a moderate surface energy at 38.79 mJ/m2 showed relatively promising antibacterial properties and desirable cellular functions. The ALD technique provides a novel and effective strategy to produce TiO2 coatings with delicate control of surface nanotopography and surface energy to enhance the interfacial biocompatibility and mitigate bacterial infection, and could potentially be used for improving numerous orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston
| | | | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Jain S, Williamson RS, Marquart M, Janorkar AV, Griggs JA, Roach MD. Photofunctionalization of anodized titanium surfaces using UVA or UVC light and its effects against Streptococcus sanguinis. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:2284-2294. [PMID: 29098762 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UV light preirradiation of anodized titanium oxide layers has recently been shown to produce a photocatalytic effect that may reduce early bacterial attachment on titanium surfaces. Streptococcus species have been identified as primary early colonizers and contribute to early biofilm formation on dental implant surfaces. Anodized layers with primarily amorphous, primarily anatase, primarily rutile, and mixtures of anatase and rutile phase oxides were preirradiated with UVA or UVC light for 10 min. Nanoscale surface roughness and pre- and post-UV-irradiated wettability were measured for each anodization group. Sample groups were subjected to streptococcus sanguinis for a period of 24 h. Bacterial attachment and killing efficacy were measured and compared to the corresponding non-UV control groups. UVA treatments showed trends of at least a 20% reduction in bacterial attachment regardless of the crystallinity, or combination of oxide phases present. Anodized layers consisting of primarily anatase phase on the outermost surface were shown to have a killing efficacy of at least 50% after preirradiation with UVA light. Anodized layers containing disperse mixtures of anatase and rutile phases at the outermost surface showed at least a 50% killing efficacy after pre-irradiation with either UVA or UVC light. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2284-2294, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Jain
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Randall S Williamson
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Mary Marquart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Amol V Janorkar
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jason A Griggs
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Michael D Roach
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES During the last decades, several changes of paradigm have modified our view on how biomaterials' surface characteristics influence the bioresponse. After becoming aware of the role of a certain microroughness for improved cellular contact and osseointegration of dental titanium implants, the likewise important role of surface energy and wettability was increasingly strengthened. Very recently, synergistic effects of nanoscaled topographical features and hydrophilicity at the implant/bone interface have been reported. METHODS Questions arise about which surface roughness and wetting data are capable to predict the bioresponse and, ultimately, the clinical performance. Current methods and approaches applied for topographical, wetting and surface energetic analyses are highlighted. Current knowledge of possible mechanisms explaining the influence of roughness and hydrophilicity at the biological interface is presented. RESULTS Most marketed and experimental surfaces are based on commonly available additive or subtractive surface modifying methods such as blasting, etching or anodizing. Different height, spatial, hybrid and functional roughness parameters have been identified as possible candidates able to predict the outcome at hard and soft tissue interfaces. Likewise, hydrophilic implants have been proven to improve the initial blood contact, to support the wound healing and thereby accelerating the osseointegration. SIGNIFICANCE There is clear relevance for the influence of topographical and wetting characteristics on a macromolecular and cellular level at endosseous implant/biosystem interfaces. However, we are still far away from designing sophisticated implant surfaces with the best possible, selective functionality for each specific tissue or cavity interface. Firstly, because our knowledge of the respective surface related reactions is at best fragmentary. Secondly, because manufacturing of multi-scaled complex surfaces including distinct nanotopographies, wetting properties, and stable cleanliness is still a technical challenge and far away from being reproducibly transferred to implant surfaces.
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Abstract
We evaluated whether the biological activity of the surface of titanium, when stored in an aqueous solution after ultraviolet (UV) treatment, is comparable to that of the surface immediately after UV treatment. We subjected Grade IV titanium discs with machined surfaces to UV radiation for 15 min and then tested them immediately and after storage for 28 days, with and without distilled H2O (dH2O). We evaluated the surface characteristics using surface profiling, contact angle analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and in terms of the surface zeta-potential. We determined the level of biological activity by analysing albumin adsorption, MC3T3-E1 and human mesenchymal cell adhesion and cytoskeleton development, as well as the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species between groups. The surface characteristics produced by the UV irradiation were maintained in dH2O for 28 days. We found that titanium stored in dH2O for 28 days after UV treatment exhibited enhanced protein adsorption, cell attachment, and cytoskeleton development. Titanium stored in dH2O for 28 days after UV irradiation exhibited a lower level of oxidative stress, comparable to that of the titanium immediately after UV treatment. UV treatment combined with wet storage can be used as a means of overcoming the biological aging of titanium.
