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Holmes NP, Roohani I, Entezari A, Guagliardo P, Mirkhalaf M, Lu Z, Chen YS, Yang L, Dunstan CR, Zreiqat H, Cairney JM. Discovering an unknown territory using atom probe tomography: Elemental exchange at the bioceramic scaffold/bone tissue interface. Acta Biomater 2023; 162:199-210. [PMID: 36893955 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the first atom probe study to reveal the atomic-scale composition of in vivo bone formed in a bioceramic scaffold (strontium-hardystonite-gahnite) after 12-month implantation in a large bone defect in sheep tibia. The composition of the newly formed bone tissue differs to that of mature cortical bone tissue, and elements from the degrading bioceramic implant, particularly aluminium (Al), are present in both the newly formed bone and in the original mature cortical bone tissue at the perimeter of the bioceramic implant. Atom probe tomography confirmed that the trace elements are released from the bioceramic and are actively transported into the newly formed bone. NanoSIMS mapping, as a complementary technique, confirmed the distribution of the released ions from the bioceramic into the newly formed bone tissue within the scaffold. This study demonstrated the combined benefits of atom probe and nanoSIMS in assessing nanoscopic chemical composition changes at precise locations within the tissue/biomaterial interface. Such information can assist in understanding the interaction of scaffolds with surrounding tissue, hence permitting further iterative improvements to the design and performance of biomedical implants, and ultimately reducing the risk of complications or failure while increasing the rate of tissue formation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The repair of critical-sized load-bearing bone defects is a challenge, and precisely engineered bioceramic scaffold implants is an emerging potential treatment strategy. However, we still do not understand the effect of the bioceramic scaffold implants on the composition of newly formed bone in vivo and surrounding existing mature bone. This article reports an innovative route to solve this problem, the combined power of atom probe tomography and nanoSIMS is used to spatially define elemental distributions across bioceramic implant sites. We determine the nanoscopic chemical composition changes at the Sr-HT Gahnite bioceramic/bone tissue interface, and importantly, provide the first report of in vivo bone tissue chemical composition formed in a bioceramic scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie P Holmes
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Iman Roohani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Bioengineering, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ali Entezari
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Paul Guagliardo
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australi
| | - Mohammad Mirkhalaf
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Bioengineering, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Zufu Lu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Bioengineering, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yi-Sheng Chen
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Limei Yang
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 81 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Colin R Dunstan
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Bioengineering, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Bioengineering, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Julie M Cairney
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Entezari A, Liu NC, Zhang Z, Fang J, Wu C, Wan B, Swain M, Li Q. Nondeterministic multiobjective optimization of 3D printed ceramic tissue scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105580. [PMID: 36509011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the design optimization of bone scaffolds for enhancing their biomechanical properties, the functionality of these synthetic constructs remains suboptimal. One of the main challenges in the structural optimization of bone scaffolds is associated with the large uncertainties caused by the manufacturing process, such as variations in scaffolds' geometric features and constitutive material properties after fabrication. Unfortunately, such non-deterministic issues have not been considered in the existing optimization frameworks, thereby limiting their reliability. To address this challenge, a novel multiobjective robust optimization approach is proposed here such that the effects of uncertainties on the optimized design can be minimized. This study first conducted computational analyses of a parameterized ceramic scaffold model to determine its effective modulus, structural strength, and permeability. Then, surrogate models were constructed to formulate explicit mathematical relationships between the geometrical parameters (design variables) and mechanical and fluidic properties. The Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) was adopted to generate the robust Pareto solutions for an optimal set of trade-offs between the competing objective functions while ensuring the effects of the noise parameters to be minimal. Note that the nondeterministic optimization of tissue scaffold presented here is the first of its kind in open literature, which is expected to shed some light on this significant topic of scaffold design and additive manufacturing in a more realistic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Entezari
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Nai-Chun Liu
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW, 2008, Australia
| | - Zhongpu Zhang
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jianguang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Chi Wu
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW, 2008, Australia
| | - Boyang Wan
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW, 2008, Australia
| | - Michael Swain
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW, 2008, Australia
| | - Qing Li
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW, 2008, Australia.