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Lv L, Li K, Xie Y, Cao Y, Zheng X. Enhanced osteogenic activity of anatase TiO 2 film: Surface hydroxyl groups induce conformational changes in fibronectin. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:96-104. [PMID: 28576072 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, with an attempt to identify the effects of TiO2 crystalline phase compositions on the osteogenic properties, the anatase and rutile TiO2 thin films with similar film thickness, surface topography and hydrophilicity were prepared on Si (100) substrates by atomic layer deposition (ALD), subsequent thermal annealing and ultraviolet irradiation. The films were studied with XRD, XPS, FE-SEM, AFM, FTIR and contact angle measurements. In vitro cellular assays showed that the anatase phase led to better osteoblast compatibility in terms of adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, mineralization as well as osteogenesis-related gene expression when compared with the rutile phase. We investigated the difference between the anatase and rutile TiO2 films at the biomolecular level to explain the enhanced osteogenic activity of the anatase film. It was found that the presence of more TiOH groups on anatase surface induced more cell-binding sites of fibronectin (FN) exposed on its surface, causing a more active conformation of the adsorbed FN for subsequent osteoblast behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Youtao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Yunzhen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Xuebin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China.
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Kister F, Specht O, Warkentin M, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Rupp F. Peri-implantitis cleaning instrumentation influences the integrity of photoactive nanocoatings. Dent Mater 2017; 33:e69-e78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Shi SF, Jia JF, Guo XK, Zhao YP, Chen DS, Guo YY, Zhang XL. Reduced Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation in the presence of chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:6499-6506. [PMID: 27994455 PMCID: PMC5153269 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s41371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus can adhere to most foreign materials and form biofilm on the surface of medical devices. Biofilm infections are difficult to resolve. The goal of this in vitro study was to explore the use of chitosan-coated nanoparticles to prevent biofilm formation. For this purpose, S. aureus was seeded in 96-well plates to incubate with chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in order to study the efficiency of biofilm formation inhibition. The biofilm bacteria count was determined using the spread plate method; biomass formation was measured using the crystal violet staining method. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the biofilm formation. The results showed decreased viable bacteria numbers and biomass formation when incubated with chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles at all test concentrations. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed increased dead bacteria and thinner biofilm when incubated with nanoparticles at a concentration of 500 µg/mL. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles inhibited biofilm formation in polystyrene plates. Future studies should be performed to study these nanoparticles for anti-infective use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Feng Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Xu Zhou Medical University, Xu Zhou, Jiangsu; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai
| | - Jing-Fu Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai
| | - Xiao-Kui Guo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai
| | - De-Sheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai
| | - Yong-Yuan Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai
| | - Xian-Long Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai
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Iavicoli I, Fontana L, Nordberg G. The effects of nanoparticles on the renal system. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 46:490-560. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1181047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Iavicoli
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Fontana
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene INAIL-Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority, Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy
| | - Gunnar Nordberg
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
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25
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Wu Y, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Scheideler L, Rupp F. Photocatalytic antibacterial effects on TiO2-anatase upon UV-A and UV-A/VIS threshold irradiation. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:583-595. [PMID: 27089303 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1170118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis mediated by the anatase modification of titanium dioxide (TiO2) has shown antibacterial effects in medical applications. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of expanding the excitation wavelengths for photocatalytic antibacterial effects from ultraviolet (UV) into the visible light range. After deposition of salivary pellicle and adhesion of Streptococcus gordonii on anatase, different irradiation protocols were applied to induce photocatalysis: ultraviolet A (UV-A) > 320 nm; ultraviolet/visible (UV-A/VIS) light > 380 nm and > 390 nm; and VIS light 400-410 nm. A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) tests and microscopic examination were used to observe the photoinduced antibacterial effects. Salivary pellicle could be photocatalytically decomposed under all irradiation protocols. In contrast, effective photocatalytic attack of bacteria could be observed by UV-A as well as by UV-A/VIS at 380 nm < λ < 390 nm only. Wavelengths above 380 nm show promise for in situ therapeutic antifouling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Wu
- a Section Medical Materials Science & Technology , University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Jürgen Geis-Gerstorfer
- a Section Medical Materials Science & Technology , University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Lutz Scheideler
- a Section Medical Materials Science & Technology , University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Frank Rupp
- a Section Medical Materials Science & Technology , University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
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26
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Sudare T, Ueno T, Watthanaphanit A, Saito N. Verification of Radicals Formation in Ethanol–Water Mixture Based Solution Plasma and Their Relation to the Rate of Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11668-73. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomonaga Ueno
- Core
Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | | | - Nagahiro Saito
- Core
Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Schweikert MT, Botticelli D, Sbricoli L, Antunes A, Favero V, Salata LA. Sequential Healing at Implants with Different Configuration and Modified Surfaces: An Experimental Study in the Dog. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2015; 18:439-48. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Botticelli
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Medical Science; La Habana Cuba
- UNESP - Faculty of Dentistry of Araçatuba; São Paulo State University; São Paulo Brazil
- ARDEC; Ariminum Odontologica; Rimini Italy
| | - Luca Sbricoli
- School of Dentistry; University of Padua; Padova Italy
| | - Antonio Antunes
- Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo University (USP); São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Luiz A. Salata
- Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo University (USP); São Paulo Brazil
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28
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UV-A and UV-C light induced hydrophilization of dental implants. Dent Mater 2015; 31:e157-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Chen J, Zhao A, Chen H, Liao Y, Yang P, Sun H, Huang N. The effect of full/partial UV-irradiation of TiO 2 films on altering the behavior of fibrinogen and platelets. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:709-718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Gittens RA, Scheideler L, Rupp F, Hyzy SL, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. A review on the wettability of dental implant surfaces II: Biological and clinical aspects. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2907-18. [PMID: 24709541 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dental and orthopedic implants have been under continuous advancement to improve their interactions with bone and ensure a successful outcome for patients. Surface characteristics such as surface topography and surface chemistry can serve as design tools to enhance the biological response around the implant, with in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies confirming their effects. However, the comprehensive design of implants to promote early and long-term osseointegration requires a better understanding of the role of surface wettability and the mechanisms by which it affects the surrounding biological environment. This review provides a general overview of the available information about the contact angle values of experimental and of marketed implant surfaces, some of the techniques used to modify surface wettability of implants, and results from in vitro and clinical studies. We aim to expand the current understanding on the role of wettability of metallic implants at their interface with blood and the biological milieu, as well as with bacteria, and hard and soft tissues.
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A review on the wettability of dental implant surfaces I: theoretical and experimental aspects. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2894-906. [PMID: 24590162 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The surface wettability of biomaterials determines the biological cascade of events at the biomaterial/host interface. Wettability is modulated by surface characteristics, such as surface chemistry and surface topography. However, the design of current implant surfaces focuses mainly on specific micro- and nanotopographical features, and is still far from predicting the concomitant wetting behavior. There is an increasing interest in understanding the wetting mechanisms of implant surfaces and the role of wettability in the biological response at the implant/bone or implant/soft tissue interface. Fundamental knowledge related to the influence of surface roughness (i.e. a quantification of surface topography) on titanium and titanium alloy surface wettability, and the different associated wetting regimes, can improve our understanding of the role of wettability of rough implant surfaces on the biological outcome. Such an approach has been applied to biomaterial surfaces only in a limited way. Focusing on titanium dental and orthopaedic implants, the present study reviews the current knowledge on the wettability of biomaterial surfaces, encompassing basic and applied aspects that include measurement techniques, thermodynamic aspects of wetting and models predicting topographical and roughness effects on the wetting behavior.