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Newsom ET, Sadeghpour A, Entezari A, Vinzons JLU, Stanford RE, Mirkhalaf M, Chon D, Dunstan CR, Zreiqat H. Design and evaluation of 3D-printed Sr-HT-Gahnite bioceramic for FDA regulatory submission: A Good Laboratory Practice sheep study. Acta Biomater 2023; 156:214-221. [PMID: 35063706 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There is an unmet clinical need for a spinal fusion implant material that recapitulates the biological and mechanical performance of natural bone. We have developed a bioceramic, Sr-HT-Gahnite, which has been identified as a potential fusion device material. This material has the capacity to transform the future of the global interbody devices market, with follow on social, economic, and environmental benefits, rooted in its remarkable combination of mechanical properties and bioactivity. In this study, and in line with FDA requirements, the in vivo preclinical systemic biological safety of a Sr-HT-Gahnite interbody fusion device is assessed over 26 weeks in sheep under good laboratory practice (GLP). Following the in-life phase, animals are assessed for systemic biological effects via blood haematology and clinical biochemistry, strontium dosage analysis in the blood and wool, and histopathology examination of the distant organs including adrenals, brain, heart, kidneys, liver, lungs and bronchi, skeletal muscle, spinal nerves close to the implanted sites, ovaries, and draining lymph nodes. Our results show that no major changes in blood haematology or biochemistry parameters are observed, no systemic distribution of strontium to the blood and wool, and no macroscopic or histopathological abnormalities in the distant organs when Sr-HT-Gahnite was implanted, compared to baseline and control values. Together, these results indicate the systemic safety of the Sr-HT-Gahnite interbody fusion device. The results of this study extend to the systemic safety of other Sr-HT-Gahnite implanted medical devices in contact with bone or tissue, of similar size and manufactured using the described processes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This paper is considered original and innovative as it is the first that thoroughly reports the systemic biological safety of previously undescribed bioceramic material, Sr-HT-Gahnite. The study has been performed under good laboratory practice, in line with FDA requirements for assessment of a new interbody fusion device, making the results broadly applicable to the translation of sheep models to the human cervical spine; and also the translation of Sr-HT-Gahnite as a biomaterial for use in additional applications. We expect this study to be of broad interest to the readership of Acta Biomaterilia. Its findings are directly applicable to researchers and clinicians working in bone repair and the development of synthetic biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T Newsom
- Allegra Orthopaedics, 18-20 Orion Rd, Lane Cove West, NSW, 2066, Australia; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ameneh Sadeghpour
- Allegra Orthopaedics, 18-20 Orion Rd, Lane Cove West, NSW, 2066, Australia
| | - Ali Entezari
- Allegra Orthopaedics, 18-20 Orion Rd, Lane Cove West, NSW, 2066, Australia; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | - Ralph E Stanford
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mirkhalaf
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Bioengineering, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Daniel Chon
- CTL Amedica, 4550 Excel Pkwy #300, Addison, TX, 75001, United States
| | - Colin R Dunstan
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Bioengineering, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Bioengineering, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Li G, Yang L, Wu G, Qian Z, Li H. An update of interbody cages for spine fusion surgeries: from shape design to materials. Expert Rev Med Devices 2022; 19:977-989. [PMID: 36617696 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2022.2165912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Discectomy and interbody fusion are widely used in the treatment of intervertebral disc-related diseases. Among them, the interbody cage plays a significant role. However, the complications related to the interbody cage, such as nonunion or pseudoarthrosis, subsidence, loosening, and prolapse of the cage, cannot be ignored. By changing the design and material of the interbody fusion cage, a better fusion effect can be obtained, the incidence of appeal complications can be reduced, and the quality of life of patients after interbody fusion can be improved. AREAS COVERED This study reviewed the research progress of cage design and material and discussed the methods of cage design and material to promote intervertebral fusion. EXPERT OPINION Current treatment of cervical and lumbar degenerative disease requires interbody fusion to maintain decompression and to promote fusion and reduce the incidence of fusion failure through improvements in implant material, design, internal structure, and function. However, interbody fusion is not an optimal solution for treating vertebral instability.Abbreviations: ACDF, Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion; ALIF, anterior lumbar interbody fusion; Axi-aLIF, axial lumbar interbody fusion; BAK fusion cage, Bagby and Kuslich fusion cage; CADR, cervical artificial disc replacement; DBM, decalcified bone matrix; HA, hydroxyapatite; LLIF/XLIF, lateral or extreme lateral interbody fusion; MIS-TLIF, minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion; OLIF/ATP, oblique lumbar interbody fusion/anterior to psoas; PEEK, Poly-ether-ether-ketone; PLIF, posterior lumbar interbody fusion; ROI-C, Zero-profile Anchored Spacer; ROM, range of motion; SLM, selective melting forming; TLIF, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion or.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshen Li
- Nantong University Medical School, 226000, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University, Taizhou People's Hospital, 225300, Taizhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhanyang Qian
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Nantong University Medical School, 226000, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University, Taizhou People's Hospital, 225300, Taizhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China.,Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
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Ferguson BM, Entezari A, Fang J, Li Q. Optimal placement of fixation system for scaffold-based mandibular reconstruction. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 126:104855. [PMID: 34872868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A current challenge in bone tissue engineering is to create favourable biomechanical conditions conducive to tissue regeneration for a scaffold implanted in a segmental defect. This is particularly the case immediately following surgical implantation when a firm mechanical union between the scaffold and host bone is yet to be established via osseointegration. For mandibular reconstruction of a large segmental defect, the position of the fixation system is shown here to have a profound effect on the mechanical stimulus (for tissue regeneration within the scaffold), structural strength, and structural stiffness of the tissue scaffold-host bone construct under physiological load. This research combines computer tomography (CT)-based finite element (FE) modelling with multiobjective optimisation to determine the optimal height and angle to place a titanium fixation plate on a reconstructed mandible so as to enhance tissue ingrowth, structural strength and structural stiffness of the scaffold-host bone construct. To this end, the respective design criteria for fixation plate placement are to: (i) maximise the volume of the tissue scaffold experiencing levels of mechanical stimulus sufficient to initiate bone apposition, (ii) minimise peak stress in the scaffold so that it remains intact with a diminished risk of failure and, (iii) minimise scaffold ridge displacement so that the reconstructed jawbone resists deformation under physiological load. First, a CT-based FE model of a reconstructed human mandible implanted with a bioceramic tissue scaffold is developed to visualise and quantify changes in the biomechanical responses as the fixation plate's height and/or angle are varied. The volume of the scaffold experiencing appositional mechanical stimulus is observed to increase with the height of the fixation plate. Also, as the principal load-transfer mechanism to the scaffold is via the fixation system, there is a significant ingress of appositional stimulus from the buccal side towards the centre of the scaffold, notably in the region bounded by the screws. Next, surrogate modelling is implemented to generate bivariate cubic polynomial functions of the three biomechanical responses with respect to the two design variables (height and angle). Finally, as the three design objectives are found to be competing, bi- and tri-objective particle swarm optimisation algorithms are invoked to determine the most optimal Pareto solution, which represents the best possible trade-off between the competing design objectives. It is recommended that consideration be given to placing the fixation system along the upper boundary of the mandible with a small clockwise rotation about its posterior end. The methodology developed here forms a useful decision aid for optimal surgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben M Ferguson