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32
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Unosson E, Tsekoura EK, Engqvist H, Welch K. Synergetic inactivation of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus mutansin a TiO2/H2O2/UV system. BIOMATTER 2013; 3:26727. [PMID: 24135830 DOI: 10.4161/biom.26727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TiO 2 photocatalysis can be used to kill surface adherent bacteria on biomaterials, and is particularly interesting for use with percutaneous implants and devices. Its efficiency and safety, however, depend on the activation energy required. This in vitro study investigates synergetic effects against the clinically relevant strains S. epidermidis and S. mutans when combining photocatalytic surfaces with H2O2. After 20 min exposure to 0.1 wt% H2O2 and UV light on TiO2 surfaces, viabilities of S. epidermidis and S. mutans were reduced by 99.7% and 98.9%, respectively. Without H2O2 the corresponding viability reduction was 86% for S. epidermidis and 65% for S. mutans. This study indicates that low concentrations of H2O2 can enhance the efficiency of photocatalytic TiO2 surfaces, which could potentially improve current techniques used for decontamination and debridement of TiO2 coated biomedical implants and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Unosson
- Division of Applied Materials Science; Department of Engineering Sciences; The Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eleni K Tsekoura
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials; Department of Engineering Sciences; The Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Engqvist
- Division of Applied Materials Science; Department of Engineering Sciences; The Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ken Welch
- Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials; Department of Engineering Sciences; The Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; Uppsala, Sweden
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34
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Hayashi M, Jimbo R, Xue Y, Mustafa K, Andersson M, Wennerberg A. Photocatalytically induced hydrophilicity influences bone remodelling at longer healing periods: a rabbit study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013; 25:749-54. [PMID: 23442170 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previously, we have reported that photocatalytically active hydrophilicity of the anatase titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles coated onto commercially pure titanium discs presented significantly improved hydrophilicity after ultraviolet irradiation. As hydrophilicity has shown enhancement of osseointegration, the in vivo responses were of great interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether or not the photo-activated hydrophilicity generated at the time of implant placement has an effect on the longer healing periods for osseointegration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Photocatatytically active nanostructured TiO₂ powder (Degussa P-25), which consists of approximately 80% anatase and 20% rutile, was spin-coated onto commercially pure titanium discs and was heat-treated thereafter. These P25-coated discs were irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light for the test (+UV) group, and non-irradiated discs were prepared for the control (-UV) group. Both groups of discs were placed in the rabbits' tibiae. After 12 weeks of healing period, histological analysis and gene expression analysis using real-time RT-PCR were performed. RESULTS From the histological analyses, there were no specific differences between -UV and +UV groups. However, from the gene expression analysis, ALP, RUNX-2 and IL-10 were significantly upregulated for the +UV group compared with the -UV group. CONCLUSIONS The biologically enhancing effect to photocatalytically activated surfaces remained even after 12 weeks of healing time in terms of genetic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hayashi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Stress reaction of kidney epithelial cells to inorganic solid-core nanoparticles. Cell Biol Toxicol 2012; 29:39-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-012-9236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hayashi M, Jimbo R, Lindh L, Sotres J, Sawase T, Mustafa K, Andersson M, Wennerberg A. In vitro characterization and osteoblast responses to nanostructured photocatalytic TiO2 coated surfaces. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2411-6. [PMID: 22409872 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the study were to characterize a nanostructured photoactive titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) coating and to compare the cellular response of human osteoblasts before and after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of the coating. A specific nanostructured TiO(2) powder (Degussa P-25), which consists of approximately 80% anatase and 20% rutile, was spin-coated onto commercially pure titanium discs, and was heat-treated thereafter. After topographical, chemical and photocatalytic property characterizations, human osteoblasts were cultured on the coated discs before and after UV irradiation. Cell morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cell viability was analysed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. From the contact angle analysis, the wettability significantly improved after UV irradiation. The cultured cells were flattened with numerous elongated lammellipodia; however, no morphological differences were indicated between -UV and +UV surfaces. The MTT assay analysis showed that -UV surface presented significantly higher viability compared to the +UV surface except for one cell population group at 3h where there were no differences. The nanostructured photoactive TiO(2) surface improved its hydrophilicity by UV irradiation, however no enhancing effect in cell response was confirmed at the time tested compared to the non-irradiated surface.
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Ichimura AS, Mack B, Usmani SM, Mars D. Direct Synthesis of Anatase Films with ~100% (001) Facets and [001] Preferred Orientation. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2012; 24:2324-2329. [PMID: 22844184 PMCID: PMC3404747 DOI: 10.1021/cm300573m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Anatase films exhibiting ~100% (001) reactive facets at the surface were grown hydrothermally on gold substrate from a homogeneous solution of TiF(4) and NaF. In addition to NaF, it was found that TiO(2) films with very similar properties could be prepared with the fluoride salts LiF, CsF, HF, NH(4)F, and N(CH(2)CH(3))(4)F. The polycrystalline anatase films are continuous, approximately 1 μm thick, and evenly coat the substrate. The surface grain size is ~400 nm. Grazing angle XRD measurements show that the films exhibit a high degree of preferred orientation with the c-axis normal to the substrate surface. SEM images reveal that the grains span the thickness of the films. Annealing the films at 500 °C removes fluorine and causes crystallites within the grains to restructure as shown by SEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. Supported anatase films grown from this one-pot method may serve as oxidative photocatalysts and electrodes for photoelectrochemical applications such as solar cells and hydrogen evolution.
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Unosson E, Persson C, Welch K, Engqvist H. Photocatalytic activity of low temperature oxidized Ti-6Al-4V. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:1173-1180. [PMID: 22391995 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Numerous advanced surface modification techniques exist to improve bone integration and antibacterial properties of titanium based implants and prostheses. A simple and straightforward method of obtaining uniform and controlled TiO(2) coatings of devices with complex shapes is H(2)O(2)-oxidation and hot water aging. Based on the photoactivated bactericidal properties of TiO(2), this study was aimed at optimizing the treatment to achieve high photocatalytic activity. Ti-6Al-4V samples were H(2)O(2)-oxidized and hot water aged for up to 24 and 72 h, respectively. Degradation measurements of rhodamine B during UV-A illumination of samples showed a near linear relationship between photocatalytic activity and total treatment time, and a nanoporous coating was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction showed a gradual decrease in crystallinity of the surface layer, suggesting that the increase in surface area rather than anatase formation was responsible for the increase in photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Unosson
- Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Rupp F, Haupt M, Eichler M, Doering C, Klostermann H, Scheideler L, Lachmann S, Oehr C, Wendel HP, Decker E, Geis-Gerstorfer J, von Ohle C. Formation and photocatalytic decomposition of a pellicle on anatase surfaces. J Dent Res 2011; 91:104-9. [PMID: 21979134 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511424901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquired dental pellicle plays a critical role in the adhesion and detachment of dental plaque bacteria. It has been reported that titanium dioxide biomaterials decompose single-protein films by photocatalysis. However, it is not known whether this can also be achieved with complex structured pellicle films. This in vitro study investigated in real-time the formation and photocatalytic decomposition of human pellicle at anatase-saliva interfaces. Nanostructured polycrystalline anatase layers were deposited on titanium-coated quartz crystals by magnetron-sputtering, serving as a model for titanium implant surfaces. The quartz crystals were used as acoustic sensors in a quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) system with dissipation. In situ UV irradiation of pellicle-covered anatase caused a statistically significant decrease of the adsorbed salivary mass. In contrast, photocatalytic decomposition of pellicle could not be observed on reference titanium surfaces. Wettability characterization revealed superhydrophilicity of anatase upon UV irradiation, whereas titanium was unaffected. XPS measurements provide further information concerning the decomposition of the salivary films. The results suggest that the photocatalytic activity of polycrystalline anatase-modified biomaterial surfaces is able to decompose complex structured macromolecular pellicle films. Therefore, this study opens the way to surface modifications supporting therapeutic approaches of biofilm removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rupp
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Section Medical Materials and Technology, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Wagner S, Bloh J, Kasper C, Bahnemann D. Toxicological Issues of Nanoparticles Employed in Photocatalysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1515/green.2011.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA huge amount of different nanomaterials is nowadays on the market used for various specific applications. Some nanomaterials such as TiOHence these materials are used for many applications, e.g., for self-cleaning and antibacterial coatings on different surfaces and for the purification of wastewater where the cleaning can be induced by simple exposure to sunlight. Because of the frequent use of these nanoparticles it is important to investigate the life cycles of these nanostructured materials as well as their environmental impact and their toxicity to animals and humans.This review first gives a short overview about nanotechnology and nanotechnological products as well as about photocatalysis and semiconductors used in this field. We then discuss the need for a new technology named nanotoxicology and the problems occurring when investigating the toxic potential of nanomaterials as well as the life cycle of nanomaterials. Furthermore, we focus on the environmental impact of TiO
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