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Australian Research Council Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Ali Entezari
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Australian Research Council Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jianguang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Qing Li
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Australian Research Council Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Kim JW, Yang BE, Hong SJ, Choi HG, Byeon SJ, Lim HK, Chung SM, Lee JH, Byun SH. Bone Regeneration Capability of 3D Printed Ceramic Scaffolds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144837. [PMID: 32650589 PMCID: PMC7402304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the bone regenerative capability of a customizable hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffold using a digital light processing (DLP)-type 3D printing system. Twelve healthy adult male beagle dogs were the study subjects. A total of 48 defects were created, with two defects on each side of the mandible in all the dogs. The defect sites in the negative control group (sixteen defects) were left untreated (the NS group), whereas those in the positive control group (sixteen defects) were filled with a particle-type substitute (the PS group). The defect sites in the experimental groups (sixteen defects) were filled with a 3D printed substitute (the 3DS group). Six dogs each were exterminated after healing periods of 4 and 8 weeks. Radiological and histomorphometrical evaluations were then performed. None of the groups showed any specific problems. In radiological evaluation, there was a significant difference in the amount of new bone formation after 4 weeks (p < 0.05) between the PS and 3DS groups. For both of the evaluations, the difference in the total amount of bone after 8 weeks was statistically significant (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in new bone between the PS and 3DS groups in both evaluations after 8 weeks (p > 0.05). The proposed HA/TCP scaffold without polymers, obtained using the DLP-type 3D printing system, can be applied for bone regeneration. The 3D printing of a HA/TCP scaffold without polymers can be used for fabricating customized bone grafting substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Won Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry, Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (J.-W.K.); (B.-E.Y.)
- Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Byoung-Eun Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry, Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (J.-W.K.); (B.-E.Y.)
- Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Dongtan 18450, Korea;
| | - Hyo-Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea;
| | - Sun-Ju Byeon
- Department of Pathology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Dongtan 18450, Korea;
| | - Ho-Kyung Lim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea;
| | | | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Soo-Hwan Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry, Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (J.-W.K.); (B.-E.Y.)
- Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-8787-2640
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Mechanical Properties of Strontium–Hardystonite–Gahnite Coating Formed by Atmospheric Plasma Spray. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9110759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we measured the mechanical properties and tested the cell viability of a bioceramic coating, strontium–hardystonite–gahnite (Sr–HT–G, Sr–Ca2ZnSi2O7–ZnAl2O4), to evaluate potential use of this novel bioceramic for bone regeneration applications. The evaluation of Sr–HT–G coatings deposited via atmospheric plasma spray (APS) onto Ti–6Al–4V substrates have been contrasted to the properties of the well-known commercial standard coating of hydroxyapatite (HAp: Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2). The Sr–HT–G coating exhibited uniform distribution of hardness and elastic moduli across its cross-section; whereas the HAp coating presented large statistical variations of these distributions. The Sr–HT–G coating also revealed higher results of microhardness, nanohardness and elastic moduli than those shown for the HAp coating. The nanoscratch tests for the Sr–HT–G coating presented a low volume of material removal without high plastic deformation, while the HAp coating revealed ploughing behaviour with a large pileup of materials and plastic deformation along the scratch direction. Furthermore, nanoscanning wear tests indicated that Sr–HT–G had a lower wear volume than the HAp coating. The Sr–HT–G coating had slightly higher cell attachment density and spreading area compared to the HAp coating indicating that both coatings have good biocompatibility for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).
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Hettich G, Schierjott RA, Epple M, Gbureck U, Heinemann S, Mozaffari-Jovein H, Grupp TM. Calcium Phosphate Bone Graft Substitutes with High Mechanical Load Capacity and High Degree of Interconnecting Porosity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3471. [PMID: 31652704 PMCID: PMC6862383 DOI: 10.3390/ma12213471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone graft substitutes in orthopedic applications have to fulfill various demanding requirements. Most calcium phosphate (CaP) bone graft substitutes are highly porous to achieve bone regeneration, but typically lack mechanical stability. This study presents a novel approach, in which a scaffold structure with appropriate properties for bone regeneration emerges from the space between specifically shaped granules. The granule types were tetrapods (TEPO) and pyramids (PYRA), which were compared to porous CaP granules (CALC) and morselized bone chips (BC). Bulk materials of the granules were mechanically loaded with a peak pressure of 4 MP; i.e., comparable to the load occurring behind an acetabular cup. Mechanical loading reduced the volume of CALC and BC considerably (89% and 85%, respectively), indicating a collapse of the macroporous structure. Volumes of TEPO and PYRA remained almost constant (94% and 98%, respectively). After loading, the porosity was highest for BC (46%), lowest for CALC (25%) and comparable for TEPO and PYRA (37%). The pore spaces of TEPO and PYRA were highly interconnected in a way that a virtual object with a diameter of 150 µm could access 34% of the TEPO volume and 36% of the PYRA volume. This study shows that a bulk of dense CaP granules in form of tetrapods and pyramids can create a scaffold structure with load capacities suitable for the regeneration of an acetabular bone defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hettich
- Aesculap AG, Research & Development, Am Aesculap-Platz, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany.
| | - Ronja A Schierjott
- Aesculap AG, Research & Development, Am Aesculap-Platz, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Sascha Heinemann
- INNOTERE biomaterial, Meissner Str. 191, 01445 Radebeul, Germany.
| | - Hadi Mozaffari-Jovein
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Tuttlingen (IWAT), Furtwangen University, Kronenstraße 16, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany.
| | - Thomas M Grupp
- Aesculap AG, Research & Development, Am Aesculap-Platz, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Zheng X, Huang J, Lin J, Yang D, Xu T, Chen D, Zan X, Wu A. 3D bioprinting in orthopedics translational research. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 30:1172-1187. [PMID: 31124402 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1623989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- XuanQi Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - JinFeng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - JiaLiang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - DeJun Yang
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, CNITECH, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - TianZhen Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingjie Zan
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, CNITECH, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - AiMin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, China
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Li JJ, Dunstan CR, Entezari A, Li Q, Steck R, Saifzadeh S, Sadeghpour A, Field JR, Akey A, Vielreicher M, Friedrich O, Roohani‐Esfahani S, Zreiqat H. A Novel Bone Substitute with High Bioactivity, Strength, and Porosity for Repairing Large and Load-Bearing Bone Defects. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801298. [PMID: 30773833 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Achieving adequate healing in large or load-bearing bone defects is highly challenging even with surgical intervention. The clinical standard of repairing bone defects using autografts or allografts has many drawbacks. A bioactive ceramic scaffold, strontium-hardystonite-gahnite or "Sr-HT-Gahnite" (a multi-component, calcium silicate-based ceramic) is developed, which when 3D-printed combines high strength with outstanding bone regeneration ability. In this study, the performance of purely synthetic, 3D-printed Sr-HT-Gahnite scaffolds is assessed in repairing large and load-bearing bone defects. The scaffolds are implanted into critical-sized segmental defects in sheep tibia for 3 and 12 months, with bone autografts used for comparison. The scaffolds induce substantial bone formation and defect bridging after 12 months, as indicated by X-ray, micro-computed tomography, and histological and biomechanical analyses. Detailed analysis of the bone-scaffold interface using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy and multiphoton microscopy shows scaffold degradation and maturation of the newly formed bone. In silico modeling of strain energy distribution in the scaffolds reveal the importance of surgical fixation and mechanical loading on long-term bone regeneration. The clinical application of 3D-printed Sr-HT-Gahnite scaffolds as a synthetic bone substitute can potentially improve the repair of challenging bone defects and overcome the limitations of bone graft transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao Li
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories Institute of Bone and Joint Research Kolling Institute Northern Sydney Local Health District Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney St Leonards NSW 2065 Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Colin R. Dunstan
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Ali Entezari
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Qing Li
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Roland Steck
- Medical Engineering Research Facility (MERF) Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI) Queensland University of Technology Prince Charles Hospital Campus Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Siamak Saifzadeh
- Medical Engineering Research Facility (MERF) Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI) Queensland University of Technology Prince Charles Hospital Campus Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Ameneh Sadeghpour
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Allegra Orthopaedics Limited Sydney NSW 2000 Australia
| | - John R. Field
- Centre for Orthopaedic Trauma and Research University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
| | - Austin Akey
- Center for Nanoscale Systems Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Martin Vielreicher
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen 91052 Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen 91052 Germany
| | | | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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11
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Jiménez M, Abradelo C, San Román J, Rojo L. Bibliographic review on the state of the art of strontium and zinc based regenerative therapies. Recent developments and clinical applications. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1974-1985. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02738b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review brings up to date the state of the art of strontium and zinc based regenerative therapies, both having a promoting effect on tissue formation and a role inhibiting resorption in musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julio San Román
- Instituto de Ciencia y tecnología de Polímeros
- CSIC
- Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería
- Biomateriales y Nanomedicina Spain
| | - Luis Rojo
- Instituto de Ciencia y tecnología de Polímeros
- CSIC
- Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería
- Biomateriales y Nanomedicina Spain
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12
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Entezari A, Roohani I, Li G, Dunstan CR, Rognon P, Li Q, Jiang X, Zreiqat H. Architectural Design of 3D Printed Scaffolds Controls the Volume and Functionality of Newly Formed Bone. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801353. [PMID: 30536610 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The successful regeneration of functional bone tissue in critical-size defects remains a significant clinical challenge. To address this challenge, synthetic bone scaffolds are widely developed, but remarkably few are translated to the clinic due to poor performance in vivo. Here, it is demonstrated how architectural design of 3D printed scaffolds can improve in vivo outcomes. Ceramic scaffolds with different pore sizes and permeabilities, but with similar porosity and interconnectivity, are implanted in rabbit calvaria for 12 weeks, and then the explants are harvested for microcomputed tomography evaluation of the volume and functionality of newly formed bone. The results indicate that scaffold pores should be larger than 390 µm with an upper limit of 590 µm to enhance bone formation. It is also demonstrated that a bimodal pore topology-alternating large and small pores-enhances the volume and functionality of new bone substantially. Moreover, bone formation results indicate that stiffness of new bone is highly influenced by the scaffold's permeability in the direction concerned. This study demonstrates that manipulating pore size and permeability in a 3D printed scaffold architecture provides a useful strategy for enhancing bone regeneration outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Entezari
- Australian Research Council Centre in Innovative BioEngineering School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Shanghai‐Sydney Joint Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab at Shanghai JiaoTong Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Iman Roohani
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Guanglong Li
- Shanghai‐Sydney Joint Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab at Shanghai JiaoTong Shanghai 200011 China
- Department of Prosthodontics Oral Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 639 Zhizaoju Road Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Colin R. Dunstan
- Australian Research Council Centre in Innovative BioEngineering School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Shanghai‐Sydney Joint Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab at Shanghai JiaoTong Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Pierre Rognon
- School of Civil Engineering University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Qing Li
- Australian Research Council Centre in Innovative BioEngineering School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Shanghai‐Sydney Joint Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab at Shanghai JiaoTong Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Shanghai‐Sydney Joint Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab at Shanghai JiaoTong Shanghai 200011 China
- Department of Prosthodontics Oral Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 639 Zhizaoju Road Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Australian Research Council Centre in Innovative BioEngineering School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Shanghai‐Sydney Joint Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab at Shanghai JiaoTong Shanghai 200011 China
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13
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No YJ, Xin X, Ramaswamy Y, Li Y, Roohaniesfahani S, Mustaffa S, Shi J, Jiang X, Zreiqat H. Novel injectable strontium-hardystonite phosphate cement for cancellous bone filling applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 97:103-115. [PMID: 30678894 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Injectable bone cement (IBC) such as those based on methacrylates and hydraulic calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate-based cements have been used extensively for filling bone defects with acceptable clinical outcomes. There is a need however for novel IBC materials that can address some of the inherent limitations of currently available formulations to widen the clinical application of IBC. In this study, we characterized a novel hydraulic IBC formulation consisting of bioactive strontium-doped hardystonite (Sr-HT) ceramic microparticles and sodium dihydrogen phosphate, herein named Sr-HT phosphate cement (SPC). The resultant cement is comprised of two distinct amorphous phases with embedded partially reacted crystalline reactants. The novel SPC formulation possesses a unique combination of physicochemical properties suitable for use as an IBC, and demonstrates in vitro cytocompatibility when seeded with primary human osteoblasts. In vivo injection of SPC into rabbit sinus defects show minor new bone formation at the SPC periphery, similar to those exhibited in sinus defects filled with a clinically available calcium phosphate cement. The current SPC formulation presented in this paper shows promise as a clinically applicable IBC which can be further enhanced with additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jung No
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Unit, School of AMME, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Joint Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xianzhen Xin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China; Joint Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yogambha Ramaswamy
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Unit, School of AMME, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Joint Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yihan Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China; Joint Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Seyediman Roohaniesfahani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Unit, School of AMME, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Siti Mustaffa
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Unit, School of AMME, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Shi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China; Joint Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Unit, School of AMME, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Joint Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
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14
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Pirosa A, Gottardi R, Alexander PG, Tuan RS. Engineering in-vitro stem cell-based vascularized bone models for drug screening and predictive toxicology. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:112. [PMID: 29678192 PMCID: PMC5910611 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of veritable in-vitro models of bone tissue is essential to understand the biology of bone and its surrounding environment, to analyze the pathogenesis of bone diseases (e.g., osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis, etc.), to develop effective therapeutic drug screening, and to test potential therapeutic strategies. Dysregulated interactions between vasculature and bone cells are often related to the aforementioned pathologies, underscoring the need for a bone model that contains engineered vasculature. Due to ethical restraints and limited prediction power of animal models, human stem cell-based tissue engineering has gained increasing relevance as a candidate approach to overcome the limitations of animals and to serve as preclinical models for drug testing. Since bone is a highly vascularized tissue, the concomitant development of vasculature and mineralized matrix requires a synergistic interaction between osteogenic and endothelial precursors. A number of experimental approaches have been used to achieve this goal, such as the combination of angiogenic factors and three-dimensional scaffolds, prevascularization strategies, and coculture systems. In this review, we present an overview of the current models and approaches to generate in-vitro stem cell-based vascularized bone, with emphasis on the main challenges of vasculature engineering. These challenges are related to the choice of biomaterials, scaffold fabrication techniques, and cells, as well as the type of culturing conditions required, and specifically the application of dynamic culture systems using bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pirosa
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Riccardo Gottardi
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, Palermo, 90133 Italy
| | - Peter G. Alexander
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
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15
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Li JJ, Ebied M, Xu J, Zreiqat H. Current Approaches to Bone Tissue Engineering: The Interface between Biology and Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701061. [PMID: 29280321 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The successful regeneration of bone tissue to replace areas of bone loss in large defects or at load-bearing sites remains a significant clinical challenge. Over the past few decades, major progress is achieved in the field of bone tissue engineering to provide alternative therapies, particularly through approaches that are at the interface of biology and engineering. To satisfy the diverse regenerative requirements of bone tissue, the field moves toward highly integrated approaches incorporating the knowledge and techniques from multiple disciplines, and typically involves the use of biomaterials as an essential element for supporting or inducing bone regeneration. This review summarizes the types of approaches currently used in bone tissue engineering, beginning with those primarily based on biology or engineering, and moving into integrated approaches in the areas of biomaterial developments, biomimetic design, and scalable methods for treating large or load-bearing bone defects, while highlighting potential areas for collaboration and providing an outlook on future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao Li
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories Kolling Institute Northern Sydney Local Health District Sydney Medical School Northern University of Sydney St Leonards NSW 2065 Australia
| | - Mohamed Ebied
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Jen Xu
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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16
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Graney PL, Roohani-Esfahani SI, Zreiqat H, Spiller KL. In vitro response of macrophages to ceramic scaffolds used for bone regeneration. J R Soc Interface 2017; 13:rsif.2016.0346. [PMID: 27466438 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, the primary cells of the inflammatory response, are major regulators of healing, and mediate both bone fracture healing and the inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials. However, their phenotypic contributions to biomaterial-mediated bone repair are incompletely understood. Therefore, we used gene expression and protein secretion analysis to investigate the interactions in vitro between primary human monocyte-derived macrophages and ceramic scaffolds that have been shown to have varying degrees of success in promoting bone regeneration in vivo Specifically, baghdadite (Ca3ZrSi2O9) and strontium-hardystonite-gahnite (Sr-Ca2ZnSi2O7-ZnAl2O4) scaffolds were chosen as two materials that enhanced bone regeneration in vivo in large defects under load compared with clinically used tricalcium phosphate-hydroxyapatite (TCP-HA). Principal component analysis revealed that the scaffolds differentially regulated macrophage phenotype. Temporal changes in gene expression included shifts in markers of pro-inflammatory M1, anti-inflammatory M2a and pro-remodelling M2c macrophage phenotypes. Of note, TCP-HA scaffolds promoted upregulation of many M1-related genes and downregulation of many M2a- and M2c-related genes. Effects of the scaffolds on macrophages were attributed primarily to direct cell-scaffold interactions because of only minor changes observed in transwell culture. Ultimately, elucidating macrophage-biomaterial interactions will facilitate the design of immunomodulatory biomaterials for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela L Graney
- Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seyed-Iman Roohani-Esfahani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2026, Australia
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2026, Australia
| | - Kara L Spiller
- Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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17
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Hikita A, Chung UI, Hoshi K, Takato T. Bone Regenerative Medicine in Oral and Maxillofacial Region Using a Three-Dimensional Printer<sup/>. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:515-521. [PMID: 28351222 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone grafts currently used for the treatment of large bone defect or asymmetry in oral and maxillofacial region include autologous, allogeneic, and artificial bones. Although artificial bone is free from the concerns of donor site morbidity, limitation of volume, disease transmission, and ethical issues, it lacks osteogenic and osteoinductive activities. In addition, molding of the artificial bone is an issue especially when it is used for the augmentation of bone as onlay grafts. To solve this problem, additive manufacturing techniques have been applied to fabricate bones which have outer shapes conformed to patients' bones. We developed a custom-made artificial bone called a computed tomography (CT)-bone. Efficacy of CT-bone was proven in a clinical research and clinical trial, showing good manipulability, stability, and patient satisfaction. However, low replacement rate of artificial bones by endogenous bones remain an unsolved issue. Loading of cells and growth factors will improve the bone replacement by inducing osteogenic and osteoinductive activities. In addition, the three-dimensional bioprinting technique will facilitate bone regeneration by placing cells and biological substances into appropriate sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Hikita
- 1 Department of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- 2 Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- 3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takato
- 3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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18
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No YJ, Li JJ, Zreiqat H. Doped Calcium Silicate Ceramics: A New Class of Candidates for Synthetic Bone Substitutes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E153. [PMID: 28772513 PMCID: PMC5459133 DOI: 10.3390/ma10020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Doped calcium silicate ceramics (DCSCs) have recently gained immense interest as a new class of candidates for the treatment of bone defects. Although calcium phosphates and bioactive glasses have remained the mainstream of ceramic bone substitutes, their clinical use is limited by suboptimal mechanical properties. DCSCs are a class of calcium silicate ceramics which are developed through the ionic substitution of calcium ions, the incorporation of metal oxides into the base binary xCaO-ySiO₂ system, or a combination of both. Due to their unique compositions and ability to release bioactive ions, DCSCs exhibit enhanced mechanical and biological properties. Such characteristics offer significant advantages over existing ceramic bone substitutes, and underline the future potential of adopting DCSCs for clinical use in bone reconstruction to produce improved outcomes. This review will discuss the effects of different dopant elements and oxides on the characteristics of DCSCs for applications in bone repair, including mechanical properties, degradation and ion release characteristics, radiopacity, and biological activity (in vitro and in vivo). Recent advances in the development of DCSCs for broader clinical applications will also be discussed, including DCSC composites, coated DCSC scaffolds and DCSC-coated metal implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jung No
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Jiao Jiao Li
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
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19
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Wang G, Roohani-Esfahani SI, Zhang W, Lv K, Yang G, Ding X, Zou D, Cui D, Zreiqat H, Jiang X. Effects of Sr-HT-Gahnite on osteogenesis and angiogenesis by adipose derived stem cells for critical-sized calvarial defect repair. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41135. [PMID: 28106165 PMCID: PMC5247715 DOI: 10.1038/srep41135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering strategies to construct vascularized bone grafts are now attracting much attention. Strontium-hardystonite-Gahnite (Sr-HT-Gahnite) is a strong, highly porous, and biocompatible calcium silicate based bio-ceramic that contains strontium and zinc ions. Adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) have been demonstrated to have the ability in promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis. In this study, the effects of Sr-HT-Gahnite on cell morphology, cell proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of ASCs were systematically investigated. The cell proliferation, migration and angiogenic differentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) were studied. Beta-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (TCP/HA) bioceramic scaffolds were set as the control biomaterial. Both bio-ceramics exhibited no adverse influence on cell viability. The Sr-HT-Gahnite scaffolds promoted cell attachment and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of ASCs. The Sr-HT-Gahnite dissolution products enhanced ALP activity, matrix mineralization, and angiogenic differentiation of ASCs. They could also improve cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenic differentiation of HUVECs. Levels of in vivo bone formation with Sr-HT Gahnite were significantly higher than that for TCP/HA. The combination of Sr-HT-Gahnite and ASCs promoted both osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vivo study, compared to Sr-HT-Gahnite and TCP/HA bio-ceramics when administered alone, suggesting Sr-HT-Gahnite can act as a carrier for ASCs for construction of vascularized tissue-engineered bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Seyed-Iman Roohani-Esfahani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Kaige Lv
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Guangzheng Yang
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xun Ding
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Derong Zou
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
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20
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Fracture behaviors of ceramic tissue scaffolds for load bearing applications. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28816. [PMID: 27403936 PMCID: PMC4941535 DOI: 10.1038/srep28816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing large bone defects, especially in weight-bearing locations, remains a challenge using available synthetic ceramic scaffolds. Manufactured as a scaffold using 3D printing technology, Sr-HT-Gahnite at high porosity (66%) had demonstrated significantly improved compressive strength (53 ± 9 MPa) and toughness. Nevertheless, the main concern of ceramic scaffolds in general remains to be their inherent brittleness and low fracture strength in load bearing applications. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a robust numerical framework for predicting fracture strengths of such scaffolds. Since crack initiation and propagation plays a critical role on the fracture strength of ceramic structures, we employed extended finite element method (XFEM) to predict fracture behaviors of Sr-HT-Gahnite scaffolds. The correlation between experimental and numerical results proved the superiority of XFEM for quantifying fracture strength of scaffolds over conventional FEM. In addition to computer aided design (CAD) based modeling analyses, XFEM was conducted on micro-computed tomography (μCT) based models for fabricated scaffolds, which took into account the geometric variations induced by the fabrication process. Fracture strengths and crack paths predicted by the μCT-based XFEM analyses correlated well with relevant experimental results. The study provided an effective means for the prediction of fracture strength of porous ceramic structures, thereby facilitating design optimization of scaffolds.
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Roohani-Esfahani SI, Newman P, Zreiqat H. Design and Fabrication of 3D printed Scaffolds with a Mechanical Strength Comparable to Cortical Bone to Repair Large Bone Defects. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19468. [PMID: 26782020 PMCID: PMC4726111 DOI: 10.1038/srep19468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A challenge in regenerating large bone defects under load is to create scaffolds with large and interconnected pores while providing a compressive strength comparable to cortical bone (100-150 MPa). Here we design a novel hexagonal architecture for a glass-ceramic scaffold to fabricate an anisotropic, highly porous three dimensional scaffolds with a compressive strength of 110 MPa. Scaffolds with hexagonal design demonstrated a high fatigue resistance (1,000,000 cycles at 1-10 MPa compressive cyclic load), failure reliability and flexural strength (30 MPa) compared with those for conventional architecture. The obtained strength is 150 times greater than values reported for polymeric and composite scaffolds and 5 times greater than reported values for ceramic and glass scaffolds at similar porosity. These scaffolds open avenues for treatment of load bearing bone defects in orthopaedic, dental and maxillofacial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Iman Roohani-Esfahani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Aeronautical Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Newman
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Aeronautical Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Aeronautical Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
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22
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Li JJ, Roohani-Esfahani SI, Kim K, Kaplan DL, Zreiqat H. Silk coating on a bioactive ceramic scaffold for bone regeneration: effective enhancement of mechanical and in vitro
osteogenic properties towards load-bearing applications. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao Li
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit; School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney; NSW Australia
| | - Seyed-Iman Roohani-Esfahani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit; School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney; NSW Australia
| | - Kyungsook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Tufts University; Medford MA USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Tufts University; Medford MA USA
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit; School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney; NSW Australia
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23
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Li JJ, Kim K, Roohani-Esfahani SI, Guo J, Kaplan DL, Zreiqat H. A biphasic scaffold based on silk and bioactive ceramic with stratified properties for osteochondral tissue regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5361-5376. [PMID: 26167284 PMCID: PMC4494762 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00353a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Significant clinical challenges encountered in the effective long-term treatment of osteochondral defects have inspired advancements in scaffold-based tissue engineering techniques to aid repair and regeneration. This study reports the development of a biphasic scaffold produced via a rational combination of silk fibroin and bioactive ceramic with stratified properties to satisfy the complex and diverse regenerative requirements of osteochondral tissue. Structural examination showed that the biphasic scaffold contained two phases with different pore morphologies to match the cartilage and bone segments of osteochondral tissue, which were joined at a continuous interface. Mechanical assessment showed that the two phases of the biphasic scaffold imitated the load-bearing behaviour of native osteochondral tissue and matched its compressive properties. In vitro testing showed that different compositions in the two phases of the biphasic scaffold could direct the preferential differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells towards the chondrogenic or osteogenic lineage. By featuring simple and reproducible fabrication and a well-integrated interface, the biphasic scaffold strategy established in this study circumvented the common problems experienced with integrated scaffold designs and could provide an effective approach for the regeneration of osteochondral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao Li
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kyungsook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Seyed-Iman Roohani-Esfahani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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24
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No YJ, Roohani-Esfahani SI, Zreiqat H. Nanomaterials: the next step in injectable bone cements. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 9:1745-64. [PMID: 25321173 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Injectable bone cements (IBCs) are biocompatible materials that can be used as bone defect fillers in maxillofacial surgeries and in orthopedic fracture treatment in order to augment weakened bone due to osteoporosis. Current clinically available IBCs, such as polymethylmethacrylate and calcium phosphate cement, have certain advantages; however, they possess several drawbacks that prevent them from gaining universal acceptance. New gel-based injectable materials have also been developed, but these are too mechanically weak for load-bearing applications. Recent research has focused on improving various injectable materials using nanomaterials in order to render them suitable for bone tissue regeneration. This article outlines the requirements of IBCs, the advantages and limitations of currently available IBCs and the state-of-the-art developments that have demonstrated the effects of nanomaterials within injectable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jung No
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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25
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Bouet G, Marchat D, Cruel M, Malaval L, Vico L. In VitroThree-Dimensional Bone Tissue Models: From Cells to Controlled and Dynamic Environment. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:133-56. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guenaelle Bouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale—U1059, Université de Lyon—Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - David Marchat
- Center for Biomedical and Healthcare Engineering, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CIS-EMSE, CNRS:UMR 5307, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Magali Cruel
- University of Lyon, LTDS, UMR CNRS 5513, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecully, France
| | - Luc Malaval
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale—U1059, Université de Lyon—Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurence Vico
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale—U1059, Université de Lyon—Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
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26
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Synergistic effect of nanomaterials and BMP-2 signalling in inducing osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:219-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Newman P, Lu Z, Roohani-Esfahani SI, Church TL, Biro M, Davies B, King A, Mackenzie K, Minett AI, Zreiqat H. Porous and strong three-dimensional carbon nanotube coated ceramic scaffolds for tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:8337-8347. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01052g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A method to coat high-quality uniform coatings of carbon nanotubes throughout 3D porous structures is developed. Testing of their physical and biological properties demonstrate their potential for application in tissue engineering.
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28
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Li JJ, Kaplan DL, Zreiqat H. Scaffold-based regeneration of skeletal tissues to meet clinical challenges. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:7272-7306. [PMID: 32261954 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01073f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The management and reconstruction of damaged or diseased skeletal tissues have remained a significant global healthcare challenge. The limited efficacy of conventional treatment strategies for large bone, cartilage and osteochondral defects has inspired the development of scaffold-based tissue engineering solutions, with the aim of achieving complete biological and functional restoration of the affected tissue in the presence of a supporting matrix. Nevertheless, significant regulatory hurdles have rendered the clinical translation of novel scaffold designs to be an inefficient process, mainly due to the difficulties of arriving at a simple, reproducible and effective solution that does not rely on the incorporation of cells and/or bioactive molecules. In the context of the current clinical situation and recent research advances, this review will discuss scaffold-based strategies for the regeneration of skeletal tissues, with focus on the contribution of bioactive ceramic scaffolds and silk fibroin, and combinations thereof, towards the development of clinically viable solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao Li
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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29
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Bykova I, Weinhardt V, Kashkarova A, Lebedev S, Baumbach T, Pichugin V, Zaitsev K, Khlusov I. Physical properties and biocompatibility of UHMWPE-derived materials modified by synchrotron radiation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:1843-1852. [PMID: 24793194 PMCID: PMC4099527 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The applications of synchrotron radiation (SR) in medical imaging have become of great use, particularly in angiography, bronchography, mammography, computed tomography, and X-ray microscopy. Thanks to recently developed phase contrast imaging techniques non-destructive preclinical testing of low absorbing materials such as polymers has become possible. The focus of the present work is characterization and examination of UHMWPE-derived materials widely used in medicine, before and after their exposure to SR during such testing. Physical properties, such as wettability, surface energy, IR-spectroscopy, roughness, optical microscopy, microhardness measurements of UHMWPE samples were studied before and after SR. The relationship between a growth of UHMWPE surface hydrophilicity after SR and surface colonization by stromal cells was studied in vitro. Obtained results demonstrate that SR may be used as prospective direction to examine bulk (porous) structure of polymer materials and/or to modify polymer surface and volume for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iu Bykova
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave. 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russia,
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30
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Roohani-Esfahani SI, Wong KY, Lu Z, Juan Chen Y, Li JJ, Gronthos S, Menicanin D, Shi J, Dunstan C, Zreiqat H. Fabrication of a novel triphasic and bioactive ceramic and evaluation of its in vitro and in vivo cytocompatibility and osteogenesis. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:1866-1878. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21504k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Pilia M, Guda T, Pollot BE, Aguero V, Appleford MR. Local microarchitecture affects mechanical properties of deposited extracellular matrix for osteonal regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 35:122-33. [PMID: 24411360 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple biomimetic approaches have been attempted to accelerate the regeneration of functional bone tissue. While most synthetic scaffolds are designed to mimic the architecture of trabecular bone, in the current study, cortical bone-like extracellular matrix was regenerated in vitro within organized structures. Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCaP) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) scaffolds were developed with longitudinal microchannels (250 μm diameter) that resembled native osteons in cortical bone. BCaP and HAp scaffolds had a compressive strength of 7.61±1.42 and 9.98±0.61 MPa respectively. The constructs were investigated in vitro to evaluate the organization and stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) formed by human fetal osteoblasts (HFObs) cultured inside the microchannels. The ECM deposited on the BCaP scaffolds was found to have a higher micro-hardness (h) (1.93±0.40 GPa) than the ECM formed within the HAp microchannels (h=0.80±0.20 GPa) (p<0.05) or native bone (h=0.47-0.74 GPa). ECM deposition within the microchannels resembled osteoid organization and showed a significant increase in both osteoid area and thickness after 24 days (p<0.001). These observations indicate that controlled microarchitecture, specifically cylindrical microchannels, plays a fundamental role in stimulating the appropriate cellular response aimed at recreating organized, cortical bone-like matrix. These findings open the door for researchers to develop a new generation of cortical bone scaffolds that can restore strong, organized bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pilia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - T Guda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - B E Pollot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - V Aguero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - M R Appleford
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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32
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Suitability of Biomorphic Silicon Carbide Ceramics as Drug Delivery Systems against Bacterial Biofilms. ISRN PHARMACEUTICS 2013; 2013:104529. [PMID: 23936680 PMCID: PMC3725843 DOI: 10.1155/2013/104529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present work is aimed at getting a new insight into biomorphic silicon carbides (bioSiCs) as bone replacement materials. BioSiCs from a variety of precursors were produced, characterized, and loaded with a broad-spectrum antibiotic. The capacity of loaded bioSiCs for preventing and/or treating preformed S. aureus biofilms has been studied. The differences in precursor characteristics are maintained after the ceramic production process. All bioSiCs allow the loading process by capillarity, giving loaded materials with drug release profiles dependent on their microstructure. The amount of antibiotic released in liquid medium during the first six hours depends on bioSiC porosity, but it could exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration of Staphylococcus aureus, for all the materials studied, thus preventing the proliferation of bacteria. Differences in the external surface and the number and size of open external pores of bioSiCs contribute towards the variations in the effect against bacteria when experiments are carried out using solid media. The internal structure and surface properties of all the systems seem to facilitate the therapeutic activity of the antibiotic on the preformed biofilms, reducing the number of viable bacteria present in the biofilm compared to controls.
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